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HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS NGUYEN THI PHUONG THUY INSTITUTIONS OF THE HEADS OF STATE IN THE WORLD AND REFERENCE VALUES FOR VIETNAM SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS MAJOR: POLITICS SCIENCE Code: 931 02 01 HA NOI - 2022 The thesis is completed at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics Supervisor: Prof Dr Sc PHAN XUAN SƠN Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The thesis shall be defended in front of the Thesis Committee at Academy Level at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics At the time of date month year 20… The thesis can be found at the National Library and The Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics INTRODUCTION The necessity of the thesis The renovation work initiated by our Party and leadership over the past 35 years has achieved many outstanding achievements of historical significance But compared to many countries in the region and internationally, there is still a gap, even quite far in many aspects The government has many shortcomings (the apparatus is still cumbersome, overlapping, wasteful embezzlement, bureaucracy, industrialization, and modernization are not yet commensurate with its potential) One of the tasks of the current strategic significance of the Party and State has been mentioned by the Resolution of the Party Congress through the congresses, which is to renew the political system, building a socialist rule of law state, in which perfecting institutions, reforming and streamlining the state apparatus, Developing human resources plays a very important role Resolutions of the XI and XIII Congresses of the Party mentioned the study, determination, and clarification of the role of the Head of State of the State President This is an important political and legal basis for studying and perfecting the institution of the Head of State of Vietnam and learning international experiences to further promote the contribution of the Head of State in the process of national construction and development The institution of the Head of State in Vietnam has constantly changed during the revolutionary period, expressed in important documents, such as the Constitution of 1946, 1959, 1980, 1992, and 2013 and currently has not been properly researched both in theoretical and practical terms As a special institution in the structure of the state apparatus that exercises state power, it has an important position and role The President of Vietnam under the socialist republic state government needs to ensure the power of the Head of State to promote more effectively The power of the President has many things that have not been clearly defined or regulated but have never been implemented in practice At the same time, as the head of the country, exercising state power delegated to the state by the people, the President also needs to show responsibility to the people in performing his duties, their powers are provided for by the constitution and by law The exercise of the President's authority also needs to be known by the people, questioned by the people, examined by the people, and must be controlled This control is to show representativeness, the authority that the Head of State is given by the people to the person in the highest position responsible for leading the country, the head of the state apparatus This is also the requirement of building a socialist rule of law state of the people, by the people, for the people fully and substantively The “State of a democratic democracy, by the people, for the people” is fully realized only when the people have full rights to exercise their control and supervision The model of the Head of State in the renovation period still has many inadequacies and many studies and the legal assessment of the President is the lowest in the political system Currently, there are not many studies to evaluate the overall inadequacies and limitations of approaching the political perspective There are few political studies combining interdisciplinary with other sciences in the world, so there is no overall and multi-dimensional view of this institution Especially, there are few studies on the institution of a Head of State in transition countries and socialist countries, as well as studies that refer to the values of the institutions head of state in the world for these countries The experience of innovation in deploying the leadership role of the Head of State to the head of the party has been recognized by many socialist countries and there is also a precedent in our country that needs to be analyzed and clarified both advantages, and limitations in the process of renewing the political system in the spirit of the resolutions of the National Party Congress Therefore, the study of the institutions head of state in the world contributes to reference values to perfect the institution of the head of state in Vietnam with theoretical and practical significance Therefore, the PhD candidate chooses the topic “Institutions of the Heads of State in the world and reference values for Vietnam” to a doctoral thesis, majoring in Politics Science Research purpose and research task of the thesis 2.1 Research purposes Analysis and clarification of the political, legal, and functional, role and authority of the Head of State in the organization and exercise of state power in the world, draw reference values for Vietnam 2.2 Research task Firstly, clarify the rationale and institutional practice of The head of state in the organization and exercise state power Secondly, analyze the institutions Heads of State of some countries in the world today (by selecting some typical state models); an overview of reference values for Vietnam Thirdly, analyze and clarify the current state of the State President's institution in Vietnam, and provide views, directions, and solutions to apply reference values Research subject and research scope of the thesis 3.1 Research subject Institutions Heads of State in the world and Vietnam 3.2 Research scope - About space: The thesis studies the institutions Head of State in the world through some typical countries, which focuses on this institution in some polity models (presidential republic, representative republic, mixed republic, constitutional monarchy, socialist republic - Soviet model) - About time: The thesis mainly studies the institutions Head of State in the world and Vietnam in the current period Some historical aspects are mentioned and analyzed to make this institution more clear at present Methodology and research methods 4.1 Methodology The thesis uses the methodology of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's ideology, the point of view of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the State of Vietnam, and political theories of organization and exercise of state power; the methodology of political science; comparative approach 4.2 Research methods The thesis uses the method of system analysis; functional structure analysis method; comparative method; synthetic analysis methods; professional solution New scientific contributions System of basic theoretical issues about the Head of State and the institution of the Head of State; overview of reference values and arguments, the argument for perfecting the institution of Head of State in Vietnam Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis 6.1 Theoretical meaning - Increasing specialized knowledge; can serve as a reference for the study of the State apparatus in general, the study of the institution of the Head of State in particular; making research and teaching materials in political science and legal science training institutions - Can be referenced in the study of renovation and improvement of the political system in general building the rule of law state in particular in Vietnam 6.2 Practical significance The research results of the thesis will provide arguments, scientific arguments and world experience in the process of building and perfecting the socialist rule-of-law State and renewing and perfecting the State President's institution in Vietnam Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendices, the thesis is divided into chapters and 15 periods Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH WORKS TO THE THESIS 1.1 WORKS RELATED TO THE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS ON THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE HEAD OF STATE Firstly, groups of domestic research work and abroad have shown the concern of society and the country for the Head of State Secondly, several research works interpret the institution of the Head of State according to institutional models Thirdly, several studies have discussed the function, and role, of the electoral mechanism, the formation of the Head of State, and common commonalities Fourthly, the research works have deeply analyzed the Head of State mixed republic model, drawing remarkable conclusions about the institution of the Head of State Fifthly, many domestic and foreign types of research have deeply on controlling power over the institution of Head of State and State management 2.1 WORKS RELATED TO THE ORGANIZATION, ACTIVITIES OF THE HEAD OF STATE AND REFERRED VALUES Firstly, domestic and foreign documents refer to the activities of the Head of State, focusing on the practice of the Heads of State in countries (China, USA, Japan, France and Singapore) Secondly, the works on basic rights are the most representative of the Head of State of the world Thirdly, the content of the works referring to the reference values, explaining current issues refers to the Head of State institutional reference as the effectiveness of models and comparisons Which focuses on the study of the “mixed republic” regime, typically the French Republic 1.3 INSTITUTION OF THE HEAD OF STATE IN VIETNAM, ORGANIZATION ACTIVITIES, REQUIREMENTS RENEWAL AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE STATE PRESIDENT’S REGULATIONS IN VIETNAM Firstly, an overview of the works on the actual status of the President's activities in Vietnam Secondly, on the renewal and improvement of the State President's institution in Vietnam 1.4 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RESULTS OF PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS TOPIC Firstly, the research works on the institutions Head of State in the world are quite diverse in terms of positions, roles, functions, duties, and authority of the Head of State and approaches from the perspective of comparative politics, describing the characteristics of each political model Secondly, the research works related to the thesis topic focus on stating and describing the types of power of the Head of State Thirdly, relevant studies have mentioned the issue of controlling the power of the Head of State, and the need to control the power of the Head of State from the institutions in the political system Fourthly, research works clarify the powers of the President in Vietnam's political regime The coordination with institutions of state power Fifthly, relevant research works clarify the requirements and requirements of the new period on perfecting the state presidency in Vietnam 1.5 ISSUES THAT NEED CONTINUOUS RESEARCH The thesis needs to be further researched to clarify theoretical issues and practice on the institutions Head of State in the world and reference values for Vietnam Firstly, systematically summarize the history of the formation and development of the institution of the Head of State, clarify the theoretical and practical basis for the institution of the head of state in the organization and exercise of state power Secondly, the thesis researches analyze and clarify the institutions Head of State in the world today through the selection of some typical state models Thirdly, study the characteristics of political institutions and the characteristics of the Presidential institution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to propose orientations and solutions to renew and perfect the regime of the President of Vietnam 1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES Thesis research question: The institutions of different heads of state in the world have different characteristics, models, and theoretical bases, what is the practice, and is it possible to apply some of the reference values of this institution in the world? for perfecting the institution of the President in Vietnam? Research hypothesis: The institutions head of state in the world has the following characteristics and models and very different approaches 11 The theory of the head of state is extremely rich, spanning human history The term “head of state” is a Sino-Vietnamese phrase, understood as the head of a country or country In the Vietnamese dictionary, “head” or “head of state” is defined as the head of a country or a country According to the English dictionary the head of state “is the embodiment of the political community and the permanence of the state, perform ceremonial functions with the status of a national symbol in domestic and foreign affairs”, “as the official head of the country” In short, the Head of State is the head of the state, the head of the state, and represents the state in domestic activities In foreign affairs, depending on the form of the state, there are different names, positions, roles, and responsibilities 2.2.1.2 The concept of the institution of the head of state Gather a group of legal regulations on the head of state, and establish the position, role, and authority of the Head of State in the State apparatus and political system Depending on the different forms of state, the head of state regulations on the head of state is named, different positions, roles, and responsibilities 2.2.2 Classification of institutional models of heads of state 2.2.2.1 Classification according to ideology If classified by ideology, There are two main models in the world today: the model of capitalist countries and the model of socialist countries 2.2.2.2 Classification according to the main form There are forms of polity including: Absolute monarchy; Parliamentary monarchy; Parliamentary Republic; Presidential Republic; Mixed Republic; Socialist Republic 2.2.2.3 Classification by the level of authority 12 Consists of main types: The Head of State has formal power and the Head of State has real power 2.3 COMMON FEATURES OF THE INSTITUTIONS HEAD OF STATE IN THE WORLD AND REFERENCE VALUE 2.3.1 Mechanism for selecting and establishing the head of state There are ways to select and establish the Head of State: (1) Inheritance; (2) People vote; (3) The National Assembly elected 2.3.2 Position, role and function of the head of state The head of state assumes two major general roles, namely (1) functional role in the state apparatus; (2) functional role in the political system Based on, analysis and evaluation of political positions, relationships of political structure, the most common contents, properties, and characteristics, An overview of the positions, roles, functions, and authority of Heads of State of countries is as follows (1) Head of state; (2) Performing legislative functions; (3) Performing executive functions; (4) Performing judicial functions; (5) Head of state in the political system, relationship with a political party 2.3.3 Power and control over the power of the head of state The concept of power and political power is studied quite popularly in many parts of the world The classification of power of the Head of State can generally be classified into groups The purpose of controlling the right of the Head of State is to protect the legitimacy and effectiveness of power, to force the state to strictly comply with the provisions of the Constitution, and the law, ensure the true nature of the authorization given by the people to the state, in which the head of state is one of the most important factors representing the state, exercise that power on behalf of the people 13 Chapter INSTITUTIONS OF THE HEAD OF STATE IN THE WORLD (FROM THE PRACTICE OF THE USA, FRANCE, JAPAN, SINGAPORE AND CHINA) 3.1 THE HEAD OF STATE HAS REAL RIGHTS 3.1.1 The institution of the head of state in the Presidential Republic model (the case of the United States) The President of the United States is elected directly by the voters; one is the center of American state power, with the role of head of state, national representative, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces The President of the United States has full authority to implement policies and laws that have been passed by Congress throughout the country The President manages and directs the activities of ministries, committees, and centers to create consistency in the implementation of policies The President of the United States has a special relationship with political parties, considered the political “leader” of his party 3.1.2 The institution of the head of state in the mixed republic model (the case of the French Republic) The French president is directly elected by the people The position of the president is in the executive branch; has a great influence on the political and social life of the country and has strong executive power, is the center to keep the balance for the operational activities of the State apparatus The French president has a direct relationship with political activities and political parties The President is often the representative 14 figure, the leader of his party; in the name of the state, and the highest representative in the implementation of state affairs on foreign affairs 3.2 THE HEAD OF STATE HAS FORMAT AUTHORITY 3.2.1 The institution of head of state in the model of a parliamentary republic (the case of Singapore) The President is the head of state elected directly by the citizens The positions of the president and prime minister in the executive branch; not act as the center of the state apparatus, is an institution that coordinates with agencies in the state apparatus, and plays a particularly important role in creating balance, and national harmony, connecting the spirit of common solidarity of the people's community Singapore has a pluralistic and multi-party system, but a single dominant party is in power (PAP), the highest leader of the Party is always the Prime Minister The President of Singapore is considered “Singapore's number diplomat” Singapore also carried out a revolution to amend its constitution in 1991 highlighting the role and legitimacy of the President as well as increasing the real power for the President and strongly promoting the counterbalance mechanism, controlling the balance of power of which the president is an important pillar.3.2.2 The institution of the head of state in a constitutional monarchy model (the case of Japan) The Emperor of Japan is the Head of State passed down the throne from generation to generation, respected as a great “symbol of encouragement and honor” in society, and is the national symbol for peace, stability, unity, and unity of the Japanese nation The emperor has no political power, and does not participate in politics, but also has certain ceremonial rights in foreign affairs and the interior is symbolic in form, 15 not the center of power of the State apparatus; does not participate in the activities of political parties 3.3 THE HEAD OF STATE OF THE SOCIALIST COUNTRY 3.3.1 The institution of the head of state in the People's Republic of China model The president is elected by the National People's Congress and can serve an unlimited number of terms Associated with each period, China's head of state has also undergone many changes If only based on the provisions promulgated by the constitution, the President of China has no real power, not at the head of any branch of power The President of China, in addition to representing the state, the head of state performs rituals and still holds an important position in the political system General Secretary of the Communist Party of China makes the President supreme power This is also a distinctive feature and a creative new point compared to the original Soviet socialist republic model 3.4 SOME EVALUATIONS OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF HEAD OF STATE IN THE WORLD 3.4.1 Similarities Firstly, the head of state is the head of state representing the entire nation, and ethnicity in domestic and foreign affairs Secondly, the head of state often has a high level of authority and is at the center of the state apparatus Thirdly, the head of state has the role of connecting and maintaining the balance of power, and interests among political groups, forces, and parties, maintaining unity and unity of a country Fourthly, the head of state is clearly defined in terms of authority and responsibility and tight control of power 16 3.4.2 Differences The most important difference is between the head of state with symbolic power - symbolism and the Head of State has real power The head of state with real power is the head of the executive branch, holds full executive power, and directly controls the executive branch's activities The head of state who has no real power according to the custom or provisions of the constitution appoints the prime minister with parliamentary approval From the difference in power above, the roles of the heads of state are also different 3.4.3 Advantages and limitations of polity models related to the power of the head of state The difference in the power nature of the heads of state in the polity models will create strengths, advantages, or disadvantages that are often difficult to assess and depend on the concept and perception of society about power, political values, and the specific historical conditions of each country, advantages and disadvantages depend on the consistency between position and actual power 17 Chapter INSTITUTION OF THE HEAD OF STATE IN VIETNAM AND SUGGESTIONS FOR REFERENCE 4.1 INSTITUTION OF THE HEAD OF STATE IN VIETNAM 4.1.1 Characteristics, history of formation The institution of the Head of State of Vietnam is the institution of the President of Vietnam all legal provisions related to the Head of State embodied in the constitution of Vietnam and other legal documents stipulating the position, roles, functions, powers, and coordination mechanism of the Head of State of Vietnam in the State apparatus and the political system Within the framework of the State apparatus, the current Head of State is mainly reflected in the 2013 constitution and several specialized legal documents, formed from the first legal document in the 1946 Constitution, through constitutional amendments in 1959, 1980, 19921, and 2013 4.1.2 The current situation and problems of the Vietnamese head of state Firstly, many contents of the powers and functions that ensure the representation of the head of state role of the Head of State of Vietnam have not been clearly defined Secondly, the role of dominating the armed forces and the operation of the National Defense and Security Council is still inadequate Thirdly, the institution of the State President has many things that are not yet feasible, many regulations are still open and have not been implemented in the actual work of the President The 1992 Constitution was amended in 2001 18 Fourthly, the legal framework for the operation of the State President is still incomplete and inconsistent Fifthly, the current state presidential system is still mainly procedural, and ceremonial, and has no real power, limiting the actual and active participation of the President Sixthly, the work reporting mechanism, accountability, and coordination work among relevant agencies in handling matters falling under the authority of the State President are not yet available or incomplete, not commensurate with the position and role of the President Seventhly, the control of power is still limited Eighth, the distribution and correlation of power in the political system and the state of the Head of State is not adequate, and the mechanism to represent the state in domestic and foreign affairs is still not substantial Ninthly, the system of the State President's apparatus is not adequate 4.1.3 Perspectives, requests and direction of perfecting the institution of the head of state in Vietnam * Perspectives and policies of the Party and State The Resolution of the 6th Central Committee of the XIII term recently affirmed “A correct, complete and profound awareness of the position, authority, duties of the President as head of state Continue to research, and clarify the task, and powers of the President according to the 2013 Constitution” * New requirements from the domestic and international situation The international and domestic context in the coming time poses new problems directly to the institution of the State President A new problem for the Presidential Institution is to promote the role of the President in the 19 exercise of executive power, how effective the judiciary and legislative body, not only in terms of ritual but also in substance in decision-making in terms of the highest person in the country in both foreign and domestic affairs * Requirements for perfecting the institution of the head of state of Vietnam: Firstly, about politics Secondly, economic and social Thirdly, about national defense and security Fourthly, on foreign affairs, and international relations Fifthly, the representative Head of State represents the nation and nation and promotes grassroots democracy and the people's right to mastery Sixthly, ensure to promote the effective and effective role of the Head of State * The priority is the similar, most common, universal values of Heads of State of all polity models The reference values of Head of State models in different policies need to be considered, even if the choice of polity model is suitable for the institution of the Head of State of Vietnam in the current conditions, meeting the above requirements Perspectives on the direction of perfecting the current State President's regulations, the thesis proposes the following options: Option 1: Maintain the current Head of State model (similar to the Head of State in the parliamentary republic model), undisturbed personnel organization of high-ranking agencies of the State apparatus and political 20 system, complete in the direction of supplementing and clarifying rights, powers and functions and supplementing the constitutional enforcement mechanism of the State President's institution in the 2013 Constitution Option 2: Same as Option and more political power Option 3: Change the model of the Head of State, range expansion, and give more power to the Head of State based on ensuring the comprehensive leadership role of the Communist Party of Vietnam over the State and society 4.2 SOME REFERENCES AND SOLUTIONS FOR PERFECTING THE INSTITUTION OF THE HEAD OF STATE IN VIETNAM 4.2.1 References and solutions according to Alternative Firstly, supplementing and perfecting the powers and functions of the position, the head of state role of the Head of State of Vietnam is to ensure the position of respecting the representative of the nation and nation Secondly, supplementing and perfecting the authority and perfecting the authority and perfecting the authority and responsibility in the legislative field Thirdly, supplementing and responsibility in the executive field Fourthly, supplementing and responsibility in the judicial field Fifthly, about controlling power Sixthly, supplementing and perfecting authority and responsibility in the field of foreign affairs Seventhly, supplementing and perfecting the organizational structure of the State President's apparatus 21 4.2.1.2 Advantages, challenges and guaranteed conditions for Option This option is easy to implement and highly stable because it does not change the institutional model and can be applied in practice In the condition that the constitution has not been amended, the most feasible solution is to institutionalize the contents that the constitution has not specifically provided for to solve the inadequacies in practice The disadvantage is that it has not been able to effectively promote the quick decision-making nature of the Head of State in deciding issues of high nature It is necessary to make quick decisions in cases where the country has a war or an urgent political or security threat The condition to ensure this option is dependent on the political determination of the leadership of the State apparatus, whose specific job is to promulgate the Presidential Law 4.2.2 References and solutions according to Alternative Plan 2: Complete Option and increase political power Merger and unification of the titles of General Secretary and State President are one 4.2.1.2 Advantages, challenges and guarantee conditions for Option To implement this plan, it is proposed to clearly stipulate in the Constitution When merging the titles of President and General Secretary, will solve some inadequacies in the role of dominating the people's armed forces as Secretary of the Central Military Commission By 2045, if our National Assembly is organized and operated professionally and professionally (this is also the general trend of the world) In such a context, it is appropriate to increase the direct power of the President 22 Personnel for the position of Head of State in this Alternative must be truly outstanding in virtue, capable enough to shoulder the great responsibility it deserves 4.2.3 References and solutions according to Alternative Along with solutions to improving the institution of the State President according to option in the long term, it is necessary to continue to consider the direction of innovation, and perfect the model of the Head of State in a basic way, and long-term future To implement option 3, expanding the powers of the Head of State on the polity model will have a fundamental change However, it should be especially noted that this innovation needs to start, stick with reality, overcome limitations, inadequacies and remove obstacles and difficulties from practice, at the same time inheriting the achievements and values of the State President's institution over the periods and selectively refer to the good experience of the institution of the World Head of State suitable for Vietnam to ensure the renewal of “principles” of political stability and regime stability Option can develop in two directions: The first direction, Option 3A: The head of state is in the executive branch, but the titles of General Secretary and President cannot be unified The second direction, Option 3B: The head of state is in the executive branch and holds the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam This model almost goes back to the model of the Head of State in the 1946 constitution However, the PhD candidate believes that in all polity models, the Head of State is active in the Parties, with many polities such as presidential republics, Mixed republics also leaders of the Party, all participating in the leadership of the state So if we follow the general 23 development trend and refer to the current world experience, especially theoretical experience and the practice of the Chinese Communist Party over the past time, option 3A is not a long-term trend for the future Therefore, it is necessary to focus on option 3B 4.2.3.1 Advantages, challenges and guaranteed conditions for Option The construction of a strong and unified rule of law state, effective coordination, and control of power depend heavily on the institution of the Head of State This regulation, of course, also depends on the personal qualities of the person at the head of the State Conditions for option 3, first of all, are completely dependent on the political will and determination to innovate of the Party and State Accordingly, the ripe condition is when there is the appearance of a special elite person who assumes the highest position in the Party, in the State This option gives great power to the Head of State, so it will lead to abuse of power, and control over the power of the Head of State should be established 4.2.3.2 Some guaranteed solutions for Option Firstly, about the overall model of the Head of State Secondly, on the additional Head of State jurisdictions of reference Thirdly, building a mechanism for people's supervision and control over state power, the power of the Head of State 24 CONCLUSION The Head of State is an important institution constituting the State apparatus in each country; is a symbol, symbolizing the strength of the nation, nation, has a profound position, role and influence in the political and social life of not only each country but also the region and the world, has been and is making very important contributions to all aspects of the life of each country and the whole world Nearly 95 years since the establishment of the Party and nearly 80 years since the establishment of the State, the President of Vietnam over the years has made great contributions of historical stature Through 11 generations of Presidents since the great President Ho Chi Minh - who gave birth to the Republic of Vietnam - the first President, the institution of the State President has been changed over the revolutionary periods, creating values and strong imprints associated with the country's history Depending on the specific circumstances, the system of the President has made different changes, however, in general, there are still many things that need to be clarified in the actual performance of the State President's duties, especially in the context of the global and regional situation is profoundly and comprehensively changing, our country integrates deeply into the world, in response to the requirements of the renewal process to promote its role, the contribution of the Head of State, the “elite” of the nation and the entire people in the exercise of political power in the period of national revival, strengthening the power control mechanism to reverse the risk of corruption of state power, the alienation of the ruling leadership team is an urgent requirement to make an important contribution step by step to bring our country, our nation moves to socialism for the sake of a rich people, a strong country, democracy, justice and civilization LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS OF THE AUTHOR RELATED TO THE THESIS Nguyen Thi Phuong Thuy (2020), “Some issues about the institution of the head of state in the world”, Communist Review (1), pp.95-99 Nguyen Thi Phuong Thuy (2021), “On the institutions head of state in the world today”, Political Theory Journal, (2), pp.127-133 Phan Xuan Son, Nguyen Thi Phuong Thuy (2021), “Ho Chi Minh with the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, integration of the highest values of humanity”, Academy of Politics, Ministry of National Defense, Vietnam People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi, pp.135 ... head of state in Vietnam with theoretical and practical significance Therefore, the PhD candidate chooses the topic “Institutions of the Heads of State in the world and reference values for Vietnam”... reference values of Head of State models in different policies need to be considered, even if the choice of polity model is suitable for the institution of the Head of State of Vietnam in the current