Giảm tiếng ồn sản xuất của các máy gia công gỗ

Cong nghiep rang vl GIAM TIENG ON SAN XUAT CUA CAC MAY GIA CONG GO Bii viet trinh bay kit qua nghien ciiu cic giai phap giam tilng 6n san xuSt cua cSc miy gia cong go Nghien cuu lua chpn hai thilt bi diln hinh dl phan tich nguyen nhan phit sinh tilng 6n, dl xu^t cic giai phip kha thi giam tieng on li miy bio thSm- cu6n ma hieu CP6-7, miy cua dia SA-4K Nhimg giai phip chinh dircrc triin khai nghign cuu bao g6m: giam tilng on o ngu6n phit sinh; giam tilng 6n bing chin ira; giam tieng on bJng hap thu im (tieu am) Kit qua nghifin c&u cho thiy hilu qua nhit giam tilng 6n cho cic may bao, cua dTa Ii ip dung tfing hpp cic giii phip each rung cho dpng co dien, diln diy cac ranh ho tran true dao, lip dgm din h^i 6p dla cua, trang bi hpp chin am, t ^ chin Sm Theo d6 dS giim tiengfin6 hinh trinh chay khfing toi 20dB, cf hinhfrinhlim vific tfii 21dB Dilu niy cho phep cii thi?n tfit dilu kign !ao dfing vi tiln toi dat muc yeu ciu theo tieu chuin qufic gia vl tilng on cfing nghidp TCr kh6a.- Chdn dm, Dpn cdch rung, Gidm tiing dn, Mdy bao CP6-7, Mdy cira dia SA-4K I MdfiAU n NQI DUNG, PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ Tieng fin cfii^ nghifip la dang fi nhiem cfi dnh huomg \an den nguoi tham gia sdn xudt vd moi trufing xung quanh Tifing fin cdc xuong gia cfing chfi bifin gfi la dang tieng fin cong nghifip Th^c tfi sdn xuat cho thdy tifing fin tai cac co so sdn xuat chfi bifin go nu6c ta hien thuong co miic am rdt cao tir 80 -140dB Khi ldm vifc o noi cfi tifingfinvcii tan so cao, cufing Ifirn keo ddi se gay su met mfii, gidm ndng sudt lao dfing, su gidm tap trung chii y lam viec tir dfi gidm chdt lugng hang hfia sdn xuat va tang tai nan lao dpng hay ddn toi cdc benh vfi thdn kinh trdm trgng Cfi nhieu nguyen nhan ldm cho tifingfintrong cdc xufing gia cfing gfi nuoc ta hifin vugt qud miic cho phep, nhung dfi cfi nguyfin nhdn chinh id cdc may va thifit bj gia cong voi trinh dp ky thudt khfing cao ma chua cfi cdc gidi phdp giam tifing on hieu qua 2.1 N$i dung, d6i tuffng va nguyen vat lien nghien cihi Nhifim vu bao ve mfii truong, tao ldp cdc qud trinh sdn xudt s^h hon la vin dfi quan trpng mang ti'nh toan can Dfii voi Viet Nam cdng tro nfin cap thifit, doi hfii co nhung nghifin Cliu sau rpng, thich iing voi tiing difiu ki^n san xudt cu thfi Kfit qua nghifin ciiu se la tdi lieu cdn thiet lam co so dfi dua cdc bifin phdp lam giam thifiu tifing on gia cong co gioi go, gfip phdn bao ve moi trucmg va ndng cao hieu qua san xudt 'TS Trir&ng Dai hpc Lam nghiep 96 - Nghifin Cliu tap tnmg vdo cdc ngi dung chinh; tifing fin cong nghiep va cdc phuong phdp chfing tifing fin cong nghi?p; khdo sdt tinh trang ky thuat may, phan tich nguyfin nhdn phdt sinh tifing fin; nghifin ciiu dfi xuat cdc giai phdp ky thuat gidm tieng fin gia cfing gfi trfin cac may difin hinh tai co so sdn xuat - Thifit bj khao sdt, ddnh gid va nghifin ciiu gidm tifingfin:cac mdy cua dia, mdy bdo thong dvmg dien hinh tai co sfif san xuat chfi bifin gfi quy mfi nhfi - Thfing sfl do: miic fln (dB), thang tifiu chudn Viet Nam va quoc te - Cdc giai phdp ky thudt: gidi phdp bdo dufing ky thudt mdy va thifit bi; giai phdp su dung cdc bfi phdn, co cau phu trg gidm tier^ on; thifit kfi chfi t ^ dem each rung, mdn chdn dm cho may lua chpn nghifin ciru tai co sfir san xuat 2.2 PhironDig phap nghieo cihi 2.2.1 Cdc phuong phdp nghien ciru chung - Phuangphdp ki thiea: tham khao cdc cong trinh khoa hpc co lien quan den n^i dung nghifin curu; phan tich cdc ket qua dd dugc nghifin ciiu tren thfi gifii, tir lira chpn cdc gidi phdp, cdc mfi hinh co cdu phii trg gidm tifingfinphu hgp TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH|; LAM NGHIEP SO - 2012 Cong nghiep riihg - Phuangphdp tinh todn thiit ki: dfim each rung, man chdn dm dugc tinh todn thifit kfi tren CO sfit tinh nang cfing nghfi, cdu tao ciia may thuc tfi; nguyfin veit lieu chfi tao thong dung, sdn cfi; sii dimg ly thuyfit ti'nh todn cdc co cdu, bg phdn cdch rung, each dm - Phuang phdp thuc nghiem: khao sat ddnh gid tinh trang ky thudt mdy, thi nghifim tifing on cfing nghifip dugc trifin khai tai co so san xudt 2.2.2 Phuang phdp xdc dinh vd thiet bi tiing dn sdn xuat a Xdc dinh dgc tinh tiing dn ciia cdc mdy Cdc ddc tnmg tifing on ciia may bao gfim miic dp suat am (trong cac ddi octa) va miic dm bien dfii dugc cdc difim kifim tra Chiing dupc xdc dinh theo tifiu chudn [8] va bang cdc phuong phdp sau -Trong trudng dm tu Chiing dugc coi la phfing khep Jcin hay phong cfi hdp thu am Ifin hoac khong gian mfif Phuong phap ndy Id CO bdn dfii voi tdt ca cac mdy vd la bdt bugc doi vfii cdc mdy cfi yeu cdu xdc dinh ddc tinh hufing biic xa 6n Cdc thi nghifim dugc tifin hanh phong cdnh rung chuyfin dung, gan tuong tu nhu cdc difiu kienfirmfii trucmg khfing gian song dm lan truyfin Trong moi trudng dm phdn xa Mfii tnrong co dia difim hay cdc phfing dugc lam kin Dfi nghifin ciiu theo phuong phdp ndy can cfi phfing rifing chuyen dimg thfi tich 100 dfin lOOOm^, tuong quan giiia kich thuoc nhfi nhdt va lom nhdt khfing lfin hon 4:1 vd khfing nho hon 1,5:1 Nfi cin dugc cdch dm, each rung vd c ^ ddm bdo tao mfii tnrong phdn xa - Trong cdc phong thdng thudng vdi trg giup cua cdc ngudn dm chudn.Theo phuong phdp cdn phai co ngufin on mdu chuan, cfi cac thiet bi cfi djnh vd hieu chudn cfing sudt am Trong phong tien hdnh miic dp sudt am va miic dm cdc difim tren bfi mat may lam vi|c, sau dfi ngufin man dugc ldp dat tai vi tri ndy tucmg t\r nhu mdy nghifin ciru - Tren khodng cdch lm tit chu tuyin ngodi cua mav- Phuong phdp la co ban nghifin ciiu tifing fin thuc tfi ciia cdc thiet bi san xudt Cac difim dugc bfi tri tren bfi mat dpc hai duong (tuyen) do: mat phang diing vd mat phdng ngang, nhu gioi thieu tren hinh Chung khfing cdn phai gdn tfii I m tii bifin vd bfi mat cdc mdy bfin canh vd gdn 2m tir cdc gfic phong (gian xufing) Sfi lugng difim toi thifiu can la Cdc difim cfin lai dirge bfi tri each dfiu vfii khoang lm Cdc difim chinh va phu mat phdng ngang dugc ldy a mia chifiu cao may, nghia Id h = 0,5H Nfiu muc ciia cdc difim khac voi miic trung binh lfin hon 5dB, thi xdc ldp cdc difim phu thfim giira cdc diem da dugc - -» , ^-^CCN ^ a_ f a |-p-^£:jj f^ t - 1> f IZ^^ HiDh Bo tri tuyen vd cdc diem do: a- trcmg m^ phing dunng; b- mit phing ngang; xcic dilm chinh; o- cac dilm phy; h- dO cao m|t phing so voi nen; d ^ lm Cac difim dugc bfi tri trfin bfi mat dgc hai dufing (tuyfin) do: mdt phdng dung va m^t phdng ngang, nhu gifii thi?u tren hinh Chiing khfing cdn phdi gdn toi lm tir bifin va bfi m$t cdc mdy bfin c^inh va gan 2m tii cdc gfic phfing (gian xucmg) Sfi lugng difim toi thifiu can la Cac difim 1^ dugc bfi tri each dfiu voi kjioai^ lm Cdc dilm chinh va phy mat phdng ngang dupc ldyfirmia chifiu cao may, nghia la h = 0,5H Nfiu mirc ciia cac difim khac voi miic trung binh Icm hom 5dB, thi xdc lap cac diem ph^'thfim giua cac diem da dugc Miic trung binh cua dp suat dm hay miic am trung binh tren bdn kinh gid dugc tinh theo cong thiic: Ty\P CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHf LAM NGHIEP S6 - 2012 97 Cong nghiep riing Kfit qud khdo sat tiiuc tfi cho thdy nhiing i , = i ^ + l g J - , dB (1) ngufin fin co bdn cdc may bao cdc hanh tiinh chay khfing vd lam viec Id tifing on cua a day Lep- muc octa trung binh cua ap suSt dgng hpc dong xody cuon trfin cdc am hay muc on trung binh tren be mat do, dB canh cua dao, cdc true dao va ciing khfing 4p = 101g(Zl**""')"*01g« = i^-i01g«(2) bi nen dot nggt cdc luoi dao tdc dpng Ngoai tifing on phat sinh dgng hgc cfin cfi Trong dfi L, (i= l;2; n)- miic ap sudt dm tifing fin CO hgc Nfi dugc tao boi rung dpng difim thii i; n- sfi lugng difim do; rog- bdn tir qud trinh lam vific ciia dpng co, cac bfi kinh gia chuan,m Nfi dugc tit tam be mat truyfin banh rang, dai, xich, rung dgng ciia true md toi nfi truang hgp cdn phdi tien dao cdn bdng khfing tfit vd hao mfin cdc hdnh dua kfit qua Ban kinh gia chudn cdn da, rung dfing ciia ban than mdy, cac vo may phdi Id mgt cdc tri so: 1,3 hay 10m; Vs- hay cdc bg ph$n phu trg khac Vfi miic dg tifing bdn kinh ciia ban cdu tucmg duong rs dugc ti'nh fin CO hpc thdp hon dpng hpc theo bifiu thiic: Bfi phdn chinh tao tieng fin dpng hgc Id cdc dao Trong hanh trinh Idm viec cfi thfim a(b + c) tifing fin cdt gfi Dao cat phdng, song song (3) vfii true cdt go se lap tiic va d|ip vfii go Miic cfing sudt o cdc ddi octa dugc xdc dinh theo todn bg bfi rpng phfii Difiu ndy gdy dao dgng cdc tho go vd dao dpng cua chinh phoi i , = i ^ + 101g^ (4) Dao dpng phu thufic ca vdo cdc thfing so luoi cdt, til miii cdt Chiing-tang lfin voi tang van Trong S= n.a.(b+c); S|=lml tfie cdt, chieu sdu cat va lugng ddy, tang len b Thiit bi tiing on cua cdc mdy voi chifiu ddi tifip xiic giiia dao va go tdng, nghia la vfii su gia tdng tuc thoi cua lugng phoi Thifit bi tifing fin cong nghifip cfi nhifiu cdt Tir logic vdt ly thay ro su gia tang dao loai dugc cdc nuoc trfin thfi gioi san xuat dfing dua den tangtifingfinvd bifin doi dm dp Trong nghifin ciiu sir dimg thifit bi tifing fin md hi?u SL 4001, san xudt tai Cgng hod lifin 3.1.2 Nhieng gidi phdp gidm tieng on d bang Diic.Thifit bi SL 4001 chuyfin dung dfi ngudn phdt sinh cac thfing so ddc tnmg chotifingfin,trong dfi a Gidm tieng dn tie dgng ca diin cfi miic fin (dac trung A) vd dp sudt dm (ddc tinh tuyfin tinh hay ddc tnmg C) Thifit bi lira chgn nghifin ciiu la may bao thdm-cuon ma hi?u CP6-7, ddy la loai thifit bj c Tiiu chudn on cho phep hien dang dugc su dung biln tai cdc co so chfi bien go quy mfi viia va nho Dgng co difin Dfi phuc vu cho nhdn xet, danh gid kfit qua cua may cfi cong sudt N = 4.5 kW, trgng lugng nhan dugc, nghifin ciiu da sir dung cdc tifiu chudn cua Viet Nam, TCVN 5965 : 1995 P = 48kG, sfl vong quay n = 2800 v/ph Dgng CO dugc lip trfin gid gdn ciing vdo thdn mdy (lieu chudn mo td va tiing Sn cua mdi Thuc tfi khdo sdt cho thdy qua trinh trudng - dp dung cdc gidi hgn tiing dn) lam vific dpog co bi rung m^inh, bifin dg rung ffl K £ T QUA NGHIEN CUtJ VA THAO LUAN trung binh dugc Id 1,5 cm Do vdy cdn dugc khdc ph\ic bdng cdch dat dgng co trfin d$m 3.1 Cdc giai phdp giam tieng on cho may bao each rung Vific lua chgn dang kfit can ciing 3.1.1 Nguyen nhdn gdy Sn dtndy bdo nhu cac kich thufic ciia dfim cdch rung khflng phai y ma dugc tinh todn ty mi 98 T^^P CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHl: LAM NGHIfiP S6 - 2012 Cong nghiep rithg - Vdt lieu sii dung la cao su dfi ciing trung binh CO [on] = kG/cm^ modun dan hfii dfing luclOOkG/cml - Kich thufic cdc dem (day, rgng, dai) dugc xac dinh trfin co so yfiu cdu kfit cdu kich thuo'c vd dp l\rc nen ciia nfi Theo Slavin I.I [4,8], ldy tdn sfi dao dgng rieng ciia dfing co va dfim nhfi hon Idn tan so cua luc kich thich, do: Chifiu cao ciia dfim h = 23 mm; Tfing dien tich dfim cdn thifit S = 12 cm^ Dfi ndng cao hj$u qud gidm tiengflntir dpng CO dien ta cfi the sii dung vo chup dgng co Vfi dugc ldm tir van go ddn ddy 4mm, phia lot phu vdt lifu cao su mfim Kfit qud khdo nghifim thu dugc: Khi ldp dgt dfing CO tren khung mdy miic fin cua no dat toi 78,5dB Ddt dgng co trfin tdm dfim cdch rung tifing fin gidm di dugc I,5dB Hifiu qua hon cd la kfit hgp cimg phuong an bao dfing co bdng vfi bgc each dm Nfi gidm dugc miic fin toiSdB d Gidi phdp thay ddi kit cdu dao Bdng each thay dfii kfit cdu dao cat cfi thfi gidm thuc tfi miic fin vd thay doi cd tan sfl cua tifing fin trfin cd cac hanh trinh khong tai va cfi tdi Tuy nhifin vific chfi tgo dao va true dao theo yfiu cdu doi hfii kinh phi cao, difiu cdn dugc nghifin ciiu vd gidi quyfit nhifiu vdn dfi 3.1.3 Gidi phdp gidm tieng dn bdng chdn dm Tur kfit cau mdy nghifin ciiu tifin hanh thifit kfi tdm chan am vfii hai myc dich chdn dm va chdn phoi bao - Kifiu dang tdm dugc lira chpn co dgng vom Ifing thuyfin Cac kich thuoc lira chgn theo kich thuoc tren may, chifiu cao dam bdo khfing ehe khudt tdm nhin cita hai cong nhan vdu-hdnh may (phia-truorc-vaphiasau) - Khung vfim bang thep gfic 30x30 mm lien b Gidm tieng dn bdng diin ddy cdc ranh tren kfit hdn true dao Vfi tdra vom phia ngodi bang tfin hoa day 0,75mm Phia Ifit cao su mfim day mm Cdc khe ranh o tryc dao giiia cdc ciia no va lufii dao ciing dnh hufimg toi miic on Thfing thuong dfi ndng cao hifiu qua chdn am Chiing tgo khd ndng tdng miic xody cac dong vat lieu Ifip nfin sii dyng la cac vat lieu cfi va ddn tfii tang on Difin ddy cac rdnh true kha ndng hap thy dm tfit nhu phfit, ni, bong dao th\ic hien khfing phuc tap, ta co thfi sir khodng d\mg porolon dang nhua deo Kfit qua sii dung tdm vom chan am da cho Kfit qud khao nghi?m cho thay giai phdp phep gidm tifing on hanh trinh chgy khfing difin ddy cdc rdnh hd trfin true dao Id khd hifiu dugc 4.5 dB, hdnh trinh ldm vi$c ~ 3.5 dB qua Mure fin ciia may a ca hanh trinh chay khfing vd hanh trinh lam viec giam di dugc tfii Nhu vdy so voi giai phdp cdch rung cho dgng gdn 10 dB CO giai phdp diing tam vfim chdn dm la khd quan, ngoai tdm chdn am cfin cfi tac dung Hifiu qua hon cd la tifin hdnh chfi tao cac chdn cac phoi bao tot true dao chuyfin dung vol cdc khe rdnh dugc Idm kin tbu dm (tOa dm) 3.1.4 dam c Gidm sd vdng quay true dao Gidi phdp hifiu qud gidm tifing fln cho may Gidi phdp gidm s6 vong quay tioic dao cfi ndy Id sur dung hop (vfi) cdch dm, hop cau tgo tiifi gidm tieng fin ciia may Tuy nhifin vdi mdy tir cac tdm vdt lieu: phia trfin, hai mgt cgnh, bao CP6-7 tgi co sfir sdn xudt, gidi phdp ndy phia trufifc vd phia sau Cdc tdm dugc lifin kfit gap nhilu phiic tgp ve ehe tgo va lap rap cdc co vfii bdng cdc khoa mfic tay ggt Khoang cdu bifin doi t6c dfi quay tryc dao T ^ CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH|: LAM NGHIEP SO - 2012 99 Cong nghiep ntng cdch tii thdnh vo hop toi mdy tir 80 100mm, cdc tdm dugc kfit cdu tir khung gfi vd hai go dan giiia chiing la phfit ni xay dung day 25nim Thanh vfi hop phi'a dugc tao cdc 16 theo mang vuong cdch dfiu 7,5mm, duong kinh lo 4mm cac tdm phia traoc va sau cfi cua dfi ddy vd ldy vat lieu gia cong va cdc ciia dfi dieu khifin mdy Cdc cua dupc dfing bang cac tdm vdn sgi va phot ni xdy dung Kfit cdu vfi hop each dm cho may bdo CP6-7 dupc dfi xudt thifit kfi chfi tao Theo tinh toan ly thuyfit miic fln dd gidm tir 95 xufing 84dB, ttie la dugcl IdB fi hdnh trinh chgy khflng, tuong ty a hanh trinh Iam vific da giam dugc tii 110 xufing 87dB, (gidm dupc 22dB) 3.1.5 Phdi A{)p cdc gidi phdp gidm tieng dn tu nguon vd bdng tdm chdn dm Tong hgp chung kfit qua ciia tijmg gidi phdp vd tfi hgp cdc giai phdp gidm on cho mdy bao nhu bdng vd bieu dfi minh hga hinh Cung tir cdc kfit qud nhdn dugc cho thdy cdc giai phdp dua la kha hifiu qua Theo dfi miic fin hanh trinh may chay khfing giam dugc tfii 18 dB vd cac hdnh trinh gia cflng giam dugc 16.5 dB Tuy nhifin, miic fin cua mdy sau dp dyng cdc gidi phdp gidm tifing fin a hdnh trinh ldm vific van cfinfirmiic cao (84.5 dB), vugt mirc cho phep theo TCVN 5965 : 1995 Difiu doi hfii can phai cfi cdc giai phdp tifip theo nhu sur dung cdc vfi hop tieu dm, trang bi cac dung cu chongfincdc nhdn Bang Tdng hgp cdc kit qudgidm tiing dn cho mdy bdo CP6-7 Dieu kien thir nghidm Mdy chua co giai phap May dugfC each rung ddng co Mdy dugc dien day cac ranh hdtren true dao May dugc trang bi tdm chan am Mdy dugc dp dyng dong thdi cac giai phap Mirc on is hanh Mi^ hti is hanh Mih: giam on, dB trinh chay khong, trinh Iam viec, Htr.ehay Htr.lam dB dB khdng vifc 93.5 101 91.0 99.0 2.5 2.0 83.0 90.5 8.0 10.5 90.0 97.5 3.5 3.5 75.5 84.5 18.0 16.5 • Mdy chira c6 ^t • htty'di • Mdy Oatfe, dp dung d ^ ffidi cdc gidl phip Hinh Bieu dd cdc kit qud nghiin cdu gidm tiing dn cho mdy bdo 100 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH? LAM NGHIEP S - 2012 Cong nghiep riihg Nh^n xet: - Dfi gidm tieng on cho cdc may bao cdc dpng CO dan dgng chinh cdn ddt thfim cac tdm dfim each rung vd ddt cdc vo hdp thu dm Cdc khe hfif giiia cdc tdm dfim ddn hufing trfin bdn mdy vd dao cdt nen difiu chinh toi khodng cdch lfin nhdt cfi thfi nhung khfing vugt qua gifii ban an todn gia cong Su dung cdc true dao tru tron dfiu vd cac ranh lap luoi dao cdn difin ddy Cdn bdng tflt cac true quay va u dao Lap ddt mdy trfin cac gfli cdch rung Su dung cdc man vd hop vfi hdp thu dm, vific su dung cdc mdn vd vfi cdch am khfing logi trii nhung gidi phdp nfiu trfin ma ngugc lgi ciing sur dung dflng thoi se cho hieu qud gidm tieng on rat cao 3.2 Gidm tieng on cho cac may cva dia 3.2.1 Cdc nguyin nhdn gdy Sn d mdy cua dia Nhiing ngu6nfinchinh ciia cdc may cua dia Id bp phdn d$ng ca va ddc bifit la ^ a cua Tifing fin tao cac dia cua quay gflm cdc phan kfit cdu va dpng hgc Nhifiu kfit qud nghien ciiu da xac dinh rdng, phdn d^ng hpc phin lfin cdc truong hgp khfing dnh hufing tfii miic fin chung, ngufin fin chinh ciia no - dao dOng ciia dia cua theo cac phuong va chu ylu theo phuong ngang, phuong vufing gfic vfii bdn cua Dao dfing ciia dia cira dugc xet hanh trinh chgy khfing va hdnh trinh lam vi^c va phu thufic vao lap dia cua, vao dfi phang, dgng mo cua, loai gfi, dg dm go gia cong va cac thflng sfl chfi dg cat (van tfie cat, ddy ) Ciing vfii tifing on phdt sinh co hpc (tir dao d^ng cua dia cua) cfin cfi tifing fin dfing hpc Theo miic fin thi fln dpng hgc thdp hon vd nfi bi ehe ldp bfli fin co hgc Tifing fln phy thugc vdo dp ciing, dp dm, cdu tgo di hudng, chifiu day phfii cat vd van tfie ddy Khi cdt go cung, khfi tao nen tifing fin rit tdn sfi cao ciing vcri dp sudt dm cao Miic fin ciing phu tiiupc vdo hinh dang va s6 lugng cdc rang Sfl rdng cdt cdng nhifiu tifing fin cang tdng, nhdt la tdn so cao 3.2.2 Nhiing gidi phdp gidm tieng dn d ngudn phdt sinh a Gidm tieng dn tie dgng ca diin Thifit bi lya chgn nghien ciiu Id mdy cua dta ma hifiu SA-4K (Dai Loan), day cflng Id logi thiet bi dang dugc sii dyng phfi bifin tai cac co so chfi bifin gfi hifin Dfing co difin ciia may cfi cfing sudt N = kW, trpng lugng P = 99kG, sfi vfing quay n ^ 1500 v/ph Thuc tfi khdo sdt cho thdy qua trinh Idm vific dflng co bi rung manh, bien dp rung trung binh dugc la 1,8 cm Do vdy can dugc khdc phuc bdng each dat dgng co trfin dfim each rung Dfim cdch nmg dugc tinh todn thifit kfi tuong tu nhu dfim each nmg o dfing co mdy bao, cdc thfing sfi co ban: Vdt lieu dfim la cao su dp Cling tnmg binh [On] = kG/cm^, mfldun dan hfli dpng lyc 100 kG/cm^; Chifiu cao ciia dfim h ^ 80 mm; Tfing difin ti'ch dfim cdn thifit S = 25 cmi Dfi ndng cao hifiu qua giam tifingfintir dflng CO difin ta co thfi sii dung yo chup dflng co Vo dugc lam tir vdn gfi ddn day 4mm, phia lot phu vat lieu cao su mfim Ket qua khdo nghiem cho thdy lap ddt dfing CO trfin khung mdy (theo nguyen ban) miic fin ciia nfi dat 76dB Dgt nfi trfin tdm dfim cdch rung tifing Sn gidm di dugc l,0dB Hifiu qua hon cd Id phuong dn bao dgng co bdng vfi bpc each dm Nfi gidm dugc miic fin toi 4,5dB Miic on b hanh trinh chay khfing dgng CO dugc lap tren dem each rung va vfi gidm xufing tfii 2.5dB, hdnh trinh gia cfii^ gidm dugc 2.5dB, nhu vdy dfli voi dgng CO tifing on anh huong Id khflng Ion so vfii tieng fin phdt sinh tir cdc ngufin khdc mdy Tuy nhifin voi xu huong giam tifing on thi gidi phdp ciing lufin hifiu qud, nhdt Id vfii cac hanh trinh chgy khfing b Gidi phdp gidm tieng dn cho dia cua Tfing hgp cac nghifin ciiu tren thfi gioi cho thdy phdn lfin cdc giai phap gidmtifingfinfirdia TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIJ^P S6 - 2012 101 Cong nghiep riihg cua Id huong toi giam dao dgng ciia cac dta cua, Oic Id giam tieng fin ket cau Sfi it cdc gidi phap la huong tfii gidm tifing on bang each dm vd hdp thy am Cdc gjai phap kfit cdu dfi gidm tifing fln da khd hifiu qua, nhifin can cfi nhifiu chi phi cho chfi tao va sir dung qud trinh lam vific Trong nghifin cuu dua giai phdp dfi giam dao dgng cho cdc dia cua va tir giam tieng fin Idfipgiii cdc dia cua bang diafipcfi lap ^dmrung - Duong kinh dia flp dfi kep luoi cua tren true dugc xdc dinh theo cfing thiic: d = Q,5'JD mm day d - duong kinh dTafip,mm; D duong kinh dia cua, mm - Vfing dfim gidm rung dugc chgn Id cao su Cling trui^ binh Tinh todn chifiu ddy vong dfim tuong tir nhu dfim each nmg cho dgng co Kfit qud tinh chgn chifiu ddy vfing dfim la 2,5inm Kfit qud khao nghifim cho thay gidi phap dimg tdmfipcfi lop dfim giam rung cho dla cua la CO hi$u qua cao Miic gidm fin ciia mdy o hdnh trinh chgy khfing dat 6.0 dB vd hdnh trinh lam vific gidm di dupc toi 4.5dB 3.2.3 Gidm tieng dn cho cdc mdy bdng hop cdch dm Kfit cdu phuc vu cho muc dich hdp thy am, each am tir dia cua dugc lua chpn thiet ke Id vfi dang hop Hop gflm lop ngodi la ton hoa day 0.6 mm, lofp sii dung luoi thep, kich thufirc mdt luoi 10x10 mm Giita chiing Id lop bflng thiiy tinh day 50mm dugc bgc hai ldp vdi phin hay vdi bdng dfi bong thuy tinh khfii^ bi roi Hop lifin kfit voi than may qua hai khop ban lfi dfi nang vo cdn thiet vfii gfic quay 90 3J.4 Giam ti&ig on cbo cua dia bdng tam cban Phfi fin ciia cac may cua (ffa thupc vung tan sfl cao, vay sir dung cac mdn chdn cho muc dich Id hifiu qua Tii quan diem don gidn, dfi chfi tao tdm chdn dm thifit kfi cho mdy SA4K dugc lam tii tfln Id day 1.5 mm, phia dufii bgc cao su mfim day 5mm Kfit qua sur dung tdm chan dm da cho phep gidmtifingfino ca cdc hdnh trinh chay khflng va hanh trinh Idm vific dat dugc.5.5 dB 3.2.5 Phdi hap cdc gidi phdp gidm tieng on tunguSn vd bdng tdm chdn dm Tflng hgp chiu^ cdc kfit qua ciia tm^ giai p h ^ rifing va to hgp cac giai p h ^ gjdm tifing fln cho mdy cua dia qua khao nghifim thu dugc nhu bang vd bifiu dfl minh hga o hinh Bang Tdng h^ cdc kit qud gidm tieng dn cho m^ cua Ma SA-4K Dieu kien thir nghiem May chua co giai phap Mdy dugc each rung dong co Mffc on or banh Mirc on is hanh Mirc giam on, dB tiinh chay khong, trinh lam viec, Htr.chay Htr.lam dB dB viec khdng 90.5 98.5 87.0 96.0 2.5 2.5 81.0 90.5 6.0 4.5 84.0 93.0 5.5 5.5 70.5 77.5 20.0 21.0 DTa cua dugc op bang dem May dugc trang bi tdm chan am May dugc ap dung dong thai cdc giai phdp 102 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHfi LAM NGHIEP S6 - 2012 Cong nghiep rithg • Mdy chua co giai phdp • May dugc each rung dpng CO • DTa cua dugc 6p bdng dem giam aing • May dugc trang bj tdm chin am • May dugc dp dung dfing tho'j cac giai Md-cfinfi hanh trinh chay khong Miicon Muconfi hSnh trinh Iam vi§c Hinh Bieu dd cdc kit qud nghiin cuu gidm tiing Sn cho mdy cua dia Tir cdc kfit qud nhan dugc cho th^y dp dung dong thoi cdc gidi phdp dua Id rat hifiu qud Theo miic on cr hanh trinh mdy chgy khfing gidm dugc tcri 20dB vd cdc hanh trinh gia cong gidm dugc 2IdB Difiu cho phep cdi thifin tfit dieu kien lao dpng va tifin tcri dgt mirc yfiu cdutiieoTCVN 5965 : 1995 rv K£T LU^JV Gia cfing gfi bdng co gioi la m^t cao nhung hieu qua la thuc tfi, rdt khd thi voi difiu kifin fi cdc ldng nghfi Vifit Nam Hifu qud nhdt gidmtifingfincho cac mdy bdo CP6-7 tai co sfi sdn xuat Id dp dung tfing hgp cdc gidi phdp cdch nmg cho dflng co difin, difin ddy cac ranh hfl trfin true dao, trang bj hop chdn dm Theo tieng fin se gidm di dugc 18 dB or hanh trinh chay khfing va 16,5 dB hanh trinh lam viec nhiing Imh vyc sdn xuat gaytifingflnIfim nhat Dfii voi may cua dia SA-4K viec dp dung vd can dugc quan tdm nghifin ciiu dfi khdc dfing thoi cdc gidi phdp cdch nmg cho d0ng co phuc dang nhi^m Cdc mdy vd thifit bi dien, lap dem dan hfli fip dia cua, trang bi tdm gay fin nhdt sdn xudt Id cdc may bdo va chdn am da cho phep giam tifing fin o hdnh cua dia trinh chay khfing toi 20dB, o hanh trinh lam Cdc CO cdu, bg phan phu trg dugc tinh vific toi 2IdB Nhiing kfit qua ndy gfip phdn todn, tiiiet kfi chfi tgo dfi gidm tifing fin san xudt quan trgng gidm thifiu o nhifimtifingfintir co cho mdy bao, mdy cua dia, mdc dii vfii cdu tao SOT sdn xudt tfii nguoi lao dfing truetifipva moi bdng vgt li?u vcri khd ndng hdp thy am khfing truong xung quanh TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONGNGHE LAM NGHIFIP SO - 2012 103 Cong nghiep rang TAI LIEU THAM KHAO QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (2010), Quy chudn fiy thugt qudc gia vi tiing 6n, Ha Noi DSng Kim Chi, Nguyin Ngoc Lan, T r ^ Lfi Minh (2005), Ldng nghi Viet Nam vd moi truoTig, Nxb KH & k j thuat, H i Noi Hoing Viet, Hoang Qu6c Tin (2011), Nghien dm giam tiing 6n irong gia cdng ca giai gd, Luan vSn th^c s j , Tr.DHLN,H4Noi AJiCKceeBC.n-(1979), Bop6aceudpaifuxMU u uiyMOMU e npoMbimjieHMOcmu,\^a.-'^vionoiAiw.a, MocKsa TpMHtKOB B.n.(1987), nputuHtu eosHUKHoeeuux uiyMO npu padome duacoebix ma Hsfl AenpoM.,MocKBa 6.3a6opoB B H (1969), Teopust seyKousoa^iiuu ozpojKdaiouiux KOHmpyxifuu Hsa CipoH^JiaT, MocKaa CnaBHH H H.(1965), IlpouseodcmeeuHbiii myM u 6op6a c Hu.\t, M3fl FlpoffinaT, MocKaa HHSKCBCKHfi M.n HepcMHMX H.H (1985), CuuDKCHue ufyMa npu MexaHUueacoH padomKc dpeeecunbt Hsa "Jlecnaa npoMbiuuieHHOcrt", MocKsa REDUCING PRODUCTION NOISE OF WOOD WORKING MACHINERY Hoang Viet SUMMARY This article presents research results of the solutions to reduce production noise of wood woricing machinery The study selected two typical devices are are planning machine (code CP6-7) and circular saw (code SA-4K) to analyze the causes of noise and propose possible solutions to reduce noise The mainly methods which were deploy to research include: reducing noise in its origin; reducing noise by using noise abatement sytem; reducing noise by absorbing (extermination noise) The results show that the most etfective solution to reduce noise for plannings machine, circular saws is ^ p l i e d in integrated solutions to against motor vibration, fill the open slot on the knife shaft, press the elastic pad and circular saw blade tc^ether, fitt noise abatement box, noise abatement screen As it reduced noise in return movement up to 20dB, in the working moverment up to 21dB Hiis allow to improve labor conditions and striving to achieve the required of national industrial noise standards Keywords: Circular saw machine Vibroinsulating pad, SA-4K, Noise abatemen, Plannmg machine CP6-7, Reduce Ngudi phdn biem PGS.TS Pham Vdn Chvang 104 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH? LAM NGHI$P S6 I - 2012 noise, ... cdc kfit qud nhdn dugc cho thdy cdc giai phdp dua la kha hifiu qua Theo dfi miic fin hanh trinh may chay khfing giam dugc tfii 18 dB vd cac hdnh trinh gia cflng giam dugc 16.5 dB Tuy nhifin, miic... ciia may a ca hanh trinh chay khfing vd hanh trinh lam viec giam di dugc tfii Nhu vdy so voi giai phdp cdch rung cho dgng gdn 10 dB CO giai phdp diing tam vfim chdn dm la khd quan, ngoai tdm chdn... thdy phdn lfin cdc giai phap gidmtifingfinfirdia TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIJ^P S6 - 2012 101 Cong nghiep riihg cua Id huong toi giam dao dgng ciia cac dta cua, Oic Id giam tieng fin ket