Nghiên cứu biện pháp giảm mức tiêu hao nhiên liệu của xe buýt transinco b80 sử dụng trong tp hồ chí minh

Tgp Chi Khoa Hge Gido Due Ky Thugt (32/2015) Tru&ng Dgi Hoc Su Phgm Ky Thugt TP Hd ChiMinh NGHIEN ClTU BIEN PHAP GIAM M f C TIEU HAO NHIEN LIEU CUA XE BUYT TRANSINCO B80 SITDUNG TRONG TP HO CHI MINH A STUDY REDUCE FUEL COMSUMPTION METHOD OF THE BUS TRANSINCO B80 IS USING IN THE HO CHI MINH CITY Nguyen Van Chan Trucmg Cao ddng nghi Giao Thong Van Tdi TW Ngdy toa so^n nhdn bdi 22/01/2015, ngdy phdn bien ddnh gia 24/3/2015, ngdy chdp nhdn dang 27/3/2015 TOM TAT Bdi bdo ndy trinh bay phuang phdp tinh todn lugng nhien lieu tiiu hao dua tren die lieu khdo sdt thuc te vi thoi quen dieu khien xe buyt transinco B80 cua nhom tdi xi thugc cong ty SaigonBus Tie kit qud tinh todn thu dugc di tdi ldm ca sa khoa hoc cho viec xdc dinh chinh xdc lugng nhien lieu cung cap can thiet tren cdc tuyin dudng xe buyt thdnh H6 Chi Minh Han niea, tdc gid da di xudt vd kiem nghiem bdng thuc ti cdc hiin phdp nhdm gidm mice tieu hao nhien lieu gop phan ndng cao hiiu qud kinh ti su dung xe buyt transinco B80 Cu the, bien phdp thie nhdt vai mice nhien lieu tieu hao gidm 0.2% vd bien phdp thie hai vdi miec nhien lieu tieu hao gidm 2.8% Tuy muc gidm nhien lieu tiiu hao cua cdc hiin phdp ndy Id khong lan nhung tinh todn lugng nhien lieu tiit kiem cua mgt thdng thi lugng nhien lieu co thi tiit kiim dugc len den 123 lit/xe Tir khoa: Xe buyt transico B80, gidm miec tiiu hao nhien lieu, thoi quen dieu khiin cua tdi xi ABSTRACT In this paper, the present fuel consumption calculates method are based on the actual investigates of routine control the hus transinco B80 of group drivers in the Saigonbus From the calculation results, the subject of science is basis determine the necessary amount of fuel supply on the bus route in the Ho Chi Minh City In addition, the authors have proposed and tested hy actual measures to reduce fuel consumption contribute to improving economic efficiency when using bus transinco B80 Specifically, the first method has been the level of fuel consumption decrease by 0.2% and the second method has been the level of fuel consumption decrease by 2.8% Although the reduction of fuel consumption was low but when calculating the amount of fiiel saving of a month, the amount of fuel can save up to 123 liters/car Keywords: Bus transico B80 reduce fuel consumption, habit drivers I GlOfI THIEU Trong nganh cdng nghiep d td van tai da va dang chii y rat nhieu vao tieu thu nhien lieu cho dpng CO lam viec Tii mpt sd tinh toan bao gdm each xac dinh tieu thu nhien lieu phu thudc vao ket cau ddng co, dieu kien lam viec cua dpng CO [1,2] cho den cac tinh toan ddng luc hpc cua xe thdng qua h | thdng truyin lire va anh hudng hieu sudt truyin lire, cac luc can chuyin ddng d td nhu luc can lan, lire can ddc, luc can gid, luc can quan tinh [3] d l xac dinh lugng nhien lieu tieu thu theo thdi gian van hanh hay quang dudng chuyen ddng cua xe Tii do, cac nha khoa hpc, hang san xudt va cdng ty van tai nghien ciiu va cai tien phat triin kit cdu buong dot, he thdng nap, he thong nhien lieu, he thdng lam mat, he thdng bdi tron, he thong danh liia va gdc phun ddu sdm dl qua trinh ehay tdt nhdt dat hieu qua cao hon, ben canh cac cdng nghe mdi nhu ddng co cd turbo tang he sd ngp [4], he thdng \Tap ChiKhoaHgc GidoDgeKy Thugt (32/2015) {Tru^g Bgi Hpc Su Phgm Ky Thugt TP.m Chi Minh dilu khiin dien tir phun nhien lieu vdi ap cao K^: He sd ph\i cap nhien lieu dung xe [5] nham nang cao cdng sudt dpng co va giam ddn va tra hanh khaeh tieu hao nhien lieu cai thien mdi trudng Kj: He sd phu cap tihien li^u quay dau xe, Tuy nhien, ttong thuc tiln thi lugng tieu L : Hanh trinh cua xe buyt hao nhien ligu phu thudc rat Idn yao ngudi sur dung hay ngudi tai xl dilu khiin xe nhu p : Sd trgm dimg xe buyt (ke ca dimg xe tai cac vdn dl vl bao dudng cac he thdng cua xe, noi cd tin hieu den giao thdng) dilu khiin thay ddi tdc dp, thay ddi chuyen n : S6 lan quay dau xe hudng, dilu khiin phanh sudt qua trinh Vdi phuang an tinh toan hanh trinh xe buyt vgn hanh nhiing dieu kien dia hinh, dgc dilm vgn tai va chuyin ddng ciia xe la cac ndi dl tai, cho lan (di va vl) Do do: n = dung dugc quan tam bai bao De tai (ldn)L=33.2 = 66(km),p^64.2=128(tram) tiln hanh tinh toan va dl xudt bien phap giam Lugng nhien lieu tieu hao dinh miic cho mdt miic nhign lieu tieu hao cua xe buyt transinco hanh trinh 66 km dugc tinh toan vdi ket qua B80 van hanh tren tuyIn xe buyt sd 30 Q^^ = 21.31 (lit/66km) phd Hd Chi Minh Cac dft lieu tinh toan Lirgng nhiSn Ii|u ti&u hao thuc tl da dugc su cho phep cua cdng ty SaigonBus va thong qua cac chuyen gia [6] nen dp tin cay Trong dilu kiSn vgn hanh hiSn tgi cua xe buyt thi lugng nhien lieu cung cdp Q^ cua cdng ty ve dii li^u dugc dam bao SaigonBus la 37 lit/lOOkm hay 24.42 lit/66km H TINH TOAN LlTONG NHIEN LIEU cho mdt xe Nhung tren thuc tl lugng nhien lieu tieu hao dugc tinh toan d\ra tren cdng ITEUHAOTHV'CTE thirc (2.2) [7] lien he giu-a kit cdu ddng co va Dinh mirc nhi§n li^u tieu hao tr&n mot chuyin ddng ciia xe cho ket qua nhu sau: hanh trinh van chuyin Tren timg logi xe se cd lugng tieu thu nhien A p i i , + B p i X + C p G,(f + i) lieu dinh mirc Q^^ (lit) cho mdt hanh trinh 100 6- JJ km Ddi vdi xe buyt, lugng nhi6n li?u tieu hao dinh mirc dugc xac dinh bdi cdng thiic (2.1) (lit/lOOkm) (2.2) dua tren cac he sd [7] da dugc nghien ciiu va Trong dd, T]^ la hieu suat truyen luc, Ap, Bp, ap dung tinh toan lugng nhien lieu tieu hao Qdm '^^ ^^ ^^yt ^ ^ \iSB}a nudc Viet C la cac he sd phu thudc loai ddng co, i^ la Nam ndi chung va phd Hd Chi ty sd truyin luc ciia hop sd, G^ la trpng lugng xe, f, i la he sd can lan va can ddc, W la he sd Minh ndi rieng can khdng khi, V la tdc chuyin ddng cua xe Ddi vdi xe buyt B80 su dung nhi6n heu = K,^^+K.p+K (2-1) ddu diesel va eac thdng sd kp thuat [8], thi ta Moo -^ dugc cac gia tn cdn thiSt de tinh toan lugng Trong dd: nhien lieu tieu hao theo cdng thiic (2.2) nhu K|: He sd dinh miic nhiSn Ueu tieu hao ky thuat bang 2.1 Bang 2.1: Cac thdng sd anh hudng din lugng nhien lieu tieu hao cua xe buyt B80 11, A B Cj i^ G f+i W 0.89 0.103 0.009 0.033 5.431 3,463 1.747 0.741 13750 KG 0.02 2.6Ns'W Tgp Chi Khoa Hpc Gido Due Ky Thugt (32/2015) Trudng Dgi Hge Su Phgm Ky Thugt TP Ho Chi Minh Vdi cac thdng sd anh hudng den lugng nhien lieu tieu hao dugc ghi bang 2.1 da dugc xac dinh va van tdc chuyen ddng cua xe V^ tren timg cdp sd truyin thi lugng nhien lieu tieu hao dugc thi hien nhu hinh 2.1 De xac dinh chinh xac lugng nhien lieu tieu hao thuc te, de tai da khao sat thirc nghiem thdi quen dieu khien xe cua nhdm tai xe [9] Tir tinh toan dugc tdc dp thuc te ciia xe d timg cap sd truyen cung nhu xac dinh dugc lugng nhien li?u tieu hao qua trinh van hanh ctia xe (Xem hdng 2.2) Van toe xe (Km/h) Hinh 2.1 Do thi lircmg nhien lieu tieu hao theo tin^ cap so truyen va van toe ciia xe Bang 2.2: Lugng nhi^n Heu tieu hao tren timg cap sd truyen qua trinh chuyen ddng ciia xe Cap so Van toe tinh toan Va (km/h) Quang duong thirc tS S (m) Lucmg nhien lieu tieu haoQ/lit/lOOkm) Luang nhien lieu tieu hao q^ {lit)/{Skm) 1«1 1.92 202.42 11.42 0.02 1^2 5.30 117.06 11.44 0.01 2^3 10.76 1481.82 11.59 0.17 3^4 22.19 10807.49 14.19 1.53 6.22 4^5 38.14 29255.76 21.28 5«5 48.33 20767.72 27.87 Trong trudng hgp xe dimg tai cac tram xe buyt hoae noi cd tin hieu den dd giao thdng thi ngudi tai xe se dieu khien xe bang each giam ga ve che dp khdng tai, ngat ly hgp, phanh ve sd va tic tir lai xe vao trgm dimg vdi khoang each tir xa so vdi trgm trung binh la 30m va thdi gian xe chuyen ddng la t [10] Do do, quang dudng xe chuyin dpng S ^^ 30 128 = 3840 (m) Thdi gian xe chuyen dpng t ^ ^ (t^ + tj.n, Vdi t^ la thdi gian xe chuan bi dung khoang each 30m, t^ la thdi gian xe dimg han tai cac tram dimg hoge noi cd tin hieu den dd cua giao thdng, n la sd lan xe diing Kit qua khao sat bdng th^rc nghiem cho khoang thdi gian t^ = 14 (s) va t^ = 10 (s), n = 128 - = 126 (idn) 5.79 13.75 Tdng t^ = (14 + 10).126 - 3024 (giay) = 50.4 (phut) Nhien lieu tieu hao qua trinh giam tdc dp va dung trgm xe buyt hay dung xe tgi nai dudng giao cd tin hieu den dd dugc tinh toan mdt gid, xac djnh bdi cdng thiic tinh tieu hao nhien lieu theo thdi gian Qd = N, ge = 10 31 (iit/h) (2 3) Vdi N^ = 41.72 kW tgi so vdng quay cua ddng CO n = 650 rpm la cdng suat cd ich cho ddng CO va toan he thong lien quan den lugng tieu hao nhien lieu Tir dd, lugng nhien lieu tieu hao 50.4 phiit la: q^= 10.31 54.4/60 - 8.66 (lit) Nhu vay tdng lugng nhien lieu cho hanh Tgp Chi Khoa Hpc Giao Due Ky Thugt (32/2015) Tru^g Bgi Hpc SuPhgm Ky Thugt TR Hd ChiMinh Trong bang 3.1, tdng luc can cua xe d ttinh xe buyt transico B80 ehay tren tuyen so 30 cho toot di va luat v6 duoc tinh toan cho van tdc thap (hay sd vdng quay true khuyu tir n^ = 598 rpm den n^ ^ 712 rpm) thi IIF^^ F^ ket qua: = 2.75 (kN) Nhu vgy, tu cac gia tri ve Idn Q„Bo = ')«+ 1, = 13.75 + 8.66 = 22.41 (lit) cua lire keo F^^ va tdng lire can ^F^^^ cho thay luc keo cua xe tren cac cap sd truyen 1, 2, III D £ X U A T V A S O S A N H D A N H GIA CAC BIEN PHAP GIAM M C C lan gap nhieu lan so vdi tdng luc can NHIEN LIEU TIEU HAO Nhu vgy vdi dieu kien dia hinh bang phang Luc keo cua xe tai cac cap so truyen da nhu phd Hd Chi Minh va dSc diem van duoc phan tich va tinh toan cho ket qua nhu hanh ciia xe buyt vdi van tdc thap (V < 50 bang 3.1 (Vai tdng luc can lan chua xet den km/h), tdng trpng tai cua xe chi dgt miic Idn luc can quan tinh) nhat 15040 KG thi lire keo tren cac cap sd Bang 3.1: Luc keo ciia xe trenrirngcap so truyen va cap sd truyen du kha nang sinh truyen lire keo Idn gap (4 - 7) lan so vdi tdng lire can Do de giam mirc tieu hao nhien lieu cap n^ (rpm) FJkN) bang each giam luc keo du khdng can thiet •i (kN) so tren cac cap sd truyen la bien phap hiiu hieu va thuc tien nhat 2.75 5.431 29.631 598 3.463 649 19.389 712 1.747 10.067 813 6.005 947 0.741 4.657 Bi^n phdp thir nhat Trong bien phap giam miic tieu hao nhien lieu dugc thuc hien bang each giam luc keo du cua xe bd qua cap sd truyen thir nhdt (khdng sir dung qua trinh van hanh xe) Kit qua tinh toan dugc the hien bang 3.2 2.75 2.75 75 2.75 Bang 3.2: Lugng nhien lieu tieu hao ciia xe bo qua cap s6 tmyen thii nhat TI'NH T O A N TIEU HAO NHIEN UEU XE BUYT 880 BO QUA CAP SO \4otocthh Q*^"E toanva ^ ^ ^ thutte **"^'" [m) vIn toe xe (km/h) (kmA) — ' V Z -* s i a 6.7443 GL3497 3J.74aS899 578.39 D.S9 3.463 0.89 1-747 14.7S1 10.7628839 1481-82 29.612 22J1967738 1DS07.5 46.672 a J 2 48.3362 29255.S 20514.6 LiAAig nhien ieii (fftj/qiang d u d n g t h a t t e (km) 5.431 3—4114.7815 TANGX (et]/(100kni) 0.89 — Sr29Jn71 5—5l4&fi724 UAAlgnl 62638 Pfedne 65arpai liM^nhienfeutieuhaDp^lh U / n q nMen f e u tieu hao pil:J/50.4 phut 41.72456095 10308421094 S.65907359 Td(K urtAtG NHIEN UEU TTEU HAO CHO HW1TUHH ei v£ TREN Tirrfil stf 30 Tgp Chi Khoa Hpc Gido Dgc Ky Thugt (32/2015) Trudng Dgi Hge SuPhgm Ky Thugt TR Hd ChiMinh H M I H Bien phap thir hai nghia la khdng sir dung sd ciia hop sd chi su Trong bien phap giam miic tieu hao nhien dung tii sd tdi sd qua trinh van hanh lieu dugc thuc hien bdng each giam luc xe Ket qua tinh toan dugc thi hien bang keo du ciia xe bd qua cap sd truyen thir hai 3.3 Bang 3.3: Lugng nhien lieu tieu hao cua xe bd qua cap sd truyen thir hai TINH TOAN TIEU HAO NHIEN UEU XE BUYT 880 QUA CAP SO vSntoctnh y^ toe xs (km/Ti) Quang LuOng nhiin ieu Uftfng nhien ieu toan Va |bn/h] tieu hao thutte (m) 6.74897283 4326.25 21.491836B 37.9971486 48.254 12553.6 290B4.7 16748.5 0.89 5^031 0.89 3>163 0.89 1-747 1054488013 0.473502584 13.9550181 21.20007238 27.81746224 1-751854317 6.161738485 4.659001676 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 6 M _ Nedne= 650Tpm UMng n h i o i Eeu tiai hao ^"kyi^ Uf^ng nhien Beu t i a i h a o | n t V a pinit 41-72456095 1D.30S42094 8.65907359 T d H G LirCTHG H H E N I ^ U K U HAO CHO M W TIUNH e i V { TR£N T U V £ N s d 3 So sanh danh gia Itet qua nghien cihi Lugng nhien liSu cho mgt hanh trinh 100km dugc cdng ty cung cap vdi 37 lit hay lupng nhien lieu cho mdt hanh trinh 66 km la 24.42 lit Trong k i t qua tinh toan dua tren thdi quen dieu khien xe cua cac tai xe thi lugng nhien lieu tieu hao dgt miic 22.41 lit Tir cac k i t qua cho thdy lugng nhien lieu tieu hao thuc te nhd hon lugng nhien Heu cua cdng ty cung cdp De danh gia ty le chenh lech ta thuc hien phep tinh (3.1) Qcc - Q c Qtk 100(%) (3.1) Trong dd: Q : Lupng nhien lieu tilt kiem giiia lupng nhien lieu cu the so vdi lugng nhien Heu cung cap Q : Lugng nhien lieu cung cdp Q^j : Lugng nhien lieu cu the Do dd, lugng nhien lieu tiet kiem QJ, thuc te ^ 4 - ^ jj,g^g Vdi muc dich nghien ciiu bien phap giam miic tieu hao nhien lieu cua xe buyt B80 sir dung phd Hd Chi Minh thi mirc giam nhien lieu cua tung bien phap phai Idn hon lugng nhien Heu tiet kiem tinh hinh thuc tl (8.2%) va dat gia tri tdi hang bdng vdi lugng nhien lieu tieu hao dinh miic Q^ Nhu vgy lugng nhien lieu tiet kiem Idn nhat cd thi cai thien se la lugng nhien lieu tiet kiem Qk ciia lugng nhien lieu tieu hao dinh mirc Q so vdi lugng nhien lieu cung cap Q Tap Chi Khoa Hpc Gido Dgc Ky Thugt (32/2015) Trucmg Bgi Hpc SuPhgm Ky Thugt TP Ho Chi Minh Ket luan va hirdng phAt trien Q « , = ^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ i ^ l 0 = 12.7(%) - Ddi vdi bien phap thir nhdt thi lugng nhien lieu tilt kiem dugc Q^''' so vdi lugng nhien lieu tieu hao tren thuc te ^^^.l00=8.4(%) QIM = ^ i ^ ^24.42 - D6i vcri bien phap thii hai thi lugng nhien lieu tiSt kiSm dugc Q^'^ so vdi lugng nhien lieu tieu hao tren thuc te ^p ^ * 24.42-2L70^^^^^ 24.42 So sanh lugng nhien Heu tiet kiem dugc cua hai bien phap vdi lugng nhien lieu tiet kiem thuc te, ta cd cac ket qua sau: - Lugng nhien lipu tiet kiem Q / tang hon so vdi Q; la 8.4% - 8.2% - 0.2% - Lugng nhien lieu tiet kiem Q,f tang hon so vdi QL la 11% - 8.2% = 2.8 % Tinh toan lugng nhien lieu tiet kiem dugc q^ cua xe buyt van hanh mdt thang - Khi ap diing bien phap thii nhat q j ' = 30(ngay) ( ^ 24 iH^) 2% = 9(U0 ngaj 66bn - Khi ap dung bien phap thii hai Qua de tai nghien cim bien phap giam mirc tieu hao nhien lieu cua xe buyt transinco B80 Ket qua dgt dugc va ddng gdp chu yeu gdm: Tinh toan lugng nhien lieu cung cdp cdn thiet cho mpt hanh trinh xe buyt dua tren khao nghiem tren thuc tien ve dgc diem van hanh ciia xe tren tuyen dudng sd 30 De xuat va danh gia so sanh bien phap giam miic tieu hao nhien lieu vdi lugng nhien lieu tieu hao tinh hinh thuc tl Ket qua cho thay lugng nhien lieu tiet kiem dugc tang tir 0.2% den 2.8%, gdp phdn nang cao hieu qua kinh te viec khai thae va sir dung xe buyt phd Hd Chi Minh cung nhu tren ca nudc Mge du cac ket qua dgt dugc va dong gop cua de tai mang tinh thuc tien va kha thi, nhien vdi kinh phi ciing nhu thdi gian cd nhieu hgn che nen de tai cd phgm vi nhat dinh Trong tuong lai tac gia hoan thien cac phan sau: Tang cudng miic giam lugng nhien lieu tieu hao bang each ket hgp vdi cac bien phap khac nhu sii dung he thdng phun d^u dien tii, he thdng cung cap khdng Turbo-charger, he thdng dieu chinh gdc phun dau sdm tu ddng Tien hanh ap dung tren thuc tien cac bien phap giam miic tieu hao nhien lieu d6 tai khoang thdi gian dai nham danh gia ket qua nghien ciiu thuyet phue hon cung nhu tim bien phap tdi uu nhat cho vdn d l giam miic tieu hao nhien lieu tren cac loai xe q f = 30(ngay) ( ^ 24 42(-ij^), 8% = !23(Iit) 66km TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] GS.TS Nguyin Tdt Tien Nguyin ly dong cad&t Nha xudt ban giao due - 2009 [2] Bui v a n Ga, Qud Trinh Chdy Trong Dong Co Ddt Trong, Nha Xudt Ban Khoa Hpc va Ky Thuat Ha Npi 2002 [3] PGS.TS Nguyin Van Phung Ly thuyit tinh todn khai thdc su dung to Trudng Dgi Hpc Cdng Nghiep Tp HCM 1998 Tgp Chi Khoa Hpc Gido Dgc Ky Thugt (32/2015) Trudng Dgi Hoc Su Phgm Ky Thugt TP Hd ChiMinh [4] Co Ford, USA'^ Basic Engine performance offord\ [5] Gerhard Stumpp, Mario Ricco Common Rail- An Attractive Fuel Injection System for Passenger Car DI Diesel Engine S AE paper No.960870,1996 [6] Tai Heu thdng ke cdng ty SaigonBus, 2014 [7] PGS.TS Nguyen Van Phung Ly thuyet OTo ndng cao Trudng Dai Hoc Cdng Nghiep Tp.HCM,2013 [8] http://vinamotor.vn [9] Phieu khao nghiem sd [10] Phieu khao nghiem sd 2013 ... tieu hao dinh miic cho mdt miic nhign lieu tieu hao cua xe buyt transinco hanh trinh 66 km dugc tinh toan vdi ket qua B80 van hanh tren tuyIn xe buyt sd 30 Q^^ = 21.31 (lit/66km) phd Hd Chi Minh. .. tieu hao qua trinh van hanh ctia xe (Xem hdng 2.2) Van toe xe (Km/h) Hinh 2.1 Do thi lircmg nhien lieu tieu hao theo tin^ cap so truyen va van toe ciia xe Bang 2.2: Lugng nhi^n Heu tieu hao tren... lugng Trong dd: nhien lieu tieu hao theo cdng thiic (2.2) nhu K|: He sd dinh miic nhiSn Ueu tieu hao ky thuat bang 2.1 Bang 2.1: Cac thdng sd anh hudng din lugng nhien lieu tieu hao cua xe buyt B80