ninh bình một vùng sơn thủy hữu tình

Mdt cdng trinh thU 9 la dien Can Nguyen: "Ndm Nhdm Thin 992 Id ndm thU ba nien hieu Hung Thong, mua xudn vua ngu a Idu Cdn Nguyen de xem den"^'^\ Niii Dai Van n i m d ngay phia sau khu

161b Ly Chinh Thang - Quan 3 - TP Ho Chi Minh Di?n thoai: 9316211 • 8465595 - 8465596 - 9316289' Fax: 84.8.8437450

E-mail: nxbtre@hcm.vnn.vn

PHAN I

KHAI QUAT VE DIA LY, UCH Sir NINH BINH

MQT VUNG SON THUY HUV T)NH

N i n h Binh la mot t i n h co dien tich g a n 1.400km^ \6\

so dan t r e n 93 van ngUcri, phia B i c va Dong Bac giap t i n h

Ha Nam va Nam Dinh, phia Tay va Tay Bac giap tinh Hoa Binh, phia Nam va Tay N a m giap t i n h T h a n h Hda, phia Dong Nam giap bien Dong

Ninh Binh hien nay co 6 huyen: Hoa Lu, Gia Viin, Nho Quan, Yen K h a n h , Yen Mo, Kim Scfn va 2 thi xa: thi xa Ninh Binh, thi xa Tam Diep Thi xa Ninh Binh la do thi loai

3 - trung t a m chinh tri, k i n h t e , van hoa cua tinh

Dia hinh Ninh Binh p h a n t h a n h 3 viing ro ret Vung nui

da voi a phia Tay, b a t nguon tii viing rvfng nui Hoa Binh

chay theo hudng Tay BSc - Dong Nam tien ra bien Dong,

CO 10.400ha rCmg tU nhien, t r e n 20.000ha dien tich nui da, chiem khoang 22,5% dien tich tU nhien ciia tinh NhOfng day niii da voi nay dUoc h i n h t h a n h each day hcfn 200 trieu n a m

do qua trinh tao scfn Thdi gian ket hcfp vdi luong nUdc miTa

da tao nen hang t r a m h a n g dong da voi nUdc va kho ky thii

n h u khu hang dong T r a n g An, Tam Coc, Bich Dong, Dich Long, Van Trinh, T a m Giao, Hoa Som, B a n Long Nhiing hang dong noi tieng nay da trd t h a n h cac diem tham quan

du lich ciia du khach trong va ngoai nUdc Do la nhiing tai nguyen du lich r a t phong phu va doc dao Mot so day nui da voi con duac khai thae de l a m vat lieu xay dung va la nguon nguyen lieu v6 t a n cung cap cho cac Nha may xi m a n g d Ninh Binh Do cung la mot the m a n h trong p h a t trien kinh

te cua Ninh Binh

Thuf hai la viing dong chiem trung d cac huyen Nho Quan, Gia Viin, Hoa Lif, Yen Mo co dien tich Idn n h a t tao dieu kien de p h a t trien nong nghiep

Thuf ba la vung dong bang ven bien d huyen Kim Scfn, Yen K h a n h va phia Nam huyen Yen Mo VCing nay ngay cang t a n g them dien tich, vi Ninh Binh co 15 km bd bien,

do phu sa boi d i p , h a n g n a m tien r a bien t\i 80 den 100m

tao nen vung dat boi phi nhieu, mau md

Cd the ndi, dia h i n h ciia Ninh Binh m a n g day du cac yeu to' dia hinh cua dat nUdc nhU: niii, doi, riing, song, dong bang, bien - ' Ninh Binh lai cd dudng giao thong thuy, bp r a t thuan lai Dudng bp, cd dudng quoc 16 l A theo tuyen Bac - Nam dai han 30 km Con dudng nay cd nhieu doan trung vdi dudng Thien ly xifa de r a Bac vao Nam r a t quan trong, cho nen

n a m Minh Menh thuf 2 (1821), vua da tuan du ra Bac ddng

t r e n dinh niii Due Thuy ngam nhin bon phia ndi rang: "Ddt

Ninh Binh la ludi Id co hong cua Bde ky"^^\ Ngoai ra Ninh

Binh cdn cd dudng quoc 16 10, dUdng 12A, dUdng 12B va dudng s a t xuyen Viet dai t r e n 20 km

Ve dudng thuy, Ninh Binh cd mot s6' s6ng Idn nhU song Day, song Hoang Long Cac con sdng nay, ngay tiT dau the

ky XI, vao t h a n g 7 (am lich), dau mua thu n a m Canh Tuat (1010) vua Ly Thai T6' da di qua de ddi do tii Hoa Lu ra Thang Long Cac song nhd d Ninh Binh cd r a t nhieu, ndi lien vdi cac sdng Idn tao t h a n h m a n g ludi giao thdng thuy

r a t thuan lai cho viec giao luu p h a t trien kinh te - xa hoi Hien nay, ve dan tpc, Ninh Binh cd hai dan tpc chinh la Kinh va Mudng NgUdi Mudng cd gan 2 van, sdng xen ke vdi

(1) "Ninh Binh toan tinh dia chi khao bien" cua N g u y i n Tuf f ^ l n - NXB Chinh trj quoc gia - Ha Noi 2001 - tr.40

MOT VUNG SON THUY HUU TINH

ngudi Kinh d mot so' xa trong huyen Nho Quan, chiem 1,7%

d a n so' t o a n tinh

N i n h Binh la tinh cd con ngUdi cu tru r a t sdm Cac n h a

k h a o CO hoc da p h a t hien xuang, r a n g ngUdi co hda t h a c h

d h a n g T h u n g Lang (nay thudc phudng N a m San, thi xa

Tam Diep), cd nien dai each chung t a tii 3 van n a m thudc

thdi Hau ky do da cu Dong Ngudi Xua d Vudn quoc gia Cue Phuang cd ba ngdi mp co' ciia ngudi nguyen thiiy sdng each

ngay nay tii 7.000 den 8.000 n a m , thudc Van hda Hda Binh

trong thdi ky do da mdi

Di chi Man Bac d xa Yen T h a n h (Yen Md) mdi khai quat vao t h a n g 3 n a m 1999 tim t h a y 5 ngoi mp vdi 6 bd xUang (3 ngudi Idn, 3 tre em) va nhieu hien vat khac ciia ngUdi co

song each day tii 3.000 den 3.500 n a m , thudc sa ky thdi dai

kim khi, n a m d giai doan cudi thdi nguyen thiiy Dieu dd chiing minh Ninh Binh la vung dat co, da cd con ngUdi cU

tru I'at sdm tii thdi Hau ky do da cu

Ninh Binh cdn p h a t hien difgc 6 chiec t r d n g dong, trong

dd cd 2 chiec'" loai I - goi la trdng dong Ddng San, each ngay nay khoang 4.000 nam Cdn 4 trd'ng dong khac thudc loai II, cdn duac gpi la trd'ng Mudng Dieu dd cung k h a n g dinh Ninh Binh la mot trong nhufng viing dat da gdp p h a n tao dung n e n qudc gia Van Lang ciia cac vua Hung va nUdc

Au Lac do An Duang Vuang Thuc P h a n t h a n h lap vao giOta the ky 3 trade cdng nguyen

O d a t Ninh Binh, con ngudi xua'^t hien r a t sdm va cung la

(1) N a m 1968, tai chan nui xa Yen Quang, huyen Nho Quan tim dU0c 1 chiec

N a m 1994 tgi thon Thach La, xa Thach Binh, huyen Nho Quan tim dUOc chiec trong d o n g lo^ii I thif hai

nai ngudi Ninh Binh t h a m gia dau t r a n h gianh doc lap tU do

ngay tii thdi ky TrUng Niif Vuang (40-43)

Theo truyen thuyet, tii vi Hong Nuang d xa Gia Van, huyen Gia V i i n ngay nay da d e n Me Linh cung Hai Ba TrUng chien dau chdng quan H a n (Trung Qud'c) deu duac phong lam tudng

Theo t h a n pha d den Ddng Hdi thudc xa Ninh An, huyen Hoa Lu, de t r a thu nha, den na nUdc Ddng But, Dieu Vu va Ngpc NU T r a n Hoa cung 500 quan si quanh vung da keo ve

H a t Giang theo Hai Ba TrUng d a n h dudi Td Dinh

Den nhUng n a m dau the ky X, tii lang Dai HUu, chau Dai

Hoang (nay la thdn Van Bdng, xa Gia Phuang, huyen Gia Viin), Dinh Cdng Trd da vao Chau Ai (Thanh Hda) tham gia cudc khdi nghia ciia Duang Dinh Nghe va dugc giao cai quan Chau Hoan (nay thudc Nghe An),

Thdi Ngd Quyen, Dinh Cdng Truf v I n lam Thd sut Chau Hoan Sau khi dng mat, con cua Dinh Cdng Trd la Dinh Bp Linh da theo me la Dam Thi (ngUdi va hai ciia Dinh Cdng Truf) bd Chau Hoan ve ddng Hoa LU (la Thung Lau va viing dat quanh dd, nay thudc thdn Mai Phuang, xa Gia HUng, huyen Gia Vien), nUang t h a n vdi dng chii rupt la Dinh Thiic Du

Tai dong Hoa Lu, tii cd lau t a p t r a n , Dinh Bp Linh da dep

yen loan 12 suf quan, non sdng thu ve mdt mdi, dat nUdc trd lai thdng nhat N a m 968, Dinh Bd Linh len ngdi Hoang de, goi la Dinh Tien Hoang, dat ten nUdc la Dai Co Viet Dinh Tien Hoang chpn Hoa Lu (xa Trudng Yen, huyen

Hoa Lu ngay nay) la vung niii non ky thii nhung hiem trd

de lam Kinh dd - "Kinh do Bd"

Sach Dai Viet sii lugc (khuyet d a n h thdi Tran) cd ghi:

"Den ndm thi2 nhdt nien hieu Khai Bdo (968) ddi vua Trieu Id Tong Thdi To, Vuang xiing Hodng de a dgng Hoa Li/"' Rdi dung cung dien, che trieu nghi, sdp dat trdm quan, lap xd tdc vd ton hieu Id "Bai Thdng Minh Hodng De"'^'

N h a suf hoc Le V a n Huu (1230-1322), trong cud'n Dai Viet

sa ky, khi ban ve Dinh Tien Hoang cd viet: "Tien Hodng vdi tdi ndng sdng suot han ngUai, dUng lugc bac nhdt thien hg., ddm duang liic nUac Viet ta khong co chu, cdc hiing triiang cdt cvC khdp nai, mot Idn cic sU, mUai hai sd qudn deu thdn phuc hit The roi md nUdc, dUng do, doi nien hieu, xUng Hodng de, dgt trdm quan, lap sdu qudn, che do gdn du"^^K

Nguyin Trai (1380-1442) la bac dai t h i hao dau tien ciia

dan tdc, trong cudn Dia du chi cung ghi: "Dinh (Dinh Bo

Linh) ggi nUdc Id Dgi Co Viet, dong do a Hoa Lu Hoa Lu xUa Id Bai Hodng, bdy gid Id phu Triiang Yen"^*\

Tai day, dng cho xay cung dien, d a t trieu nghi, dap t h a n h , dao hao, dUa vao the nui xay dUng mdt cdng trinh phdng ngU kien cd' n h u mdt phao dai hiem, biet lap vdi ben ngoai Kinh do H o a Lu la k i n h dd d a u t i e n t r o n g n e n v a n

m i n h Dai Viet ciia phong k i e n t a p quyen d nUdc ta

(1) Dong khong co nghia la hang d o n g , ma la ten de gpi mot khu vUc cU tru cua dong bao mien nui Thdi Dinh Bp Linh c h i c Hoa L u la khu vUc cU tru c u a dong bao M u d n g , va lai khi ay cung chua co s u phan hoa ro ret giiJa ngudi

M u d n g vdi ngudi Kinh nhU tCf the ky XIV trd di (theo Dinh Gia Khanh trong cuon

"Truyen hay nUdc Viet" N X B T h o n g tin - Ha Noi - 1988)

(2) "Dai Viet sCr lupc" - NXB TP Ho Chi Minh - 1993 - Trang 90

(3) " v a n thd Ly Tran" - T a p II - Q u y e n Thupng - N X B KHXH - Ha Noi - 1998

- T r 3 6 1

(4) " N g u y i n Trai toan tap" (In lan thir 2) NXB KHXH - Ha Noi - 1976 - Tr.216

Kinh dd Hoa Lu cd dien tich t r a i rdng khoang 300 ha,

n a m gpn trong dia p h a n xa TrUdng Yen ngay nay, duac bao quanh bdi hang loat niii da vdng cung, canh quan hiing vi Trung t a m ciia Kinh dd Hoa Lu xUa ngay nay la khu vUc hai ngdi den thd vua Dinh Tien Hoang va vua Le Dai H a n h

Dgi Nam nhdt thong chi cd viet: "Do cu nhd Dinh, nhd

Le a xd Truang Yen Thugng vd Truang Yen Hg co Thdnh Noi vd Thdnh Ngogi"^'^K

Kinh dd Hoa Lu la mdt quan t h a n h vUng chac do thien nhien va con ngUdi lam nen Khac vdi mpi dd t h a n h da xay dung t r e n dat nUdc ta, t h a n h Hoa Lu gom nhUng day niii da vdi va cac tUdng t h a n h n h a n tao dan xen, ndi lien vdi nhau,

n h a p nhd tao n e n mot dd t h a n h ddc dao ma khdng nai nao

cd duac Vua Dinh Tien Hoang da biet khai thae triet de thien nhien de phuc vu cho con ngUdi Ldi kien true nay da tiet kiem tdi da suTc ngUdi, sufc ciia Chi can bit kin cac vach nui, nghia la dap t h e m nhufng tUdng t h a n h nhan tao de ndi cac day niii lai vdi nhau la cd nhUng vdng t h a n h vd ciing

ky vi va kien cd' Chieu dai ciia cac niii tao nen t h a n h thien nhien khoang 8km

Sau nhieu lan nghien cufu va khai quat, da k h a n g dinh Kinh dd Hoa Lu cd 13 doan tudng t h a n h n h a n tao

T h a n h Ngoai cd 4 doan tudng t h a n h n h a n tao n a m d dia phan thdn Yen Thuang va thdn Yen Thanh, xa TrUdng Yen

Ve phia Ddng Kinh dd Hoa Lu cd hai doan: Mdt doan ndi tii

nui Dam sang niii Thanh Lau Tii niii Thanh Lau lai cd mot

doan tudng t h a n h ndi sang niii Cdt Cd, gpi chung la Tudng

(1) "Dai Nam nhat thong c h f - NXB KHXH - Ha Noi - 1971

MOT VUNG SON THUY HUV TINH

Ddng Tudng Bac n a m ve phia Bac Kinh dd Hoa Lu cung cd hai doan: Mdt doan tCr nui Cdt Cd ndi den niii Che, doan nOa

tii niii Che ndi den niii Cha

Phia Bac t h a n h ndi cd hai tudng t h a n h : TCf niii Hang To sang niii C a n h H a n va tii mil Canh H a n sang niii Sau Cai Hai doan tUdng t h a n h nay gpi chung la Tudng Den Doan tif niii c a n h H a n den niii Sau Cai dai n h a t la 500m

Ngoai ra cdn cd bay tudng t h a n h n h a n t a o nUa Tudng

Bim ndi tii nui Cd Giai sang niii Mong Mang, n g a n n h a t

cung 65m Tudng Bo ndi tiT nui Mong Mang sang nui Quen

Ddt Tudng Vau ndi tii nui H a n g Quan s a n g niii Ma Yen

Tudng Ngdi Chem ndi td niii Hang Quan den niii Dai Van Tudng Quen Thung Mdc ndi tif niii H a n g Ludn sang nui Thung Mdc Tudng Vau khu T h a n h Trong ndi tU nui Chua Thii sang nui Hang Sung Tudng Nam d phia Nam Kinh dd Hoa LU<"

Chieu dai cua cac tUdng t h a n h n h a n t a o k h o a n g 2km NhUng tudng t h a n h n h a n tao nay duac d a p k h a cao tiJ 8 den 10m, cd doan xay kin bang dat ken gach, chan t h a n h

bd gach, cd doan phia trong xay gach, phia ngoai dap dat,

cd doan dap da l l n dat va cd doan dap toan bang dat Mdng

t h a n h cd doan duac lat bang nhufng doan gd Hien nay dau vet ciia 13 tuyen tudng t h a n h van cdn

Tudng t h a n h thien nhien la cac day niii, cd ngon niii nhU Mdng Mang cao den hon 200m, lam cho tUdng t h a n h Kinh

dd Hoa Lu cao khdng deu, n h a p nhd nhung be t h e , hoanh trang Vi t h e , vai trd cua nhUng day nui Idn d Kinh dd Hoa

(1) Theo Dang Cong Nga - "Kinh do Hoa Lu thdi Dinh - Tien Le" - S6 VHTT

Lu r a t quan trong Cd the ndi tUdng t h a n h Hoa Lu la tUdng

t h a n h cua tao hda va con ngudi

Hien nay nhOng tUdng t h a n h n h a n tao d Kinh dd Hoa Lu xUa khdng cdn nUa Nhieu ngUdi cho rkng Kinh dd Hoa Lu khdng cdn t h a n h cd NhUng thUc r a t h a n h cd Hoa Lu v i n cdn Dii trai qua hcfn mdt nghin nam, chiu mUa n a n g ciia dat

trdi khac nghiet, nd v i n cdn dang dufng dd, "tra gan cdng

tue nguyet", khdng phai khai quat, khdng phai trung tu, dai

tu Dd la nhUng day niii dung lam tUdng t h a n h Hoa Lu xa xUa v i n cdn giU nguyen cac ten gpi nhU da cd, chinh la mdt

p h a n cdn lai mudn ddi cua t h a n h cd Hoa Lu ma khdng bao gid mat di duac

Dinh Tien Hoang da r a t chii y d e n yeu td "thdnh" de

b ^ o ve k i n h dd P h i a Bac t h a n h n k m b e n s d n g H o a n g Long, cho nen dUdng giao thdng thiiy r a t t h u a n tien Day

la trung t a m chinh tri, kinh t e , v a n hda va la mot quan

t h a n h vUng c h i c

T h a n h Ngoai rong khoang 140ha, thudc dia p h a n thdn Yen Thuang va thdn Yen T h a n h , xa TrUdng Yen Day la nai xay dung nhufng cung dien chinh, ma khu vUc den Dinh, den Le la trung diem, la nai Dinh Tien Hoang c i m cd nUdc Trudc cac cung dien cd niii Ma Yen, tuang truyen, vua Dinh Tien Hoang lay nui nay lam an O thdn Yen T h a n h cd nhieu chiia va den, hien nay van cdn, la mdt p h a n kien true trong

khu cung dien chinh Dd la chiia N h a t Tru, duac xay til ddi

vua Le Dai Hanh TrUdc cufa chua cd cot kinh bang da hinh

t a m canh, k h i c bai "Kinh Ldng nghiem" Cach chua Nha't

Tru mdt doan la den P h a t Kim (thd cdng chiia Pha't Kim con gai vua Dinh Tien Hoang)

-Phia B i c Kinh dd Hoa Lu, g i n sdng Hoang Long (d vi tri

g i n cdng de TrUdng Yen - each den thd vua Le Dai H a n h

k h o a n g 2km) la chiia T h a p (hien nay khdng cdn), cd t h a p Bao Thien (Hien nay cdn dao t h a y r a t nhieu t a n g da cac loai ciia chua Thap)

G i n ben bd sdng Hoang Long d phia Ddng B i c Kinh dd Hoa Lu cd chua Ba Ngd Hien nay chua Ba Ngd da xay dUng lai, cdn giuf ducfc mdt bia da bdn m a t cao h a n Im, be ngang 0,5m deu cham khac chO H a n ghi cdng dufc nhOng ngUdi da Cling tien xay dUng chua d thdi gian trung tu

Chua Ba Ngd duac xay dung td thdi n h a Dinh Nam 1963, trong khi tri thiiy sdng Hoang Long, n h a n dan da dao duac mot sd cot kinh P h a t h i n h b a t giac, cham k h i c chuf Han, d

dd cd ghi: Dinh L i i n da lam 100 tda kinh P h a t de dang len chiia

T h a n h Ndi rdng hcfn T h a n h Ngoai, cd dien tich khoang 160ha, n a m d phia Tay B i c nay thudc thdn Chi Phong, xa Trudng Yen, cd ten ThU Nhi Xa hay Khd Nhi Xa, la nai d ciia gia dinh cac quan lai va lam kho Trong T h a n h Ndi cd

chiia Ngan duac xay dUng tii the ky X, hien nay qua nhieu

l i n triing tu v i n cdn

Gpi T h a n h Ndi, T h a n h Ngoai la gpi tii phia trong ra phia ngoai, chuf khdng phai chi cac vdng t h a n h phia trong hay phia ngoai, cung khdng m a n g y nghia la khu t h a n h phu hay khu t h a n h chinh

T h a n h Ndi va T h a n h Ngoai la hai khu vUc each biet nhung d sat canh nhau va cd the qua lai duac de dang nhd mot ngach niii an thdng gpi la Quen Vdng (Quen Vdng n i m

ve phia Tay Nam den Dinh hien nay - thudc da't thdn Chi Phong) Quen cao so vdi m a t dUdng khoang 5m, rdng g i n 10m Phia Nam quen la nui Quen Ddt Phia B i c quen la niii Phi Van Ngay nay n h a n dan da pha va h a t h a p quen xud'ng, chi cdn cao dp 1,5m va lam t h e m mdt con ngdi phia Nam quen de d i n nUdc 0 hai khu cd cdng Idn xay bang da,

cd hao sau, b i c nggmg qua hao sau la nhufng chiec c i u cung

bang da Ddng sdng Sao Khe chay tii sdng Hoang Long xudi

ve phia Nam, chay dpc qua Kinh dd Hoa Lu cd c i u Ddng, ciu Den Ciu Ddng lam b i n g da phien (hien nay da thay b i n g

xi mang cdt thep), b i c ngang qua sdng Sao Khe chay tiT sdng Hoang Long ve, n i m d phia B i c niii Hd Hien cdn hai chuf

H a n Idn: "Dong Kiiu" cham k h i c ndi d vach da nui Hd C i u

each den thd vua Le Dai H a n h ve hudng B i c khoang 600m

n a m d phia Ddng Kinh dd Hoa Lu, nen gpi la ciu Ddng C i u Den cung lam bang da phien b i c ngang qua sdng Sao Khe lui ve phia B i c , each ciu Ddng khoang 500m'"

Ben ngoai khu t h a n h d Kinh dd Hoa Lu cd nhieu t r a m gac bao ve Kinh t h a n h lai n i m giOa nhufng qua nui Idn bao bpc xung quanh cho nen mang nang tinh chat quan sU Day la mdt vi tri kin dao thuan lgi cho viec phdng thu, tien

(1) Thdi gian sau, cau bj do nat Den ddi vua Le The Tong nien hieu Quang Hung (1578-1599), My Quan cong Bui Van Khue da xay dung lai cau Thong Quan cong D6 Chu tu la Dpn Phu da dung bia cho cau Trong bai minh co ghi:

Gia Vien Trudng Yen

Tu thuy l<y sdn

Cuu hdu thuy iuang,

Den l(ieu l<y nhan

(TrUdng Yen Gia Viin

Song dep nui ky

Xua CO chiec cau

Dat ten cau Den.)

cdng, m a t khac lai xa bien thuy ai B i c - giac phuang B i c khd k h a n trong viec tim hieu de md nhUng dgt t a n cdng chdp nhoang

Phia Ddng Bac t h a n h cd nui Cdt Cd, xUa la nai vua Dinh

c i m cd nUdc Niii cao hom 90m, nhu mdt cdt cd thien nhien khdng Id, vi dai Phia Ddng Nam t h a n h cd Ghenh T h a p la mdt mdm niii t h a p nhd ra s a t sdng Sao Khe ( g i n Xuyen Thuy Ddng) Mdm nui nay tuang truyen la nai vua Dinh, vua

Le thudng dufng de duyet thuy quan Sdng Sao Khe chay qua hang Ludn (Xuyen Thiiy Ddng) la nai cac dan vi thiiy quan cua vua Dinh luyen t a p thudng xuyen

Cung d phia Ddng Nam khu t h a n h ngoai conrfedoHg Am Tien d lUng chitog niii la nai vua Dinh nudi rjp$Oid®aii de

trdng tri nhUng ke cd tdi Dudi chan nui Dia ists-ta ^ bhia

B i c khu T h a n h Ngoai cd mdt ao Idn, t e n la Ao^Siai:?rnang truyen la nai vua Dinh nudi giai, de n e m n n O ^ ; keLcci tdi xudng ao cho giai a n thit Ngoai ra cdn cd Aaf-hang rfludi: mdt hang Mudi Can d trong nui Hang Mudr-«am- s a i J p h i a Tay sdng Sao Khe (qua Ghenh T h a p mdi den Hang Mudi), mot h a n g Mudi d trong nui H a n g Mudi Ca n i m ve phia Ddng Kinh dd Hoa Lu, deu la kho tich mudi va hang Tien la kho truf tien d phia Tay Bac Kinh dd Hoa Lu, (phia Bac thdn Chi Phong, g i n dudng Nguyen Van Trdi, hien nay da bi san lap do pha niii lay da) Lai cd hang Vang la kho cat vang bac, hang Trau la nai chUa luang thUc, hang Bim la kho vu khi va mdt thung lung kha rdng d phia ngoai hang Quan (nai de quan tai ngUdi chet trUdc khi dem chdn) la nai quan

si ciia vua Dinh thudng den t a p luyen, n e n n h a n dan dia

phuang gpi la "Ddu dong qudn" Rd rang la cac hang ddng

dugc dung lam kho va nha nguc Vua Dinh Tien Hoang da

khai thae tdi Uu thien nhien de phuc vu cho trieu dinh, lam giam nhUng chi tieu khdng c i n t h i e t trong dieu kien mdt Nha nUdc phong kien t a p quyin cdn non t r e

Song song vdi viec xay dUng kinh t h a n h Hoa lu, vua Dinh Tien Hoang cdn td chiJc bd may N h a nUdc tUang ddi hoan chinh, dinh pham h a m cho cac quan van, vd; phong Nguyin Bac lam Dinh Qud'c Cdng, giU chufc Thai te (dufng sau vua); phong Dinh Dien giuf chufc Ngoai giap (trdng coi ngoai kinh

t h a n h ) ; phong Le Hoan giiJ chufc T h a p dao tudng quan Ngoai ra, vua Dinh Tien Hoang cdn td chufc quan dpi r a t chat che, chia lam 10 dao, mdi dao cd 10 quan, mdi quan

cd 10 lu, mdi 10 cd 10 tdt, mdi td't cd 10 ngu, mdi ngii cd 10 ngUdi, tdng so' la 1 trieu ngUdi

Nhung tdi n a m 979, Dinh T i e n H o a n g va con t r a i ca Dinh L i i n bi Dd Thich am hai The la trong trieu cd nhieu

vu xung dot xay ra Con trai thuf ciia Dinh Tien Hoang la Dinh Toan mdi 6 tudi len lam vua Khi dd, trong nUdc ndi bp trieu dinh luc due; ngoai nUdc n h a Tdng (Trung Qud'c) thi/a dip tien h a n h mUU dd thdn t i n h nUdc Dai Cd Viet - Dat nUdc dang dufng trUdc hiem hpa bi giac ngoai xam de dpa

Trieu dinh cd vua nhUng vua Dinh Toan cdn it tudi, chUa dii kha nang va uy tin de td chufc va lanh dao cudc k h a n g chien Vi sU nghiep bao ve ddc lap dan tdc, Thai hau Duang Van Nga va mdt so quan lai cung ddng dao quan si da suy tdn Le Hoan len lam vua td t h a n g 7 n a m 980 Le Hoan la mdt ngudi cd uy tin trong trieu luc bi'y gid dang giCf chiic Thap dao tudng quan (Tdng chi huy quan dpi) Tif dd cham ddt vai trd nha Dinh trong lich suf dan tdc Nhu vay nha Dinh chi d ngdi dugc 13 n a m (968-980)

MOT VUNG SON TH&y HUV TiNH

Le Hoan len ngdi vua n a m 980, lap n e n mdt trieu dai mdi: trieu Tien Le, v i n lay Hoa Lu lam Kinh dd Mdt nhiem

vu lich suf trpng dai dat ra trUdc dan tpc va trieu dinh liic bay gid la phai gap riit td chufc cudc k h a n g chien chd'ng quan xam lugc Tdng

Dau n a m 9 8 1 , quan Tdng theo hai dudng thiiy, bd ao

•at den xam lugc nude ta, dinh t i e n vao vay h a m Kinh do Hoa Lu Le Hoan true tiep td chufc va l a n h dao cudc k h i n g chien chd'ng quan xam lugc Tdng va da gianh dugc t h i n g lgi rUc rd

Sau khi chien t h i n g quan x a m lugc Tdng, Le Hoan tim each lap lai quan he bang giao vdi n h a Tdng Cac suf t h i n ciia n h a Tdng den Kinh dd Hoa Lu, chufng kien canh nui sdng hung vi, thay con ngUdi Dai Cd Viet thdng minh, cd sufc

m a n h Idn lao, da phai t h a n phuc va kinh ne NhUng cudc bang giao cua cac suf t h i n n h a Tdng vdi n h a Tien Le d Kinh

dd Hoa Lu khi dd, ghi n h a n mdi quan he ngoai giao qudc te ban diu, mdt chinh sach ddi ngoai kien quyet nhUng mem deo, khdn kheo de giO gin hda binh cho dan tdc

Dat nUdc lai binh yen, Le Hoan cho xay t h e m nhieu cung dien long liy, gdp p h a n l a m cho Kinh dd Hoa Lu ngay cang hoan chinh, trong dd cd n h d n g cung dien xay cdt dat vang,

dat bac, mai Igp b i n g ngdi bac Trong sach Dgi Viet suC ky

todn thu cua Ngd Si Lien, cd ghi: "Gidp Thdn ndm thii 5 (984): Dung nhieu cung dien; lam dien Bdch Bdo Thien Tue

a niii Dgi Vdn, cot dien ddt vdng, bgc, Idm nai coi chdu; ben Dong Id dien Phong Luu, ben Tay Id dien Td Hoa; ben td

Id dien Bong Lai, ben HUu Id dien Cuc Lgc; roi Idm Idu Dgi Vdn, rdi lgi dung dien Truang Xuan lam nai vua ngu, ben

cgnh dien Truang Xuan dung dien Long Loc, lap bdng ngoi bgc"^^K Day la 8 cdng trinh dugc xay dung tU n a m 984 Mdt

cdng trinh thU 9 la dien Can Nguyen: "Ndm Nhdm Thin

(992) Id ndm thU ba nien hieu Hung Thong, mua xudn vua ngu a Idu Cdn Nguyen de xem den"^'^\

Niii Dai Van n i m d ngay phia sau khu den Dinh va den

Le hien nay, cdn gpi la nui Long Trieu (Dgi Nam nhdt thong

chi), n h a n dan dia phuang gpi la niii Phi Van da xay dUng

dien Bach Bao Thien Tue Dieu dd chufng td Kinh dd Hoa Lu

cd quy md be the, dep de, uy nghi, t r a n g hoang long lay, hda

n h a p vdi thien nhien hung vi'"

N a m 1005, vua Le Dai H a n h qua ddi tai dien TrUdng Xuan, d ngdi 25 n a m (980-1005), thp 64 tudi Con thuf ba cua vua la Le Trung Tdng len ngdi dugc 3 ngay thi Le Long Dinh (Le Ngoa Trieu) la con thU n a m ciia vua Le Dai H a n h

va la em trai cung me cua vua Le Trung Tdng, da cUdp ngdi, giet vua Le Trung Tdng de len ngdi n a m 1006 Nam 1009

(1), (2) "Dai Viet sCf lupc" - NXB Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh • 1993 -Tr.100, 101 (3) Nam 1978, Ty Van hoa thong tin Ha Nam Ninh khao sat tai khu vUc Trudng Yen, huyen Hoa Lu, phat hien thay chan mong bang da xep vuong van nhu 6

ban cd b dp sau 0,6m mot nen nha lat bang gach "Giang Tay q u a n ' da bj vd,

mot Idp tro than day 20-30cm d dp sau 0,9m, mpt mang nen gach hoa sen kich thudc 34x34x7cm, cUng vdi mpt sp manh ngoi ong 6 dp sau 0,95m, mot so gd lat muc day 10-20cm va nhufng manh gach ngoi ken day 40cm cd dau vet tudng gach Id nung gom va dau vet kien true bj do nat, rdng 100m^ Trudc dd cac nha khao CO hpc da dao dupe nhieu manh bat dia, xUdng voi, xUdng ngua va cpt kinh Phat, tren cp k h i c dong chU "De tu Tinh hai quan, Tiet dp su, Nam Viet Vupng Dinh Qudc Lien kinh tao bao trang nhat bach tda thdi Quy Dau tue" 6 gan sdng Hoang Long Tai xa Trudng Yen dao dudc hai loai gach, tren mat cd ddng chiJ

"Dai Viet quoc quan thanh chuyen" (loai gach do quan dan thdi nha Dinh lam)

va "Giang Tay q u a n ' (loai gach do quan si Giang Tay thdi Dudng ddng d nude

ta san xuat ra) 6 khu vUc dpng Thien Tdn thude xa Ninh My eijng dao dUdc hai loai gach dd

vua Le Ngoa Trieu mat Nhu vay nha Tien Le d ngdi dugc

29 n a m (980-1009)

Phia Ddng Kinh dd Hoa Lu la dudng Tien Yet Day la con dudng bd chinh vao Kinh dd Hoa Lu, cdn gpi la "Dudng Ciia

Ddng" (Hien cdn t a m bia Cufa Ddng ghi: "Dudng Ciia Dong

Trdng An Id mot loi di rong lan, mot thdng ednh d ddt Gia Viin (Hoa Lu) Tic khi Dinh Tien Hodng dUng nuac dinh do a phia Dong do thdnh, Nien Thdn The ggi Id dudng Ciia Dong Bdy gia cdc quan vdn v6 thuang theo dudng ndy lui tai trieu can ") Dpc dudng Tien Yet nay, trUdc day cd

dung nhieu t r a m gac kien cd' de bao ve Kinh t h a n h Hoa Lu Cach T h a n h Ngoai ve phia Ddng khoang han 1km la thdn Ang Ngu - nai ma cac quan tii k h i p nai trong nude ve day, trudc khi vao kinh dd c h i u vua, difng lai de chuan bi sang sufa trieu y O thdn Ang Ngu cd ddng Hoa Scfn, tUcfng truyen

la noi nudi au chiia Cach thdn Ang Ngu han 1km la Quen

Oi - ciia ngd vao kinh dd, trUdc day r a t cao, khd di Cach Quen Oi khoang 1km la thdn Quan Vinh, cung la mdt t r a m gac Idn e a c h thdn Quan Vinh hon 1km la ddng Thien Tdn, thd mdt vi t h a n cao nhat: T r a n Vu Thien Tdn Ddng n i m trong niii Dung Duang Khi Dinh Bd Linh dem quan di d a n h dep cac suf quan da siia l i vat vao l i tai ddng Thien Tdn cau mong dugc t h i n giup dd Sau khi thu phuc dugc dat nUdc

va len ngdi Hoang de, Dinh Tien Hoang da tu sufa den va ddng, ddng thdi cho xay dung d day hai khu n h a Tien Te

va Kinh Thien Dai de khach t h a p phuang ve cd chd nghi

va Cling l i Ben canh nui Dung Ducfng cdn cd hai nui da Idn niJa la: Nuang Son va Tugng San Ba niii Idn nay thudc HTX

Da Gia, thi t r a n Thien Tdn, n i m g i n hai ben dUdng Tien

Yet nhu mdt cdng t h a n h thien nhien ky vT an ngiif con dUdng chinh vao Kinh dd Hoa Lu TU Kinh dd Hoa Lu di ra b i n g dudng bp, cdn cd con dUdng Thugng Dao ve phia Tay, cd the

di vao Thanh Hda va ngUgc len phia B i c de dang

Dudng thuy cd sdng Hoang Long d phia B i c , chay ra sdng

Day de tii dd n h a p vao he thdng Nhi Ha, cd the ngUgc len

phia Bic Chinh b i n g dUdng thuy nay, td Trung Qud'c vao sdng Bach D i n g , qua sdng Lupc, sdng Chau (Ha Nam), theo sdng Day, sdng Hoang Long, cac sii gia nha Tdng da den Kinh dd Hoa Lu yet kien vua Le Dai H a n h vao n a m 990 Cung td sdng Hoang Long, cdn cd mdt n h a n h ngugc len den nga ba Kenh Ga, theo sdng Bdi Hda Binh di ve phia Tay Bic Sdng Hoang Long khi chay den nga ba Gian Khau, lai

cd mdt n h a n h theo ddng sdng Day, ve phia Ddng di den nga

ba Non Nude rdi chay xudi ra bien Ddng

TCf nga ba Non Nudc, cd sdng Van Sang chech ve phia Tay Nam, chay den nga ba C i u Yen, vao sdng Trinh Nuf, den sdng Hd, chay tiep sang sdng T h i n Phu, rdi cung ra bien Ddng

Nga ba Cau Yen lai cd mpt n h a n h nUa theo sdng He Dudng chay ve phia Tay Nam Kinh dd Hoa Lu Nhu the ve dudng thiiy Kinh dd Hoa Lu ba mat: Bic, Ddng Nam, Tay

Nam deu cd sdng, nhu "nhUng biic tUang thdnh thien nhien

nUac" Yiia la de bao ve Kinh dd Hoa Lu vUa la dudng giao

thdng thiiy r a t thuan lgi

Mat phia Nam Kinh dd Hoa Lu lai cd sdng Sao Khe chay qua Hang Ludn, xudi ve phia Nam, la mdt dudng thiiy quan

trpng Dudng bien, tir Kinh dd Hoa Lu di ra bien r a t g i n (5

t h e ky X, bien cang Phuc T h a n h d nga ba Non Nudc vifa la cang sdng vifa la cang bien Lui ve phia dUdi nui Non Nudc (nui Due Thiiy) mdt quang (cd t h e d nga ba sdng Day - sdng

C i u Tao) la cufa bien Dai Ac (Mai d e n thdi Ly, ciia Dai

Ac mdi lui xud'ng nga ba Ddc Bp bay gid) Mdt dUdng bien nOa la ciia Tieu Khang (Ciia Can - hien nay la d a t xa Yen Mac, Yen Md) Cd hai cang bien nay t d Kinh dd Hoa Lu di

ra hoac vao r a t thuan lgi Phia Tay ciia Kinh dd Hoa Lu la nhOng day nui da TrUdng Yen cao vut

Kinh dd Hoa Lu cdn toa r a m d t k h d n g gian rdng h a n nOa d thdn La Mai, xa Ninh Giang, huyen Hoa Lu, each nui Dung Duang khdng xa, xUa la nai vua Dinh de kho m i m , kho mudi

De bao ve Kinh dd Hoa Lu ve m a t dudng thiiy va dUdng

bd, vua Dinh Tien Hoang va vua Le Dai H a n h cdn cho xay ddn luy t r e n niii Non Nudc (nui Due Thuy), coi nhU mdt tien ddn kiem soat con dUdng bd tif Tam Diep, con dudng bien theo cufa Dai Ac di ra'" Dieu dd chUng td vua Dinh Tien Hoang va vua Le Dai H a n h r a t quan t a m chu y xay dUng kinh t h a n h va cac phdng tuyen de bao ve vufng c h i c kinh dd, cung la bao ve nUdc Dai Cd Viet

Sau khi Le Long Dinh mat, d i u t h a n g 11 n a m 1009, quan

T h a n ve la Ly Cdng Uan da dugc cac n h a tu h a n h va ba quan van vd trong trieu tdn lap lam vua Nha Ly dugc chinh thufc dung len td dd, cung d Kinh dd Hoa Lu

Kinh dd Hoa Lu lai ghi n h a n sU ra ddi ciia mpt vUang trieu mdi: Nha Ly Kinh dd Hoa Lu thuc su la trung t a m

(1) Dpc "Nui Dye Thuy" cua La Dang Bat - NXB The gidi - Ha Noi - 1998

chinh tri, kinh te, van hda dau tien cua nUdc Dai Cd Viet thdng nhat, ddc lap, tu chd Kinh dd Hoa Lu cung la nai the hien y chi kien cUdng, bat khuat chdng giac ngoai xam bao

ve Td qudc, thuc su la mpt quan t h a n h vOng chic

Xa hoi Dai Cd Viet khi dd r a t c i n mdt quan t h a n h nhU the Vua Dinh Tien Hoang va vua Le Dai H a n h xay dUng Kinh dd Hoa Lu la hoan toan phii hgp vdi tinh hinh thUc te cua nUdc Dai Cd Viet luc bay gid

Den d i u trieu Ly, khi nUdc Dai Cd Viet p h a t trien, Kinh

dd Hoa Lu du la mpt quan t h a n h hung vi, hiem trd, nhUng lai chat hep, chi hgp vdi the' thu ma thdi Mudn cho nUdc Dai Cd Viet p h a t trien han nUa, cd the cdng, kinh dd phai

la nai rdng rai, thuan tien ve giao thdng thuy, bd, trung t a m

ve dia ly, kinh te vua Ly Cdng U a n da quyet dinh ddi dd tir Hoa Lu den t h a n h Dai La (Ha Ndi ngay nay)

Vua Ly Thai Td da viet "Chieu dai do" the hien quyet

t a m dd: " Huong gi thdnh Dgi La, kinh do cU cda Cao

Vuang: d vdo nai trung tdm trai ddt, dugc edi the rdng cuon,

hd ngoi Dd diing ngoi Bde, Nam, Dong, Tdy; lgi tien huang nhin song dUa niii Dia the rgng vd bdng, ddt dai cao md thodng Ddn cu khoi chiu ednh khdn khd ngap lut; mudn vgt cdng rdt mUc phong phii tot tuai Xem khdp ddt Viet ta, chi nai ndy Id thdng dia That Id chdn tu hgi trgng yeu cua bdn phuang ddt nUae; cung la nai kinh do bde nhdt cua de vuang mudn dai"

Cudc ddi dd cua vua Ly Thai Td dugc thUc hien vao thdi gian td't nhat, tdc la vao t h a n g 7 am lich, d i u mua thu n a m

Canh Tuat (1010) Thang 7 la mua nUdc "rdy" (diy), sdng

ngdi am i p thuan tien cho viec chuyen chd b i n g thuyen

Dat nudc ta day ddc sdng ngdi, khi dd diing thuyen la

thich hgp Ong cha ta da tUng ndi: "Nam chu, Bde md"

Nghia la: ngudi phuang Nam dung thuyen, ngUdi phuang B i c dung ngUa

De van chuyen nhieu cung dien nguy nga, nhieu dd vat quy hiem, hoang gia cung gia quyen cac quan lai, binh linh, ngudi h i u ha phai dung thuyen de di b i n g dudng thuy la dieu c h i c c h i n Doan t h u y e n ciia n h a vua khi ddi dd cd nhieu loai khac nhau nhU: thuyen ngU dung de chd nha vua

va can t h i n , thuyen chien chd van vd ba quan trong trieu, thuyen dinh chd quan binh, nhUng ngudi phuc vu hau can

va cac dd vat khac

Theo cac nha nghien cdu, khdng gian vua Ly Thai Td ddi

dd cung hoan hao n h a t , chpn dudng di n g i n n h a t , chi dai khoang han 100km, di qua sau con sdng

Con sdng d i u tien la Sao Khe (Sudi Gdc) chay qua Kinh

dd Hoa Lu theo hudng B i c Nam tir sdng Hoang Long dd ve Chinh con sdng nay, thdi xUa vua Dinh Tien Hoang dung lam nai luyen t a p thiiy quan (hien nay con sdng dd v i n cdn, chi chat hep han trudc) Td sdng Sao Khe thuyen ngu di ngUgc len phia B i c Kinh dd Hoa Lu den sdng Hoang Long

la con sdng t h d hai thuyen vua di qua Thuyen vua quay mui

ve phia Ddng den nga ba Gian Khau gap sdng Day, la con sdng thuf ba Thuyen vua lai ngugc sdng Day len Phu Ly (Ha Nam), re vao nga ba sdng Chau Giang - sdng Nhue la con song thii tu Tiep dd, thuyen vua ngugc len sdng Nhue den lang Td, theo sdng Td ve Dai La NhU the con dudng thuy ddi dd cua vua Ly Thai Td di qua 6 con sdng: Sdng Sao Khe, sdng Hoang Long, sdng Day, sdng Chau, sdng Nhue, sdng Td

(To Lich) nhOng ddng sdng nay v i n cdn, ri§ng sdng Nhue

va sdng Td mdt sd doan da bi san lap Con dUdng thuy nay dai khoang han 100km, chi dai han dUdng bp di theo dUdng qudc Id l A td Hoa Lu den Ha Ndi vai chuc km Dieu dd cung k h i n g dinh vua Ly Thai Td da cho khao sat, t i n h toan dudng di n g i n n h a t de ddi dd cho thich hgp

Rd rang la viec ddi dd ciia vua Ly Thai To da chpn thdi gian, khdng gian, phuang tien thuan lgi n h a t va m a n g du ba dieu kien: thien thdi (dgi mua nUdc Idn), dia lgi (chpn dugc dia diem td't n h a t la Dai La) va n h a n hda (mpi ngUdi diu ddng long)

Huyen thoai ke r i n g : khi khdi sU ddi dd, doan thuyen cua nha vua tdi nga ba sdng Td Giang - Nhi Thuy, dudi chan thanh, rdng vang hien len, re sdng tdi g i n thuyen cua vua, rdi bay vut len trdi xanh TCr dd, t h a n h Dai La ddi ten la

Thang Long (cd nghia la rdng len) Vi the sach Dgi Viet sii"

lugc da ghi: "Luc khdi sU ddi do, thuyen ddu dudi thdnh (thdnh Dgi La) thi co rong vdng Men ra nai thuyen cda vua, nhdn do md ggi Id Thdng Long"

Lich suf da khdng n h i m , k h i n g dinh t i m nhin cua vua Ly Thai Td vd cung dung d i n va sang sudt

Cung khdng phai n g i u nhien, cung khdng phai do y mudn chu quan ciia vua Ly Thai Td, viec ddi dd tCr Hoa Lu ra Thang Long cd y nghia dac biet quan trpng trong tien trinh lich sd xay dUng va bao ve Td qud'c Viet Nam Dd la mdt quyet dinh dung d i n , hoan toan vi lgi ich chung cua dan tdc, phu hgp vdi yeu ciu phat trien cua d i t nUdc t a luc bay gid Sau khi vua Ly Thai Td ddi dd, xa Trudng Yen, huyen

Hoa Lu trd t h a n h Co' dd Hoa Lu, mai mai g i n lien vdi giai doan lich sd thdng nhat, xay dung dat nUdc Dai Cd Viet ciia

d a n tdc

De tudng niem cdng lao dat nen mdng xay dUng ddc lap

t u chii ciia dat nudc va nhd den Kinh dd Hoa Lu cua nUdc Dai Cd Viet, nha Ly sau nay da lay ten mdt sd ciu, chua, dudng phd d cd dd Hoa Lu dat ten cho mpt sd khu vUc d

T h a n g Long thdi ay nhu: 6 C i u Den, phd T r a n g Tien, chua

Mdt Cot Dieu dd da dugc Dgi Nam nhdt thdng ehi ghi: "Do

ed nhd Dinh, nhd Le lgi co cdc danh hieu: cdu Dong, cdu Den, cdu Mudng, Trdng Tien, chua Thdp, chua Nhdt Tru nen cu vdn cdn Khi Ly Thdi Td dai do den Thdng Long diu diing theo ede danh hieu dy"'"

Sudt 42 n a m tdn tai (968-1010), Kinh dd Hoa Lu chii yeu

la dai ban doanh cua hai vi vua kiem tdng tU lenh quan dpi: vua Dinh Tien Hoang va vua Le Dai H a n h Dd cung la nai

ra ddi ciia mdt vUang trieu mdi: Nha Ly

Co' dd Hoa Lu sang mai vdi ten tudi Dinh Tien Hoang, Le Dai H a n h va Ly Thai Td Dinh Tien Hoang la ngUdi cd cdng

md d i u , ngudi khai pha va dat nen mdng cho Kinh dd Hoa

Lu - dng td phuc hUng thdng n h a t qud'c gia Le Dai H a n h la ngudi chien dau va bao ve Kinh dd Hoa Lu, cung cd nghia

la bao ve nen ddc lap, tU chu cua dat nUdc Ly Thai Td la ngudi cd t i m nhin xa rdng, quyet dinh ddi dd, dat mdt cdt mdc dinh dd vUng chai mudn ddi de cd mdt Ha Ndi ngay nay

la Thu dd - t r a i tim cua dat nudc Viet Nam

Chinh vi the, sau nay Bang n h a n Vu Duy Thanh

(1807-(1) "Dgi Nam nhat thdng c h f • Tap III • NXB KHXH • Ha Ndi - 1971 - Tr.249

1859) ngudi l a n g Kim Bdng, phu Yen K h a n h (nay la xa Khanh Hai, huyen Yen Khanh, tinh Ninh Binh) da viet bai

phii C6 kinh danh thdng ca nggi Co dd Hoa Lu, trong dd cd

doan:

"Dinh do Trdng An; md nen chinh thdng

Mot la tien the ton nghiem; hai la tien duang trieu cdng Nui Md (Md Yen) nghin triing xa ngdt, thdnh ddp dd cao, Song Long (Hodng Long) mot ddi trong veo, hdo hdo cUng rgng Ndo phu tia, ndo Idu son, ndo ddi lan, ndo gdc phung, Ndo truang tap trdn, ddnh giac nude Chiem,

Ndo qudn tien nghi, tiep quan nhd Tdng

Tren dudng tia trdm quan do hgi, ngUa ngUa xe xe, Dudi ca ddo mudi dgo nghiem binh, chieng chieng, trdng trong Xet trong dia du; dUang budi bdy gid,

Ben Tdy ndi ngdn nhu mac; ben Dong bien ldng nhu td Nam den Chdu Hoan, Chdu Ai,

Bde gidp nude Sd, nude Tic

Cung dong chinh soe, eung moi xa thU

Ngdm cdu Nam de Nam eU, khdc hdn nhiing ddi thdo muoi Xem tugng Bde Thdn, Bde Cue, cdn ddu bdng xic Hoa Lu Phong ednh tdt thay, de nhdt la ddy

Phong Chdu khon sdnh, Phong Khe ndo tdy

Xem nhu dia ly hga do, thdy Tdu de kieu,

Rd dugc thien nhien hinh thdng, thg tgo kheo bdy Tha rdng:

Dd trdi bao nhieu cugc be ddu,

Khien nay con nhd chuyen ed lau

Mot vdng sao rgng thanh guam bdu,

Ndm sdc mdy phong bg do chdu

Cong cd luu truyin trong tdm edi,

Khi thieng phdng phdt dudi nghin thdu

Trdng An mieu eu huang nghi ngiit

Sung bdi ai ai cung cui ddu"

N h u the N i n h Binh da trd t h a n h trung t a m chinh tri, kinh te, van hda ciia ca nudc trong 42 n a m (968-1010), mang dam dau a n ciia mpt thdi ky lich su oanh liet dUng nUdc va giu nUdc

Khdng chi la nai cd mdt kinh dd d i u tien trong nen van minh Dai Viet ciia d a n tdc, n e n phong kien t a p quyen d nUdc ta, Ninh Binh cdn cd H a n h cung Vu Lam

Bao t a n g Ninh Binh hien cdn lUu gid dugc sach Thdi Vi

quae te nggc ky viet b i n g chU Han, soan n a m Canh Tri t h u

5 (1667), ddi vua Le Huyen Tdng (1662-1671), sao lai n a m

Bao Dai t h d 3 (1928), trong t a p "Trdn gia nggc phd" cho

biet: Sau cudc k h a n g chien chdng quan Nguyen - Mdng lan thd n h a t (1258), vua T r a n Thai Tdng trdn 40 tudi, nhudng ngdi cho con la Thai tU Hoang rdi lam Thai Thugng hoang,

ve vung nui Vu L a m tu h a n h , dung h a n h cung Vu Lam Vung nui Vu Lam ngdy xUa, nay la thdn Van Lam, xa Ninh Hai, huyen Hoa Lu, t i n h Ninh Binh

Den thdn Van Lam, vua T r a n Thai Tdng cho xay mpt am nhd tai chd dat cao dudi chan nui phia Ddng ben sdng Ngd Ddng d phia trong Hang Ca (Di qua Hang Ca ben phai la den dat dUng am Hien nay khu dat dd gpi la dat Vudn Am) Day nui n i m ben khu dat dd la nui Vudn Am da ghi n h a n viec vua T r a n Thai Tdng dUng am d day

Mpt thdi gian sau, thay d dd chat hep, l i y ldi, vua Tran Thai Tdng chuyen ra ddng Vu Lam dUng am Thai Vi d dat Trieu cu de thd P h a t va Tam T h a n h Thugng De, rdi lai chuyen mot lan nUa ra chd dat hien nay cd den Thai Vi Xay dung am Thai Vi d ddng Vu Lam n i m ve phia Tay thdn Van Lam r a t thuan lgi cho viec phdng thu trong thdi chien khi dd, vi vua T r a n va toan dan ta dang chuan bi tich cUc cho cudc k h a n g chidn chdng quan Nguyen - Mdng l i n thu hai

Ddng Vu Lam rdng khoang 20 mau Day la mpt dia danh hiem trd, ba m a t B i c , Tay, Nam deu cd nui da cao sdng sdng bao quanh, chi cdn m a t phia Dong la khdng cd nui

c h i n , nhUng lai cd sdng Ngd Ddng chay vao va mdt dUdng

bd men theo ddng sdng dd Nd nhU mdt phao dai hiem, mang tinh chat mot cdng trinh phdng ngU - mpt vi tri kin dao, thuan lgi cho viec phdng thu, tien cdng

TCr day each Thang Long cd hcfn 100 cay sd, giao thong thiiy, bp diu thuan tien Dudng bien, tCr bien Ddng vao cda sdng Day, den nga ba Non Nudc theo sdng Van Sang xudi phia Nam den nga ba Vu Lam re vao phia Tay theo sdng Ngd Ddng Mpt dUdng bien nUa tCr ciia T h a n Phu (ngay nay

la dat xa Yen Mac, huyen Yen Md) tdi sdng T h i n Phu, qua sdng Hd, sdng Trinh NU den nga ba Vu Lam vao sdng Ngd Ddng Dudng sdng, td sdng Td Lich (Thang Long) xudi ve Nam theo sdng Nhue, ve sdng Chau Giang, vao sdng Day den nga ba Non Nudc, rdi xudi sdng Van Sang den nga ba

Vu Lam re vao sdng Ngd Ddng Neu lui ve phia Nam, td sdng Ngd Ddng ra nga ba Vu Lam, di thuyen qua sdng Trinh

Nd, sdng Hd se vao dugc Thanh Hda

Dudng bp la dUdng Thien Ly - g i n trung vdi dUdng qudc

Id lA hien nay - tU h a n h cung Vu Lam ra tdi day, ngUgc len phia B i c tdi T h a n g Long, xudi ve Nam, qua Tam Diep la vao

T h a n h Hda, Nghe An

Viec chpn ddng Vu Lam lam h a n h cung de tu hanh, cung

la hau cU chi dao cudc k h a n g chien chd'ng quan Nguyen Mdng cua vua T r i n Thai Tdng la r a t khoa hoc'"

-Xay dung h a n h cung Vu Lam, ngoai viec lam cac cung dien, vua T r i n Thai Tdng cdn cho khai thdng mpt dai sdng

td chi trai sdng Ngd Ddng ra t h i n g den ben Ddng, ggi la ben Ha Trao, hien nay d xa Ninh T h i n g cd mpt lang ten la

Ha Trao d g i n ben Ddng Vua T r i n T h a i Tdng cung cho md mdt ben thuyen gpi la ben T h a n h d ben t r a i sdng Ngd Ddng chd hai trai nui dUng sat ben sdng, bay gid gpi la Nghi Mdn Ndi, nui ddng ben ben T h a n h gpi la nui Ben Thanh

Song song vdi n h a n h sdng dd la con dudng bd den t h i n g

am Thai Vi Den n a m Bao Phu (1273-1278), ddi vua T r i n

T h a n h Tdng, cung vdi viec xay t h e m cung dien Thai Vi,

n h a n d a n thdn Van Lam da l a m mpt con dudng td lang (1) Theo sach 'Thai Vi qud'c t^' ngpc ky", dpng Vu LSm trudc khi vua Tran Thai Tong den tu hanh eon la mpt khu rung ram, dan cu thua thdt cd nhieu qua, cho nen gpi la 6 Lam (rUng qug) Khi tu hanh 6 day, vua da khuyen khich nhan dan khan hoang dupe 155 mSu rudng de canh tac Nha vua een chieu dan lap

ap, dat thanh 4 giap gom: Giap Ngoai cdn gpi la Giap Tren, gom hp Vu, hp D6; Giap Cac, cdn gpi la Giap Hai, gom hp Le 6 khu Dai Cac; Giap Trung, cdn gpi

la Giap Ba, gom mpt chi cua hp Do khac, mpt chi cua hp Dinh n i m d khu Trung Hda; Giap Cat, eon gpi la Giap Bon, gom hp Phgm, hp Nguyin, hp Luu Dieu

dd da dupe ndi trong bai ca dao hien cdn luu truyen 6 thdn Van Lam:

Chieu dan lap ap tU day,

Hanh Cung cai sd dat bay tuan du

Chi toe cho d cac l<hu,

D$t lam bon giap khien cho trj dien

vdo cung dien, xay cdng Rdng qua sdng Ngd Ddng Theo con dudng nay, vua T r i n Thai Tdng da thiet lap mdt he thdng

t r a m gac, t r a m kiem soat r a t khoa hpc, kien cd va can mat Neu tinh td thdn Hanh Cung (nai vua T r i n Thai Tdng lap cung dien dau tien) d xa Ninh T h i n g v i o den am Thai Vi, con dudng nay chi dai khoang t r e n 4km, nhUng da cd den 5 diem ddng chan de kiem sodt nhUng ngUdi vao am Thai Vi

D i u tien la mdt t r a m gac d lang Tuan Cao, thudc xa Ninh

T h i n g , each thdn Hanh Cung 1km Mpi ngUdi den day phai ddng lai bdo cao, xuat trinh giay td de kiem soat Di tiep 2km la tdi dinh Cac cua thdn Van Lam, xa Ninh Hai, trUdc day cung la mdt t r a m gac, cac quan van vd phai t a p trung

d dd sda sang lai mu ao cho chinh t i Sau dd di tiep 200m den Cua Quan thd nhat, la mdt t r a i nui Idn c h i n ngang, rdi qua mpt cai quen nhd Neu t i n h tCr t r a m kiem soat d i u tien

Cong Rong A n h ; Cue HUdng

d lang Tuan Cao thi den day la t r a m gac t h d ba NhUng Cda Quan nay mdi chinh thdc dugc gpi la t r a m gac thU nhat Di tiep mpt doan la cdng Rdng Td cdng Rdng di khoang g i n 300m la den t r a m gac thd hai d chd mieu gd Mung Tram

n a y h i n h t h a n h bdi mpt ngon nui nhd c h i n d phia B i c dudng Qua t r a m gac nay di tiep 300m den t r a m gac cudi cung, cung gpi la Cda Quan hay Tam Quan Cda Quan nay rdng 5m, do hai t r a i nui c h i n hai ben ldi di tao t h a n h Tiep

dd phai di 300m nUa mdi vao tdi am Thai Vi

Nhu the he thdng t r a m gac nay r a t lien hoan va chat che Vua T r i n Thai Tdng da biet khai thae triet de thien nhien de phuc vu cho con ngUdi, dua vao mpt sd trdi nui de

l i m t r a m gac Hien nay d den Thai Vi cdn ta'm bia dung

n a m Vinh Thinh t h d 11, tdc la n a m 1715, da md t a quang

canh h a n h cung Vu Lam khi dd: "Thdy nai ddy san thuy hdu

tinh qud nhu Bong lai xudt hien, vua cho xdy cung dien, thdp phuang noi theo Phia phdi, sudi khe khudt khue, nUdc bgc ldp Idnh Phia trdi, niii non triing diep dd xep chenh v&nh ", dep "tUa thien dinh"

Khi d h a n h cung Vu Lam, vua T r a n Thai Tong cdn cho xdy mpt ngdi chua d d i u l i n g Van Lam, gpi la chua Sd'" Hien nay ngdi chua dd van cdn N h a n dan Van Lam van luu truyen nhdng cau ca dao ndi ve chua Sd:

Bia ddu ma mot ngoi chiin

Mi Ldm chiia Sd, eon truyin den nay

(1) Khong chi cho xay dung ngdi chua Sd 6 thdn Van Lam, xa Ninh Hai, ma theo taim bia A Nau "Tu Tam bao dien bi" hien cdn 6 chua A Nau thudc thdn Dai NhSn, xa Ninh Khanh, huyen Hoa Lu, tgc vao nam Mau Ngp (chua rd nam nao, ehi phdng doan 6 the ky XVI), cho biet vua Tran Thai Tdng cdn lap ra chua A Nau va de Igi cho chua 90 mau 3 sao rupng

May sao may kheo Id may,

Nen ddn Nghieu Thudn vui ngdy Budng Ngu

Ngay nay mpt sd ten gpi va ten lang d xa Ninh Hai la nai xay dUng h a n h cung Vu Lam va xa Ninh T h i n g n a m

t r e n dUdng vao h a n h cung Vu Lam cdn ggi lai n h d n g dia danh xUa

Thdn v a n Lam, xa Ninh Hai cd Vudn Am la nai vua T r a n Thai Tdng dUng am, cd Cua Quan, Gd Mung la n h d n g t r a m gac, cd Dinh Cdc la nai cac quan thdi xUa ddng lai sda mu

ao trudc khi vao am Thai Vi, cd ben T h a n h la ben t h u y i n ,

cd ednh ddng TrUdng Thi la nai luyen quan va thi vd cua quan si thdi Tran

Xa Ninh T h i n g cd lang Tuan Cao la nai cac quan ngay xUa ddng lai bd cdo, ldng Ha Trao la nai quy dinh den day phai h a mai cheo thuyen de vao am Thdi Vi, lang H a n h Cung de ghi n h a n cd h a n h cung Vu Lam

Trong cudc khdng chien chdng quan Nguyen - Mdng l i n thd hai, ngay 18 thdng 2 ndm 1285 quan ta giao chien vdi qudn dich t r e n bd B i c sdng Hdng Sau dd trieu dinh va toan

bp quan dan ta phai rut khdi Thdng Long di' cho dich thay Thang Long la mot kinh t h a n h bd trd'ng Vi vay Thodt Hoan khdng dam ddng quan trong t h a n h Thdng Long ma rut ra ddng d bd B i c sdng Hdng Mpt canh quan thuf ba ciia giac tiT Van Nam (Trung Qudc) tien xud'ng nUdc ta T r i n N h a t Duat sau khi giao chien vdi giac, rdt lui bao toan lUc lugng ve hdi quan vdi vua T r i n Thoat Hoan cho quan truy dudi quan ta, Tran Binh Trpng can giac d bai Da Mac (ben sdng Hdng

- Khoai Chau) khdng may sa vao tay giac Quan ta khi dd

MOT VUNG SON THUY HUl: TINH

p h a i rut lui ve phu Thien Trudng (Nam Dinh) va phu TrUdng Yen (Ninh Binh)

Toa Dd lai tCr phia Nam tien quan qua T h a n h Hda den phu TrUdng Yen ddng lai d dd, cho mpt bp p h a n ra hdi vdi quan Thoat Hoan Vua T r i n keo quan td T h a n h Hda ra danh quan giac d phu TrUdng Yen ngay 7 thdng 6 ndm 1285 Rat cd the, khi quan ta lui quan ve phu TrUdng Yen de chi§'n dau, tieu diet quan giac d dd la cd cdng sdc cua h a n h cung Vu Lam

Cudc khdng chien chdng quan Nguyen - Mdng ket thuc ndm 1288 Dat nUdc ta da sach bdng quan thu TrUdc khi len Yen Td lam mpt vi dai dau da, sang lap ra Tnic Lam tdng phdi, vua T r i n N h a n Tdng dd di t h a m lai h a n h cung

Vu Lam Sdeh Bai Viet sd ky todn thu da ghi: Thdng 7,

ndm Giap Ngp, Hung Long thd hai, tdc la n a m 1294, khi

da nhudng ngdi cho con, vdi cUang vi Thai thugng hodng,

vua T r i n N h a n Tdng da den van canh Tam Cdc "Bdy gid,

Thugng hodng den Vu Ldm vdo chai hang dd, ciia niii dd hep, Tuyen Td Thdi hdu ngoi ddng dudi thuyin "^^K

Bgi Viet sd ky todn thU cung chep, ndm sau, tufc la n a m

1295 vua T r i n N h a n Tdng lai v i h a n h cung Vu Lam tu h a n h

va cd lam bai t h a "Vd Ldm thu vdn":

Hga kiiu ddo dnh trdm khe hodnh,

Nhdt mgt td duang thuy ngogi minh,

Tich tich thien san hong diep lgc

Thdp vdn nhu mgng vien chung thanh

(Long khe in ngugc bong cau hoa,

(1) "Dgi Viet sCr ky toan thu" - NXB KHXH - Ha Ndi - 1985 - Tap 2 - Tr.70

H i t sang bd khe, vet ning ta

Lang le nghin non, roi la dd

May giang nhu mong, tieng chuong xa'"

Bang Thanh djch)

Bai tha cd n h i c den "chiec cdu", dd la ciu da da b i c ngang qua sdng Ngd Ddng d h d n h cung Vu Lam "Tieng

chudng xa" d day la tieng chudng cua chua Sd

Dieu dd k h i n g dinh cac vua T r a n da d dpng Vu Lam, nen khi dat nUdc binh yen mdi trd lai t h a m h a n h cung va cd t h a vinh canh nai dd

Sdeh Khdm dinh Viet sd thdng gidm cUang muc cua Qudc

sd qudn trieu Nguyen cdn ghi: "At Mui, ndm thd 3 (1295)

thdng 6, miia hg Thuang hodng (vua Trdn Nhdn Tdng) tit

Ai Lao vi nUde Thugng hodng tic Ai Lao trd ve, roi xudt gia

a hdnh eung Vu Ldm, sau lgi trd vi kinh su"^^'

Trong "Ldi chua" cua sdeh dd cd ghi tiep: "Vd Ldm: a xd

Vd Ldm, huyen An Khdnh, tinh Ninh Binh, d ddy niii non trung diep, trong rudt nui cd hang, chu vi niii non rgng den vdi muai mdu, ben ngodi co eon sdng nho quanh eo khudt khiic (song Ngd Ddng) thdng vdo trong hang ndi, thuyen nho

cd the chd vdo dUge (Tam Cdc)"'^'

Rd rang la khdng chi vua T r i n Thai Tdng tu h d n h d dpng

Vu Lam, ma vua T r i n Nhan Tdng (chau cua vua T r i n Thai Tdng) cdng tu hdnh d ddng Vu Lam

P h a i chang, ddng Vu L a m vda hiem trd, bi m a t , t i n h

(1) "Thd van Ly - Tran" - Tap 2- NXB KHXH - Ha Ndi - 1989

(2), (2) "Kham djnh Viet sU thdng giam eUdng muc" - Tap I - NXB Giao due

- Ha Ndi - 1998 - Tr.550

MOT VUNG SON THUY HUV TiNH

lang, an toan vda ca dpng, di lai thuan tien, la mot dia diem

ly tudng thdi ay

Nhu the h a n h cung Vu Lam da dugc xay dUng tU ndm

1258, cd the cdn tdn tai den sau ndm 1295 Dd la nai tu

h a n h cua cdc vua T r i n va la hau cd trong cudc k h a n g chien chd'ng quan Nguyen - Mdng l i n t h d hai (1285)

Di nhien cac vua T r i n khdng d day lau, chu yeu d can

cd Thien TrUdng (Nam Dinh), Thang Long, Yen Td (Quang Ninh) H a n h cung Vu Lam chi Id mot diem ddng chan cua cdc vua T r i n trong mot thdi gian nao dd Du nhU the, khu di tich Hanh cung Vu Lam, nay thudc xa Ninh Hai v i n cd gia tri lich sd cao Am Thdi Vi, cdc cung dien khac khdng cdn, nhUng ddng sdng Ngd Ddng, cau da, con dUdng, ben Thanh, nen am Thai Vi, hang da (Tam Cdc) vd nhdng ngon ndi cao hung vi bao bpc h d n h cung Vu Lam xUa nay van cdn vdi nhdng ten gpi cu

*

Cd the ndi, Ninh Binh la nai p h a t nghiep de vUang: Ndm

968 Dinh Bp Linh len ngdi Hoang de d Kinh dd Hoa Lu Nam 979, Dinh Phe De (Dinh Todn) len ngdi Hoang de d Kinh dd Hoa Lu Ndm 980, Le Dai H a n h len ngdi Hoang

de d Kinh dd Hoa Lu Nam 1005, Le Trung Tdng (Le Long Viet) len ngdi Hodng de d Kinh dd Hoa Lu Cung n a m 1005,

Le Ngoa T r i i u (Le Long Dinh) len ngdi Hodng de d Kinh

dd Hoa Lu Ndm 1009, Ly Thdi Td (Ly Cdng Uan) len ngoi Hoang de d Kinh dd Hoa Lu Vd han 300 ndm sau ngay Dinh

Bp Linh len ngdi Hoang de, ngay 2 t h a n g 10 nam Dinh Hgi

(1/11/1407), T r i n Ngoi (Gian Dinh De) lai len ngdi Hodng

de d Md Dp (Yen Md Thugng) tdc Cda Can (Yen Md, Ninh Binh) Tran Ngdi la con thd cua vua T r i n Nghe Tdng Vao cudi thdi Hd (1400-1407) T r i n Ngdi da t a p hgp lUc lugng khdi nghia chdng quan Minh xam lugc va da ddnh tan quan Minh d ben Bd Cd (thdn Hieu Cd, xd Yen B i n g , huyen Y Yen, tinh Nam Dinh) ngdy 14 t h a n g 2 n a m Mau Ty (1408) Den thdi ky dau t r a n h chd'ng n h a Minh dd hd (1414-1427), n h a n dan Ninh Binh da t h a m gia cudc k h a n g chien chdng quan Minh cua Le Lgi d can cd dia Khdi Huyen (nay thudc huyen Nho Quan, tinh Ninh Binh)

Thang 12 n a m N h a m D i n (thang Gieng n a m 1423), tudng

Ma Ky cua quan Minh Udc h e n vdi vua Ai Lao tCr hai mat cung danh vdo Quan Da (nay thudc huyen Quan Hda, tinh Thanh Hda), Le Lgi phai bd nai dd, lui ra Khdi Huyen de lap can cd dia mdi Sau dd 7 ngay, quan Minh cdng vdi quan

Ai Lao keo den Khdi Huyen danh quan cua Le Lgi Khi ay

ba anh em Mai Tuyen, T r a n Dinh, T r i n Ky da Idnh dao

n h a n dan Khdi Huyen sdt ednh cung Le Lgi chien dau giup

Le Lgi thodt khdi vdng vay cua giac Minh Sau dd n h a n dan Khdi Huyen dd cung vdi quan cua Le Lgi chien dau ngoan cUdng d a n h bai quan Minh, quan Ai Lao phai rut chay ve nUdc

Day la mdt t r a n ddnh Idn dugc coi la mdt trong nhdng

t r a n chien ddu oanh liet n h a t cua nghia quan Lam San Nhung hp cung phai chiu dUng bao khd khdn gian khd thieu

thdn Vl vay, trong bdi "Binh ngd dgi edo", Nguyin Trdi da

nhac lai can cd dia Khdi Huyen:

MOT VUNG SON THUY HLV TiNH

Khi Linh San luang het mdy tudn

Khi Khdi Huyen qudn khdng mgt dgi

Thdng 10 n a m Mau T h a n (1788) Le Chieu Thdng 1788) - dng vua cudi cung cua trieu Le da ciu vien 29 van quan T h a n h sang nUdc ta do Tdng ddc Ludng Quang Tdn Sy Nghi c i m dau The giac r a t m a n h Vi t h e , Ngd Thi N h a m

(1787-b a n vdi cac tudng si dinh ra ke sdeh lui quan ve deo Tam Diep h i n h t h a n h phdng tuyen Tam Diep - Bien San

Den ngay 20 thdng 11 n a m Mau T h a n (1788) Dai tU ma Ngd Vdn Sd theo dUdng bd lui quan ve gid ndi Tam Diep (Ninh Binh) Quan thuy chd luang thUc theo dUdng bien rut

ve ddng d Bien San (Thanh Hda) Nhu the phdng tuyen thuy

bp Tam Diep - Bien San da hinh t h a n h vdng c h i c n h i m dd dich vao sau ve phia Nam Ddng thdi, Ngd Thi N h a m cd dd ddc Nguyen Van Thuyet phi ngUa vao Phu Xuan cap bdo cho Nguyen Hue biet tin dd Nghe tin cap bao, ngay ngdy hdm sau, 25 t h a n g mUdi mpt ndm Mau T h a n (22/12/1788), Nguyin Hue xuat quan tien ra B i c Hd

Ngdy 20 t h a n g chap n a m Mau T h a n (15/1/1789) dai quan cua vua Quang Trung da ra den deo Tam Diep Tai deo Tam

Diep, Vua Quang Trung da ndi trUdc quan quan: "Nay ta tdi

ddy, tu ddc viee qudn, ddnh hay gid dd ed ke cd roi Chi trong mUdi ngdy, the ndo cung quet sgch qudn Thanh Sau khi thdng trdn phdi kheo dung nggn but thay gidp binh Viec dd ta giao cho Ngd Thi Nhdm"

Vua Quang Trung da ha lenh ddng quan d Tam Diep Mudi ngay sau, ngay 30 t h a n g chap n a m Mau T h a n (25/1/1789), Vua Quang Trung md tiec khao quan d deo Tam Diep va

tuyen bd' trUdc ba quan: "Nay hdy ldm le dn Tet Nguyen ddn

trUdc, dgi den ngdy 7 thdng Gieng vdo thdnh Thdng Long

se md tiee lan Cdc ngUai hdy ghi nhd Idy ldi ta ndi, xem co ddng the khdng"

Su viec dien bien dung nhu vua Quang Trung ndi: Chi trong 5 ngdy, vua dd chi huy quan si dap tan 29 van quan Thanh xam lugc Ngay mdng 5 tet Ky Dau (1789) vua Quang Trung chien t h i n g Idn d t r a n Ngpc Hdi - Ddng Da tien vdo giai phdng Thdng Long

Nhu the, deo Tam Diep da la nai nghia quan Tay San d trong 40 ngay (td ngdy 20 t h a n g 11 ndm Mdu Than), vua Quang Trung d trong 10 ngdy (tU ngay 20 den ngay 30 t h d n g Chap n a m Mau Than)

Khi thUc dan P h d p xam lugc nUdc ta, n h a n dan N i n h Binh da tham gia phong trao chdng Phdp dUdi sU lanh dao cua cu P h a m Van Nghi (1805-1881) - mdt vien quan yeu nudc, mpt nhd t h a chi khi, ngUdi lang Tam Ddng (nay thudc

xd Yen T h i n g , huyen Y Yen, tinh Nam Dinh) d Ninh Binh

cd N g u y i n Van G i i n tdc Thien hd Gian (1822-1892) que tdng Bdng Hai (nay la thdn Ndm, xd Khanh Thien, huyen Yen Khanh) cung ddng len lanh dao n h a n dan chdng P h a p Khi vua Ham Nghi ban chieu C i n Vuang, Nguyin Tu Tuang (1844-1898) ngudi thdn Thu Dien, xa Ninh Nhat, huyen Hoa

Lu (nay thudc thi xa Ninh Binh) cung ddng len Idnh dao

n h a n dan Ninh Binh ddnh Phap

T h d n g 6 n d m 1929, Ddng Duang cdng s i n D a n g dugc thdnh lap d B i c Ky Den thdng 7 ndm dd, cdc chi bp Viet Nam Thanh nien Cach mang ddng chi hdi d Ninh Binh dugc chuyen t h a n h chi bp cua Ddng Duang cdng san Dang