Pham Vdn Lang vd Dig Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 133(03)/2:147-!54 THV*C TRANG VA MQT SO GIAI PHAP CO GICTI HOA SAN XUAT NONG, LAM NGHIEP CAC TINH TRUNG DU MIEN NUI BAC BO Ph^m Van Lang ', Cao Thanh Long ' ' Vien Ca Dien Nong nghiep - Bo Nong nghiep vd PTNT ' Bgi hge Thai TOM TAT Viing trung du mien mii phia Bdc cd vi fri ddc biet quan frong vl an ninh qude phdng, co vai fr6 quan frpng frong phong, chdng lu lut cho dong bang Bdc Bo va thii Ha Npi Ddy Id viing cd nhieu tiem ndng ve ddt dai, khodng sdn, nong, lam dac san, du Ijch, thtiy dien nhung chua dupc khai thac vd sir dung bin viJng Nang sudt lao dpng san xudt nong ldm nghiepfrongvimg thdp so vdi ndng sudt binh qudn ca nude VI vdy, vigc dp dyng co gidi hda (CGH) san xudt ndng, lam nghiep tgi vung tmng du mien niii phia B3c Id vdn dl cdp bdeh, co y nghia quan trpng frong vi?c phdt nriln kinh te, van boa, xa hoi, giii vinig an ninh qu6c phongfrongvdng vd cd nude Trong bdi bdo ndy, cdc tdc gid phdn tich thuc trang viec ddu tu vd sir dung may mde, thilt bj co di^n phuc vu nSng lam nghiep tai cdc tinh trung du miln niii phia Bk din nam 2014 vk de xuat mpt s6 gidi phdp day nhanh tiln frinh CGH n6ng nghiip nham phdt triln kinh tl, xa hpi, ddm bdo an ninh quoc ph6ng vh ndng cao ddi sing cua nhan dan khu vuc den ndm 2020 Tu khoa: Cagiai hoa, ndng nghiip ldm nghiep, trung du mien mii phia Bdc MO DAU Cong nghiep hda - hien dai hda ndng nghiep vd ndng thdn la mpt chii truang Idn ctia Dang va Nha nude ta nham thtic day kinh tg phdt trien, tgo cdng dn, viec lam, tang thu nhap cho ngudi dan, dua ndng thdn nude ta tiln lgn van minh hien dai Bao cao chinh frj Dgi hpi tan thir X cua Dang da xac dmh: " Phdi ddc biet chii frpng cdng nghiep hda - hien dgi hda ndng nghiep va ndng thdn", Kinh nghiem ciia cac nude kinh te phat triln (Au, My) cung nhu cae nude frong khu vuc, tien trinh xdy dyng nin ndng nghiep hien dai va thyc hien ca dien hda ndng nghiep dgu qua cae budc: Trudc tien ting dung CGH ndng nghigp, tilp din tbue hien hien dgi hda ndng nghigp Tir sdn xudt ndng nghiep truyen thong sang ndng nghiep hien dgi, CGH ndng nghiep ddng vj fri mau chdt; miic dp phdt frien CGH frong san xudt ehe biln ndng lam sdn thg hien ndng lue hien dgi hda ndng nghiep, hinh sire egnh tranh frong ndng nghiep Tir nhii'ng nam cudi the ky 20, cac nha khoa hpc My da diic kit: CGH ndng nghiep dung vi tri thu tdng sd 20 lmh vyc ky thugt ' Tel 0915215616: Email lhailonglnu@gmail.com cd tde dyng thiic ddy tiln bp xa hpi Chinh vi vay cdc nude dgu tap frung nghign cuu ung dung may mde ca dien mang tinh tu dpng hda cao dung ndng nghiep Mirc dau tu, hieu qud CGH ndng nghiep cao hay thdp la tigu ehi dg danh gia trinh dd hien dgi hda ndng nghiep cac nude kinh tg phat trign frong qua trinh hign dgi hda ndng nghiep ting dyng CGH hau bet cde khau, ti frpng lao dpng ndng nghigp frong todn xa hpi ehiem tir - 8%, ti trpng GDP cua nganh ndng nghiep chi chiem tir - 5%, tir kit eau nghg nghiep, co eau Iao d^ng duge thay ddi, thue day nhanh tign trinh hien dai hda ndng nghigp Cdc nude tren the gidi deu xac dinh CGH ndng nghiep la edng cu quan frpng cua sdn xudt ndng nghiep, Chinh vi vay cdc nude My, Canada, Nhdt, Trung Qude, v.v tap frung nghien cuu, xac dinh chiln lupc pbat triln, bude di eua nganh ca dien khf hda ndng nghiep Thdng thudng, cac nude dupc chia ba toai hinh phat trign ndng nghiep nhu sau: Logi hinh thu nhdt: La nhifrig nude cd dien tich dat sdn xudt ndng, lam nghiep nhieu, it ngudi tham gia lao dpng ndng nghiep nhu My, Canada Cac nude dya vao uu the 147 Pham Van Lang vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE edng nghiep hien dai, gid nang luang thap, dd chii truang phat frign co hda, dien hda vdi tdc dp nhanh, ldy ndng cao nang sudt lao dgng lam muc tigu chinh Logi hinh thu hat: Tap trung vao cdc nude dat it, ngudi ddng nhu Nhdt, Ha Lan Do ddc digm kinh tl xa hdi d timg vimg, eae nude tren dgu hudng vao chpn lua cdng nghe phii hop, eai tao gidng, xdy dyng he thdng thuy tgi, md rdng cdng nghiep phuc vu ndng nghigp Myc tieu CGH ndng nghiep, dien hda ndng thdn gdp phdn ndng cao nang sudt ddt dai, cdy frdng, vat nudi Logi hinh thu ba; Day Id nhirng nude cd dien tich dat dai va ngudn lao ddng tuang ddi thich hop cho qua trinh pbat frien ndng nghiep nhu Phdp, Dtic Hp quan tam ea hai ITnh vyc ung dung khoa hpc cdng nghe va phdt frign ca gidi hda, tu dpng hda, gdp phdn dua nen ndng nghigp dat muc san xudt hien dgi Myc tigu ciia nhung nude Id tang ndng suat dat dai vd tang nang suat Iao dpng Sau nhirng nam "Ddi mdi", ndng nghiep va ndng thdn nude ta dd dgt dupe nhigu tuu ddng khich te Tuy nhien, cdn nhilu vdn de ve sdn xuat vd ddi sdng ciia ndng dan dang ndi lgn gay gat Vi vay, ndng nghiep phdi tgo dupc nhirng chuyen bign manh me: Vira tilp tyc tang trudng vl sd lupng, vg nhjp dp, vl ty sudt hang hda, ddng thdi ndng cao chat lupng sdn phdm, tang khd ndng canh tranh, dam bdo sdn xuat ed hieu qua Nghi quylt so 37-NQ/TU cua Bd Chinh tri khda IX, ban hdnh ngdy 01/7/2004, vl phuang hudng phat friln kinh tl, xa hpi va bdo dam qude phdng an ninh viing trung du vd mign nui Bde Bd din nam 2020 Kit luan sd 26-KL^U ngdy 02/8/2012 eiia Bd Chfnh fri vg viec tilp tuc thyc hien Nghi quylt sfl 37-NQ/TU 01/7/2004 eua Bd Chinh tri khda IX nhdm ddy mgnh phdt triln kinh te xa hgi, dam bdo qude phdng an ninh viing trung du vd mign mii Bdc Bd din nam 2020 v l to chuc, ngdy 24/8/2004, Bp Chinh fri da Quyet dinh Igp Ban Chi dao Tdy Bdc bao gdm cde tinh:, Lai Chau, Dien Bien, San 148 133(03)/2: 147-154 La, Lao Cai, Ha Giang, Yen Bai, Hda Binh va ede huyen phia Tay thupc hai tinh Thanh Hoa vd Nghe An, (sau day gpi la viing Tdy Bac) Vimg Tay Bac la vimg niii cao, ddc; la vung dau ngudn ctia nhirng sdng ton nhu song Hong, sdng Da, sdng Ma, sdng Lam la "mdi nha xanh" cd vai trd quan trgng frong phdng, chdng lu lyt, bao dam an todn cho dong bang Bac Bd va thti dd Ha Npi Day Id vung cd nhieu tiem nang vg ddt dai, khodng sdn, ndng, ldm dae san, thucmg mgi, du Ijch va dac bi?t la tiem nang thiiy dien Trong nhirng nam gdn ddy Ddng vd Chinh phli dd cd nhigu chuang frinh, nham phdt friln kinh tl, xa hdi, dam bdo an ninh quoe phdng vd ndng cao ddi sdng ciia nhan dan, ed phat trien ndng lam nghiep Cac tinh frong vimg da xdy dyng quy hogch phat triln ndng tam nghiep tren dia ban timg tinh Sau mdt thdi gian thuc hien, da dgt duac nhiing tuu dang ke Rieng dien tfeh rimg eua viing cang gia tang: Tir 20,5% ty le che phii eua rimg (nam 1994), tinh den 31/12/2012 dat 48,32%, Song, cdc quy hogch dupc xay dyng ddc lap, vdi qui md viing Mat khac, vimg mdt sd tinh cd sy thay ddi ve quy md, ranh gidi (Lai Chau, Dien Bien vd Ygn Bai) Do do, cdc quy hogch din khdng edn phii hgp vdi yeu cdu phdt frien kinh te xa hdi ciia tung tinh, ciia nganh nong ldm nghiep vd todn vimg, thigu su lien kgt frgn qui md viing Quylt dinh so 1064/QD-TTg ngdy 08/7/2013 ciia Thii Tudng Chinh phii "Phg duyet Qui hoach tdng the pbat triln klnh te - xa hdi vimg trung du vd mign niii phia Bdc den nam 2020", dd ddc biet quan tam phat triln ndng nghiep, lam nghiep, tbuy sdn, bao gom: - Tap trung phdt triln cdc viing ehuygn canh tap trung vdi quy md thich hpp nhu cay che, cao su, ca phg, eay dn qud, dugc lieu, hoa, rau mau v.v trgn ea sd xdc djnh lpi the so sanh ctia timg dja phucmg va nhu cdu thi frudng Phdt trien ehan nudi gia siic, gia cam; hinh thdnh cac khu chdn nudi gia siic an eo nhu trau, bd thit, bd siia, de; chan nudi lpn vdi quy md frang trai gan vdi cdng nghiep che bien thyc phdm nhdm tdng ddn ty frpng ngdnh chan nudi ndng nghiep Phgm van Lang va Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE - Cham sde, bdo ve tdt dipn tich rimg hien cd, day manh trdng rimg dau ngudn, trdng rirng phdng hg bao vg cho cae ho, dap thiiy dipn, viing ed nguy ea sgt Id; thyc hien tdt viec khoanh nudi tai sinh va frdng rimg nguyen lieu cho cdng nghipp chl bign, trdng cay dac sdn, cay dupc li$u dudi tan rung, frong cay phan tan, frdng rirng cdnh quan nhdm phti xanh dat frdng, ddi nui trpc Hoan viec giao dat, giao rirng gdn vdi djnh canh djnh cu, chdm diit tinh trang pba rimg lam nuong rdy; bao ve nghiem ngat he thong vudn qude gia, cac khu bao tdn thien nhign va ngudn gen dpng, thyc vgt quy hilm - Phdt trign nudi trdng thiiy sdn nude ngpt tai cac hd ldn theo phuang phap tien tiln, hieu qua va bgn virng, dam bao mdi trudng sinh thai Phdt triln nudi trdng mdt sd loai thiiy sdn cd gia trj kinh tg cao nhu ea hdi, ca tam, ca tieu bgc va cac lodi cd nude lanh khac trgn mdt sd dia ban cd lgi the ve dieu kien dia hinh, hgu thupc cdc tinh Lai Chdu, Son La, Lao Cai Van ban so 53-TB/BCDTB ngdy 30/11/2013 thdng bao ket qua Hpi nghi khoa hpc nghign ciru, frign khai CGH sdn xudt nong ldm nghigp va thiiy san cac tinh Trung du va mign mii Bdc bg Ban Chi dgo Tay Bdc da giao nhi?m vy trpng tam eho Dai hpc Thdi Nguyen tien hanh khdo sdt, ngbien eiru khoa bgc, xdy dung va xae dinh Id trinh trien khai Dg an vg CGH frong san xudt, chg biln ndng, lam nghigp, thtiy sdn phyc vy phat trign kinh tl xa hpi cac tinh trung du mien mii Bac Bg Phdi hgp chat cbe vdi cdc dia pbuong viing dl nghign ciru, ung dung cdc md hinh ca hda frong san xudt chl bign nong, lam, thiiy sdn bdo dam hieu qua, tinh phu bgp, phat huy dupc thi mgnh ciia tirng dia phuang THVC TRANG D A U TU' vA SU' DUNG MAY M O C CO DIEN PHUC W NONG, LAM NGHIEP cAC TINH TRUNG DU MIEN NUI PHIA BAG GIAI DOAN 2001-2014 Dieu kien tu nhign, xa hpi Viing frung du mien nui phia Bde bao gdm 14 tinh vdi dien tich cay trdng gdn 160.000 (ngudn Bp Ndng nghipp vd PTNT, 2010), dd: I33(03)/2:147-154 Cay lucmg thyc ed hat 12.000 Cay luang thyc ed cii 20.700 Cay rau dau 29.270 Cay cdng nghiep hang nam 36,050 Cay edng nghiep lau nam 4,700 Cay an qud 23.800 ba Cay khde 30.500 Dien tich rirng vimg trung du mign mii phia Bdc la 4.256 x 10'^ ha, chilm khoang 34,32% tdng dien tich rimg cua ca nude, GDP binh qudn dau ngudi cac tinb mien niii phia Bdc chi bang khoang 67,4% so vdi ea nude, Mac dil ngudn tdi nguyen thyc vat rdt phong phu vg chting logi, gidu vg khdi lugng, cd gia tri kinh te cao, tdi nguyen nude va khoang san ldn nhung chua duge khai thdc, do viec ndng cao ddi sdng cua ngudi dan rat han ehe Hd ndng thdn d cdc tinh trung du va mign niii phfa Bac chigm ti le rat cao dgnl4,5% so vdi tdng sd hd ndng thdn ctia cd nude, tap trung nhieu d cac tinh: Bac Giang, Phii Thp, San La, Thdi Nguyen Theo sd lieu cua Tdng cyc Thdng ke nam 2012, hd ndng tdm nghiep cua cdc tinb trung du vd mien mii pbia Bac chiem 81,22%, chigm ti lg rat cao so vdi ca nude vd cdc vimg khac (cd nude la 62,14%; DBSH: 47,44%; Bac Trung bd va Duygn hai mien Trung 66,20%; Tdy Nguyen 86,32%, Ddng Nam bp: 38,97% va DBSCL la 65,58%) Lao ddng d khu vyc nong thdn ciia cac tinh trung du va mien niii phia Bdc phdn ldn chua qua ddo tao (chiem gan 90%) Sd ngudi cd frinh dp so cap, cdng nhdn ky thudt chi chigm 2,54% Trang bi thiet bi ca dien phuc vu san xuat, che bien nong iam san d cac tinh trung du va mien niii phia Bac Theo ket qud tdng dieu tra ndng nghiep, ndng thdn vd thiiy san nam 2013, trang thigt bj co dien phyc vy sdn xudt, chg bign ndng ldm san d cac tinh trung du va mien mii phia Bac tdng khd nhanh Ddn da cd 10.894 mdy keo banh cd cdng suat trung binh vd Idn, 129.521 may keo nhd bdnh, Tinh binh quan tren 100 ddt frdng cdy hang nam: 107,9 ma lyc; vd 149 Phgm Van Lang vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 133(03)/2:I47-154 gd, cdc phan kinh te d nong thdn da trang bj khoang 146.649 may che bien ndng san, xay xdt gao va 45.680 may che bien thiic an gia sue, binh quan dat 8,6 chigc/100 hp Nhu vay, mure dp dau tu may moc chl bien ndng san, mdy xa\ xdt d cac tinh frong viing dat mure dp khd cao (mirc dp dau tu chung cua ca nude Id 2,9 ma> ehe bign/100 hd) Ngoai ra, d cdc tinh mign niii phia Bac, ngudi dan eung da ddu tu 55.788 ca sd sdn xuat de che bign ndng san (qui md nhd) da giai quygt kip thdi khau chl bien ndng san cho ndng dan, Ngoai sd lupng may chg bien gd don chiec (cua, bdo) 48.654 may, cae thdnh phdn kinh te da trang bi gdn 20.702 ea sd chg bien qui md nhd diing dl chl bien gd va go rimg trong, chiem 5% so vdi tong ca sd ehe bien ldm san ciia ca nude Cae ca sd chl biln tre ludng nhu Cdng ty lien doanh Sheng-Jia - Hda Binh (van sdn tre), Cdng ty chg bign van sdn tre d Lang Son, Cdng ty Phu Dign (may tre dan) ciing vdi hdng chyc ca sd chg bien gd khac da tao nhieu sdn pham kha ddc ddo: van sdn tre - ldp diing" Iam san nha d, sdn thi dau the thao, san nhdy, sir dung frong phdng an, phdng ngii ciia khdch sgn, nha hang hoae ldm bdn ghe, giudng tli ddt & cdc tinh trung du miin nui phia Bdc Bang I Muc dp ca gi&i hda khdu ldm trgn too ba ddt frdng liia: 211,0 ma luc So vdi binh quan chung ciia ca nucrc, mtrc dp trarig bi ciia cac tinh trung du vd mign niii phia Bac chi bdng 77% doi vdi ddt trdng cay hdng ndm va bdng 82,7% ddi vdi dat trdng liia Cac tinh miln niii phia Bdc da hinh hang ngan tram bam, vdi 210.514 may bam, tdng gdp 1,75 ldn so vdi nam vg trudc (Bang 1) CGH khau thu hoach lua, ngd Ddi vdi cay lua, vimg trung du mien nui phia Bde ^ trang bi 822 may gat dap liia lign hop, 7.260 may gat iiia rdi hang va ciing vdi 28.940 may cdt cd vudn ca\ duoc cat frgn diing de cat lua Tinh binh quan trgn 100 dat trdng tiia, cac phdn kinh tl da trang bi 0,17 may gdt dap lign hop, 1,53 ma\ gal rai hdng Toan vimg da trang bi 74.429 may tudt liia ed ddng CO, 15,75 may gat dap tua/100 ddt trdng lua Muc dp CGH khdu thu hoach tua tap trung nhigu d cac tinh: Bac Giang; 54,06 mdy/100 dat frdng lua, Thdi Nguygn: 32 CGH che bien nong, lam san Cdng nghiep che bign ndng, tdm san d cdc tinh frong vimg cd budc phdt trign tign tuc, dac biet ndm trd iai day Gid tri sdn xuat ciia cdng nghiep che bien dat miic tdng trudng binh qudn tir 15 -^ 18%i/nam Ngodi cdc nhd mdy chg bign mia dudng, giay, che, chg bign TT Tinh 10 II 12 13 14 Ha Giang Cao B^!> Bac Can Tu\ en Quang LaoCai Yen Bai Thai Nauven Lana Son Bac Giana Phu Tho Dien Bien Lai Chau Son La Hoa Binh Ca nuKfc Dati cay hang nam Dien tich, Dirge lam Chiem bang may, ti le, % 122875 363736 7,02 8530537 2316,95 26,16 44448,35 1094,14 47,46 47463.7 5338.68 74,45 65266.41 3096.7 4,74 70892,37 7684.32 24,95 63621,9 50992,0 30.15 73150,45 8330.38 66,07 84315,79 70581,04 83,71 58917.18 33412,97 56,70 12I7S8.2 7630,34 6,26 64105.91 3778,10 5,89 226011,7 1583,60 4,24 74771.74 4600,29 46,27 69,07 Dien tich dat lua, 28041,82 32122,92 17102,35 26611,24 22151,09 26736,46 40861,10 40616,71 70015,12 44354,19 61230,24 23818,20 39019,47 30775,00 Dat lua Dif^c lam bing may, 6263> 14693,15 16262,65 20227,18 3036,70 13894,62 38382,60 33081,01 59512,00 29267,97 6930,64 3354,10 4763,60 25135,40 Chilm ti If, % 22,33 45,74 95,10 76,00 13,70 59,45 73,90 81,45 85,00 66,20 11,30 11,88 12,21 81,68 84,68 Nguon: Tdng Cue Thdng ki, 2012 may Phgm Vdn Lang vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Theo dg dn qui hogch phdt trien (do nganh Cong thuang xdy dung nam 2010), dk cung cap tii' ^ 13 kg gidy vigt/ngudi/nam thi nude ta can I tripu tin giay cae loai frong mdi nam Cdc tinh mign niii phia Bdc vdi nguyen lieu kha phong phu, da ed cac nha may gidy Bai Bang, An Hda nhung nguyen lieu san xuat giay tgi mdt sd viing nbu Bde Kgn, Lang San, Hda Binh, Thai Nguygn chua the tigu thu vi ca sd chl biln cdn thiiu (Nha mdy Gidy tgi Ki Son Hda Binh dS ddng ciia day ehuygn chg bign gidy cd tudi ddi gdn 40 nam theo cdng nghe cu dupe nhap tii Trung Qude, nhd may giay Hoang Van Thu - Thai Nguygn chi chg bign gidy bao bi ,) Nhuvay, yeu edu ddu tu de chl bign gidy nhdm khai thac the manh ciia viing miln nui dang rdt cap bach Kinh te trang trai va che bien thuc an chan nuoi Den cu6i nam 2011, ca nude da hinh thdnh 20.028 trang frgi, dd cac tinh miln n6i phia Bdc cd 590 trang trgi, tap trung vao cac ioai hinh: Chan nudi; 514 trang frgi; trpt: 35 trang trgi, t§p trung nhilu d Bdc Giang, Phii Thp, Thai Nguygn Nhin chung, mtic dd dau tu may mde ea dipn phyc vy cho san xuat, che biln d cdc trang trgi cdn rat khigm tdn Chdn nudi gia siic, gia cam d cae tinh mign niii phia Bae kha phat frien vdi 1,8 frieu trau; gan trieu bd; trgn fri?u eon Ipn va hang chyc frigu eon gia cdm Theo Chiln lupc phat trien chan nudi eua ea nude, den nam 2020 can khoang 15 trieu tan thirc dn gia siJc, rieng cdc tinh vung can khoang -^ frieu tan/ndm Cho den nay, mdi chi cd tinh San La nhgp day ehuygn chg bien thue an chan nudi ciia CHLB Dire vdi cdng suat tren 20.000 tan/nam Tinh Bdc Giang, Thdi Nguyen cung da lap dgt mpt sd ddy chuyen chg bign thiie an chan nudi edng sudt mdi ca sd dat tu 20.000 tdn/ndm din 40.000 tdn/ndm Do thirc dn chdn nudi dgt Ipi nhugn cao, eho ngn cdc tap doan kinh te ciia nude ngodi tap trung dau tu, chiem lmh trgn 70% lupng thiirc dn chdn nudi cua ea nude 133(03)/2:147-154 9anh gia ve dan tu* trang bi, su* dung cdng cu, may mde co dien nong nghiep d cac tinh mien nui phia B^c Dau tu frang bi may mde phuc vu khau canh tdc fren ddng va ngudn dpng lyc tTnh tgi hien da tdng gap nhieu tan so vdi nam vg trudc, CGH khau che bien ndng lam sdn phat trign d muc trung binh; • Trong ngdnh trdng trgt, ti le CGH khdu tam ddt phat trign nhanh va dgt muc trung binh cdc khau edt, gat, gieo cay, lam khd, bao quan ti te CGH cdn rdt thdp; • CGH nganh chan nudi chua dupc quan tam diing muc; Su dung CGH frong sdn xudt lam nghiep d cdc khau nang nhgc cdn thieu, chua dupc quan tam; ' Dien dimg sdn xuat ndng nghiep da phdt trign nhanh Nhirng hgn che tdn lgi Id: •• Nang luc chl tgo ca phuc vy san xudt, che bign chua dap ting dugc ygu cau cua thj frudng frong viing vl ehdt lugng vd gid thdnh; + Thieu sy qudn ly, chi dgo th6ng nhdt giiia cac ngdnh, chua cd sy hudng ddn vl ky thuat va hd trg dau tu cho ndng dan; +- Viec td chiic md rdng mgng ludi ban mdy, djch vy cung cap phu tiing, bao dudng, sira chiia ehua theo sat nhu cau ngudi tigu dimg Quan he hop tae giira cde don vi sdn xudt vimg ehua that hai hda; -I- Mdt sd chinh sdch cdn bat cap: Chua quan tdm dgn viee hudng ddn ddu tu, su dung, ddo tgo Iue lupng lao ddng kT thudt tilp can vdi cdng cy mdy mde dam bdo sdn xudt hieu qud MQT SO GlAl P H A P CGH SAN XUAT NONG, L A M N G H I E P C A C TINH TRUNG DU MIEN NUI PHIA B A C DEN N A M 2020 Trong trot * Ddi v&i cdy trdng hdng ndm (lua, mia, ngd, sdn lgc): - Can tap trung tang nhanh ty Ip CGH san xudt tir khdu lam ddt, gieo trdng, cham sde, thu hoach va bao qudn 151 Phgm Van Lang vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE - Ddy nhanh muc dp CGH khdu lam dat, chuyin dan viec sir dyng may keo bdnh sang mdy keo banh de cd nang suat, hieu qua cao va cdi thien dieu kien lao ddng - Chuygn dan tir gieo sa bdng edng cu sang su dyng ma khay, may cay liia vd may cdy lua tdc dp cao, dua mtic CGH khau gieo cay hien tir 30% tgn cay bdng may dgt 70% Gieo ngd bdng mdy d cac viing dat san xuat bdng phdng tgp trung dat 70% Trflng mia bdng may d viing tap trung, bdng phang tir 30% hien lgn 70% - Sir dung may phun thudc bao ve thuc vat hien 60% tgn 80% bang cac thilt bj phun thudc bao ve thyc vat cd dpng ca, Sii' dung mdy keo da ndng ehdm sdc (vun, xdi) dat 7080% - Phdt trign vd cdi tien cae may thu hoach phu hpp vdi viing trung du mien niii phfa Bae; muc tigu den nam 2020 thyc hien thu hoach lua bdng mdy dgt 70%, thu hogch ngd bdng mdy dat 50%, thu hogch mia bang may dgt 50%, thu hogch sdn, Igc bdng mdy dat 40% - Phdt trien cdc logi mdy say, phii hgp vdi quy md, trinh dp san xudt Chii trpng viee ddu tu cac he thdng say tign tign, gdn vdi cae ca sd xay xdt, du trii luong thuc ldn Chii dpng lam khd ddi vdi ngd, nhdt la vao miia mua, hgn chg tdi da tdn thdt vg chdt lupng nhigm aflatoxin Chuyen giao cac mau hinh kho bao quan lua, ngd quy md hd gia dinh theo hu'dng tien ich, an toan CGH cae kho dat 80%, vdi 20% dugc ty dpng hda, nang cao nang sudt lao ddng va kiem sodt cdc thdng sd ky thudt qua trinh bdo quan * Ddi vai rau qud: - Ung dung cdng nghe tien tiln, xu iy can thu hogch bang cdc ehdt dieu hda sinh frudng, keo dai thdi gian thu hogch; cai tiln phuang tien, dyng cu thu hai dam bao chat lupng nguyen lieu trudc thu hoach - Thuc hien bao qudn rau qua tuoi tai cho theo hudng bpc mang ban thdm (coating); irng dung cdng nghe chilu xa, tiet trung bdng 152 133(03)/2: 147- 154 nude ndng ddi vdi mgt sd toai rau qua tucri xudt khdu - Ddu tu phdt triln he thdng so chg rau qud (Packing House) tai cdc chg ddu mdi, bao ddm ve sinh an toan thuc phdm vd ban che dgn mire thdp nhat tdn thdt sau thu hogch * Ddi vdl che: Ngoai khdu cham sdc, xdi co bdng may cdn dp dyng VIETGAP, QCVN 132:20I3/BNNPTNT frong thu hoaeh, vdn chuyen, bao quan che dg giam tdn that ve chat lupng Dgn ndm 2020, ddm bdo tren 80% chg nguyen lieu dugc thu hoach, van ehuygn, bao qudn diing yeu cdu ky thuat ChSn nudi - Ap dung mdy, thigt bi cho chdn nudi ndng hg theo qui mo cdng nghiep, cd ky thuat va cdng nghe pbii hgp dg han chg djch bfnh, giam thigu d nhigm mdi trudng vira bdo ddm an todn ve sinh thyc phdm vd tdng kha nang canh tranh ctia nganh ehdn nudi Trong nudi lpn edng nghiep 37% (tdng dan 35 frieu eon ipn), ga edng nghiep 33%i (tdng ddn 300 trieu con) - CGH chan nudi chudng trai: he thdng cung cdp thiJc an, nude udng ty dgng dat 60% vdo nam 2020 CGH ve sinh chudng frai, xu ly tdi tao chat thai chan nufli tbanh cdc san phdm dudi dang nang lugng (nhiet - dien) vd phan bdn hiiu ca dgt 70% - CGH chl biln thuc an thd (trdu, bd) tir 30% lgn 60%; Ca gidi hda: sti dyng may vdt sira dat tir 35% lgn 80% Che bien go rirng trdng San lugng gd rimg frdng d vimg trung du mien niii phfa Bac rat Idn De nang cao giatrj kinh te vd chat lugng cac sdn pham can phai dau tu CGH frong qua trinh trdng, chdm sdc, thu hoaeh va che bign gd va cdc sdn pham tir gd theo hudng nghien eiru, thiet ke va chl tao cac day ehuygn chl biln gd va cdc phu phdm tir gd (Mun cua, vd cay, cdnli ngpn ) thdnh sdn phdm hang hda than thi?n vdi mfli trudng, phyc vu tieu diing nude vd xuat khau Pham Vdn Lang vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Che bien lam san ngoai gS San phdm ldm nghiep ngodi gd d vimg trung du mign mii phia Bac rat da dang va phong phu vdi hang tram cbiing toai khac nhu: Mdng, tre, ludng, sa nhan, thdo qud, ddng sdm, giao ed lam, v.v Bk ndng cao gia fri kinh tl vd chat tugng cac san phdm cdn phdi dau tu CGH frong qua frinh thu hogch va che bign KET LUAN Cong nghiep hda - hien dai hda ndng nghiep va ndng thdn Id mpt chti trucmg Idn ctia Dang vd Nhd nude ta nhdm thuc day kinh tl phat triln, tao cdng dn, viec lam, tang thu nhap cho ngudi dan, dua ndng thdn nude ta tiln lgn van minh hien dai Trong nhitng nam qua Dang vd Nha nude da quan tdm ban hanh nhilu chinh sach hd frg phat friln CGH sdn xudt ndng, lam, ngu nghiep viing trung du miln nui phia Bde Vi^c dp dung CGH frong san xuat ndng, Iam, ngu nghipp viing trung du mign nui phia Bdc la van dk cdp bach, cd y nghTa quan frpng viec phat triln kinh tl, vdn hda, xa hdi, giir virng an ninh qude phdng vung vd ed nude, De thuc hien tdt digu can tigp tuc dau tu ca sd vat ehdt, dao tgo ngudn nhan lue, nghign cuu xay dung mgt sd md hinh CGH san xudt ndng Iam nghiep tai mgt sd dja pbuong, nganh ndng, lam nghigp cy thg, phyc vu sy nghiep phat trien kinh tg - xa hpi tai cae tinh frung du mign nui phia Bac giai dogn 2014 - 2020, tdm nhin din 2030 TAI LIEU THAM K H A O [1] Nghj quylt s6 37-NQ/TU' ciia Bp Chinh tri khoa IX, ngdy 01/7^004 nham ddy mgnh phdt uiln t33(03)/2: 147- 154 kinh tl - xd hpi, dam bao qude phbng, an ninh vimg UTing du vd miln niii phfa Bac din 2020 [2] Kit lugn s6 26-KL/TU ngdy 02/8/2012 ciia Bp Chinh frj vl vigc tilp tuc thyc hign Nghj quylt s6 37-NQ/TU' 01/7/2004 cua Bp Chinh frj khoa IX [3] Nghj quylt s6 26 - NQ/T.U ngdy 5/8/2008 cua Ban chap hanh Trung uong "Vl nong nghiep, nfing dan, ndng thon" [4] Nghi djnh s6 210/2013/ND-CP ngdy 19/12/2013 cua Chinh phii vl chinh sdch khuyin khich doanh nghiip dau tu vdo nong nghidp, ndng thon [5] Quylt dinh s6 124/QD-TTg ngdy 02/02/2012 cua Thu tudng Chinh phCi Phe duyet quy hogch tong the phdt triln san xudt ngdnh nong nghi§p din ndm 2020 vd tdm nhin din 2030 [6] Quylt dmh s6 879/QD-TTg 09/6/2014 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phil phe duygt Chiln lupc phdt uiln c6ng nghiep Viet Nam din ndm 2025, tam nhin din ndm 2035 [7] Quylt djnh s6 68/2013/QD-TTg 14/11/2013 cua Thii tudng Chinh phu vl chinh sdch ho trp nham giam t6n thdt nong nghiep [8] Quylt djnh sl 880/QD-TTg ngdy 09/6/2014 ciia Thu tudng Chinh phii phg duyet Quy hogch ting thi phat trien nginh cong nghiep ViSt Nam din nam 2025, tdm nhin din nam 2035 [9] Quylt dinh s6 62/2013/QD-TTg 25/10/2013 cua Thii tudng Chinh phii vl chinh sach khuyen khich phat triln hpp tdc, iiSn kit san xuat gin vdi tigu thu nong san, xdy dung cdnh dong ldn [10] Quylt djnh s6 1064/OD-TTg 8/7/2013 ciia Thu tudng Chinh phii "Phe duyet qui hoach tong thg phat trien kinh tl - xa hpi vitng Trung du - mien niii Bac bp din 2020" Phgm Van Lang va Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG N G H $ 133(03)/2: 147 - 154 SUMMARY REALITY AND SOLUTIONS OF MECHANIZASION FOR PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY PRODUCTS IN NORTHERN MIDLAND AND MOUNTAINS PROVINCES, VIET NAM Pham Van Lang ', Cao Thanh Long * ' ' ' Institute of Mechanical Electrical Engineering for Agriculture - MO.MiD ' Thainguyen Lniversity Northern midland and mountainous region is a particularly important location for national security, has an important role in preventing floods in the Northem Plains and Hanoi This is a potential area of lands, minerals, agriculture, forest products and tourism, hydropower etc, but untapped and unused sustainable Labor productivity in agriculture and forestry in the region is lower than the national average yield Therefore, the application of mechanization (CGH) in agriculture and forestry in the northem midland and highland region is a matter of urgency It has important implications in the development of economic, cultural, social , maintain national security for the region and the whole country In this paper, the authors analyze the actual investment and use of machinery, mechanical and electrical equipments for agriculture and forestry in the north midland - highland provinces up to 2014 and have proposed a number of sotusions to promote rapidly the mechanization progress of agriculture so as to social, economic development, to ensure security and defense, and to improve the lives ofthe people in the region up to 2020 Keywords: Mechanization, electrification, agriculture, forestry, northern midland and highlands Ngdy nhgn bdi- 03/03/2015; Ngdy phdn biin 26/03/2015; Ngay duyil d Phdn biin khoa hoc: PGS TS Lai Khde Ldi - Dgi hoc Thdi Nguyin Tel 0915215616: Email thailongtnu@gmail com 154 ... 62,14%; DBSH: 47,44%; Bac Trung bd va Duygn hai mien Trung 66,20%; Tdy Nguyen 86,32%, Ddng Nam bp: 38,97% va DBSCL la 65,58%) Lao ddng d khu vyc nong thdn ciia cac tinh trung du va mien niii phia... logi, gidu vg khdi lugng, cd gia tri kinh te cao, tdi nguyen nude va khoang san ldn nhung chua duge khai thdc, do viec ndng cao ddi sdng cua ngudi dan rat han ehe Hd ndng thdn d cdc tinh trung du. .. "Phg duyet Qui hoach tdng the pbat triln klnh te - xa hdi vimg trung du vd mign niii phia Bdc den nam 2020", dd ddc biet quan tam phat triln ndng nghiep, lam nghiep, tbuy sdn, bao gom: - Tap trung