Các nhân tố tác động đến vận dụng kỹ thuật kế toán quản trị chiến lược và thành quả hoạt động tại các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.Các nhân tố tác động đến vận dụng kỹ thuật kế toán quản trị chiến lược và thành quả hoạt động tại các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.Các nhân tố tác động đến vận dụng kỹ thuật kế toán quản trị chiến lược và thành quả hoạt động tại các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.Các nhân tố tác động đến vận dụng kỹ thuật kế toán quản trị chiến lược và thành quả hoạt động tại các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.Các nhân tố tác động đến vận dụng kỹ thuật kế toán quản trị chiến lược và thành quả hoạt động tại các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.Các nhân tố tác động đến vận dụng kỹ thuật kế toán quản trị chiến lược và thành quả hoạt động tại các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.Các nhân tố tác động đến vận dụng kỹ thuật kế toán quản trị chiến lược và thành quả hoạt động tại các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.Các nhân tố tác động đến vận dụng kỹ thuật kế toán quản trị chiến lược và thành quả hoạt động tại các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.Các nhân tố tác động đến vận dụng kỹ thuật kế toán quản trị chiến lược và thành quả hoạt động tại các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.Các nhân tố tác động đến vận dụng kỹ thuật kế toán quản trị chiến lược và thành quả hoạt động tại các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.Các nhân tố tác động đến vận dụng kỹ thuật kế toán quản trị chiến lược và thành quả hoạt động tại các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.Các nhân tố tác động đến vận dụng kỹ thuật kế toán quản trị chiến lược và thành quả hoạt động tại các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.Các nhân tố tác động đến vận dụng kỹ thuật kế toán quản trị chiến lược và thành quả hoạt động tại các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.2 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY TRAN THI PHUONG LAN FACTORS AFFECTING THE APPLICTION OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING TECHNIQUES AND PERFORMAN.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY ********* TRAN THI PHUONG LAN FACTORS AFFECTING THE APPLICTION OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING TECHNIQUES AND PERFORMANCE IN VIETNAMESE ENTERPRISES Major: Accounting Code : 9340301 PhD THESIS - SUMMARY Ho Chi Minh City – 2023 The study was completed at: University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City -Academic Instuctors: Assoc.Prof., PhD HA XUAN THACH Assoc.Prof., PhD DOAN NGOC PHI ANH Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The dissertation will be presentes to the dissertation Board at the school level of university of Economics Ho Chi Minh City At ( Hours) (day ) (month) (Year) The dissertation can be found at the library of University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City INTRODUCTION Background of study Globalization and international economic integration have created opportunities and challenges for businesses in the world and Vietnamese enterprises in particular To survive and develop sustainably in the increasingly fiercely competitive market, businesses must know how to apply modern management tools and have an appropriate business strategy to bring benefits to both sides including companies and customers In such an environment, strategic management accounting techniques (SMAT) were born to provide the information for managers in formulating, implementing, evaluating, and making strategic decisions to gain competitive advantages In Vietnam, businesses with limited capital, and labor resources lead to more difficult competition In order to reduce the competitive pressures of the business environment and increase their advantages, many Vietnamese enterprises have begun to change their management methods, including the application of SMAT However, the application of SMAT is still quite new, so it has not been widely paid attention to and applied by Vietnamese enterprises In order to improve understanding of the application of SMAT and help speed up the process of applying them, it is important to continue to have research on the application of SMAT, on the factors affecting the application of SMAT and performance in Vietnamese enterprises For the above reasons, the author has chosen the research topic: "Factors affecting the application of strategic management accounting techniques and performance in Vietnamese enterprises" as the research content for the doctoral thesis Research objectives research question 2.1 Research objectives The thesis studies the impact of external and internal factors in the enterprise on the application of SMAT and performance, thereby affecting the performance of Vietnamese enterprises At the same time, study the direct impact of those factors on the performance of Vietnamese enterprises From the above general goal, the determines specific objectives as follows:: 1) Identify external and internal factors of enterprises that directly affect the application of SMAT to the performance of Vietnamese enterprises 2) Measure the influence of external and internal factors of enterprises that directly affect the application of SMAT to the performance of Vietnamese enterprises 3) Determine the level of direct impact of the application of SMAT on the performance of Vietnamese enterprises 4) Determine the level of indirect impact of external and internal factors of enterprises on the performance that is mediated by of the application of SMAT in Vietnamese enterprises 2.2 Research question Based on the four specific objectives, there are four research questions include: - Question 1: What are the external and impact of external and internal factors that affect the application of SMAT which affect the performance of Vietnamese enterprises? - Question 2: How does the direct impact of external and internal factors affect the application of SMAT that affect the performance of Vietnamese enterprises? - Question 3: How is the direct impact of the application of SMAT on the performance of Vietnamese enterprises? - Question 4: What impact levels of external and internal factors directly on business performance that is mediated by the application of SMAT in Vietnamese enterprises? Research subjects and research scopes 3.1 Research subjects The research object of the thesis is behavioral accounting, studying the factors affecting the application of quality management accounting techniques and operational results in enterprises Subjects of the survey are Vietnamese enterprises The survey approach is on the employees taking the position as financial accounting/management accounting or senior managers, or senior managers at these enterprises 3.2 Research scopes Place: The study focuses on the medium and large nonfinancial enterprises in Vietnam Time: The qualitative study was carried out from September 1, 2020 to January 30, 2021 Quantitative research consists of phases: (i) preliminary survey from February 22, 2021 to April 20, 2021; (ii) official survey from May 20, 2021 to July 20, 2021 Methodology To solve the above research questions, mixed methodology includequalitative research and quantitative research Qualitative research results will provide an expected research model for quantitative research Quantitative research includes two steps: (i) Preliminary quantitative research to assess the reliability of the scales of research concepts; (ii) Quantitative research to officially test the scale, test the theoretical model, and the hypotheses proposed in the model Implications of the study 5.1 Theoretical implications - The thesis proves to the line of research on the factors affecting the application of SMAT that impact the performance results in Vietnamese enterprises - The thesis has added a research model with external factors, internal factors affecting the application of SMAT, and operational results in Vietnamese enterprises directly and indirectly - The thesis also proposes, adjusts, and supplements the measurement scale of variables in the research model on the factors affecting the application of SMAT on the performance of Vietnamese enterprises that match the characteristics of Vietnamese enterprises and Vietnam's economy 5.2 Practical implications - The thesis provides empirical evidence on the relationships and impact levels of external and internal factors on the application of SMAT of Vietnamese enterprises, as well as the level of contribution of each specific external and internal factor in these impacts On that basis, to propose recommendations for managers to accelerate the application of SMAT in Vietnamese enterprises - Research results provide empirical evidence that the application of SMAT increases business performance With this result, the thesis contributes to raising managers' awareness about the benefits of applying SMAT From there, managers will be proactive in planning, designing, implementing, and improving the application of SMAT to improve operational performance in both financial and non-financial enterprises - The thesis can be a helpful reference source for researchers and lecturers on fields such as management accounting techniques, the application of SMAT, and the influence of the application of SMAT on enterprise performance Structure of the dissertation The dissertation is divided into five chapters: Chapter 1: Literature review: Presenting an overview of foreign and domestic studies on factors affecting the application of SMAT on performance of enterpises Chapter 2: Theoretical framework: Presenting concepts, related background theories, identifying factors, building hypotheses and proposing research models Chapter 3: Research methodology: Provides an overview of the methodology, qualitative research design, and quantitative research Chapter 4: Results and discussion Presenting qualitative research results, quantitative research results, then discussing research results Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendation: Concluding and stating the contributions and limitations of the thesis, from which there are policy suggestions for business managers CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 International researches 1.1.1 Researches on external and internal factors of enterprise affecting the application of SMAT - External factors: Looking at the impact of external environmental factors with the application of SMAT on the performance of enterprises, the most mentioned factor in the studies is the level of competition and perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU) - Internal factors: focus on factors such as business strategy; market orientation; organizational structure; information technology; organizational culture; accountants who take part in strategic decision-making, business field; firm size; … 1.1.2 Researches on external and internal factors of enterprise affecting on performance of enterpises External factors: - Businesses face a more competitive environment or operate in uncertain environmental conditions, and providing better information improves resource allocation and organizational performance Internal factors: - Business strategy: Each enterprise has different strategic plans to achieve its goals However, businesses must choose the right strategies for the conditions and environment to improve firm performance - Market orientation and organizational structure: Accountants take part in strategic decision-making has a positive effect on business performance 1.1.3 The researches on the application of SMAT impact on the business performance Many studies confirm that the application of SMAT has a positive impact on performance on both financial and nonfinancial measures 1.2 Researches on external and internal factors of enterprise affecting the application of SMAT impact on the business performance in Vietnam context In Vietnam, the application of SMAT is still not popular, so the number of studies on quality management accounting techniques and the impact of factors on the application of SMAT on firm performance is quite new in Vietnamese enterprises is still relatively limited The research lines and research results in Vietnam are similar to studies done in the world However, the influencing factors are considered in each study and the impact results are not consistent 1.3 Research gap Based on the comments of previous studies, identifying research gaps, the author determines the research direction of the thesis as follows: - Research model: Inheriting a comprehensive research model on the direct and indirect effects of factors on the application of SMAT impact on the business performance, besides adding factors to suit the characteristics of the economic environment of Vietnam, as well as the characteristics of Vietnamese enterprises in recent years - Research scope: The thesis conducts research with all enterprises in different sectors of the economy, this also contributes to improving the generality of the research topic - Methodology: The thesis uses a mixed research method in which a combination of qualitative and quantitative research is needed Using PLS-SEM (Partial least squares SEM) to test the research hypotheses This is also a difference from previous studies related to the topic, but it is appropriate in the context of conducting this study such as the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on the process of collecting preliminary data, the sample size was small Moreover, the research model of the thesis considers the impact of internal and external factors on enterprises that directly and indirectly affect the application of quality management accounting techniques and the performance of enterprises, so the use of PLS-SEM can easily handle different measurement models; support to handle problems related to complex structural models CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Chapter presents the content on internal and external firm factors and the application of SMAT on firm performance, and the related theory framework on that basis identifies the factors, builds hypotheses, and proposes the research model of the thesis The first section presents an overview of the management strategy, strategic management accounting, the application of SMAT, including the content, and the role The second part relates firm performance, the relationship between firm performance, and the application of SMAT Part three presents two related background theories (uncertainty and representation) to help identify drivers and relationships 14 model, which is the basis for conducting the enterprise survey at the preliminary quantitative research stage - Step – Preliminary quantitative research: Draft scale (draft survey questionnaire 2) was used to conduct the preliminary enterprise survey The survey data will then evaluate the measurement model by PLS-SEM with SMARTPLS software The result of step is to determine the official scale set - Step – Quantitative Research: The completed survey questionnaire is used to carry out the formal quantitative research step The survey data will then evaluate the formal measurement model and the structural model The evaluation is conducted by PLS-SEM on the SMART-PLS software The result of step is to accept or reject the proposed hypotheses, and discuss and propose solutions based on the research received results 3.1.3 PLS-SEM application In the thesis, the evaluation of the measurement model and the structural model is conducted with PLS-SEM through SMARTPLS software 3.1.4 Qualitative method In the thesis, the author inherits the scales that have been built and tested in a context different from the research context of the thesis, so it may not be completely suitable for the problem that the author is working on Additional scales (ownership structure) applied from studies in other fields need to be further change to be more appropriate The author applies the qualitative research method to identify the factors adjust and supplement observed variables, and determine the impact 15 relationships in the model that are suitable for the context of Vietnamese enterprises 3.1.5 Quantitative method - Preliminary quantitative research: preliminary evaluation and determinants of whether the scale of research concepts is eligible to form an official scale for official quantitative research - Quantitative research: conducted to test the hypotheses that have been built 3.2 Qualitative research design The factors and scales in this study are based on uncertainty theory and the inheritance of existing scales in the world, combined with the new author's representative theory to explain the new factor ownership structure The author inherits and supplements these scales In order to convey the content to the survey respondents, the draft scale above will be presented in the form of the Draft Survey Questionnaire (Business survey form) After the expert interview process, the comments on changes related to the scale and the results of the adjustment of the scale according to the experts' opinions were synthesized and used to complete the draft survey questionnaire Before using draft questionnaire for the preliminary quantitative step, the author conducts a pilot survey 3.3 Quantitative research design 3.3.1 Preliminary quantitative research It is very difficult to reach the survey respondents, especially during the covid epidemic, so data collection is conducted in 16 two ways: (i) sending a letter with a direct survey questionnaire and (ii) an online survey The author sampled by convenient sampling method, each enterprise only took one survey The author evaluates the measurement model according to separate technical groups for each type of outcome variable and causes variable The scales in the preliminary quantitative research phase, after being evaluated and met, will become the official scale to continue as the basis of the official quantitative research step 3.3.2 Quantitative research The method of conducting the survey at the official quantitative stage is similar to the preliminary quantitative stage The author uses the collected survey data to evaluate the measurement model, the structural model CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Qualitative research results Based on the combined results of expert interviews and the results of the experimental survey step, the author completes the draft scale The scales of the variables in the model are determined and coded as follows Independent variables Competitiveness of the environment: denoted as “CT”, with observed variables denoted from CT1 to CT5; The degree of environmental instability: denoted as “OD”, with observed variables denoted from OD1 to OD7 Ownership structure: denoted as “CTSH”, with observed variables denoted from CTSH1 to CTSH3 Add 01 cover variable, symbol CTSH_G 17 Business strategy: denoted as “CLKD” with observed variables denoted from CLKD1 to CLKD4 Market orientation: denoted as “DHTT” with observed variables denoted from DHTT1 to DHTT4 Organizational structure: denoted as “CCTC” with observed variables denoted from CCTC1 to CCTC4 Information technology: denoted as “IT” with observable variables denoted from IT1 to IT4 Dependent variable “the application of SMAT”: denoted as “KTQTQ” with 11 observed variables include SMA1 to SMA11; there is also a cover variable, symbol SMA_G Dependent variable “Thành hoạt động”: denoted as “TQ” with observed variables include TQ1 to TQ9 4.2 Preliminary results of quantitative research The surveyed enterprises cover all three regions of the country, but the majority have their headquarters in Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City (39 enterprises, accounting for 26%), and Hanoi (36 enterprises, accounting for 24%) At the end of the preliminary quantification step, a number of scales that have not reached their values are excluded from the model as follows: • Result variable: Type of observed variable TQ9 due to not reaching convergence value (external load factor) • Causal variable: The type of observed variable CTSH2 because the external weight is not significant and the external load factor < 0.1 The scales of the remaining variables are eligible to be retained after the preliminary quantitative research step, and are 18 included in the official research model as shown in Figure 4.2 The research hypotheses proposed at the end of Chapter remain unchanged Figure 4.2 Research model Source: Author's recommendation 4.3 Quantitative research results Surveyed enterprises are scattered throughout the country, but the largest is the southern provinces and the Central Highlands 117 enterprises account for 44.7%, of which Ho Chi Minh City is located Ho Chi Minh City (64 enterprises, ... methodology includequalitative research and quantitative research 4 Qualitative research results will provide an expected research model for quantitative research Quantitative research includes... to apply modern management tools and have an appropriate business strategy to bring benefits to both sides including companies and customers In such an environment, strategic management accounting... qualitative research results, quantitative research results, then discussing research results Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendation: Concluding and stating the contributions and limitations