Tài nguyên biển và định hướng khai thác sử dụng bền vững tài nguyên biển tỉnh bình định

VIEi D |A LY VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DXA LY VIIET NAM TAI N G U Y E N BIEN VA DINH HU''''ONG K H A I T H A C SU''''DUNG BEN VU''''NG TAI NGUYEN BIEN T I N H BINH DINH Luang Thi Viln, Phan Thi Le Thiiy'''''''' I VI T[.]

V I E i D | A LY - V I E N K H O C N VIET NAM HOI DXA LY VIIET NAM TAI N G U Y E N B I E N VA D I N H HU'ONG K H A I T H A C S U ' D U N G B E N VU'NG TAI N G U Y E N BIEN T I N H B I N H D I N H Luang Thi Viln, Phan Thi Le Thiiy'' I VI TRI KINH TE CUA TINH BINH DINH Binh Djnh Id mot tinh ndm dja ban vimg kinh te trgng diem mien Trung, mdt vimg kinh te ed nhieu tiem ndng vd khu kinh te vdi cdc co' che uu ddi, dd cd khu kinh te Nhon Fldi thude tinh Binh Djnh Dien tich tu nhicn todn tinh Id 6.024 kn'i2, ddn sd ndm 2009 Id 1,6 trieu ngudi, chiem 1,8% dien tich va dan sd cua cd nude, 18,2% dien tich va 22% ddn sd vimg duyen hdi Nam Trung bd Phia Bde gidp tinh Qudng Ngai, phia Nam gidp tinh Phii Yen, phia Tay giap tinh Gia Lai, phia Ddng gidp bien Ddng Todn tinh cd 157 xa, phudng, thj trdn thugc 10 huyen vd thdnh phd Binh FJjnh la cira ngd giao thdng vira gidp vdi bien, vira gidp vdi Tdy Nguyien, Id dan mdi ciia nhieu tuycn dudng giao thdng qudc gia ve thiiy, bd hang khdng vd dudng sit Ve dudng bd, cd qudc Id lA chay qua, ed dudng 19 ndi Tay Nguyen vdi Fla Lao, Ddng Bic Campuehia va Thai Lan, ed qudc Id ID Quy Nhon - Sdng Can Ve dudng sdt Id dilm dirng chan ciia tau Thdng Nhcdt Bdc - Nam tcii ga Dieu Tri Ve dudng bien, cang Quy Nhan la cira ngd hdnh lang Ddng - Tdy, cd kha nang ddn tdu 30 nghin tdn vao Ihuan Igi Ve dudng bdng khdng, cd sdn bay Phii Cat dang ngcdy cdng dirge ndng cdp va hodn thien Vj tri trung lain tren cdc tuyen giao km qudc te vd lien vimg, tuyen true Bdc Nam vd Ddng Tcdy ciia mien Trung, gdn dudng hang hdi qudc te cla Idm cho Binh Djnh tro cira ngd hudng bien eiia cdc nude Tieu khu vuc Me Cdng md rdng, ddc bid Id vdi Ldo, Campuehia vd cdc tinh Ddng Bdc Thdi Lan; da tao nhieu dicu kien thudn Igi dl Binh Djnh khai thdc cdc the manh ve tiem ndng lao ddng, ddt dai vd edc ngudn tdi nguyen thien nhien kbdc, ddc bid Id tdi nguyen bien phdt trien KT - XFl vd irong bdo ve an ninh, qudc phdng, md rdng thj trudng tieu thu, day manh thu hiit vdn ddu tu, giao luu vdi cdc tinh nude vd qudc te, hda nhjp vao xu the phdt trien chung Hidi nay, Binh Djnh dang nd lire xdy dung vd phcdt trien de cd vj tri xirng ddng Id Irung lam ciia khu vuc miin Trung Dieu la khd thi bdi tiem nang to Idn ciia cae ngudn tdi nguyen ma dac bid Id tdi nguyen bien, bdi cdng trinb cau dirdng Quy Mhon Nhon Hdi, ciu vugt biln ddi va ldn nhit Vid Nam da hodn va Khu kinh te Nhon Fldi se di vao boat dgng, tao co hdi vd ddng kre phdt trien khdng chi cho rieng Binh Dinh ma cdn cho ca viing ven bien mien Trung TAI NGUYEN BIEN TINH BINH DINH Binh Djnh cd chilu ddi bd bien 134 km vdi viing lanh hdi 2.500 km2 vd vung ddc quyIn kinh tl 40.000 km2 vdi nhieu locai tdi nguyen bien khd phong phii; cd cdng Quy 'Khoa Dia li - Dia chinh Tnrdng Deii hoe Quy Nhan Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn cjudc lan th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010 10T7 VIEN DIA L-V - VIEN KHOCN VIET HOI DIA LY VIET NAM UMi Nhon \ d tuang lai gin cd cdng Nhon Fldi vdi hdu phuong cang rdng Idn cd cua lach ldn: Qu} Nhon D I Gi (huyen Phii Cat), Tam Quan (huyen Hoai Nhon) vd eua nhd: Hd Ra - Phu Thir (huyen Phii My) va An Du (huyen Hoai Nhon), ed ddo Cii Lao Xanh rdna km2 (Tp Quy Nhon), cd cdc dam ho tu nhien (dam Thj Nai vd Cdn Chim dam D I Gi dim Trd vjnh Nude nggt ) vdi mire da dang sinh hgc thugc vdo loai cao 2.L Till nguyen thuy hai san - Viine biln Binh Djnh ndi rieng va duyen hai Mien Trung ndi chung cd >500 lodi ed (cd ndi 65% vd ca ddy 35%) vdi trid lugng ca udc tinh >50.000 tin dd nhilu nhit Id cd ngii' (2.000 - 3.000 tin), ed com (1.000 - 1.500 tan), cdn lai Id cdc lodi cd niic, thu nui hdng, dudi, cd cam Sdn lugng khai thdc hang nam cd khd ndng dal 25.000 - 30.000 tin Rieng tdm cd tru lugng Idn (1.000 - 1.500 tan/ndin) vd khd nang khai thdc 300 - 500 tin/ndm; nnre 1.000 - 1.500 tin/nam, khd ndng khai thdc 500 - 100 tin/nam Ngodi ra, cdn cd cdc lodi dac sdn kbdc nhu tdm bum, tdm he, cua hii}nh dl, sd diep cd ngira, bdo ngu, hdi sdm Bien Binh Dinh cdn cd nhieu san phdm quy hiem cd gid trj kinh le eao, ddng chu y nhit Id yin sdo, san lugng khodng 650kg/ndin, tcdp trung d bdn ddo Phuong Mai (Quy Nhon) vd mdl sd ddo nhd d Phii Cat Cdc bdi ran san hd ciia Binh Djnh phdn bd chinh tai khu vuc Cii Lao Xanh, Hdn Dit Hdn Khd thugc Tp Quy Nhon Didi tich ran san hd vimg bien ven bd cud cd tinh udc tinh khodng 109 ha; dd, rieng viing bien Cii Lao Xanh, Hdn Dat, Hdn Khd Id 62 (chiem 54,7% tdng dien tich cdc ran) vdi khu he san hd phong phii, kich thude Idn vd phii cao Day cdn Id noi lcdp trung nhieu he ddng vat sdng ran Trong dd, cd nhieu lodi cd san hd, ddng vat than mem vd giap xdc cd gia trj kinh tc va y nghia khoa hgc rdt cao Bdng Sd luc/ng cdc hg, gidng, lodi san hd tgl nwt sd viing bien ven bd Viet Nam Vung bien Hg Gidng Lodi Cu Lao Cham (Qudng Nam) 31 77 187 Miii An Hda (Quang Ngai) 35 96 225 Nha Trang (Khdnh Floa) 41 200 256 Cu Lao Cau (Binh Thuan) 35 87 211 Con Ddo (Ba Ria - Viing Tau) 27 68 160 An Thdi (Kien Giang) 25 60 135 Quy Nhon (Binh Dinh) 34 60 111 Ngudn [3, 9] - Vimg nude Ig ciia tinh ed dien tich mat nude Idn vd tap trung nhu dam Thj Nai 5060 ddm D I Gi 1.600 ha, viing cira sdng Tam Quan 300 ba Cdc dim ho ndi liln vdi cdc eo \inh bien, cira sdng vd thdng vdi biln Ddng Nude ddm ed ndng mudi thdp ngudn thirc dn phong phii vd da dang rit thich hgp cho Ccdc lodi thiiy san sinh trudng vd phdt trien Noi day cd nhilu lodi tdm, cd (14 loai tdm va khodng 116 lodi cd) CO gid trj kinh te cao dimg cho xudt khdu vd tidi dimg ngi dja nhu tdm su, tdm bcac, ldm dat, cd chua, ed ddi, cd dia, cd mdng, cd hong, ca chinh Ngodi tdm cd, vimg cdn 1078 Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010 VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM H'G'I PIA LY VIET NAM CO khodng 136 loai rong vd thuc vat cd gid trj su dung chdn nudi, trdng trgt vd y dugc, ddc bid la rong cdu chi vdng ed hdm lugng aga ldn, can thiet cho cdng nghiep y dugc vd tlurc pbam Trong cdc ddm vjnh ndi Iren, ddm Thj Nai - Cdn Chim Id ddm nude Ig rdng Idn vd cd canh quan ddc ddo nhcdt linh Ddm chju dnh hudng sdu sac die bdn nhdt trieu ciia bien, lugng phii sa vd phii du rdt gidu, ngudn Igi tluiy san phong phu Tai dd}- cd nhieu he sinh thdi nlur rung ngcdp man, thdm cd bien va vimg day mem da tao dilu kien thudn lgi cho vice cu Ini, kiem an, sinh sdn ciia cae lodi thiiy sdn, dd cd nhieu lodi thuy sdn cd gid trj kinh le, dugc ddnh bdt quanh nam - sinh ke quan trgng chu yeu cua cu ddn sdng ven ddm Rieng chim d khu vuc Cdn Chim - ddm Thj Nai cd Ihdnh phdn tuong ddi phong phii Ngodi cdc lodi chim nude va chim bd bien di cu, d cLdy cdn nhieu lodi chim rirng thude nhieu bd, hg khcdc nhu bd sd, bd bd can, bd se Tcai ddy, cdn la no'i sinh cu ciia chim Yen hdng vd chim Yen mii, cdc ioai chim quy cd ve gid trj kinh te Idn gid trj khoa hgc vd y bge Ngodi ra, khu vuc Ucdy cdn co ed cd thia la mdt lodi chim di cir rcdt quy hiem ed ten Sdch Dd Vid Nam va Sdch Dd the gidi, Thdm cd bien ddm Thj Nai cd tdng didi tich khoang 200 ha, thudng phdn bd d vimg nude ndng ven ddm, edc ao dia vd dac bid nhieu nhdt la tren edc cdn ndi dam Do pbii eiia thdm ed dao ddng tu 50 - 100%, mat cdy tir 350 - 5.000 cdy/in2 Rieng vimg ddy mem cd didi tich Idn nliat dam vd cimg vdi thdm cd bien tao mdi trudng ebo sir phong plui ciia cdc lodi than mem, gidp xdc Bdng Thdnh phdn lodi thuc vcit dcnig vcjt cua ddm Thi IWgl - Cdn Chlni STT 10 Ten Thuc vdt phu du Rong Dgng vat phu du Dgng vat dcdy Dong vat than mem Tom Ca Cua Ghe Chim Sd loai 85 136 64 181 100 14 119 -> 36 ffgiion f3] 2.2 Tai nguyen khoang san Binh Djnh kbdng gidu ve ldi nguyen khodng sdn nlur cac tinh khde d Ddng Bdc vd Ddng Nam bd nhirng cd mot sd khdang san phan bd d vimg ven bien dd dugc thdm dd ddnh gia Id cd gid trj, tcao dieu kien thiic ddy sir phat trien kinh te dja phuong ndi chung vd cho nganh cdng nghiep ndi rieng Dang chii y la cdc loai khodng sdn sau; - Qudng Titan: Sa khoang titan phdn bd dgc bd bien tu Hodi Nhon den Quy Nhon, cd mdt so md ldn tap trung d Pbii Cat, Phii My, ban ddo Phuong Mai (Quy Nho'n), Idn nhit la md sa khoang De Gi, tru lugng >1,5 trieu tan, hien da dugc dua vdo lien doanh vdi Cede ddi tcdc nude ngoai de khai tbdc, cldc bid vdi Malaysia Cdc md cdn kai dang dugc ticp tvic dieu tra ddnh gid kai trir lugng Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn cjud'c ldn th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010 1079 VIEN EIA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM - Cdt ^ a cat tring bien; Cat, cat vdng vd eat trang phan bd dgc lheo bd bien Binh Dinh vdi tru' lugng ldn ddp irng nhu cau lam vat lieu xay dung Trong dd, cdt trang lap trung d Phil Cdt Phii My, Nhon Hdi (Quy Nhon), dae bid la d Dap Cam va Binh Dc (Hoai Nhon) ^'di tdng trir lugng 0,9 trieu m3 vdi ham lugng Si02 dat >98%, ham lugng Fe203 rit nhd cd hat Id 0,5 - 0,1 chiem >85,5%, dat lieu chuan Idm nguyen lieu de sdn xuit thiiy tinh 2.3 Tai nguyen du ljch Tdi nguyen du ljch bien eiia Binh Dinh tuang ddi phong phii va da dang Bd biln ddi nhilu viing vjnh bao gdm mdt be thdng canh quan bien - dao - mii - dam hd, cdn e dt vdi >150 danh thdng bien hdi hda vd diem di tich Ijeh su van hda hap dan nhu bdn ddo Phuong Mai, bai lain Hoang Hdu, bai bien Tam Quan, ddo Yen, Quy Hda, Bai Xep, Bai Ddi Bai Dai, Bai Bang, ddi Thi nhan vd md Han Mac Tu ciing vdi tiem nang van hda phi vat the nhu mdn phai vd thuat Tay Son, nghe thuat hat tudng, nghe thuat bdt bai chdi, ll hdi Cheo bd trao ddc ddo tao dieu kien de Binb Djnh phat trien du Iich bien vdi nhieu loai hinh, hda nhap vdo cdc chuong trinb du ljch "Con dudng di Scdn mien Trung"" vd "Con dudng xanh Tdy Nguyen" Khai thdc cdc Igi the ve tai nguyen du Ijeh nhan van vd cac Igi the ve cdnh quan, tdi ngu}'en du ljch bien Id the manh ciia du ljch Binb Djnh viec phdt trien cdc sdn phdm du Ijch nlur vdn hda, nghi dudng bdib, tam bien, trugl cdn cat, the thao, sinh Ihdi, tham quan, du ljch qud cdnh Tai nguyen du Ijeh tap trung cbii yeu d khu viic bien Tp Quy Nhon vd vimg phu can vdng ban kinh khoang 30 - 40 km, vi vay viec ddu tu de khai ihdc, phdt trien tuang ddi thudn lgi HOAT DONG KHAI THAC TAI NGUYEN BIEN TINH BINH DINH 3.1 Hoat ddng khai thac, nuoi trdng va che bien thiiy hai san - Tren co sd ngudn lgi vd tiem nang bien, thai gian qua Binh Dinh da khai thdc, day manh nhieu nganh kinh te bien, gdp phdn to ldn vdo phat trien KT - XH, dan sinh, van hda khdng nhirng ehi rieng cho Binh Djnh ma cdn cd y nghTa gdp phdn phat tridi KT - Xll cho ca mien Trung Ddc bid, ddi vdi nudi trdng, danh bat - che bien hai sdn cd nhieu tien bd va cd muc tang trudng nhanh Nang lire tau thuyen va su chuyen ddi nganh nghi theo hirdng vuan khai thac Ka bd, bdm bien ddi ngdy, ddng thdi thay thi din cac tau thuyin cu ky cdng suit nhd cd xu the ngdy cang tdng Hdng nam, sd lugng tdu thuyin tang binh quan tir - 8%, cdng sudt ma luc tang binh qudn 13 -15%, chu ylu la cac tau ddng mdi 33CV trd len Din nay, sd lugng tdu thuyin ddnh cd todn tinh >5.800 chile, dd 5.200 chile gin ddng ca, vdi tdng cdng suit 143.000 CV, binh quan 27,5 CV/chilc (cao hon mire binh qudn cdng sudt tau thu}'cn chung ciia cd nirdc) Ben canh viec khai thdc ngu trudng tinh, ngu dan Binh Dinh da di chuyen lire lugng sdn xuat tdi cdc ngu trudng trgng diem ea nude va ddnh bit quanh nam Hdng nam, cd khoang 55 - 60% so tau thuyin cdng suit >20 CV boat ddng khai Ihdc d cdc ngu ku'dng ngodi tinh Gid kj khai thdc hdi sdn thdi ky 1996 - 2005 tang binh quan gan 9%'nam (theo gia cd djnh ndm 1994) rieng thdi ky 1996 - 2000 tang 11%/nam va thdi ky 2001 - 2005 tdng 7%/nam Ty trgng nganh hai san nam 2005 chilm 30.3% tong gid kj san xudt ndng-lam-ngu nghiep Sdn lugng khai thac hdi sdn tdng lir 58.659 1080 Hdi nghi JClioa hgc Dia ly Todn cjud'c ldn th&S - Ha Ndi, 2010 VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM tan/1995 len 75.406 lan/2000, Icn 100.000 tin/2005 vd dal 113.000 lin/2009 vdi tdc ldng binh qudn Id 6,4%, dd giai doim 2001 - 2005 Id 7,3% Giai doim 2001 - 2005 sdn lugng hdi sdn ddnh bat xa bd tdng binh qudn 6,2%/nam - Trong Inih vuc nudi trdng thiiy sdn cd su phdt trien vdi tdc ctd, hieu qud kinh te cao, thu luit nhieu thdnh phdn kinh tc tham gia, da va dang chuyen sang sdn xucdt hdng hda, ddng vai trd quan trgng vice chuyen ddi eo' cau kinh te vimg ven bien Binh Djnh Trong dd, nudi trdng thuy sdn vimg nude Ig ven bien ed sdn lugng tdm cd vd dac sdn tang nhanh, phuc vu xudl khdu vd lieu dimg ndi dja Cdc vimg nudi d ddm Thi Nai, De Gi vd Flodi Nhon da hinh thdnh vd phdt trien lien hodn tu khdu Scdn xuat gidng, thirc an den khau nudi tdm thjt Ndng sudt tdm nudi todn tinb dat 380 - 420 kg/ha/nam Sdn lugng thiiy san nudi nam 1995 Id 1.163 tan, tang ldi 3.300 tan/2005, tang binh quan 10,3% nam ehii yeu giai doan 1996 - 2000., nudi trdng tang 6,6%/nain Sdn lugng tdm nudi chiem 55 - 65% tdng sdn lugng nudi trdng Bdng Sdn lugng ddnh bdt vd nudi thiiy sdn glal dogn 1995 - 2009 Nam 1995 (tin) 2000 (tin) 2005 (tan) 2009 (tin) San lugng hdi san San lugng nudi trdng 58.659 1.163 75.406 1.907 100.000 3.303 113 000 Tdc tang BQ (%) 6,4 10,3 Ngudn [2, 6f Rieng nudi trdng viing bien phdt trien chua that su manh Ddi tugng nudi chu yen la tdm hiim, ea mu Idng be tren bien Hien nay, cdng nghe sdn xuat gidng nhan tao tdm hiim, ca mu cdn chua dam bao nen sdn xudt thieu chu ddng - Nganh che bien thiiy hai san ngdy cang duge nhieu thdnh phdn kinh te tham gia, dd da cd nbieu doanh nghiep tu nhan, tap the va hd gia dinh kbdng djnh dugc vai trd ciia minh ben canh vai trd trung tam eiia doanh nghiep Nba nude ea ITnh vuc san xuat ngi dia va xuat khau Cac san pham chinh ciia nganh cbe bien gdm cd; muc khd lot da xuat khau, muc fillet, muc an lien sasbimi, mirc an lien shushi, tdm chi PTO, muc tam can ddn, muc tam can mem, ca mai say, ca bd khd, nude mam eao dam, vi cudc ca, bdng cd, da ea, hang tirai sdng, ddng lanh va dd hop Dac sdn khd xuat khau cd gia tri nhdt hien la yen Nhd chu trgng khau dudng chim bang nam, cai tien ky thuat, chdng that thoat, tan thu nham tdng sdn lugng yen nen san lugng yen hang nam tang binh quan tii' -12%, khoang 959 kg/ndm 3.2 Hoat dong du Ijch Cho din nay, boat dgng du ljch cua Binh Djnh chu yeu tap trung d khu virc Tp Quy Nhon va dgc tuyln qudc Id lA Cdc tuyen khde nhu dudng 19, Nhd Bdo tang Quang Trung, Him Hd, bd VTnh Son, hd Niii Mdt, Sudi nude ndng Hdi Van, Chiia Thay chi thu hut khach du Iich Do vay, cd the ndi boat ddng du Ijch bien va viing ven biln ddng vai trd chii yeu phat trien du Ijch ciia Binh Djnh Hoat dgng du ljch cd budc phdt trien, ca sd tang du lieh dugc nang cap, chat lugng dich vu du lieh duge ndng len Mdt sd tuyen va diem du ljch bien trgng diem da va dang dugc quy hoach xay dung, nhieu nha dau tu va ngoai nude da dang ky diu tu va dang khao sat lap du an vdi vdn dau tu ldn nlur tuyen du Ijch Phuang Mai Niii Ba khu du Ijch sinh thai bien Hai Giang, khu du ljch Ghenh Rang - Flan Mac Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Toan qud'c ldn th&S-Hd Ngi, 2010 1081 VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM Tir Trong nhirng nam gin day, cimg vdi SIJ gia tang nhanh ciia ddng khdch du ljch quoc tl din Viet Nam va a vimg du ljch Nam Trung bd, khach du Ijch den Binh [)jnli ciintJ gia tang dang kl Giai doan 2001- 2008 lugng khach du Ijch tang binh quan 49,7%/nam (trong dd, Iugt khach du Ijch qudc te tang 59,8%o), luu tru trung binh dat 2,68 ngdy, dd khach qudc tl la 3,25 Thj trudng khdch du Ijeh qudc te vd Viet kieu den Binh Djnh rat da dang va cang gia tang, ddc bid la Vid kieu tii' My, Uc, Canada, Phap, Nhat, Han Qudc, Nga, Y, Singapor Muc dich cua khach du ljch qudc te phan ldn de tham quan, tim hiiu van hda phuang Ddng, phong tijc tap quan, le hdi van hda dac sac, dac biet la nghien ciru vd thuat Binh Djnh va van hda Chammpa Mdt so cuu binh mudn tham lai chien trudng xua, mdt sd doanh nhan mudn tim kiem ea hdi dau tu 3.3 Hoat dong cang bien He thdng cdng bien eiia Binh Dinh tap trung tai Quy Nhon, gdm cdng la Quy Nhon, Thj Nai vd Ddng Da, thuan lgi viec giao luu dudng bien vdi edc tinh vd ngoai nude Trong dd, cang Quy Nhan la Idn nhat vdi 7.500 m" kho, 36.000 m^ bai chi cdch phao Sd khodng bdi ly, ddn tdu tdi trgng van tan cap ben de ddng mgi dieu kien thdi tid Cdng Quy Nhon rat gan vdi dudng hang hai qudc te, khdi lugng hang boa qua cdng tir nam 1995 tang lien tue tang nhanh vdi mirc tang binh quan 21,3%/nam Nam 1995 dat 0,5 trieu tin, nam 2000 da dat 1,65 trieu tin, nam 2005 dat 3,1 trieu tan vd den nam 2009 Id 4,27 trieu tan (trong dd cang Quy Nhan dat 3,47 trieu tan, cdng Thj Nai 0,80 trieu tan) Hien tai, hang hod qua cang chii yeu la clinker, gd, bdt my, phdn bdn, hang ndng sdn, sa khoang Cang Quy Nhan dam nhan viec thdng quan hau hit khdi lugng hang boa xuat nhap khau cho cdc tinh Binh Djnh, Phu Yen, Gia Lai, Kon Tum va cd pham vi hap dan vdi viing Ha Lao va Ddng Bac Campuehia, hien cd quan he vdi tit ca cac cang bien ciia ca nude va quan he hdng hda xudt nhap khiu vdi Hdng Kdng, Han qudc, Philippin, Indonesia, Malaysia, Campuchia,Thai Lan, Singapor, Uc, Nhat ban, Vladivostok (Nga) va mdt so nude chau Phi DINH HU6>JG KHAI THAC, Slf DUNG BEN VU'NG TAI NGUYEN BIEN TINT! BINH DINH Binh Dinh dang gianh dugc sir chu y eiia cae nude khu vuc Cac du an ho trg CNH - HDH, phat triln KT - XH, hd trg ndng nghiep - ndng thdn, thuy lgi, xoa ddi giam ngheo da gdp phin tao dieu kien phat triln ndng nghiep hang hoa d miin Trung vd Tay Nguyen Vdi nhdng tiim nang va thi manh vl tai nguyen biln, dac bid la tai nguyen thiiy san va du ljch; sir quy hgach va ddi cac khu kinh tl, dac bid la khu kinh te Nhon Hdi - mdt dia ban cd sire hip din Idn ddi vdi cac nhd diu tu nude ngoai, thdi gian tdi Binh Djnh ed thi thu hiit lugng vdn diu tu Idn tir FDI va ODA phat triln cdng nghiep, du Ijch, djch vu va nhilu ITnh vuc khac Do vay, cin phai cd dinh hudng khai thdc sir dung cac ngudn tai nguyen biln eiia Binh Djnh tren ea sd Chiln luge phat tnen KT -XH dat nude vd nhirng Igi the, khd khan ciia dja phuong cung nhu cac yeu eau dat eua thuc tien nhim dat dugc hieu qua kinh t l lau dai va bin virng 1082 Hdi nghi Kboa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn tb&S - Ha Ndi, 2010 VIEN » | A LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM H I © l A LY VIET KAJi 4.1 Chien luoc phat triln KT - XH dat nuoc; Loi the va kho khan cua tinh 4.1.1 Chien lucre phdt trien kinh te ddt nw&c Chien luge phdt trien KT - XFl dat nude thdi ky 2001 - 2010 vdi m'uc tieu xay diJng CNH - HDH dat nude va hdi nhap qudc te, tranh tut hau so vdi cac nude khu vuc va the gidi Muc tieu ciia CNH - FIDH d nude ta denmain 2020 la chuyen ddi can ban, loan dien cdc boat ddng san xuat kinh doanh, djch vu va qudn ly kinh te, xa hdi ciia nude ta tir sir diing lao ddng thii cdng la chinh sang sir dung mdt each phd bien sire lao ddng cimg vdi cdng nghe, phuang tien tien lien, hien dai, dua tren phat trien cua cdng nghiep va tien bd khoa hgc - cdng nghe, tao nang suat lao dgng xa hdi cao Trong chien luge phat trien kinh te dat nude, du bao tang trudng kinh te cua Viet Nam thdi ky 2011 - 2020 khoang - 7,5% Ca cau kinh te edc ngdnh tiep tiic chuyin dich theo hudng tang ti trgng cdng nghiep va djch vy, nam 2010 cdng nghiep va xay dung chiem 43 - 44%), djch vu chiem 40 - 41%o, ndng, lam, thuy san giam xudng cdn 15 - 16%) Ti le lao dgng ndng nghiep giam xudng cdn dudi 50% Den nam 2020, ty cdng nghiep va djch vu chiem khoang 90% 4.1.2 Lgi the phdt triin vd kho khdn thach thuc cua tinh * Loi the phat trien Ngoai nhirng tiem luc kinh te ddi ddo va tai nguyen neu tren, budc vao nhirng nam dau the ky XXI, Binb Djnh cd nhu"ng thuan lgi ve phat trien KT - XH - Binh Djnh la tinh nam ve phia Nam ciia viing kinh te trgng diem mien Trung Svr ddi khu kinh te Nhon Hgi va cau Thj Nai - cau vugt t bien dai nhat Viet Nam la mdt nhirng dot pha quan trgng de tang tdc phat trien thdi ky tdi Tuyen du ljch Phucmg Mai - Niii Ba da dugc Trung uong xac dinh la tuyen trgng diem qudc gia - Ben canh do, nang lire san xuat va ket cau tang toan tinh da dugc phat trien nang len mgt budc, ca cau kinh te chuyen djch theo hudng tich cue Vj tri dja ly gan vdi cang bien va hanh lang Ddng Tay dua lai nhiing ca hgi mdi cho sir phat trien dai lau cho Binh Djnh La diu moi phia Ddng hanh lang qudc lo 19 va trung tam tang trudng, phat triln ciia Tam giac phat tridi nude Viet Nam - Lao - Campuehia; ddng thai Binh Djnh cdn la diu mdi giao thuang ve dudng sat, dudng bg, dudng bien, dudng hang khdng theo chilu Bdc - Nam va Ddng - Tay, gan ket chat che cac nganh kinh te bien vdi sir phat triln cua Tay Nguyen, Nam Lao va Ddng Bac Thai Lan - Binh Djnh cd dja hinh, hau, dit trdng da dang, hinh nhieu viing sinh thai ndng nghiep khac nhau, cho phep phat trien mgt nen ndng nghiep sinh thai toan di?n va tdng hgp - Mot S.6 nganh kinh te mdi, cd tiem nang dang dugc bat dau quy hoach va phat triln nhu nganh hda lgc dau, khai thac va che bien khoang san, nang lugng (nhiet dien, phong dien), ddng mdi tau bien da tac ddng thiic day den nhieu nganh kinh te khac - Binh Djnh cd cac trudng dai hgc dao tao da nganh, da ITnh vuc cho khu VIJC, cd cac trucrng cao ding nghe, trudng Trung cap Ndng Lam TW vdi mdt dgi ngu can bd khoa hgc kha ddng cd trinh chuyen mdn kha, dgi ngii cdng nhan cd trinh tay nghe cao; cd Trudng Cao ding Van hda nghe thuat, cd Nha hat tudng Dao Tan Trinh dan tri kha cao, da so ngirdi lao ddng da tiep can vdi nen san xuat hang hda va mot bg phan dan cu cd trinh san xuit hang hda, nang ddng vdi ca che thi trudng Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc lan th&S-Hd Ngi, 2010 1083 VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM - He thong kit ciu tang kinh te va xa hdi da budc dau dugc clau tu phdt triln vd tang cudng nang lire vdi he thdng cang bien, dudng giao thdng, dudng sat dudng hang khdng; mang ludi dien, buu dien va vien thdng qudc te, tao nen cho phcdt trien thdi ky tdi YIU to cdng vdi vj tri dja kinh te, dja chinh trj va sir hinh thdnh mdt sd dja ban cung nhu tuyln lire trgng diem nhu he thdng cac khu cdng nghiep; khu du ljch, khu kinh tl Nhon Hdi, khu du ljch Ghenh Rang - Resort Hoang Anh Gia lai - Quy Hda lao cho Binh Dinh ed sir hip dan ve dau tu, thu hut ngudn vdn va ngudn lire ciia cdc nhd diu tu nude, ngoai nude vao dau tu hgp tdc, lien doanh, kinh doanh tren dja bdn Binh Djnh - LTnh VUC ' vdn hda xa hdi, gido due, y te, kboa hgc cdng nghe va bao ve mdi trudng cd su liln bd phdt trien An ninh qudc phdng tren dja ban duge dam bdo * Khd khdn vd thach thirc - Tdc tang trudng kinh te ciia Binh Djnh nhin chung chua tuong xirng vdi nguon luc \ d tiem nang cua tinh Co' can lao ddng chuyen djch chain, ty trgng lao ddng ndng nghiep eo can lao ddng nen kinh te qudc dan van cdn cao (69%) Thieu lao ddng cd trinh chuyen mdn va nghiep vu gidi - Nam cdch xa hai trung lain kinh te sdi ddng va phdt trien manh nhdt ciia ca nirdc la Tp Hd Chi Minh va Hd Ndi nen Binh Djnh bi ban che nhieu linh vuc phcdt trien, ke cd thdng tin kinh te, thdng tin thj trudng va cdng nghe - Ngudn hrc cho dau tu phdt trien ciia dja phuang cdn ban hep Co eau ddu tu theo ngdnh va vimg lanh thd chua that hgp ly, chua tao ca cau kinh te phii hgp, dan den chat lugng va hieu qua boat ddng ciia nen kinh te thap, sire canh tranh kem 4.2 Djnh hudng khai thac, su dung ben viing tai nguyen bien Binh Dinh 4.2.1 Khai thdc, su' dung tdi nguyen bien - Tang cudng dau tu phat trien nganh thiiy hai san nganh kinh te quan trgng eiia tinh Phdt trien ddng bd cd nudi trdng, khai tbdc, chi biln va djch vu hau can nghe ca, thi^rc hien vd td chirc tdt ddnh bat xa bd cd hieu qua Phat triln tau thuyen cdng suat Idn, tirng budc hien dcai hda trang Ibid bj hdu can nghe ed, eiing ed vd nang cap cac co sd ddng tdu thuyen, hinh thdnh cdc co' sd sdn xuat ngu cu, che bien thuc an nudi tdm cd Xdy dung trung tam nghien cuu khoa hgc ky thuat thuy san dl bao ve va phdt trien ngudn lgi tlui}' san - Ddng mdi vd trang bj ddng bd ddi tau cau ca ngii' dai duong hien dai cd cdng suat 150 - 600 CV nham tang sdn lugng ddnh bit xa bd, ddng thdi diu tu tdu dich vu hdu can vd thu mua xudt khdu thuy sdn tren biln Xay dung cdc dilm thu mua cd ngir dai duong tai cdng cd Quy Nhon, D I Gi va Tam Quan San lugng khai tbdc dn djnh khoang 100.000- 110.000 tan giai doan 2010 - 2020 - Bdo ve mdi trudng bien va mat nude ven bd dl tdi tao vd phdt triln ngudn Igi thuy hdi sdn Dua nudi trdng thiiy san trd thdnh mot nganh kinh te cd gia trj xuit khau ldn chiem 1/4 gid trj gia ldng todn ngdnh thiiy san Dua dien tich nudi tdm vd thuy dac sdn len 3.000 ha, dd dien tich nudi tham canh va ban tham canh chilm 30% Phin ddu san lugng tdm va thuy dac sdn nudi din nam dat 4.500 tin/ nam 2010 va nam 2020 dat 10.000 tan Phat trien nudi eua, ed long va edc loai nhuyin thi ven biln, nudi tdm cang xanh, cd xen ghep vdi trdng liia tren nhirng dien tich chii ddng ngudn nude Da 1084 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn cjud'c ldn th&S-Hd Ndi, 2010 VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VTET NAM dang hod nudi trdng thuy sdn cd nude man, nude Ig vd nu'dc nggt ; ddng thdi chii trgng cdc giai phdp ndng cao hieu qud sdn xudt gdn vdi xu ly d nhiem mdi trirdng - Ndng cao nang lire vd chat lugng che bien thiiy hdi sdn, pbdl huy nghe che bien truyen thdng, da diing hda mat hdng, cdi lien vd ndng cap thiet bi, cdng nghe che bien, tao nhieu sdn pham cbdt lugng eao tham gia thj trudng xuat khdu 4.2.2 Dich vu, du lieh bien * Duong bien - Nao vet ludng lach vd ndng cdng sudt dn dinh cdng Quy Nhan - Ddi vdi Cdng Thi Ncai, ngodi viec hodn thdnh xdy dung cdng qudn su cho idu 5.000 tdn; dau tu hoan thidi can cdng 5.000 tdn da Xcdy dung vd ndng cdp can cdng cii de cdng Thj Ncai deal 0,8 - I trieu TTQ vdo ndm 2010 vd on djnh 1,3 tridi giai doan 2016-2020 - Xdy dung vd hodn thdnh cdng nude sau Nhon Fldi dua vdo sir dung lu ndm 2010, cd khd nang ticp nhdn tdu van tan - iep tue ddu tu xdy dirng ddng bd, nao vet ludng lach, xdy can, ke, ben ddm bdo edc cdng trinh djch vu khac nhu cap nude nggt, nude dd , xang dau, sira cbira tdu thuyen , cdc djch vu ban cdn nghe cd buy ddng tir cdc thdnh phan kinh te Xay dung cdc cdng cd kcH hgp phuc vu van tdi hdng hda tcii Tam Quan, De Gi ed the liep nhiin tdu tu 3.000-5.000 lin - Ddy manh nghien ciru va ung dung cdng nghe tien lien vdo khai thdc, bdo quan, che bien ndng, ldm, tluiy hdi sdn * Du ljch - Phdt Irien du ljch bien, nghi dudng Xdy dung, tdn tao cdc diem du Ijcb tham quan dat lien ciing nhu tren hdi ctdo, ddm, vjnh Cae khu du Ijch (dien tich khodng 1.585 ha) gdm; du ljch sinh thdi ddm, bien, rirng ngap man vd du ljch luii dugc bd tri tiii ddm Thj Niii, mii Phuang Mai - Nhan Ly, Niii Bd - Cdt Fldi - Tdng cudng co' sd vdt chdt, phuong tien van tai, du thuyen dua ddn khdch, da dang hda cdc sdn pham du ljch, gdn cum vdn hda du Ijch vdi cum kinh te ky thuat - Hinh ihdnh khu du ljch cdnh quan Ghenh Rdng - Quy Hda; quy hoach phdt Irien khu du Ijch Phuo'ng Mai - dim Thj Nai Quy hoach tdn tao cdc di tich: van hda Champa, van hda cu dan ven bien, vdn hda Phdt gido, vdn hda Floa kieu vd di tich ljch sir chdng Phdp, chdng My (Nhd Luu niem Chi bd Cuu Lgi, Flodi Nhan, Nha tii Cdch mang dudng Nguyen Van Be, Tp Quy Nhon ) - Diu tu Xcdy dung thdnh phd Quy Nhan trd thdnh trung tdm kinh te, chinh trj, vdn hod, khoa hgc - ky thucdt ciia tinh, ddng thdi Id trung tain du Ijch vd nghi dudng, vdn hod, hdi thdo hdi nghj ciia tinh va cd nude 4.3.3 Quy hogch, phdt trien vung ven bien vd bien Vimg ven bien va bien la viing kinh te ddng lire cua tinh, cd y nghia chien luge ve kinh tl, qudc phdng va an ninh, ed nhieu tiem nang de phdt tridi kinh te cua tinh Vimg Ucdy se cd mirc tang trudng kinh te cao nhdt cd tinh, vay can ddu tu phat trien dn djnh va bin vung de keo theo si,r pludt trien kinh te chung cua ca tinh Ddi mdi ca cau Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn th&o - Ha Ndi, 2010 10S3 \1Eti DIA LY - VIEH KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA L-y VIET NAM kinh tl cua \i!ng theo hudng CNH - HDH , tang nhanh ty trgng cdng nghiep va dich vu CO ciu kinh le Hudng uu lien qu}' hoach phat trien ciia khu vuc Ucdy la: - Hinh vd diu tu phdt trien xdy dung khu kinh te Nhan Fldi trd trgng dilm dot phd phcdt triln KT - XH ciia tinh va ciia vimg mien Trung - Phdt triln kinh tl long hgp bien, xay dung ddng bg, hien dai hda cdc co sd ting nhu giao thdng, kho tang, ben bai, cdng tao nen ddn bay thiie day phat trien kinh tl viing Phdt triln vimg tren ca sd gan ket giua Quy Nhan vdi thj tran Binh Djnh va khu kinh tl tdng hgp Nhon Hdi - Khai thdc sa khoang, ddnh bat thuy hdi san (chu trgng day manh ddnh bat xa bd), nudi trdng thiiy hdi san ven bien theo hudng tham canh; che bien thuy hdi sdn, phdt triln djch vu ngbl ca, djch vu van tai bien, viia phat trien KT - XH, vira dam bao an ninh qudc phdng - Hinh Ihdnh \d lip day cac khu cdng nghiep, khu dan cu vd dd thj mdi.Quy hoach hda dd thj phii hgp vdi dieu kidi thuc le eiia dja phuang, giir gin bdn sac vdn hda vd truyen thdng ddn tdc - Phdt triln djch vu xudt nhap khdu Hinh thdnh trung tam thuong mai - sieu thj vd thdng tin thuong mai Phdt trien mang ludi ehg ndng thdn ngoai thanh, djch vu thdng tin - khoa hgc ky thudk djch vu tai chinh - tin dimg, djch vu cang bien, ngdnh hang khdng, dich vu kho van, ngoai thuong Phdt trien ndng lam ngir nghiep Phdt trien edc ITnh vuc N'dn hda 4.3.4 Duy tri ngudn lgi tdi nguyen bien vd bdo ve moi iru&ng bien - Ndng cao he thdng xay dung lieu chuan ve sinh mdi trudng thiet ke, quy hoach dd thj, khu eiim cdng nghiep, du Ijch vd nbd d Giam den miic thap nhat tdc ddng ciia qud trinh phdt trien vd dd thj hda tdi mdi trudng - Sd' dung va kiem soat d nhiem ddi vdi mot sd tai nguyen thien nhien anh hudng den vimg bien, sir dung ed hieu qua va ben vung tai nguyen dat; bdo ve mdi trudng nude vd su dung ben vfrng tdi nguyen nude, tai nguyen bien; bdo ve va phdt trien rirng phdng hd dau ngudn vd ven bien vdi cac giai phap va chinh sach bu'u hieu cii the - Quan ly quy trinh vd hieu qua khai thdc sa khoang ti tan, ngudn cdt d cira sdng va Ccdt bien, dam bao giir nguyen hien trang va mdi trudng sinh thai sau khai thdc - Qudn \y mdi trudng cdc nganh sdn xuat va djch vu viing bien (du ljch, che bien thiiy hdi sdn, giao thdng van tai thiiy ven bd ) nhdm ngan chdn vd gidi quyet kjp thdi cac van de ve d nhiem bien hoac sir co mdi trudng biln - Tang cudng he thdng cay xanh viing ven biln, dae biet Id he thdng cdng vien cd}' xanh d khu dd thj mdi Nhon Hgi (khoang 140 ha); cay xanh sinh thai tai khu vuc quanh dam Thi Nai cd chirc nang each ly giua khu cdng nghiep vdi khu sinh thdi dam Thj Nai vd khu dan cu dd thj (khoang 175 ha); cay xanh cho Nhon Ly - Qu} hoach bao ve cdc bai ran san hd Theo cdng ii'dc Ramsar (1971) thi ran san hd la mdl 30 loai hinh dat ngap nude ty nhien, la nguon tai nguydi quan trgng can dugc bdo ve Ran san hd ven biln Binh Dinh ed vai trd quan trgng chdng khde gi rimg d tren can Id noi cu tni ciia edc lodi sinh vat cd gia trj nhu; ca mil, bdo ngu, tdm hiim Ndi ddy cirng cua ran san hd cd chirc ndng chong xdi Id bd biln Ve dep, sdc mdu rue ^°^^ Hdi nghi KJioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&5 - Ha Ndi, 2010 VIEN D | A LY • VXEN KHOCN VIET NAM KO'i DIA LY VIET NAM rd dd khien clio ran san hd trd thdnh mdt ngudn Igi phvie vu cho gidi tri, du ljch va nghien ciru khoa hgc Theo cdc lieu chudn xd chgn khu bdo tdn bien eiia lUCN |10|, ihi khu vuc Cii Lao Xanh - Fldn Dat - Fldn Khd ciing ed the de xudl thdnh lap khu bdo ton bien he thdng bdo tdn bien Viet Nam Nhung djnh hudng tren se trd hien thuc chiuig ta thuc hieu duoc mot each ddng bg va cd hieu qua edc giai phdp ve tang cudng hieu lire dieu hdnh, qudn ly kinh te, xa hdi nhu; Gidi phap ve cdng tdc quy hoach gidi phdp ve ca che, chinh sdch, gidi phdp ve thj trudng, gidi phdp ve phdt triln nguon nhan lire va gidi pkdp ve dau tu TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O Nguyen Tdc An vd nnk, Qudn ly long hgp d&i ven ba bien linh Binh Dinh Thcich thiic, lai the vd gidi phdp, Bao cdo tkain luan Flgi nghj khoa hgc va cdng nghe cdc tinh Nam '1 rung Bd vd Tay Nguyen Idn VII, Quy Nhon, 2003 Chi ci-ic Thdng ke Binh Djnh, Nien gidm ihdng ke cdc ndm: 1995 1999, 2000, 2005, 2008 Trdn Thj Thu Ha, Didu tra khdo sal vd nghien ctin phuc hoi he sinh thdi, sir clung hap ly vd bdo ton nguon Igi vung Cdn Chim - Ddm Thi Ngi linh Binh Dinh, Sd Thiiy sdn Binh Djnh, 2005 Trjnh The Hieu vd nnk, Ddc Irung dieu kien lu nhien vd mdi Irudng vinh Quy Nhan, tinh Binh Dinh, Bdo cdo tham ludn Fldi nghj khoa hgc vd cdng nghe cdc tinh Nam Trung Bd vd Tay Nguyen Idn VII, Quy Nhon, 2003 Chu Viet Ludn clui bien, Binh Dinh the vd luc mai Irong thd ky XXI, NXB Chinh trj Qudc gia, Hd Ndi, 2005 Sd Thiiy sdn Binh Djnh, Bdo cdo Tdng ket ngdnh ihiiy sdn ccic ndm: 2003, 2005, 2007 2008, 2009 Phan Thj Le Tbiiy, Xdc Icjp ca sd khoa hgc cho phdt trien du Itch sinh thai khu vuc thdnh phd Quy Nhon Ludn van ThS Dia ly, Trudng Dai hgc KHTN DHQG HdNdi, HdNdi nam 2008 Uy ban Nhan dcdn tinh Binh Djnh Qiiy hogch tdng Ihe phdi Irien kinh Id xd hdi tinh den ndm 2010 vd ldm nhin den ndm 2020 Graeme Kelleher, Richard Kenchington, Huang ddn xdy dung cdc khu beta ve bien, Cue Mdi trudng djch va xudt ban Ha Ngi, nam 1991 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc lan th&5- Ha Ndi, 2010 1087 ... lugng khai thdc hang nam cd khd ndng dal 25.000 - 30.000 tin Rieng tdm cd tru lugng Idn (1.000 - 1.500 tan/ndin) vd khd nang khai thdc 300 - 500 tin/ndm; nnre 1.000 - 1.500 tin/nam, khd ndng khai. .. kinh khoang 30 - 40 km, vi vay viec ddu tu de khai ihdc, phdt trien tuang ddi thudn lgi HOAT DONG KHAI THAC TAI NGUYEN BIEN TINH BINH DINH 3.1 Hoat ddng khai thac, nuoi trdng va che bien thiiy hai... nam Hdng nam, cd khoang 55 - 60% so tau thuyin cdng suit >20 CV boat ddng khai Ihdc d cdc ngu ku''dng ngodi tinh Gid kj khai thdc hdi sdn thdi ky 1996 - 2005 tang binh quan gan 9%''nam (theo gia