VIENPIA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DjA LY VIET NAM DINH HUONG KHAI THAC, SÛ DUNG HOP LY LANH THO VA BAO VE MOI TRU^ONG LUU VlTC SONG BA Bid Tin Mai'''', Phgm The Vinh'''', Nguyen Vdn Cir SUMMARY Ba river[.]
VIENPIA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DjA LY VIET NAM DINH HUONG KHAI THAC, SU^ DUNG HOP LY LANH THO VA BAO VE MOI TRU^ONG LUU VlTC SONG BA Bid Tin Mai', Phgm The Vinh', Nguyen Vdn Cir SUMMARY Ba river Basin has rich and multiform of natural conditional and natural resources with economy big potentiality about Agriculture and Forestry However, Ba river Basin economy wasn't corresponding developing with potenticdity Especiality, short for natural ealamities, flash flood, landslide, drought are increase day and day Wliich effect to socioeconomic development cmd environmental so much The results of article were determined function of landscape units through natural property and human activities, it's include groups ofBa river Basin function of landscape units: (1) Protective forests and environmental protect (23,0% basin in area); (2) Environmental protect and resources exploit and use (16,7% basin in area); (3) Resources rehabilUate and environmental protect (21,9% basin in area); (4) Sustainable Economic development (38,4% basin in area); (5) Irrigation and hydroelectricity works (after water conservation project: irrigate banquet increase 107.050 ha) This is space base for exploit orient, reasonable use and Ba river Basin territoiy environmentcd protect with opinion of sustainable development I MO DAU Luu vuc sdng Ba la luu vuc ndi dja Idn nhat vimg Nam Trung Bd va cbi 1100 m) Sudn BMTH vdi dat mun vang nhat xqn nui da Iren da tram tich i3e mat cao Rimg KTX k nguyen (BMCN) vdi nhiet ddi inat - dat mim nau tren am tren to hop bazan dat Iren dii bazan tren BMCN cao 5^ BMCN vdi dit miin vang tren da (> 1100m) macma Rimg, KTX 6., Su'dn BMTH vdi ND am -,am tren dat feralit vang to hop dat feralit tren da macma axit vang do-do vang tren da khac Su'dn BMTH vdi tren nui dat feralit vang thip (700 -1100 tren da,phien set va bien chat m) Rung KTX ND aiTi-\ha arp tren to hgp dat feralit vanii dodo vanc Iren da khac tren nui thip (7001100 m) Riing KTX am -am xen he canh tac nong nghiep (NN) va trang cay bui thir sinh, tren BMCN TB (700-11 OOm) Rirng trlng xen he canh tac NN, am am tren dat nau tren bazan vi feralit vang do-dovang fen BMCN (700-1100 m) 7, He canh tac JNN_>'en trans Hang canh quan la lb 4a 7a 8b Sudn BMTH vai dat feralit vang tren da da bien chat 9a 10 BMCN vdi dit nau do, nau tim tren da bazan 10a 11 BMCN vdi "dit feralit dd vang tren da tram tich lla 12 " " B M C W " 14 Hi; canh tac NN hau nongklia am tien dat nau vang, xam bac mau vdi 12a 13 BMCN vdi dit feralit nau dd tren bazan 13a 14 BMCN vdi feralit vang tren 14a Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c lan th&S-Hd 31 Dong chay xam thuc vdi phii sa duoc boi hang nam 33 Them song vdi dat ; phu sa khong dugc boi i 33b ; nan" nam 34 Dong chay thudng xuyen vdi phu sa glay 5a 6a 29a 32 Them song vdi dat, nau ving tn:n phii sa co 3a 8., Sudn BMTH vdi dat feralit vang tren da macma axit feralit dd ,vang tren da bien chat 13 Me canh tac NN vdi hau nong -, hai kho tren dat xam bac mau va dai phu sa 29 t h e m song vdi dat xam, xam bac mau tren phu sa CO 30 Them song vdi dat phu sa khong dugc boi nang nam 15 He canh tac NN vdi hau rat nong hai am, tren to hop dat xam, phii sa khong dirge boi va dong bang ven bien 16 Trang bui xen tren thi|ni ,va bien bien cay dat con, bai 17 Rung va trang cay bui ngap man tren dat man va man , sii vet dam lay 18 Rimg nua rung la,ND am - ,hai am Uen dat ferait vang do-dd vang 19 Rimg niia rung la ND nong - hai am va trang cay bui thir sinh rung 14 tren to hgp dat feralit Ndi, 2010 35 Them song bien vdi d|t phu sa khong dirge boi 36 Bai boi song duoc boi 37 Con dun catuang vang 38 Them va bai bien vdi dat cat -,Q, '^^ 39 Dam lay cua song ven bien vdi dat man su vet 40 Sudn BMTH vdi feralit vang tren da macma axit 41 Suon BMTH vdi feralit 'vang tren da bien chit 42 Sudn BMTH vdi feralit vang Uen da macma axit 43 Sudn BMTH vdi feralit van.g Uen da 409 HOI DIA LY VIET NAM VIEN DIA hY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM ca\ bui ain - hai aiii Ircn diii nau tren bazan \a dai feralit \aiig do-do vans Uin BMCN (700 100 ni) RungK'lXND hau nong-hoi am va Irani; ca\ bui thu sinh tren 16 hop dai feralit vang do-do, vang tren niii thap < 700 m Rung , KTX ND nong am xen irang ca\' bui co Ihir sinh \a he canh lac NN lien dat nau ba/an va dat feralit vang, 10 Rimg NDIX xen he canh tac NN CO hii.u nong am tren dat nau bazan va dill xam bac man da macma axil 15 BMCN \ai feralit sang li'cn da tram tich 16 BMCN \di da( nau tren da bazan 18 Sudn BMTH vdi feralit vang tren da tram lich 19 BMCN vdi feralit \'ang tren da tram tich 20 BMCN vdi dll nau Iriin da bazan 16a 17b 19a 20a 23b 26, Them song vdi dat nau vang tren phu sa CO 20 Rimg nua riing la ND nong-kha am xen Irang ca\ bui CO thir sinh va hi; canh lac NN tren dll nau bazan va feralit viing dai xam hicn chat •lib 44 BMCN \ai dat feralit viing (ren ila macma axit 45 BMCN voj dll xam ircn dii bicn dial •I5n 46, BMCN vdi dill tren bazan 4da nau lla 47a' ija 24 BMCl^ vdi dat xam triin da 3T 700-111 ISa 21 BMCN vdi dat xam bac man tren da macma axit 22 BMCN \di dat feralit nau nau tren bazan 25 BMCN vdi dat nau do, nau tham tren da bazan 12 Rimg ND thudng xanh xen he canh tac NN ven song suoi CO hau nhiet dgi nong am tren dat nau vang va dat phii sa I.-'a 17a 17 Sudn BMfH soi feralit vang tren da niacnia axit 23 BMCN vdi dll den boi lu ircn da bazan 11 He canh tac NN xen trang cay bui Iren dat do, nau nau tham bazan va dat feralit vang do, dat xam 'vang cRi^'Tlo vaim iron luii • 24a 25a 25b 26a 26b 21 'Them song vdi dat phii sa CO tang loang 16 27a vang 28 Dong chay xam thuc vdi phii sa ncoi 28a su6i khong phan cFiia 21 He canh Uic NN xen Iranu cay bui va rirng rung la tren dat nau bazan, dat xam bac mail tren CN llilp tir 400-700 m BMCN \di dai X XB 47b' 48a' 48 BMCN vdi nau tren dii bazan 48h 22 Rimg nua 49 BMCN, voi diil xam rung la ND tren dii phicn set va tram nong - am vdi lich dat nap bazan dat xam 50 BMCN voi dat feralit tren da, phien niiLi viing tren da bazan set va tram tich Ririiii rum I, D6i vdi dat iiiiu vang la xen trang Iren pliii sa co cay bui chiu ban, CO hau nong - hoi am 52 Dpi va dong bang d6i tren to hop dat vdi dai xam bac mau nau vang tren phii sa 53 D6i vdi dat feralil 24 Trami ca :ay vang Iren da h-am lich inn 54 D6i vdi dai XM Ira xen nuong ray s6i da \a rirng rung la CO hau rat 55 Doi \di dat nau vang, nong -kha am nau ihani Iren da bazan tren l6 hgp dat 56 Dong bang d6i vdi dat nau d6 tren feralit vann tren da tram bazan, feralit lich vang va dat 57 Done bang doi xam tren doi pedinien ctian niii vdi dat cao va donj; X, XB bang doi pcdimen chan 58 Dgng bang doi vdi dat nau tham, nau vang Iren da niii 49a 50a 51a 52a 53b 54b 55b 56b 57b 58b baziin 2.2 Xac djnh chiic nang cac don vj canh quan Tren c a sd dac diem CQST luu \ uc sdng Ba (bang 1) va Ibam khao tilm nang the manh ve lai nguyen ciia tirng dan vj CQ \5] cd the xac djnh cbirc nang CQ phuc vii phat trien ndng nghiep, lam nghii^p va BVMT luu vuc sdng Ba nlur sau: 410 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c lan th&S - Hd Ndi 2010 VIEN DjA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM 1) Chirc ndng ndng nghiep - Trong Ilia phan bd lap trung d khu vuc ddng bang, thung lung Tay Trudns Son, gom cac CQ: 14a, 15a, 18a 19a, 23a, 26a, 27a, 30a, 44a, 49a, 50a, Ddng Trii'dng Son, gdm cac CQ: 23b, 26b, 32b, 33b, 35b, 36b - Cay Irdng hang nam phan bo tap trung d khu vuc ddng bang, thung liing va cao nouyen Q Tay Trudng San, gom cac CQ: 10a, lla, 12a, 13a, 14a, 15a, 19a, 21a, 23a, 24a, 26a, 27a, 29a, 30a, 44a, 45a, 49a, 50a, 51a, 52a Ddng Trudng Son, gom cac CQ: 23b, 26b, 32b, 33b, 35b, 36b, 48b, 56b, 57b - cay cdng nghiep dai va cay an qua phan bd tap trung d khu vuc ddng bing, thung lung va cao nguyen, tdt nhat tren dat nau dd, dat nau tham, nau tim tren bazan Q Tay Trudng Son, gdm cac CQ: 4a, 5a, 10a, 13a, 16a, 20a, 21a, 22a, 24a, 25a, 45a, 46a, 48a, 50a Ddng Trudng Son, gom cac CQ: 25b, 48b, 55b, 58b - Ddng cd chan nudi phan bd cbii yeu d khu vuc cao nguyen va ddi, mdt sd khac vdi dien tich nhd d mil thap Tay Trirdng Son gdm cac CQ: 50a, 51a, 52a Ci Dong Tru'dng So'n, gdm; 53b, 55b, 56b, 57b - Nudi trdng thuy san, gdm irnpt phan dien tich cac CQ: 28a, la, 34b, 38b, 39b 2) Chirc ndng ldm nghiep - Rirng dac dung; Bao gdm: vudn qudc gia; khu Bao tdn thien nhien (BTTN); khu bao ve CQ va rirng giau Trong luu virc gdm cd; (1) Vudn Qudc gia cd rirng cam Bac Deo ca; (2) Khu BTTN gom: khu BTTN KonCbaRang, khu BTTN KonKaKinb (huyen K'Bang); khu BTTN Ea So (huyen Ea Kar); khu BTTN Krdng Trai (huyen Son Hoa); (3) Khu du ljch sinh thai Son Nguyen, huyen Son Hoa; (4) Khu di tich ljch sii' Lang Khang chien Stol (huyen An Khe) Cac CQ cd chu'c nang rirng dac dung, gom: la, lb, 2a, 3a, 6a, 7a, 8b, 9a, - Rung phdng bd: Tap trung d khu vuc dau ngudn, nhat la khu vi,rc mii phia Tay Bac cd cao > 1.500 in (gdm dinh mii Ha Mu, Nggc Rd, KonKaKinb, KrongLac, Kon Boria), khu virc niii phia Ddng cd cao > 1.100 in (gdm dinh Kon Trech, Kong Xa Krdng, Kdng Ya Gouan), phia Tay Nam ciia luu vuc cd cao > 1.100 m (day mii Phugng Hoang), Cac CQ cd cbirc nang rimg phdng hd: la, lb, 2a, 3a, 6a, 7a, 8b, 9a, 17a, 17b, 37b, 38b, 39b, 40a, 41a, 42a, 43b, Ngoai CQ cdn cd rai rac d mgt sd khu vuc niii phia Ddng va phia BIC ciia luu vuc, Nhiing CQ cd chuc nang dam bao sir can bang ciia he sinh thai tu nhien chung ciia lanh thd - Rii'ng san xuat: Tap trung chii ylu d nai cd ban khd ndng, dat bi thoai boa bac mau hoac tra sdi da Cac CQ cd chiic nang san xuat la chinh, chi mdt vai don vj vdi dien tich nhd la cd chuc nang phdng hd Chirc nang riing trdng cd CQ; 21a, 24a, 29a, 37b, 38b, 45a, 47a, 48a, 49a, 52a, 54b, 57b Rirng san xuit chu ylu la cac tham rirng trdng thuan loai, vdi phin loai chu ylu la keo tai tugng, keo lai, bach dan va thdng hai la, cac cay hg diu, hg dau, hg xoan, hg de, hg gai, hg sim, day la nhiing loai phii hgp dilu kien khd - ndng Cdn d CQ: 37b, 38b phan bo d ven bien tren cac cdn cat trdng phi lao, cd tac dung chong cat bay, che chin gid, phdng hg cho khu vuc dan cu va dat san xuat ndng nghiep ben dat liln rat cd hieu qua Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c la'n tb&S- Hd Ndi, 2010 ^'^ VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA L'Y VIET NAM 3) Chirc ndng nong - ldm kit hgp Canh quan cd chirc nang ndng - lain kit hgp ngoai chirc nang phdng bd, BVMT cdn cd thi kit hgp canh tac va khai thac tai nguyen theo phuang thuc ndng - Mm hoac lam - ndng kit hgp CQ phan bd chii ylu d ddc tii' 15 - 20° Chii'c nang chinh ciia CQ la cung d p lam san phuc vu san xuit va tieu diing ciia ngudi dan Tuy nhien tren dja binh dac thii nhiing boat ddng kinh tl phai hoan loan tuan thu cac nguyen tic canh tac bin vung tren dll doc Chuc nang ndng - lam ket hgp cd 19 CQ, gdm; 4a, 5a, l l a 12a, 13a, 14a, 15a, 17a 17b, 18a, 43a, 43b, 47b, 48b, 52a, 53b Ngoai chirc nang ndng lain nghiep cdn phan bo rai rac d mdt sd CQ d khu vuc niii thip phia Ddng va phia BIC ciia luu vuc, Nhung CQ cd chirc nang dam bao su can bang ciia he sinh thai tu nhien chung ciia lanh thd, 2.3 Djnh hudng khai thac, su' dung hop ly lanh thd va bao ve mdi trudng theo chiic nang canh quan Til' kit qua danh gia rieng chirc nang tiing don vj CQ cho phat trien ndng, lam nghiep va BVMT da cho kit qua khach quan \'e dieu kien phat trien cac nganh san xuat tren lanh thd luu vuc sdng Ba, Kit qua danh gia cho thay mdi don vj CQ khdng chi thich hgp cho mdt nganh san xuit ma cdn cd kha nang phat trien ihieu nganh san xuat, can cii' vao ket qua danh gia cbirc nang cac don \'j CQ, ddng thdi can cii' vao truyen thdng san xuat, hien trang khai thac sii' dung tai nguyen tren tirng don vj CQ [5], chiing tdi kiln nghj djnh hudng khai thac SDHL luu vuc sdng Ba theo cac nhdm chiic nang CQsau (bang 2) (hinh 1) 1) Chiic ndng phong hd vd bdo vi mdi trudng Cac CQ vira cd chirc nang phong hd, vira cd chirc nang BVMT la cac CQ hinh tren cac dang dja binh cd cao > 1.100 m, cd ddc > 25°, muc chia cat sau va chia cat ngang Idn, de bj tac dgng nen de dan den cac qua trinh ngoai sinh bat lgi, dong thdi hinh nen cac dien tich rirng dac diing, phdng hg giam nhe thien tai, BVMT Day la nhung CQ cd tinh da dang sinh hgc cao va dap ung cac nhu cau tham quan, du lich mao hiem, nghien ciru ciia du khach va cac nha khoa bgc Ddi vdi cac CQ nay, boat dgng ndng nghiep can chu trgng den canh tac ben vung bang cac tap doan cay dai ngay, cimg vdi cac bien phap ky thuat chdng xoi mdn, chdng cac qiia trinh di chuyen vat chat theo trgng luc dien nhanh, Dac biet phai quan ly va bao ve nghiem ngat cac khu BTTN, noi giu gin ngudn gen ciia cac loai ddng thuc vat cd sach dd ciia Viet Nam va thi gidi Chii'c nang gdm cac CQ: la, lb, 2a, 3a, 6a, 7a, 8b, 9a, 17a, 17b, 40a, 41a, 42a, 43b, vdi dien tich 320,082,9 ha, chilm 23,0% dien tich luu vuc (DTLV) 2) Chiic nang bdo ve moi trudng vd khai thdc sir dung tdi nguyin Cac CQ cd chirc nang BVMT va kliai thac sir dung tai nguyen la cac CQ cd chuc nang phdng bd va BVMT nhung cd thi kit bgp canh tac va khai thac tai nguyen theo phuong thuc lam - ndng kit hgp, hoac ndng - kam kit bgp Nhdm CQ phin Idn phan bd d cao tir 700 - 1,100 m, tren cac dang dja hinh cd ddc lir 15 - 25°, mirc chia clt kha Idn, Chiic nang gdm cac CQ: 4a, 5a, 10a, lla, 12a, 14a, 15a, 8a, 19a, 37b, 38b, 39b 43a, 47a, 47b, 52a, 53b, 54b, vdi dien tich 232,394,0 ba, chilm 16,7% DTLV Hien tai tren nhdm CQ chat lugng tai nguyen, dac biet tai nguyen dit va riing da bj khai thac kha manh, nhieu nai bj thay thi bdi rirng thir sinh, trang cd cay bui va dat hoang Dac biet cac thien tai: lu quel, chay rirng thudng xuyen xay Hien 412 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c la'n tb&S - Ha Ndi 2010 VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VTET NAM nhdm CQ dien tich cay bui, trang co dat nuang ray Ircn dat ddc chiem tdi 25% dien tich nhom CQ Vdi chirc nang bao ve ket hgp khai thac mgt plum ihi cac CQ cln thilt phai ap dung cac bicn phap phuc bdi tham rirng va phat Iricn tham cd hieu qua cao nhit ddi vdi MT Cac boat ddng kinh te phai hoan loan tuan Ihii ihco cac ngu\en tic canh tac ben vung tren dat ddc Can chuyen ddi ca cau cay trdng hgp ly vdi cac tap doan cay dai tren dat ddc de thay the cac boat ddng nuang ray cd hieu qua duap Tao Idp phii be mat bang nhieu tang cay, lira chgn ca cau cay trdng pbii hgp vdi DKTN dl dam bao PTBV, chdng xdi mdn va riia trdi cac CQ sd 38b, 39b tren cac cdn dun cat, bai bien va dat man sii vet, cd dien tich khdng Idn nhung cd y nghTa rat quan trgng ddi vdi MT ven biisn Khu vuc can nang cao chat lugng riing, bao ve va md rdng dien tich rirng phdng hd ven bien n if' iriTim s-^-::: CZZl s-;;r.' 1 "-— Ik Ti«'l., r nl^H, B NH 0|MH '• \ '.' K: ' iMk V A A jf 't: TY LE 1.1 OOO OOO 722 31 HlNM 1: B A N D D | N H HUdJNG KHAI T H A C SU D U N G HQP LY T A I N G U V E N V A B A O V $ M