ci@ mn tmn m^ Kmm i&^^ Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo biin viet bang Han van co ciia tac gia Nguyen Tii Man - mot danh nhan van hoa tinh Ninh Binh - la mot cong trinh khao ciiu co gia
Trang 2Anh bia: Thap chuong Chua Hung Long lang ThU Dien,
xa Ninh Nhat huyen Hoa Lu, tinh Ninh Binh
Anh: Hoang Nguyen Tii Khiem
Trang 3NINH BINH TOAN TINH DIA CHI KHAO BIEN
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CHIBAHEBA
HO'
NGUYMTir
Trang 5NGUYEN Tir MAN fj 5-yi.l ^
NINH BINH TOAN TINH
DIA CHI KHAO BIEN
NGUYEN MANH DUAN
Dich bo sung va hieu dinH ^<-"' -^
NHA XUAT BAN CHINH TRI QUOC GIA
Ha Noi - 2001
Trang 7ci@ mn tmn m^ Kmm i&^^
Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo biin viet bang Han van co
ciia tac gia Nguyen Tii Man - mot danh nhan van hoa tinh Ninh Binh - la mot cong trinh khao ciiu co gia tri ditdc lUu giii tai Vien Han Nom Cuon sach la ket qua sUu tam, chon loc, bien soan trong mot thdi gian dai vdi mot tam long nhiet tinh va tinh than trach nhiem vdi ddi sau ciia tac gia Toan bo kien thiic lich sii, tii nhien,
xa hoi cung nhU con ngiidi Ninh Binh trong giai doan lich sU each day hdn 140 nam (ke tii khi cuon sach ra ddi) da diidc phan anh kha day du qua 29 muc trong tac pham nay Cong trinh da diidc to chiic dich va hieu di'nh cong phu nhiing kho tranh khoi nhiing han che nhat dinh Chiing toi mong nhan diidc y kien dong gop cua ban doc de l&n xua't ban sau co dieu kien bo sung, hoan chinh them Chiing toi hy vong cuon sach se la tai lieu tham khao hiiu ich, cung cap cho ban doc mot nguon tU lieu c6 gia tri doi vdi nhiing nha nghien ciiu lich sOf, nhiing ngiidi quan tam nghien ciiu con ngiidi, thien nhien, xa hoi cua viing dat co Co do Hoa Lit Dong thdi day ciing la mot nguon tU lieu c6 gia tri giiip cho viec soan thao dia chi Ninh Binh hien dai
Thdng 6 nam 2001
NHA XUAT B^N CHINH TRI QUOC GIA
Trang 9Mo Cu Nguyen Tii MSn
Anh: Hoang Nguyin Tii Khiem
Trang 11Danh nho Nguy§n Tii M i n (1816 - 1901), tac gia cuon
sach Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien la mot trong nam
ngiidi (Trifdng Han Sieu, Ninh To'n, Pham Than Duat, Vu Pham Khai, Nguyen Tii Man) ditdc gi6i thieu trong sach
Danh nhan vdn hod Ninh Binh tap I (xuat ban nam 1998),
dong thdi la mot trong so 39 ngUdi tii thdi Dinh Le den giiia the ky XX, diidc trung tam UNESCO thong tin tif lieu lich sii
Van boa Viet Nam gi6i thieu trong sach Danh nhan ddt Ninh Binh (xuat ban nam 2000)
Nhan dip ky niem 100 nam (1901 - 2001) ngay mat cua
Cu Nguyin Tii Min, dUdc sii giup dd cua Tinh uy, UBND tinh Ninh Binh va cua cac cd quan Khoa hoc - Van boa
Thong tin tinh, ban dich cuon sach Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien ciia Cu difdc chinh thiic ra mat ban doc
Chiing toi, hau due cua Cu Nguyen Tii Man, dong ho Nguyin Tii, lang Thu Dien, xa Ninh Nhat, huyen Hoa Lu vo Cling xiic dong va biet dn sii quan tam cua cac dong chi lanh dao tinh Ninh Binh va cac cd quan da tao thuan ldi cho viec xuat ban cuon sach nay
Trang 128 NINH BINH TOAN TINH DIA CHI KHAO BIEN
Chiing toi xin tran trong cam dn Ong Pham Manh Tuyen,
Bi thii tinh uy Ninh Binh da viet ldi gidi thieu, danh gia cao
tac pham Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien ciia Cu
Nguyen Tii Man, va sii dong gop ciia Cu vao sii nghiep Van boa - Xa hoi, to dep them Que hiidng va Con ngitdi cua Co' do Hoa Lif
Nhan dip cuon sach ditdc xuat ban, chiing toi xin ghi nhan sii dong gop nhiet tinh va bay to long cam dn chan thanh tdi:
Ong Nguyen Manh Duan, ngitdi c6 long men mo Cu Nguyen Tii Man va yeu men Ninh Binh da c6 cong dich cuon
sach Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien
Ong La Dang Bat rat nhiet tinh, vdi trach nhiem cao, da gop phan Cling chiing toi situ tam, doi chieu, siia chfla lan dau va danh may ban dich
Ong Nguyen Thuy Lfng mac du thdi gian eo hep, cong viec ban ron, da danh thdi gian quy bau giiip chiing toi doi chieu, hieu dinh, hoan chinh ban dich
Cac chau ngoai ho Nguyen Tii nhu Le Thi Nham Tuyet, Dang Hflu Hiing, Nguyen Viet Tien, Nguyen Sao Nam va cac con re ho Nguyen Tii nhif Ngo Hoang Hai, Hoang Ba Thinh rat nhiet thanh vdi to tien, tich ciic dong gop vao viec sflu tam ban dich, to chflc do'i chie'u hieu dinh ban dich, to chflc
ban thao, to chflc xua't ban, dfla cuon sach Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien - tfl nguyen ban Han van (Ma so' A.922) da tflng dfldc lflu trfl rat can than d Vien Han Nom,
nay dfldc xua't ban de pho bien rong rai
Trang 13LOI CAM ON
Cuo'i cung chung toi xin tran trong cam dn Nha xua't ban
Chinh tri Quo'c gia da to chflc xua't ban cuon sach Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien dung dip ky niem 100 nam ngay
mat cua Cu chung toi - tac gia: Danh nhan Nguyin Tii Min
Ngay 6 thdng 5 nam 2001 T.M hau due Cu Nguyin TH Man:
- Tang ton (chat) Nguyin Tie Nhu, 99 tuoi
- Huyen ton (chiit) Nguyin Tii Ngan, TrUdng chi ba, he ba, ddi thfl 10 ho Nguyin Tii, 72 tuoi
Trang 15Khu mo to bo Nguyen Tii
Anh: Hoang Nguyin Tie Khiem
Trang 17Trong cac trflde tac ve di san van hoa dat Ninh Binh con
dfldc lflu gifl tai Vien Han Nom thi Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien cua danh nho Nguyen Tfl Man, co mot gia tri
phfldng phap khao cflu, ong viet: " Ddi vdi mon hoc dia ly, diidc cha toi day cho tii thua tre, vi the toi dd de tain xetn xet, tim hieu khap ndi, khdo sdch Tdu, hoc hoi sdch ta, tim hieu
ve ngiidi vd ddt, cho ndo ngd thi tim hoi, cho nao thieu thi bo sung, viet ra thanh vdn trinh bdy thdnh tiing muc, gop lai thdnh mot tap, dat ten Id Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien "
Ong khao cflu rat cong phu khong nhflng ve tong the Ninh Binh ma con di sau vao tflng phu, huyen, tong, xa theo
29 muc, tfl dia phan, khi hau song nui den nhan vat va cac che do kinh te - xa hoi qua cac trieu dai
Dac biet trong sach tac gia con khao cflu bien soan nhieu van bia thd phfl ciia cac vua chua cac tao nhan mac khach
Trang 1812 NINH BINH TOAN TINH DIA CHI KHAO BIEN
ve phong canh va con ngfldi Ninh Binh Rieng ve nui Due
Thuy qua cac ang thd van trong sach nay co the noi day la
mot di san thd khac tren nfli da do so eong phu vao bac nhat
nflde ta
Vdi tinh yeu que hfldng nong nhiet tae gia y thflc sau sac
ve muc dich khao cflu dia chi Ninh Binh, ong viet: "Ninh
Binh Id ndi xiia vua Dinh difng do d Hoa Lii Triidng Yen Id
ndi do hoi vdn vat dau tien vd Phiic Thdnh ftHc Triidng Hdn
Sieu) Id Thdi Sdn Bac dau cua riing Nho, vdi nhiing thdng
cdnh, nhUng nhan vat tieu bieu " Va dan ldi cua vua Minh
Menh, ong viet: "Ninh Binh Id cudng hong cua xii! Bac Ky"
Tim hieu tac pham, chflng toi nhat tri vdi GS Dinh Xuan
L a m \ GS Le Thi Nham Tuyet^ cflng nhieu ngfldi quan tam
den que hfldng Ninh Binh va cac hau due noi ngoai cua dong
ho Nguyin Tii, nhfl: Nguyin Tii Nhu^ Nguyin Tii Ngan"
,Nguyen Viet Tien^, Dang Hflu Hflng®, cho ring: viee bien
dich va xuat ban cuon sach nay se la mot dong gop khong nho
cho cong cuoc nghien cflu Ninh Binh ve nhieu mat: dia ly,
lich sii van boa truyen thong va van boa dan gian Cung vdi
cac dia phfldng trong ea nflde chung ta se tim hieu sau sic
hdn ve thien nhien, da't nflde, con ngfldi Viet Nam nham phat
huy noi lfle cua minh trong thdi dai mdi
1 Chu tich hpi dong khoa hoc Trung tam UNESCO thong tin tU lieu
lich sii van hoa Viet Nam
2 Giam doc trung tam nghien ciiu Gidi Gia dinh va Moi trUdng trong
phat trie'n (CGFED)
3 Giao vien hUu tri, 99 tuoi
4 Nguyen Chuyen v-ien 6 ^'
5 Thii trUdng Bo Giao thong van tai
6 Quven Tong bien tap Tap chf Khoa hoc va To Quoc
Trang 19Ldi GlOl THIEU 13^
Dfldi anh sang Dai hoi dai bieu toan quo'c lan thfl IX eiia
Dang ve xay dflng chien Iflde phat trien kinh te - xa hpi tfl
nay den 2010 va T i m nhin 2020 cflng vdi cae dia phfldng
trong ca nflde, Ninh Binh can co nhflng cong trinh nghien cflu
sau sic ve cau true khong gian cua cac yeu to' tfl nhien xa hoi
va con ngfldi, trong do co viec ke thfla di san cua ong cha de
lai, ma Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien la mot trong
nhflng nguon tfl lieu quy gia
Ngay nay, chflng ta thfldng noi den viec phat huy the
manh eiia dia phfldng Caeh day khoang 140 nam (ke tfl khi
cuo'n sach ra ddi), tac gia Nguyen Tii Man da lflu y: "Ninh
Binh la yet hau cua Bic Ky" Hay nhfl vflng dat Hoa Lfl, ta
da danh gia va phat huy nhfl the nao vi the co' do ciia nflde
Dai Co Viet-nha nflde diu tien tho'ng nhat giang sdn ve mot
moi
Han day con la cau hoi Idn doi vdi cac nha khoa hoc va
nhflng ngfldi hoach dinh chinh sach
Cuoi cflng, chung toi xin bay td long kinh trong sau sac
vdi danh nho Nguyen Tii Man Ong sinh nam 1816, mat nam
1901, tho 86 tuoi Ong da trai qua suot 10 ddi vua nha
Nguyen, tfl ddi Gia Long de'n ddi Ham Nghi, tfl thdi thinh tri
de'n buoi suy tan va chflng kien canh dat nflde hi thflc dan
Phap xam lan d i n bd coi Ong luon song g i n dan, va cflng cac
bac 81 phu khac nhfl Vu Duy Thanh, Ninh Ton, Pham Van
Nghi, Vu Pham Khai, Nguyen Thfldng Hien c6 nhflng hanh
dong tich cflc to ro khi tiet bet long vi dan vi nflde Ong con la
nha sfl pham khong met moi va la nha thd vdi nhflng v i n
Trang 2014 NINH BINH TOAN TINH DIA CHI KHAO HIEN
thd, cau do'i Nom dae s i c , dong gop vao kho t a n g van thd nom
nd ro trong the ky 19
Bdi vay, viec to chflc x u a t b a n cong t r i n h k h a o cflu Ninh
Binh todn tinh dm chi khdo bien va t h a n the sfl nghiep ciia
d a n h nho N g u y i n Tii M i n trong dip ky niem 100 n a m ngay ong ta the la viec lam bo ich va eo n h i e u y nghia N h a n dip nay va vi nhflng le t r e n , toi xin t r a n trong gidi thieu cflng b a n
doc cuo'n sach Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien do N h a
x u a t b a n C h i n h tri quo'c gia a n h a n h
Ninh Binh, ngay 30 thdng 4 nam 2001 Pham Minh Tuyen - Uy vien Ban Cha'p hanh
Trung lidng Dang, Bi thii Tinh uy Ninh Binh
: ; 1 > ! • •
: ) ' f l ; ' i
Trang 21Noi ve sfl gin bo gifla Ngfldi va Dat, nha thd Che Lan Vien sau mot thdi gian d cflng mot mien dat dai Tay Bac, da
de lai hai cau thd xua't than: "•
"Khi ta d chi la ndi ddt d Khi ta di ddt bong hod tam hon" !
Hoan toan eo the noi nhfl the, ve sfl d va di, sau mot thdi gian d va di, cua mot ngfldi Ninh Binh - cu Nguyen Tii Man,- doi vdi dat Ninh Binh Mot ddi ngfldi, cho dfl da tho
qua tuoi "xiia nay hiem" nhfl Cu, cung chi la khoanh khac
gifla sfl d va di muon thud Nhflng may man lam sao, khi Cu trong khoanh khac ay, khong chi da khien cho dat Ninh Binh thanh ra tam bon ciia mot ngfldi, ma la ciia ca mot cong dong ngfldi; cung nhfl khdng ehi ciia mot ddi ngfldi hflu ban, ma
cdn la ciia nhieu the he ngfldi vo ban, bang cong trinh Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien' de lai cho chung ta
Cu Nguyen Tii Man bat diu sfl d cua minh tren dat Ninh Binh, khi da't nay chfla c6 ten Ninh Binh, nhat la chfla dat dinh thanh mot ddn vi hanh chinh hoan chinh va tron ven, c6
1 Khao ciiu dia chi tinh Ninh Binh
Trang 2216 NINH BINH TOAN TINH DIA CHI KHAO BIEN
quy mo, co than phan - se mai la trong dai va rat mflc than
thfldng do'i vdi moi ngfldi d day - la : "Cd'p tinh" Va vi the ma,
cung chfla co hai tieng goi t i t ve dat nay, nhfl ta van ruot ra
ma goi t i t : "tinh Ninh", giong nhfl cu Min, phai ddi den mia ddi ngfldi sau mdi dfldc h i n g goi: "Duy, toi vdn sinh d tinh Ninh nhd "
Cai "tinh Ninh" ay, d ddi vua Gia Long khai sang ra trieu
Nguyin, nam tri vi thfl mfldi lam (tflc la nam 1816), khi cu dfldc sinh ra, cung nhfl vao ea mot thdi gian dai trflde day, tfl ddi Le, ddi Mae, de'n ddi Tay Sdn - vdi bai vflng mien cd ban trong cau true to thanh: phia dong la dong b i n g ven bien, phia tay la doi go, rflng nui, thfldng v i n quen chi dfldc
nhin nhan nhfl la bai ddn vi hanh chinh "cap phd, huyen",
mang cac dia danh: khi la Trfldng Yen, khi la Yen Khanh cho p h i n phia dong, va khi la Thien Quan, khi la Nho Quan cho p h i n phia tay va van ehi eo vi tri la bo phan phu thuoc eiia: khi thi tran Thanh Hoa d phia nam, khi la tran Sdn Nam d man dong bac va co khi lai la ca tran Hflng Hoa d
tan tren tay bic • • <
Vi the, vao nam tri vi thfl mfldi hai cua ddi vua thfl hai trieu Nguyen la vua Minh Menh, tflc la nam 1831, luc Nguyen Tii Man vfla mfldi sau tuoi, tren ban do nflde Dai Nam nhat tho'ng ngay ay, lan d i u tien, gifla mot loat cac ddn
vi hanh chinh mdi tfl nay dat dinh nhfl cac tinh "Nam Dinh,
Hd Noi, Hiing Yen, Hdi Diidng, Thanh Hod ," - xuat hien mot "tinh", mang ten "tinh Ninh Binh", thi hien nhien, khong
chi do'i vdi Nguyen Tii Man, ma la do'i vdi tat ca nhflng ngfldi bay lau v i n song tfl mien dong b i n g ven bien Trfldng Yen (Yen Khanh) d man ben dong, len den tren mien rflng
Trang 23DAT KHONG CHI LA NOI TA 6 17^
nui Thien Quan (Nho Quan) d hfldng phia tay Do la mot sfl
kien doi ddi va la sfl kien de ddi Nghia la da cd mot "tinh", va
trd thanh ngfldi eiia mot "tinh": "Tinh Ninh Binh"
Co le, chi CO dieu khac hdn, gifla tat ca nhflng "ngiidi Ninh
Binh", cu Nguyin Tii Min, tfl niem hflng khdi, tfl hao ve sfl
tfl nay the la co mot tinh de lam que hfldng, Cu da nhanh f—^——'
chdng hinh thanh nen mot niem khao khat, me say va mot ' ^
-cong phu cham chut de biet, de bieu, sao cho dfldc ngay cang \ < VK • 't;
ky Ifldng sau rong, dung dan, va nhat la loan truyen cung j ' ~ '_?
nhfl lflu truyen dfldc nhflng hieu biet ay tdi cho moi ngfldi, ve ] ^-\ '••
"tinh Ninh nha'l Sach Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien, \ I]^^ "
chinh la mpt "phiidng thiic tdi Uu" de Cu thflc hien noi niem, j ^ *'
tam trang va y chi ay ciia minh, dung nhfl dong chfl cuoi ma
Cu da viet d "Ldi tif a" ciia cuon sach " muon cho ngiidi doc,
md quyen sdch, la biet diidc khdi qudt" ve tinh que hfldng
Lien ngay sau bang chfl cuoi cua "Ldi tiia " nay la dong "
Lac khodn" ciia Cu: "'Viet trong khi diidng benh tai que, sau
ngdy Ram thdng Tam, nam Nham Tudt, nam Tii DUc thii 15"
Chuyen thdi diem nay sang dfldng lich, d6 la nam 1862,
tat ca sfl nghien cflu va ldi binh ve cu Nguyen Tii Man, va
cong trinh Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien eiia Cu, deu
cho ring, day la thdi diem viet nen hoac hoan thanh cuo'n
sach nay Nghia la, cu Nguyen Tfl Man da lam va lam xong
cuo'n sach nay d dp tuoi bon mfldi bay ciia minh
"Tin thap nhi bdt hoac", ngay xfla d vao dp tuoi bon mfldi
khong phai nghi ngd dieu gi nfla, nhfl the tflc la da diy du sfl
chin chan cho viec hoan thanh mpt cong trinh thfl tich de cho
Trang 2418 NINH BiXH TOAN TINH DIA CHI KH.-\0 BIEN
mpi ngudi md ra dpc la co the n h a n biet dfldc k h a i q u a t ve
t i n h que hfldng va do da la mpt sfl d a m bao hflu hieu ve gia tri va chat Ifldng cua tac gia cflng nhfl ciia tac p h a m
Tuy nhien, n e u dpc ky trong cong t r i n h cua Cu se n h a n r a
nhflng "tin hieu la", khong b i n p h u hpp vdi nien b a n l a m
sach la n a m 1862 nhfl da dfldc n h i e u ngfldi xac n h a n C h a n g
h a n nhfl d muc "Duyen each' ten ddt" luc noi ve: "Phu Thien
Quan CO 3 huyen : Phung Hod, Yen Hod, Lac Yen", nhflng lien
ngay day Cu lai viet k e m ngay mpt cau: "Nay bdt di huyen
Lac Yen" Mpi each dpc Ifldt sach Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien, deu hieu r i n g , chfl "nay" d day la dflng de ehi vao
thdi diem viet sach da dfldc xac d i n h la n a m 1862 Nhflng do'i chieu va t r a xet lich sii t h a y doi dia d a n h cflng cac ddn vi
h a n h chinh hoi cuoi t h e ky thfl 19 t r e n t o a n d a t nflde, thi
t h a y viec "bdt di huyen Lac Yen" ciia phii T h i e n Q u a n da xay
r a muon hdn, lien q u a n den viec thdnh lap tinh Hod Binh
Vao t h a n g 7 n a m 1886, da co q u y e t d i n h t h a n h lap t i n h mdi,
vdi ten gpi "tinh Miidng" T i n h ly eiia t i n h Mfldng n a y d a t d
Chd Bd (tren song Da), n e n da co luc t i n h Mfldng con dfldc gpi
la t i n h Chd Bd De'n t h a n g 11 n a m 1886 lai e6 quyet d i n h ddi
t i n h ly cua t i n h Mfldng (tinh Chd Bd) ve xa Phfldng L a m Vi
t h e t h a n g 4 n a m 1888, doi t i n h Mfldng t h a n h t i n h Phfldng
Lam Sau do, ngdy 18 thdng 3 nam 1891, doi ten "tinh
Phiidng Lam" t h a n h "tinh Hod Binh" Cflng luc, cac ddn vi
h a n h chinh thuoc t i n h Hoa Binh nay cflng dfldc xac dinh la cac huyen (chau): Mai, Da Bac, Lfldng Sdn, Ky Sdn, Lac T h u y
1 Su giQ nguyen va thay doi
Trang 25DAT KHONG CHI LA NOI TA 6 19
va Lac Sdn Huyen (chau) Lac Sdn d day chinh Id do huyen
Lac Yen ddi thdnh Nhfl vay la, sfl kien "bdt di huyen Lac Yen
(Yen Lac)" cua tinh Ninh Binh, chuyen sang cho tinh Phfldng
Lam (tflc tinh Hoa Binh), tren thflc te lich sii da dien ra vao
khoang vai ba nam quanh nien diem 1891 Cung co nghia,
chfl "Nay", chi dung luc Cu viet nen cau van nay, ghi lai
thong tin ve sfl kien nay cua tinh Ninh Binh Khong phdi de
chi va la nam 1862; "Nay", khong phdi khi Cu bon mfldi bay
tuoi, ma la sau day gin 30 nam, khi Cu da d vao tuoi ngoai
bay mfldi lam!
C6 le con thay nhieu "tin hieu la" tfldng tfl nhfl the nfla,
chd biet nhflng sfl the, sfl tich xuat hien, ton tai va dfldc dfla
vao sach Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien khong phai
la vao nam 1862, ma la sau day It lau sau, vi du nhfl bai "Ky
bia mo Bdng nhan Cdt si Vd Duy Thanh" chi den nam Tfl
Dfle thfl 18, tflc la nam 1865, mdi dfldc chinh Cu soan thao,
va dfla vao muc "Bdi tich danh nhan di mac" ciia sach; hoac
nhfl "Bdi ky s^a itii vdn tii hai huyen Phung Hod, Lac Yen",
do Vfl Pham Khai soan nam Tfl dfle thfl 17, tflc la nam
1864 Con lau hdn, sau nam 1862, thi nhfl khi viet ve chd
tinh, Cu viet: trflde kia d phia tay bac thanh eiia tinh, den
nam Tfl Dfle thfl 25 (tflc la 1872) Tham chi trdng "Bdt tich
danh nhan" co nhflng bai thd chi xuat hien vao cae ddi vua
Dong Khanh (nhflng nam 1886-1888) va Thanh Thai (nhflng
nam 1889-1907) cflng van dfldc Cu biet den, va viet vao sach,
nhfl bai thd eiia Nguyen Thfldng Hien viet nam Binh Tuat
ddi Dong Khanh (1886), bai thd cua Le Thi Tii viet nam Quy
Mao ddi Thanh Thai (1891)
Trang 2620 NINH BINH T O A N TINH DIA CHI KHAO BIEN
Vay la sao? Mot quyen sach da viet xong tfl nam 1862 may chuc nam trflde sao lai co nhflng thong tin ma chi sau day may chuc nam mdi xuat hien?
Chung ta ehi eo the giai thich dieu do nhfl sau:
Thd nhat, nien dilm "Tii Ddc nam thd 15" (1862) ghi d dong "Lac khodn" d cuoi "Ldi tiia", chi la thdi gian viet nen doan "Ldi tiia" ay hoac la thdi gian viet xong bdn thdo dau ciia Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien
Thii hai, va day mdi la dieu quan trpng, do la sau khi da
hoan thanh ban thao d i u tien, co the day chinh la cong trinh
ma d p h i n "Khdo ciiu tong chiidng" - p h i n nay, eo kha nang
la sau day Cu viet them, roi ghep vao sach Cu da nhieu lan
dflng chfl "nguyen bdn' (ban go'e) de ndi ve cong trinh sd thdo nay, chang ban nhfl : "Hat phd Yen Khdnh co hai con dddng, nguyen bdn khong noi den, nay cung ghi ro", "ndi Cdi Sdn vd True Sdn, ngu-yen bdn khong co, nay them vdo " va viet "Ldi tiid" cho ban sd thao nay vdo nam 1862, thi: trong nhieu nam sau day, tham chi cho den khi Cu s i p mat (vao ddi Thanh
Thai), cfl mdi khi co dip, co them thong tin, tfl lieu, cu lai viet
them (lenh cho con trai viet them), vfla lien tuc bd sung, vfla luon luon cap nhat hod cho toan bp cong trinh eiia minh
May m i n lam sao, bay gid ta lai ed the nhan ra hinh anh
cu the va that la song dpng ciia Cu, khi tram nam trflde, lam cong viec ky khu nay, qua may cau do'i tfl trao het sflc hdm hinh ciia chinh Cu:
"Sdng sdng dn sdng roi, cam quyen mdi, ky cui ky cdi viet vdi chiidng
Ngdy ngdy ngd ngdy day, vd cau cd, pheu phdo, pheu phao ngam may chd "
Trang 27DAT KHONG CHI LA NOl TA 6 2 ^
Phai noi ring, cac the be chau eon, hau sinh moi khi co
dip dpc va ngam ve nhflng dieu lien quan den "Tinh Ninh
nhd" do Cu Nguyen Tfl Man de lai thi deu dfldc nhan ra va
hpc tap d Cu chinh la tinh thdn hoc thuat ky cdng, vdi tam
long tha thiet, than thfldng danh cho que hfldng Ninh Binh
ciia chung ta
Ve dieu nay, mot Ian nfla chflng ta dfldc k h i n g dinh bcli
tai lieu in trong Giai thoai idng Nho do Nam Chi tung thfl
xuat ban 1964 - ve each lam viee nghiem tue cua Cu: "Cfl le
thfldng, moi ngay ong viet 6 td giay chep mdi td 8 dong, ngay
nao ban khong viet dfldc thi bom sau viet bfl cho du so" Cflng
vdi tinh than me say ay, Cu da tfl vach:
' - ' • '' "Md lom, da nhdn, toe bctcphd
Md tai giiidng mat, gay dua gua
Co ai hoi lao chi la thich -^i 0 But miic, nghien cung sdch may pho "
Ve que hfldng Ninh Binh, ngay tfl gifla the ky thfl 19,
cflng luc vdi cu Nguyin Tii Min, khi Cu b i t tay vao viec viet
Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien, cflng xuat hien nhieu
sach vd khac nfla Ching ban nhfl Nguyin Van Sieu, ngfldi
cflng da dflde nhan danh bieu "thdn bdt" de sanh cflng thi
thanh Cao Ba Quat ma thanh bp doi "Thdn Sieu Thdnh
Qudt" trong cong trinh Dai Viet dia dii todn bien (gom 5
quyen), da gidi thieu va long ghep vao day hai quyen (la
quyen thfl 3 va quyen thfl 5), danh mot p h i n npi dung cho
Trang 2822 NINHBINH TOAN TINH DIA CHI KHAO BIE-N
thfl muc "Tinh Ninh Binh" Ching ban nfla trong bp sach Idn
quan phfldng, cua Qudc sii quan irieu Nguyen, vang menh
cua vua Tfl Dfle ma soan thio, la bp Dai Nam nhat thdng chi,
thi toan bp quyen thfl 14 la danh cho p h i n viet dfldi tieu de
: "Tinh Ninh Binh"
Gid lai doan viet md diu ciia quyen thfl 14, sach Dai Nam nha't tho'ng chi nay, se co phin ngae nhien khi thay, tflng cau chfl, tflng y tfl va so lieu, gifla sach nay va sach Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien cua eu Nguyen Tii Man deu gidng nhau Sfl thflc ay noi Ien ring, trong Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien, Cu da cd may l i n ndi den Dai Nam nhat thdng chii Va nhfl vay mot l i n nfla, chflng ta lai nhan thay, day
khong phai la sach chi dflpc soan vao nam 1862, ma la sach
"cda cd mot ddi ngdifi", sach "cua cd rnpt ddi tdc gid", neu muon noi chinh xac hdn thi la: "Cua cd nda cuoc ddi ve sau cua Cu" Va quan trpng bdn, day la cong trinh ky khu ve ea tinh t h i n hoe thuat, lan tam long do'i vdi que hfldng "tinh Ninh nhd", eiia cu Nguyen Tii Man
Cung vi luon san sang va tran day tinh t h i n cflng tam long nhfl the eiia Cu da khien cho cac the he sau nay dpc sach
ciia Cu cd dfldc sfl de dang trong viec tiep nhan nhflng gid tri nhieu mat vd phong phd, tfl trong tflng trang di cao eiia Cu
De dang nhan ra d Cu, mpt sdc doc rat Idn Ngay khi Dtii Nam nha't thdng chi cdn nghiem can n i m trong Quo'c sii quan
d Kinh dd Hue (Bp sach nay chi dfldc dem khic in vao thdi gian cuoi the ky 19), thi nhfl chung ta vfla thay, cu Nguyin
Tii Min - mac du tfl nhan la "mot thay do chdn que mda", da
tim dpc dfldc bp sach nay rdi Khong nhflng the, h i u nhfl tat
ca nhflng sach dia chi co truyen ma dat nflde c6 dfldc cho den
Trang 29DAT KHONG CHI LA N'Ol TA 6 23
thdi ay, tfl Dii dia chi cua Nguyen Trai ( soan nam 1435 ),
Hong Ddc bdn do (thdi Le thanh Tong 1460-1497), cho den
cac tae pham cua Le Quy Don, Bfli Dfldng Lich (the ky thfl
18) va dae biet la Dd dia chi cua Phan Huy Chu (dau the ky
thfl 19), Cu deu da dpc Nhflng khong ehi ed sach dia ehi ma
ca sach sii - tfl nhflng pho chinh sii, den nhflng tai lieu bo sii
(chang ban nhfl ldi cua Cu: "Ltii ddn chdng them bdng nhdng
sii tich thdnh hoang d cdc huyen dddi trieu Le", hoac van ldi
cua Cu: "Nay cdn cd vdo con sd phong "Ho" dd ghi theo so
sdch d cdc huyen" , nghia la ca nhflng tai lieu cu, lan tai lieu
dfldng dai - cflng deu dflde Cu tim kiem, phat hien va ghi
chep
Chang ban, cflng bdi tinh t h i n bpc thuat nghiem tue va
tinh nhan van sau sac, tac gia da dfla vao cuon sach Ninh
Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien p h i n khao sat va ghi chep
ve Den Mieu mpt each bet sflc tran trpng 0 phan nay, ben
canh nhflng tfl lieu khoa hpc phong phfl cung cap cho ngfldi
hpc, ngfldi dpc, ngfldi nghien cflu, chung ta cdn hieu them
tam bon ciia tac gia khi Cu say sfla viet ve cdng chfla Lieu
Hanh, mot nhan vat huyen thoai, day tinh each "ngddi Iran",
ditdc dan gian ton vinh tin ngfldng cung vdi ba vi thanh ma
thanh "td bdt td", va khi Cu kinh can ghi chep ve nfl nhan
vat lich sii sang chdi cua dan tpc Viet Nam: "Den thd thdn
Trieu du"
Khong nhflng the, Cu cdn dpc rat nhieu sach vd Trung
Quo'c tfl sii ky, dia ly den phong thuy, thien van nhflng dae
biet la nhflng sach dia chi ddi Minh, ddi Thanh, nhfl: "Thien
ha quan quo'c ldi benh thii\ "Dai Thanh nha't thdng chi\ , ke
ca "Vd bi chf Neu bay gid ta thay Cu lam mot "Thii muc"
Trang 3024 NINH BINH TOAX TINH DIA CHI KHAO BIEN^
liet ke nhflng tai lieu, sach vd, ma Cu da dan dung trong cong trinh eiia minh thi chic chin, day b i n se phai la mot bang tho'ng ke rat dai, vdi so' Ifldng phong phu bang tram va vdi chat Ifldng khoa hpc lich sii bd ich
Phai tim kiem roi dpc hang tram pho sach va tai lieu de viet nen cung ehi dfldc tram trang sach ciia minh Day rd rang la bieu bien cua mot sflc dpc Idn nhflng khdng chi cd
the 6 day cdn la pham chat tinh t h i n cflng thai dp hien
nhien cua mpt hpc gia, mot tae gia nghiem tflc, nghiem can Dieu dang lay lam la, la sflc dpc Idn ay, khong ehi dfldc Cu dem flng vao nhflng trang dong chfl viet, ma cdn - nhfl ta
thfldng ndi bay gid - hfldng ea tdi nhflng vflng "td lieu thifc dia" (hay "td lieu dien dd"), ngoai sach vd Trong Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien, nhflng chuyen "mat thay tai nghe" ciia chinh Cu, lam thanh mpt p h i n gia tri quan trpng ciia cdng trinh nay O "chdn ndi Da Gid" ma sao lai thay ed nhieu vo d'c hen? Hien tfldng dd da khien Cu suy luan : "Co le ndi d ndi ay, thud xda thugc ve bien chdng?" Cung vay, "tdm bia d chd huyen Idng Da gid" ma Cu dpc dfldc da khien Cu ket luan: mien dat Ninh Binh, "sau nhd Le trung hiing, lai thuoc vdo Thanh Hoa"
Nhflng ehi tiet sinh dpng nhfl the, va Idn hdn nfla, hang loat luan diem, cung vdi each thflc Cu dfla chung vao sach, dac biet la viec Cu sap xep, bd' cue chung vao chd nao, thanh
ra lam sao cho chat che, cho thich hdp can xflng, roi thi phan thanh cae loai de td thai dp va xii ly, dai de nhfl : thfl nhat la
nhflng dieu ma Cu da du ed sd de khing dinh "do Id sai lam" (nhfl "ten goi Id song Thien Phdi"), thi phai dinh chinh, cai chinh, "ddi lai cho ro hdn"; thfl hai la nhflng dieu "chUa ro Id
Trang 31DAT KHONG CHI LA NOl TA 6 25^
dau", "chiia co vdn bdn ndo chdng minh", hoac "co nhieu
thuyet khdc nhau" (chang ban nhfl : dia diem Van Sang, dia
danh Md Dp ) thi than trpng va khach quan "truyen ghi cho
sau ndy khdo ciiu", hoac "cd de cd, chd diidc phan tich"; va
thfl ba, nhieu nhat la "them vdo cho dit", "them vdo cho ro"
Tat ca nhflng dieu nhfl the, da cho thay, cflng vdi sflc dpc rat
Idn nhfl da ndi, d Cu eon ed ca mpt sflc nghi cung vfla rat rpng
Idn, lai vfla sau xa va chuan xac
Nhd vao sflc suy nghi ay cua Cu, dac biet la nhd vao
hfldng xii ly thd ba ddi vdi cac tai lieu va luan diem "them vdo
cho dd", "them vdo cho ro', cudi cflng mpt tinh binh vfla toan
dien, cd ban, vfla cu the, chi tiet ve Ddt va Ngddi, ve Ddi song
va Phdt trien, cua tinh Ninh Binh da dflde cdng trinh Ninh
Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien phan anh mot each sau sic
va de lai cho chung ta ngay nay Chi ein so sanh mpt vai
diem va tinh binh eiia tinh Ninh Binh dfldc phan anh trong
bp Dai Nam nhat thdng chi cua Qud'c sii quan trieu Nguyin
vdi sfl phan anh trong sach Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo
bien cflng cd the thay rd dieu nay
Ching ban nhfl ve dan so' Ninh Binh, sach Dcii Nam nhat
thdng chi, muc "Ho khau" dfldc dfla ra hai sd lieu: "Nam Gia
Long thd 18 • 9100, vd hien nay (ddi Tii Diic) - 31092" Nhflng
d Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien dfla tren tho'ng ke cu
the, chi tiet ve so' dinh cua tflng huyen va ea 7 huyen (ching
ban nhfl Yen Khanh ddng nhat: 9618 ngfldi; Yen Hoa, it
nhat: 2011 ngfldi ) dan so' cua tinh Ninh Binh do tac gia
Nguyin Tii Min tinh toan, da la 34475 ngddi, nhieu bdn so'
lieu ddi Tfl Dfle ciia trieu dinh nha Nguyen la 3383 ngiidil
Ve thue ruong, trong khi trieu dinh nha Nguyin thdng ke
Trang 3226_ NINH BINH T O A N TINH DIA CHI KHAO H1EN_
dflde, ve ddi Tfl Dfle 145629 miu 103394 hoc thdc 35208 quan tien, so vdi dpi Gia Long, tang dudc 12774 miu, 3910 hoc thdc, nhflng lai giam 23131 quan tien va 7 lang bac, thi
cu Nguyen Tii Min cflng dfla tren thdng ke ciia tflng huyen
va ca 7 huyen, da dfla ra nhflng so lieu 152742 mau, 107616 hoc thdc, 76706 quan tien va them ca 18 lang bac, so vdi so lieu cua trieu dinh thi thdng ke cua cu Nguyen Tfl Man vfla chinh xac, cap nhat, lai tang them dfldc 7113 mau, 4222 hoc,
18367 quan va 18 lang bac
*
Khdng nhflng chi "them vdo cho du", "them vdo cho ro' ve
mat dan so' va thue khoa, ma ca ve so' Ifldng ngfldi trdng
"Ngach binh", trong bien che cae "Nha mon" , sach Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien, so vdi sach Dai Nam nhat thdng chi deu diy du va ky Ifldng hdn b i n
Lam dfldc nhit vay va nhieu dieu dac sic khac nfla, ed mpt ddng ed ma chinh cu Nguyin Tii M i n da ndi ra thanh nhflng ldi tam buyet ngdi ca Que hfldng, Dat va Ngfldi Ninh Binh
that sinh dpng, khien cho ndi day khdng nhflng "Id cdnh dep ndi song Id nhdng nhdn vat tieu bieu", ma cdn "la ndi chda nhdng vat bdu cua trdi, ndi ndi tieng co nhieu danh thdng"
Dd chinh la t i m long cua mpt ngfldi Ninh Binh tieu bieu, do'i
vdi que hfldng Ninh Binh, dae biet la ddi vdi thdc the cd'p tinh ed
ten la Ninh Binh cua minh Cu Nguyin Tii Min ludn suy nghi sau sac va yeu cau nghiem can, nhfl da viet d phin "khao cflu
tong chfldng", trong "cdng trinh mpt ddi cua minh": "Thiei tudng
dd Id mot tinh, thi khong the khong co cdc khodn dy "\
Trang 33DAT KHONG CHI LA NOI TA 6 27
Vdi tinh than ay, gifla khoang d va di cua mpt ddi ngitdi
Cu da lam dflde mpt ky cdng khien cho Ninh Binh thanh ra
khdng chi la ndi dat d, ma cdn la tam hdn eiia tat ca chung ta
Viet de tdng que Me Ninh Binh,
de ky niem tron 100 nam Cu to di vdo coi vinh hang,
vd mdng dip xuat bdn cong trinh mot ddi cda Cu
Hau due, Chi ba, he ba, ddi thfl 10
Le Thi Nham Tuyet
Giao sfl Dan tdc hpc (Giam ddc Trung tam Nghien cflu
Gidi, Gia dinh va Mdi trfldng trong Phat trien)
Trang 34Ve Nguyen Tii Man, trong Giai thocii Idng Nho, Lang
nhan Phung Tat Dae viet: ong "van tai cao, khi tiet vflng" Nguyen Tii Man sinh ngay 14 thang 6 nam Binh Ty (1816) trong mpt gia dinh Nho giao Ong npi dd tfl tai, lam Trfldng huyen, rat thich sach co, mot tay ong da chep nhieu
bp sach do so Ong than sinh ra Nguyen Tii Man tuy khdng
dd dat nhflng rat thdng minh C) nha nudi t h i y day cho cac con, ong d sau tfldng nghe giang sach, d i n d i n "thiep liep kinh sfl" va da dien lai bang qudc am mpt sd' sach 6 lang cdn truyen tung mpt so' huyen thoai ve Nguyin Tii M i n nhfl sau:
"O gin xdm cd khu gpi la xfl Vfldn Viu, viu say um turn Sang sdm hay chieu tdi ba me Nguyin Tfl M i n di qua, nghe
thay tieng tre hpc bai, ba khan: "d day vang ve, hay ve lam
ban vdi cac con ta ma hpc tap Ta tuy ngheo nhflng cung dii chu cap" Khi ba mang thai Nguyen Tii M i n thi d xfl Vfldn Viu khdng cdn tieng tre hpc bai nfla
Thud thieu thdi, vi gia dinh tin d so' tii vi, Nguyin Tii
L Bai dang tren Tap chi Khoa hgc vd To quoc, ngay 5-7-1999
Trang 35NGUYEN TLT MAN MOT N H A N C A C H SI PHU 29
M i n khdng dfldc di hoe Mai de'n 15 tuoi qua "ban Idn" mdi
thflc sfl dfldc a n h ruot dd tu tai kem cap
Trieu Nguyen tfl Gia Long den Bao Dai ed ea t h a y mfldi
ba ddi vua, cudc ddi Nguyen Tii M a n da t r a i qua d u n g mfldi
nien hieu Sinh r a dfldi thdi Gia Long, Idn len dfldi thdi M i n h
Mang, mpt trong hai ong vua s a n g nghiep n h a Nguyen s a u
Gia Long Dat nflde dfldc md m a n g Vfldng trieu Nguyen dfldc
cung cd' theo k h u d n m i u n h a T h a n h Che dp t r u n g fldng t a p
quyen vdi h i n h thflc chuyen chinh tdi da dflde tao dflng Ngay
den viee hoc h a n h thi cii cung dflde "khudn p h e p hoa" chfl
H a n dfldc de cao va p h a i viet theo dflng Khang Hy tif dien
Lfle dd tuy cue dien da nga ngfl, dat nflde cd p h a t trien,
nhflng nhflng bie'n dpng lich sii cdn de lai nhflng a m vang C5
mien Bac, van cdn cd ngfldi ed t a m nguyen "hoai Le" M i n h
M a n g lai cd nhflng chii trfldng m a n g t i n h c h a t cflc doan chfla
tflng cd trong lich sxL Viet N a m nhfl "tfl b a t lap" h a y b i t p h u
nfl phai mac quan, cam mac vay, xuc p h a m de'n t a p q u a n cua
n h a n dan Che dp ruong da't va lao dich , n a n vd de lien tiep,
m a t m u a ddi kem va dich benh , n a n q u a n lai hao ly nhflng
Iam, t a t ca de n a n g len ngfldi ndng dan Mpt bp p h a n ndng
d a n cho'ng lai trieu dinh (rieng thdi M i n h M a n g da cd tdi 200
cupc khdi nghia cua ndng dan) Ngay trong hp N g u y i n Tvt,
ngfldi chu hp ciia N g u y i n Tfl M i n la N g u y i n Tii Dinh, do h a i
lan t u tai, cung t h a m gia phong t r a o khdi nghia cua P h a n Ba
Vanh, lam q u a n sfl cho nghia quan
Tfl n a m 1825 qua eac n a m 1833 1836 den 1838 h e n tie'p
nhieu dao du cam dao cua Minh M a n g dflde b a n h a n h , ngay
cang nghiem k h i c bdn, keo theo dd la nhflng vu k h u n g bd',
giet hai giao si va giao dan Ngay t r e n dfldng lang Gia Hp
Trang 3630 VIXH BINH T O A N TINH DIA CHI K H A O RIEN^
(ten cu ciia lang Thfl Dien que hfldng N g u y i n Tii M i n ) tai
k h u Ma Lim da cd nhflng vu h a n h h a giao d a n l a n g ben c a n h khi hp di qua lang nay
Tat ea nhflng bien dpng do deu a n h hfldng den sfl h i n h
t h a n h n h a n each cua Nguyen Tfl M a n
Nam 1841, ddi Thieu Tri, sau hdn mfldi n a m miet m a i den sach, N g u y i n Tfl M i n dd cit n h a n , luc dd da 26 tuoi Khoa cii la eon dfldng tien t h a n duy n h a t md ra trflde ngitdi t h a n h nien
x u a t t h a n tfl gia dinh Nho hpc nay Nguyen Tii M a n bai l i n
k h a n gdi vao kinh thi hpi, n a m 27 tudi va n a m 29 tudi
N a m 1845, vao tuoi "nhi lap", ong dfldc bo tri h u y e n Kim
A n h ' nhflng khdng h a m hd vi ndi buon " P h a n mong k h d n g do dfldc dai khoa" chfla ngudi Mpt p h i n vi x u a t chinh khdng phai la sd nguyen ciia ong Vfla n h a n chflc chfla dfldc bao lau, ong da " cao hoi cfl tang" T h a n g 6 n a m dd, mpt sfl kien Idn xay ra, t a u chien P h a p cap ben Da N i n g l a n thfl h a i gay sflc
ep do'i vdi trieu dinh, md d i u cho cac sfl kien d i n de'n viee
n h a Nguyen Ifln s a u vao chd p h a i ky nhflng boa flde n h u c
n h a de gifl lay ngdi vua Sfl kien dd, s a u nay k h i t h a m gia doan ddn tie'p sfl T h a n h , N g u y i n Tii M i n mdi rd N a m 1847, ong lam tri h u y e n Hiep Hoa (Bic Giang) tuy lau n h a t (vi t h e
n h a n d a n gpi ong la Hiep Hoa) nhflng cflng ehi lam ed b a i nam N a m 1849, ong dflde dieu vao p h a i doan cua t u i n phii Trfldng Hao Hiep cflng vdi tong ddc Le Van P h u c ddn sfl
T h a n h d L a n g Giai N a m 1850, s a u khi h o a n t h a n h n h i e m
vu, ong xin nghi vi "thuy thd b a t phuc"
Trong doan tiep sfl T h a n h , ong chi la mot "khoa dao hien
1 Nay thuoc Soc Sdn - Ha Npi
Trang 37NGUYEN TU MAN MOT X H A N CACH SI PHU 31
lfldng"giup viec cho eac dai t h i n cua trieu dinh Nhflng chinh
trong thdi gian dd t i m mat ong dflpc md rpng Qudc gia dang
d vao tinh the dae biet Dan tdc dang dflng trflde van de gay
gat tdn vong Hoa xam lang cua nflde ngoai gin ke Chd dfla
ma trieu Nguyen mong dpi la Thanh trieu td ra khdng dang
tin cay Be tie trong dfldng Id'i chinh tri, dfldng ldi cai tri,
trieu than da b i t dau hinh thanh be phai vdi chu trfldng ddi
lap nhau Quyen Ipi cua nha vua trai ngflpc vdi quyen ldi cua
nhan dan
Theo tfl duy Nho giao, Nguyin Tii Min khdng phai la
"dat" de ma "kiem thien ba" Nhflng each " dpc thien ky than"
(gifl gin lay sfl "thien" rieng cho minh) khdng thich hdp vdi
con ngfldi d tuoi 32 nhfl ong
Ong da tflng thay biet bao nhieu ngfldi ed pham chat tai
nang ma khdng the hien dfldc thanh sfl nghiep, thanh thflc te
cd ldi cho dan "Quay Iflng" do'i vdi the che chinh tri, tfl cho
minh cd cai quyen ehi sd'ng vdi thien nhien, vdi cay cd hoa la,
chim mudng, lam mot ngfldi an dat cung khdng phfl hdp vdi
tang mpt ngfldi xua't than tfl mot nha Nho ngheo g i n nhan
dan lao dpng nhfl ong Luc nao ong cung g i n bd vdi cdng
dong chung quanh Vi vay tfl bd "quan chflc" nhflng ong
khdng tfl bd "thien chflc" cua nha Nho "minh dfle tan dan",
"hpc nhi bat yem, hdi nhan bat quyen" ( hpc khdng biet
chan, day khdng biet mdi) Ong md trfldng day hpc ngay tai
que vd la xa Phuc Am, sat thi xa Ninh Binh (nay n i m trong
thi xa) Trflde thfl lap ngon la cdng viec cao quy cua nha
Nho Theo dao nha, ong vfla day hpc vfla di sau vao bien
dich khao cflu, sang tac
Tac phim diu tay cua ong la "Nguyin Tii Gia pha"
Trang 3832 XlXHBiXH TO.A.X TIXH DIA CHJ KHAO BIEN^
(1852), neu ro truyen thdng hieu hpc cua ddng hp (Hp Nguyin Tii, chi Thfl Dien, den dng la ddi thfl sau, khdng ddi nao khdng cd ngfldi do dat) Cflng trong thdi ky nay nhflng lfle nhan rdi dng di k h i p tinh Ninh Binh tham cac danh lam
t h i n g canh, ghi chep nhieu van bia, nhieu thd van ciia cac vua chfla, cae danh si tren nui da va khao cflu ve dia ly- "Ddi vdi mon dia ly, dfldc cha tdi day tfl thud cdn tre, vi the tdi da
de tam xem xet, tim kiem k h i p ndi, tham khao sach ta sach Tau, tim kiem ve ngfldi, ve dat, cho nao ngd thi hdi, chd nao thieu thi bo sung" Sau g i n mfldi nam, dng hoan thanh cud'n
Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien (1862)
Ngay 1-9-1858, tieng sflng cua Phap na vao Da N i n g md man cudc chien tranh xam Iflde nflde ta Mpt nam sau, Phap danh chiem Gia Dinh va Trfldng Dinh khdi nghia
Ddc hpc Nam Dinh, Pham Van Nghi tap hdp 300 "than bien binh dung" xin nha vua cho ra mat tran diet giae (1860) Nhflng trieu dinh khong cho Ngay 5-6-1862, ky hiep dinh nhfldng ba tinh mien Ddng lue tinh Nam 1867 Phap chiem not ba tinh phia Tay
Trflde van menh cua nflde nha, Nguyin Tii M i n khdng phai la khdng lo ling Nhflng d tuoi g i n 60, dng chi cdn biet thd dai:
Con niidc ddu md udng riidu co!
(Td vinh)
Doi vdi Nguyin Tii Min, khi Phap danh ra Bic cdn cay ding hdn Ha Npi, Hai Dfldng, Hflng Yen, Bic Ninh, Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh l i n Ifldt Ipt vao tay giac Tfl nay dng la ngfldi dan mat nflde Gifla luc dd dng lai dfldc lenh di lam
"quyen tri huyen Gia Vien" Caeh day gin 30 nam, dng da chinh thflc lam tri huyen ma dng cujig khdng phan khdi budc
Trang 39NGUYEN TLT MAN MOT N H A N CACH S ! PHU 3£
chan vao hoan Id, nay lai dfldc bo la mot chflc vu tam thdi nhfl
the Che dp phong kien nha Nguyin that da suy thoai, khdng
cdn sflc hip din cac nhan tai Hoan Id diy sdng gid, Nguyin Tvt
Hanh, em hp dng, do cii nhan khi 23 tuoi, lam quan den an sat,
da phai tfl vin vi be phai trong quan trfldng
Nam 1885, vua Ham Nghi ban chie'u Cin Vfldng
1885-1892 Nguyin Quang Bich khdi nghia Nguyin Tii Ngon la
chau va la hpc trd cua dng Cii tham gia phong trao nay, bi
Phap bit, da t u i n tiet trong lao nam 1898, dflng ba nam sau
thi dng Cii mat Hoang giap Dd Huy Lieu, em re Nguyin Tii
Ngon, ngfldi da tflng ngam vinh vdi bac vd minh, cung cao
quan ve tham gia phong trao Cin Vfldng Ong iing hp hanh
ddng ciia cae van than yeu nflde, nhflng nhin the cue dng thay
phong trao nay vd vpng
Ve mat sfl pham dng la mpt nha giao mau mflc Vdi tinh
t h i n ciu thi, khach quan, khao di ve van ban va huan bd ve
cau chfl, dng da chfl thich nhieu sach ed nhfl Kinh Thi Ngay
ca nhflng sach cho ngfldi mdi hpc, dng cung chu giai can than
(nhfl Tam tii kinh chu gidi) Trong Nam thien Td Tii Kinh,
khi chu giai, dng neu nguon gd'c ciia dien tich den sfl kien lich
sii nhfl mud'n huy dpng nhflng trang lich sii huy hoang ciia
dan tdc, khdi day long yeu nflde cho the he sau
Cang ve gia dng cang ky giii tam tfl vao trang sach Ong
dich nhieu tac pham chfl Nom, nhfl Am that ddng dien ca, da
dfldc Tich Thien Dfldng in nam 1875; sflu tam nhieu ang thd
vSn hay, nhfl Sd kinh tdn trang ciia Pham Thai Ong lam
cdng viec nay nhfl mpt bien tap vien nha xuat ban ngay nay,
gidi thieu than the va sfl nghiep eiia cac tae gia Ve Pham
Thai, dng viet: "Ong tfl be den Idn bet gap gia bie'n lai gap
qudc nguy, trai bao canh ngd dang cay ma van cang dieu
Trang 4034 NINH BINH T O A N TINH DIA CHI KHAO BlgX^
luyen, vo du Iflde thao c i m ky thi boa deu t i n h thao Khdng
p h a i bac t o a n tai ma dfldc the sao? Tiec t h a y ed tai ma khdng gap van!" Day la tieng thd dai cho t h a n p h a n P h a m T h a i h a y cho chinh minh?
Ong la mpt n h a Nho cd d i u dc thflc te Ong hieu sflc m i n h
cd the lam dfldc nhflng gi va lam dfldc de'n dau Ong dflng
p h i n Idn so' tien t h u n h a p diidc b i n g day hpc dich t h u a t va
x u a t b a n sach vao viec cai t h i e n c h a t Ifldng cudc sdng cho
n h a n dan trong xa: ton tao, siia chfla den chfla, v a n chi, dap
dfldng xa , xay c i u cdng Theo Minh ky Viing bien, mpt thfl
n h a t ky r i e n g ciia dng, nhflng viee nay da dfldc dng l a m nhieu lan, tfl luc mdi l a m q u a n den ca k h i ve gia
N a m 1865, khi dng 51 tudi, b a n g uy tin va d a n h vpng ciia minh, dng da cung Ddc bpc Ang N g u v a n dpng cac t r a i t r a n g trong v u n g dao n a n ddng sdng C h a n h giup t h o a t nflde n h a n h cho may xa d t a n g a n sdng n a y khdi hi u n g n g a p lau ngay Khi dng 85 tuoi, nghia la trflde luc m a t mpt n a m , dng da viet thfl cho h a i chau npi d a n g theo hpc dng cfl h a u due Hoang Giap Van Nghi d T a m D a n g Ong mud'n cac c h a u
m i n h s a u n a y Idn len p h a i sd'ng d a n g h o a n g cho r a mpt ngfldi
q u a n tii, p h a i biet tfl thflc ky Iflc:
May ldi nhdn nhd chau Dong, Nam,
He CO dn du phdi co lam
(Thii dan chdu)
Vdi t a m sfl cua mpt cu gia 85 tuoi, dng mud'n cac c h a u se
l a m nhflng viec ma dng k h d n g l a m dfldc: khdng r a hpp tac vdi
P h a p , phai theo t a m gfldng yeu nflde ciia cu H o a n g T a m Dang ( P h a m Van Nghi) Trong t i n h t h e bp may cai tri va
k h i p ndi, dfl biet la che dp khoa cfl da dflde bai bd d N a m Ky
va roi se den Ifldt B i c Ky va T r u n g Ky, dng v i n mfldn chuyen