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Ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trong dạy học môn Giáo dục công dân theo định hướng phát triển năng lực học sinh ở trường trung học phổ thông hiện nay. Ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trong dạy học môn Giáo dục công dân theo định hướng phát triển năng lực học sinh ở trường trung học phổ thông hiện nay. Ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trong dạy học môn Giáo dục công dân theo định hướng phát triển năng lực học sinh ở trường trung học phổ thông hiện nay. Ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trong dạy học môn Giáo dục công dân theo định hướng phát triển năng lực học sinh ở trường trung học phổ thông hiện nay. Ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trong dạy học môn Giáo dục công dân theo định hướng phát triển năng lực học sinh ở trường trung học phổ thông hiện nay. Ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trong dạy học môn Giáo dục công dân theo định hướng phát triển năng lực học sinh ở trường trung học phổ thông hiện nay. Ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trong dạy học môn Giáo dục công dân theo định hướng phát triển năng lực học sinh ở trường trung học phổ thông hiện nay. Ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trong dạy học môn Giáo dục công dân theo định hướng phát triển năng lực học sinh ở trường trung học phổ thông hiện nay. Ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trong dạy học môn Giáo dục công dân theo định hướng phát triển năng lực học sinh ở trường trung học phổ thông hiện nay.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION Nguyen Quang Thuan CURRENT APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING CIVIC EDUCATION ACCORDING TO THE DIRECTION OF DEVELOPING STUDENTS’S COMPETENCE AT HIGH SCHOOLS Specialization: Theory and teaching methods of Political Education subject Code: 9.14.01.11 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCE Hanoi - 2023 The study was completed at: Hanoi National University of Education Scientific supervisor: Assoc.Prof.Dr Nguyen Nhu Hai 1st Review: Assoc.Prof.Dr Lai Quoc Khanh VNU Hanoi University of Social Sciences and Humanities 2nd Review: Assoc.Prof.Dr Nguyen Thi Toan Hanoi Pedagogical University 3rd Review: Assoc.Prof.Dr Dao Thi Ngoc Minh Hanoi National University of Education The thesis will be defended to the School-level Thesis Judging Committee at Hanoi National University of Education at….…/ ……/2023 The thesis can be found at Vietnam’s National Library and Hanoi or the Library of Hanoi National University of Education INTRODUCTION Rationale of the study Vietnam is implementing a fundamental and comprehensive reform of education and training in the spirit of Resolution No 29 in the 8th Plenum of the Party Central Committee, term XI Along with the general worldwide development trend, the country's education is being oriented to gradually transfer from teaching mainly to equip learners with the knowledge to forming and fostering the necessary capacity, and good qualities Therefore, the renovation of teaching objectives, content, and methods in the direction of developing students’ capacity is currently an urgent issue To ensure the successful implementation of innovative teaching methods, teaching activities are not only limited to the scope of activities of teachers and learners in the classroom with traditional teaching methods and means of teaching but also must intensify and enhance the efficiency of using modern equipment to support the teaching process This is one of the educational trends that has been paying (has been paid) attention to by most countries, including Vietnam It is concerned with using the achievements of information technology (IT) as an environment, method, and effective means of support for the teaching process Civic Education at high schools is currently a scientific subject that includes the knowledge of Marxist-Leninist sciences such as Philosophy, Political Economy, Socialism Scientific Association, Ethics; policies and guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam; policies and laws of the State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, etc This knowledge directly forms the worldview, scientific methodology, revolutionary outlook on life, fostering morality and theory ideas for students With such knowledge characteristics, the teaching of Civic Education requires different forms of teaching organization and teaching methods and has specific characteristics compared to other subjects at high schools In the 2018 General Education curriculum, the Civic Education is shaped into the subject of Civic Education Civic Education is a subject selected according to the aspirations and career orientation of students, associated with the career-oriented education stage The teaching content is also rebuilt in the direction of reducing academic and abstract knowledge and increasing practical knowledge, towards the development of qualities and capacities for students In order to achieve the goals and requirements on quality and capacity for students through teaching this subject, it requires great efforts of both teachers and students In particular, information technology support plays an important role in improving the effectiveness of teaching this subject However, in fact, the teaching and learning quality of Civic Education at high schools today has not achieved results commensurate with the position and role of this subject, has not kept pace with the innovation trend of society, and is not worthy of a strategic position in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country This situation has many different objective and subjective reasons One of the important reasons is that the teaching process of Civic Education is generally being done with the traditional teaching methods, which is a form of classroom instruction with teaching methods that tend to transfer knowledge to students whereas equipping modern teaching aids at high schools are still limited, IT application ability in teaching of teachers are still low Therefore, the effectiveness of teaching innovation at high schools is not high Information technology as an environment, a method and a visual aid to support teaching, is proving its advantages and effectiveness in the process of innovation of educational management, teaching method and examination and assessment in teaching in general and teaching Civic Education in particular Actually, there have been scores of studies on the application of IT in teaching, but these studies mainly focus on the role of IT in achieving the goals of knowledge according to the content access program, and there have been no studies on the role of information technology in the formation and development of students' competencies in the process of teaching Civic Education at high schools Hence, the study of information technology application in teaching Civic Education following the orientation of developing student’s competence at high schools will contribute to systematizing the scientific basis of the information technology application in teaching Civic Education following the orientation of developing student’s competence at high schools, and then find out measures to form and develop students' competencies in teaching process in this subject Consequently, the author chooses the topic "Current application of information technology in teaching Civic Education according to the capacity development of students at high schools" as a doctoral thesis majoring in Theory and Civic Education Teaching Methodology Aims of the study The research thesis aims to find out measures to apply IT in teaching Civic Education to contribute to the development of students' competencies, and to improve the effectiveness of teaching this subject at high schools during the implementation of 2018 New National Program of General Education Object and scope of the study 3.1 Research subject The research subject is the process of applying information technology in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools during the implementation of 2018 New National Program of General Education 3.2 Research object The object of the research is the measures of applying IT in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools during the implementation of 2018 New National Program of General Education 3.3 Scope of the study - The research content focuses on applying IT in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools during the implementation of 2018 New National Program of General Education - Research on the current status of teaching Civic Education at 31 high schools in the North and organize pedagogical experiments at high schools in the provinces/cities: Tuyen Quang (Tan Trao high school), Hanoi (Soc Son High School), Hai Duong (Cam Giang High School), Bac Giang (Yen Dung High School 2), Ninh Binh (Gia Vien B High School) High schools are selected to conduct pedagogical experiments to ensure the representativeness of high schools in mountainous, delta, urban and rural areas - The conduct period of the investigation, practical survey and pedagogical experiment from September 2018 to November 2019 Scientific hypothesis In the teaching process of Civic Education following a content-oriented approach at high schools, IT plays an important role in helping teachers achieve the goals of knowledge, skills, and attitudes towards students However, in the teaching Civic Education process in the direction of competency development, the application of information technology must be directed towards the development in students of general and specific competencies of Civic Education Therefore, ensuring the principles and measures of applying IT in the direction of student competence development will contribute to the development of students' competence, and improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning this subject at high schools during the implementation of 2018 New National Program of General Education Research tasks The thesis performs the following research tasks: - An overview of research works in the world and in Vietnam related to the problem of IT application in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence in high school - Research the theoretical and practical basis of the application of information technology in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools - Proposing principles and measures to apply IT in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools - Conduct pedagogical experiments to confirm the effectiveness of principles and measures to apply information technology in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools Theoretical background and research methods 6.1 Theoretical background During the research process, the thesis uses the theory of Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism; Theory and teaching methods of Political Education; Modern teaching theory to serve as a basis for approaching and researching the problem of applying information technology in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools The use of these theoretical bases will help to ensure the scientific and systematic research of the topic as well as meet the requirements and the specificity of educational science in the field of Theory and teaching Civic Education methods 6.2 Research method 6.2.1 Group of theoretical research methods The thesis uses theoretical research methods such as: analysis, synthesis, generalization, classification and systematization, modeling, etc., can collect, synthesize , and process theoretical information from different sources in order to clarify the instrumental concepts and basic theoretical contents in the thesis, and serve as a basis for proposing principles, measures and models experimental model on the application of IT in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools as well. 6.2.2 Group of practical research methods - Observation methods: Observing students' attitudes, learning interest, and expression of competence in the Civic Education classroom at high schools with IT application oriented towards the development of student competence in experimental classes and Civic Education classes not have IT application in the control classes - Interview method: Interviewing teachers, students, and educational managers at all levels about the issue of IT application in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence in control classes - Method of sociological investigation: Using questionnaires for teachers, students, educational management levels about the content related to the topic of the thesis - Expert method: Consult educational scientists on the topic, build a questionnaire, survey the current situation, analyze survey data, and experimental results - Experimental method: pedagogical experiment to analyze, compare, and evaluate between experimental classes and control classes Specifically: The author of the thesis selects experimental and control classes with the same cognitive level, student quantity and performance at the same time in each experiment - Active product research method 6.2.3 Other methods The thesis uses statistical and mathematical methods to process the data collected in the process of investigating the current status of IT teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence Besides, the thesis uses the statistical software SPSS to make statistics and analyze the data in the process of pedagogical experiment Need -to -be -defended arguments - The teaching of Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence is an indispensable requirement in order to meet the requirements of the current fundamental and comprehensive renovation of education and training - Information technology plays an important role in enhancing the quality and effectiveness of teaching in general and teaching Civic Education in particular, in the direction of developing student competence at high schools The application of IT in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools is extremely necessary - The principles and measures of applying IT in teaching Civic Education according to the development orientation of student’s competence at high schools must be associated with the formation and development of general and specific competencies of Civic Education in the total teaching preparation process, teaching organization in class and examining, assessing the learning results of students The contributions of the thesis Systematizing the scientific basis of the IT application in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools - Analysis of the current situation and causes of the current situation of the IT application in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools - Clarifying the competencies that need to be aimed at formation and development in high school students through teaching Civic Education - Propose principles and pedagogical measures to effectively implement the application of information technology in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools Structure of the thesis In addition to the Introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendices, the thesis content includes chapters: - Chapter 1: Research overview of the problem - Chapter 2: The scientific background of the information technology application in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools - Chapter 3: Principles and measures to apply information technology in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools - Chapter 4: Experiments with the information technology application in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools Chapter I OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM RESEARCH 1.1 Research on the application of information technology in teaching 1.1.1 An overview of the application of information technology in offline/ direct learning This is a research direction mentioned by many authors with different aspects: Instructions for using computers and teaching software; Applying IT to develop learners' ability to self-study and self-research, improve efficiency, innovate teaching systems and teaching methods; Applying IT to assess student learning outcomes In general, the research direction on applying IT in direct teaching has been studied by authors in the world and in the country quite early The research content is also very diverse and rich, associated with the basic elements of the teaching process, in which, most of the studies focus on understanding and exploiting the advantages of IT to improve the quality and effectiveness of education and teaching In addition, there are also some authors who approach research on this issue from the perspective of difficulties and challenges posed to teachers, learners and other forces when applying IT in teaching 1.1.2 An overview of the application of information technology in online learning or hybrid learning (a mix of offline and online learning) Along with the development of the Internet with Web generations, the industrial revolution 4.0 and online teaching applications, there have been studies on ICT applications in online teaching and teaching in combination with online teaching, which appeared later than the research on the application of IT in face-toface teaching The researches of the authors in this research direction have reflected very quickly and timely the strong development of IT, the great potentials of ICT for changing teaching models from online teaching to online one or the mix of face-to-face teaching with online teaching This change of teaching model reflects the rather rapid and flexible transformation of the education sector in general in response to the urgent requirements of reality (such as the outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic) and also reflects the trend of Education development of the times is to increase the application of IT achievements in all fields of social life, including education and training 1.1.3 Other research directions In addition to the two research directions mentioned above, the research on applying IT in teaching is also approached by some authors from other angles such as: Research on IT as a requirement, required competencies for those educators; Research on measures to apply IT in teaching to meet the requirements of the 4.0 revolution; Research on IT application in building smart schools, In general, the authors' research is very good research, updating the achievements of IT in each period Although these studies approach the application of ICT in education from different angles, most of the studies focus on emphasizing the important role of ICT in the innovation of teaching systems, teaching methods, improving improve teaching efficiency, bring many learning opportunities for learners with different learning conditions and environments, etc These studies have shown the correct and up-to-date views of educational scientists towards the inevitable development trend of modern education with the strong development of IT in the present and in the future 1.2 Research on the application of information technology in teaching Civic Education at high schools 1.2.1 Research on the ability and application of information technology in teaching Civic Education In general, the issue of ability and application of ICT in teaching Civic Education has been studied by the authors early on These authors are mainly lecturers working in the Faculty of Political Education at pedagogical universities - who are directly involved in teaching and training students in the field of Civic Education, and in fostering teachers of Civic Education at high schools pine Therefore, the authors' researches on the possibility of IT application, the instructions on the application of IT in teaching Civic Education are very specific, timely reflecting the educational development trends of the world and the country, showing great value in the work of training and retraining teachers of general education subjects in high schools 1.2.2 Research on the application of information technology to innovate the form of teaching organization, teaching methods and testing and assessment; promote the activeness and initiative of students, improve the teaching effectiveness of the subject of Civic Education The renovation of the teaching methods, methods of teaching and assessment, promoting the activeness and initiative of students is the main research direction of the authors when researching the application of information technology to improve the effectiveness of teaching the subject of general education in high schools Therefore, this issue has attracted a lot of attention from management levels and research authors Through the authors' insightful comments, these studies both affirm the important role of ICT in improving the effectiveness of teaching Civic Education in high schools and also show the authors' enthusiasm for teaching with the teaching of this subject in high schools 1.3 Research on the application of information technology in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student's capacity In the 2018 National Education Program, the subject of civic education is the new general education subject Approaching according to the process of implementing the Civic Education curriculum in high schools, this research direction can be divided into two research directions, namely the research on the application of IT in teaching the Civic Education subject under the 2006 PE program with the orientation of: develop student competence and research on orientations of IT application in teaching Civic Education under the curriculum in 2018 in line with the development orientation of student competence In general, the above studies have confirmed the important role of information technology in teaching Civic Education (2006 Program) and Technical Education & Legal Education (2018 Program) in the direction of developing student competence The issue of access and research of the authors is quite diverse: From the problem of using ICT in the implementation of the 2006 Civic Education curriculum in the direction of developing student competence to the orientation of using IT in teaching the curriculum the course of Civic Education in 2018 in order to meet the requirements for PC and human resources of this subject; Research on fostering ICT capacity for students majoring in Civic Education at pedagogical schools and teachers of Civic Education at high schools These studies are very valuable documents for the author in the process of researching the application of IT in teaching Civic Education subject to the development of student competence in high schools today Sub-conclusion of Chapter I Through the review of research works related to the application of IT in teaching, the application of IT in teaching the subject of general education in the direction of developing student competence of the authors in the world and in Vietnam, the author found that The authors all have profound comments on the role and importance of ICT in education in general and on the effectiveness of teaching CD education in particular; All confirmed that IT application is a trend and an indispensable requirement for the educational innovation process Basic issues of IT application in teaching CDE subjects such as the position and role of IT in teaching management of CDE subjects, forms, levels, principles and methods of applying IT in teaching CDET subjects, etc has been studied by the authors at different levels, has important implications for teachers and students in the process of teaching and learning CDE at high schools At the same time, these studies have special significance for the author in the process of researching the theoretical basis of the application of IT in teaching Civic Education subject to the development of student competence in high schools However, although the researches on the application of IT in teaching in general and in teaching the subject of general education in particular have been studied from many different angles, they mainly focus on the use of information technology to achieve goals achieve the goals to be achieved in students in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes according to the knowledge and skills standards of the subject in teaching management or increase the intuitiveness and promote the activeness of learners Meanwhile, teaching in the direction of developing learners' competence is a popular trend of education in countries around the world, especially in countries with a developed education background In particular, in Vietnam, the specific research on the application of IT to develop the specific competencies of students in teaching subjects under the 2018 National Education Program, including Civic Education at high schools, is still quite new , has not been paid much attention and research investment by many authors Therefore, research on this issue will contribute to finding measures to effectively apply and exploit IT for the process of forming and developing students' competence in teaching management of this subject at high schools Therefore, the thesis author will continue to study the following issues: Firstly, clarify some theoretical and practical issues of applying IT in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence Second, survey and evaluate the current status of the application of IT in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools Third, propose a number of principles and measures to effectively implement of IT application in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools Fourth, organize pedagogical experiments to effectively evaluate the measures proposed in the thesis Chapter II THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN TEACHING CIVIC EDUCATION IN THE DIRECTION OF DEVELOPING STUDENT’S COMPETENCE AT HIGH SCHOOLS 2.1 Theoretical basis of the information technology application in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools 2.1.1 Application of information technology in teaching 2.1.1.1 The concept of information technology application in teaching On the basis of an overview of the concept of application, concept of information technology and teaching, according to the author, it can be understood that the application of IT in teaching is the use of achievements of IT in order to effectively build, adjust and exploit information resources into teaching activities to improve the effectiveness of these activities 2.1.1.2 Trends in the information technology application in teaching The following key trends are included: - Trends in IT application in education digital transformation - Trends in IT application to innovate teaching organization and teaching methods - Trends in IT application to innovate examining and assessing methods - Trends of IT application in smart education and education ecosystem - Modern technology and application of artificial intelligence in education 2.1.1.3 The role of information technology in teaching It is possible to summarize some of the most basic roles of IT in teaching as follows: - IT provides a rich and diverse source of digital learning materials for teaching activities - IT helps to diversify forms of teaching organization, improve the efficiency of using teaching methods - IT helps to innovate the examining and assessing methods, and improve the effectiveness of examining and assessing methods in teaching - IT creates diverse learning conditions for learners - IT facilitates self-study and self-improvement of teachers - IT contributes to creating interest in learning and skills of learners - IT supports teachers to carry out teaching and education to develop students' capacities and qualities in a convenient and effective way 2.1.2 Information technology application in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence at high schools 2.1.2.1 Competency and capacity development-oriented teaching * The concept of competence: In the 2018’s General General Education Program, competency is defined as "an individual attribute that is formed and developed through existing qualities and learning and training processes, allowing people to mobilize synthesis of knowledge, skills and other personal attributes such as interest, belief, will, etc, to successfully perform a certain type of activity, achieve desired results in specific conditions” [32, p.37] * Teaching oriented to develop competence: Different from teaching program approaching content, oriented competence teaching program focuses on describing output competence, can be considered as the 11 the quality of IT application in teaching Civic Education in particular and to raise the quality and effectiveness of learning in general Sub-conclusion of Chapter II Looking at the theoretical background shows that IT has an important part in the success of each country's education, in improving the teaching effectiveness of teachers and students The form of IT application in teaching Civic Education today is very diverse and rich The IT application in teaching Civic Education at high schools has more advantages than traditional teaching In particular, the application of IT in teaching not only helps teachers easily achieve the goals of knowledge, skills and attitudes towards students in the lesson, but also helps teachers facilitate the formation and development of general, specific competence in students Therefore, the application of IT in teaching Civic Education is an urgent requirement to advance the effectiveness of teaching and learning this subject at high schools, meeting the requirements of the current fundamental and comprehensive renovation of education and training To be able to apply IT in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence effectively, it not only requires Civic Education teachers to have a solid major knowledge base, have an understanding of IT and be able to apply IT achievements suitable for the subject, but also requires teachers to identify the competencies that need to be formed in students in the teaching Civic Education process, including common competencies (self-control and self-study capacity, communication and cooperation capacity, problem solving and creativity capacity) and the specific competencies of Civic Education (behavior adjustment, selfdevelopment, inquiry and participation in socio-economic activities) Besides, teachers also need to determine how to form and develop these competencies in students and assess the level of formation and development of students' competencies in the teaching process From theoretical issues, the author conducts a survey on the current status of IT application in teaching Civics Education at high schools to determine the practical basis of IT application in teaching civics-oriented development of student ‘s competence at high schools The study of the practical basis shows that at high schools, although both the Civics Education teachers and the students are aware of the need of applying IT in teaching Civics Education, in fact the level of IT application in teaching activities of teachers and students are still quite low, the application form is still quite monotonous, mainly for searching and performing, transferring the knowledge of Civics Education lesson, the effectiveness of IT application in teaching is not high There are many reasons leading to this situation such as: Leaders of high schools have not really concern about the application of IT in teaching Civics Education; the psychology of high school leaders, Civics Education teachers, and students still consider Civics Education as an "extra" subject, so there has been no proper investment and attention; Teachers of CDs have not yet mastered the principles and methods of applying IT in teaching Civics Education according to the orientation of developing students' competence; The level of IT application of teachers and students is still limited,etc Theoretical and practical foundations of the application of IT in teachingCivics Education according to the development orientation of student’s competence show the urgency of the application IT in teaching Civics Education at high schools aimed to contribute to the formation and development of students general and specific competencies of Civics Education So, educational management levels, teachers and students need to concern and invest so that the application of IT is done more, application manners needs to be associated with the formation and competence of students at high school 12 Chapter III PRINCIPLES AND MEASURES TO APPLY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING CIVIC EDUCATION IN THE DIRECTION OF DEVELOPING STUDENT’S COMPETENCE AT HIGH SCHOOLS 3.1 The principles of the application of information technology in teaching Civic Education at high schools according to students' capacity development The application of information technology in teaching Civic Education is an urgent requirement to contribute to the innovation of the teaching system, teaching methods, improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning this subject according to the orientation of the student's competence development According to the author, to improve the effectiveness of IT application in teaching Civic Education according to the students' competence development, teachers must ensure the basic principles in teaching Civic Education Teachers also need to ensure the principles of IT application to contribute to the formation and development of students' competencies On that basis, the application of IT in teaching Civic Education in the orientation of developing students' competence needs to ensure several basic principles as follows: 3.1.1 Principles of ensuring subject objectives The objectives of the Civic Education curriculum at high schools in 2006 which was proposed before the occurrence of the official dispatch No.5512/BGDĐT-GDTrH were identified as the goals of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes These goals are generally defined quite clearly according to the standards of knowledge and skills of each lesson in the Civic Education scheme, Grade 10th, 11th, and 12th Ensuring the subject objectives during the process of applying IT, it asks the Civic Education teachers to determine that IT application is an environment and a tool to support teachers during the process of teaching this subject which is aimed to achieve the goals of the lesson, not the target In the process of applying IT in teaching Civic Education following the student's competence development, teachers firstly must determine the requirements need achieving related to students' competence after completing the lesson/topic, and then combine the application of IT with teaching methods, teaching methods, teaching techniques to organize learning activities for students to achieve the requirements at the correctly and sufficiently That is to help teachers avoid applying IT unsuccessfully (below the standard) or much over the requirements of the lesson for students 3.1.2 Principles of focusing on organizing learning activities for students In the teaching process of according to the orientation of students' capacity development, organizing learning activities plays an important role in forming and developing students' competence because students' competencies can only be formed and developed while students participate in learning activities Therefore, to form and develop students' competencies, teachers cannot present lectures by applying IT to impart knowledge to students, but teachers need to pay more attention when applying IT to organize learning activities for students at all stages: Students apply IT to prepare new lessons before going to class; Students apply IT to participate in learning activities, make reports, and exchange lesson content in class; Students apply IT to review the last lesson and widen the lesson at home Thus, IT will be an environment, a tool, and a method for students to use for their learning activities so that students can form and develop common and specific competencies of Civic Education 3.1.3 Principle of ensuring that Information technology devices and teaching software must be easy to use for teachers and students 13 Ease of use is a requirement for teachers and students when applying IT in teaching in general and in teaching CDT in particular This requires the selected teaching equipment to be easy to operate, easy to use, highly configurable; PMDHs must have an easy-to-use, highly intuitive interface Currently, basic teaching equipment in high schools such as computers, projectors, television screens, etc are quite familiar and easy to use for teachers and students Besides, some commonly used PMDHs such as PowerPoint, Video Editor, Google Meet, Zooms, Azota, Padlet, Quizizz, all have quite simple, intuitive and easy-to-use interfaces for teachers and HS In addition, there are some software such as SPSS, IATA that have many practical and effective features in assessing students' learning outcomes, but due to difficulty in using, very few teachers choose 3.1.4 Principles of providing digital learning resources for students in the teaching process Among the subjects in high school, CDD is the most direct and profound party subject In order to ensure the orientation of digital learning resources in the process of applying IT to teaching the subject of civic education in the direction of student competence development, teachers need to pay special attention in the selection of information related to lessons, images, video by the source of this information, images, and clip illustrations are mainly collected by teachers through the Internet, but now on the Internet there are many news sites, blogs, etc of hostile and anti-destructive forces Our Party and State go against the interests of the entire nation 3.2 Methods of applying information technology in teaching Civic Education at high schools according to students' capacity development 3.2.1 Method to prepare conditions for applying information technology in teaching Civic Education 3.2.1.1 Preparation of facilities for information technology application The preparation of physical facilities for IT application plays a role in ensuring that there are sufficient conditions for facilities and facilities in the direction of modernization to meet the needs and requirements of the application ICT in teaching Civic Education 3.2.1.2 Fostering and improving the level of information technology application for teachers of civic education The fostering and improving the level of IT application in teaching is an urgent requirement for all teachers in general and teachers of Civic Education in high schools in particular This not only orients the goal of building a team of qualified teachers in IT application to achieve knowledge goals, but also orients the formation and development of common PCs, competencies, and specific competencies of the students subject of Civic Education, meeting the requirements of fundamental and comprehensive reform of education and training 3.2.1.3 Building an online learning management system (LMS) LMS stands for Learing Management System, translated into Vietnamese means Online Learning Management System In essence, this is an application software that allows the management and operation of the system of documents, instructions, monitoring, reporting and provision of electronic education technologies (also known as online education) E-Learning) for courses or training programs.3.2.2 Methods of applying the information technology in designing teaching activities Civic Education at high schools according to students' capacity development 3.2.2 Measures to apply information technology to prepare for the teaching process of Civic Education in the direction of developing students' capacity in high schools 14 The author proposes measures to apply IT to prepare for teaching management of Civic Education subject to the orientation of developing student competence in high schools as follows: * First: Teachers need to accurately determine the goal of teaching about competence for students in the planning of the topic/lesson of Civic Education * Second: Determining how to develop oriented competence for students through the planning of topics/lessons of Civic Education * Third: Estimated plan for applying IT in the business plan of the subject/lesson of Civic Education in order to develop student competence * Fourth: Selecting teaching software to design learning activities for students in the teaching plan to develop student competence * Thursday: Test run of Ministry of Education and Training, repair and complete 3.2.3.Methods of applying the information technology in teaching Civic Education at high schools according to the students' capacity development 3.2.3.1 Applying information technology to organize opening activities The application of IT in the process of organizing the opening activities of the lesson on Civic Education not only helps teachers create a positive learning attitude for students, leading students into new lessons, but also helps teachers initially develop skills in the classroom Students such as communication and cooperation skills (through answering and discussing opening questions), behavior adjustment skills (students are initially aware of behavioral standards related to the lesson), 3.2.3.2 Applying IT to organize activities to form new knowledge In the series of activities of teaching Civic Education, the formation of new knowledge is the activity that plays the most basic role Depending on the ability and qualifications of the teacher along with the combination of teaching methods and teaching methods at different levels, each teacher will achieve different teaching results With the application of IT in the organization of activities to form new knowledge, depending on the purpose of each small activity, teachers will apply IT in different forms and levels Therefore, the results obtained will also be different 3.2.3.3 Applying IT to organize practice activities The application of information technology in the practice activities of the teaching of Civic Education not only helps students to form and develop common competencies through participating in learning activities with different teaching methods and techniques organized by teachers, but also help students continue to achieve the component competencies of specific competencies in the civic education subject such as the ability to evaluate their own and others' behavior in the behavior adjustment capacity (students evaluate the behavior of others in situations caused by The ability to learn about socio-economic phenomena in the capacity to learn and participate in socio-economic activities (students can explain some current phenomena, civic issues) in Vietnam and around the world) 3.2.3.4 Applying IT to organize application activities In the process of implementing application activities with the use of IT, through the application requirements/tasks given by teachers to students, students will use IT to perform these requirements and tasks in many ways such as searching on tools such as Google, YouTube or searching and exchanging information on forums, etc This not only enriches students' knowledge but also contributes to the development of search skills information search, development of students' self-study ability, problemsolving ability of students.3.2.4 Methods of applying the information technology in examining and 15 evaluating teaching activities of Civic Education at high schools according to students' capacity development Besides promoting the advantages of IT in the assessment of Students' learning results, teachers also need to pay attention to list testing questions more comprehensively, the special point is to assess students' skills and attitudes, and student's ability to apply knowledge to solve practical problems related to the lesson 3.2.4 Measures to apply information technology to test and evaluate the learning outcomes of Civic Education subject to the orientation of developing students' capacity in high schools Besides promoting the advantages of IT in assessing students' learning outcomes through the use of testing and assessment software, teachers also need to pay attention to investing in their test questions/exercises to have can be assessed more comprehensively, about the component competencies of the general and specific competencies of Civic Education In particular, focus on assessing the ability to apply knowledge of topics/lessons in the subject of Civic Education to participate in activities and solve reallife problems appropriate to the age of students Sub-conclusion of Chapter III In this chapter, on the basis of determining the principles of applying IT in teaching the subject of Civic Education in the direction of student competence development, the author has proposed measures to apply IT in teaching this subject towards the development of student competence in high schools, including: Group of measures on IT application conditions; IT application measures to prepare for teaching management; measures to apply IT to organize teaching activities and measures to apply IT to assess students' learning outcomes in teaching Civic Education subject to the development of student competence in high schools All these measures are always open in terms of technology, teachers can flexibly use information technology devices, teaching software, and digital learning materials to suit the application level own IT, physical facilities of students' families, themselves and the school in order to achieve the highest efficiency in teaching Civic Education in the direction of developing students'competence 16 Chapter IV EXPERIMENTING WITH THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN TEACHING CIVIC EDUCATION IN THE DIRECTION OF DEVELOPING STUDENT’S COMPETENCE AT HIGH SCHOOLS 4.1 Experimental plan 4.1.1 Experimental purpose The author conducts a pedagogical experiment to test the effectiveness and feasibility of the application IT in teaching Civic Education at high schools according to the orientation of developing students' competence 4.1.2 Experimental objects The experiment was carried out with 796 11th-grade students in the school years 2020 - 2021 at the top high schools below: Tan Trao High School (Tuyen Quang City, Tuyen Quang Province); Soc Son High School (Soc Son District, Hanoi City); Cam Giang High School (Cam Giang district, Hai Duong province); Yen Dung High School (Yen Dung district, Bac Giang province); Gia Vien B High School (Gia Vien District, Ninh Binh Province) - The experiment is conducted in the school year 2020-2021 We choose classes for each school (1 experimental class and standard class) In the first experiment, we choose 10 classes from schools (5 experimental classes with a total of 401 students and standard classes with a total of 395 students); In the second experiment, 10 classes were also selected from schools (5 experimental classes with a total of 401 students and standard classes with a total of 395 students) The total number of experimental and standard classes of two years of the experiment is 20 classes (10 experimental classes and 10 standard classes), the total number of students participating in experimental classes is 802 students, and standard classes are 790 students 4.1.3 Experimental teachers During the experiment, teachers whose major is Civic Education who were graduated from pedagogical universities, have teaching experience of years or more, have good morals, responsibility, and enthusiasm at work, proficient in the application of IT in teaching Civic Education, supported and actively participated in the process of applying IT in the innovation of teaching methods of Civic Education 4.1.4 Experimental content Due to the limitations in conditions and timeline of the thesis as well as the actual operation process of high schools, we designed topic 1: "Competition in the market economy" and topic : "Supply and demand in the market economy" for students at the 11th-grade Civic Education at high schools to participate in experiments The experimental classes are taught according to the flipped classroom model, and standard classes are taught in the traditional methods 4.2 Experimental methods and preparation 4.2.1 Experimental method Sticking to the theoretical basis presented in chapter and the methods presented in chapter 3, we decide to conduct experiments with the proposed methods in the chapter Before teaching experiments, we have a 45-minute test to check the initial input competence of the experimental and standard classes, use it as a database to compare the similarity of the experimental and classes, and compare the development of students' competence before and after teaching experiments In order to prepare the training plan for the experimental and standard classes, we set up a simulation plan, 17 build detailed teaching schedule for experimental and standard classes ,while the experimental classes will be applied the information technology in teaching process to achieve the teaching goals of knowledge, skills, attitudes and on track of the orientation of developing students' competence; With the standard classes, the traditional method will be conducted, without applying IT to achieve the usual knowledge, skills and attitude goals The experiment was conducted twice After each experiment, we hold a meeting to discuss, collect opinions, synthesize and process test results of the experimental and standard classes, by mathematical methods The experimental results were analyzed by both qualitative and quantitative methods 4.2.2 The experimental preparation process/the preparation process of experiment The experimental preparation process includes: Choosing experimental schools; Selecting experimental and standard objects; Preparing conditions for experimentation, building a rating scale to evaluate students' ability after applying IT in teaching Civic Education at high schools; Training teachers on experimental teaching methods, and participating in collaboration before conducting experiments; Selecting a mean of experimental result processing 4.3 Experimental implementation 4.3.1 Survey of input capacity Before conducting the experiment, we conduct a survey on the level of initial competence of students in the experimental group and the standard group The survey was conducted twice: the first time is at the beginning of the 2018 - 2019 school year and the second time is at the beginning of the 2019 - 2020 school year through the use of a combination of objective multiple-choice questions with essay questions After conducting two surveys, we synthesize and process the results The results of the survey for both times show that the level of initial input competence of the experimental and standard groups is similar, shown in the following table: Table 4.3: Summary of frequency distribution of competency assessment scores of students in the experimental and standard groups without pedagogical impact EXPERIMENTAL CLASS STANDARD CLASS POINT Frequency of appearance Total score Percentag e Frequency of appearance Total score Ratio % 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 24 1.99 21 1.77 33 132 8.23 30 120 7.59 116 580 28.93 113 565 28.61 129 774 32.17 128 768 32.41 71 497 17.71 69 483 17.47 36 288 8.98 39 312 9.87 18 72 1.99 81 2.28 10 0 0.00 0 0.00 Total 401 2367 100.00 395 2350 100.00 Table 4.4: Competence level of students in both the experimental and standard groups without pedagogical impact Group Total number of lessons Number of lessons, level (%) Level Level Level Level Experimental Classes 401 41 10.22% 245 61.10% 107 26.68 % 2.00% Standard Classes 395 37 9.37% 241 % 108 27.34% 2.28% Table 4.5: Characteristic parameters of the assessment of input competence of students in the standard group and the students in the experimental group without pedagogical impact Characteristic parameters Experimental Class Standard Class Average mark (x) 5.90 5.94 Standard error (m) 0.09 0.09 Standard deviation (S) 1.23 1.23 CV coefficient of variation (%) 20.8 20.7 4.3.2 Experimental results We conducted the 1st experiment in the 1st semester, the 2018 - 2019 school year, the 2nd experiment in the 1st semester, the 2019 - 2020 school year After finishing each experimental and standard lesson, we proceed to evaluate the competence of students in both experimental and standard groups through test No and test No The synthesis of the results of the 1st experiment and the 2nd experiment is shown by means of the synthesis of test results No.1 and Test results No Table 4.6: Summary of frequency distribution of competency assessment scores of students in the experimental and standard groups in the test No.1 POINT Experimental Class Standard Class Frequency of occurrence Total points Ratio % Frequency of occurrence Total points Ratio % 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 15 1.27 ... learning conditions for learners - IT facilitates self-study and self-improvement of teachers - IT contributes to creating interest in learning and skills of learners - IT supports teachers to carry... make statistics and analyze the data in the process of pedagogical experiment Need -to -be -defended arguments - The teaching of Civic Education in the direction of developing student’s competence... experiment was carried out with 796 11th-grade students in the school years 2020 - 2021 at the top high schools below: Tan Trao High School (Tuyen Quang City, Tuyen Quang Province); Soc Son High School