Hpi nghi khoa hoc ki thuat mo qudc te 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tiin vi su phdt trien ben vung L U T J G I T j C A N H Q U A N V A N H U N G T H A Y D O I L I E N Q U A N D E N K H A I T H A C M O TS J[.]
Hpi Cong nghi khoa nghiep hoc md tien ki thuat tiin mo qudc vi su phdt te - trien 2010 ben vung LUTJ G I T j C A N H Q U A N V A N H U N G T H A Y D O I LIEN QUAN DEN K H A I T H A C M O TS Jan Skalos, TS Miroslav Martis D a i hoc K h o a hoc D o i song, Praha C o n g hoa Sec Tdm tdt: Trong tinh than cua Cong uoc Canh quan chau Au,co the thdy mot dang canh quan cua vung nong thon nhu la mot "binh thuang" Ngay cd canh quan duoc ddc trimg boi su thu hut toi thieu cua van hod hay tu nhien , gid tri van hoa vd lich sir khong the phu nhan moi quan he lau ddi giira canh quan vd nguoi Mot each de xac dinh vd dinh luong cdc gid tri cua cdc loai canh quan la cdu true bdo ton vdt ly cua canh quan Cdc yeu to cua cdc cdu true luu tru vdt ly, canh quan thien nhien vd cdc yeu to van hod cua canh quan, dia diem vd phuong phap sir dung vdn tuong doi theo thoi gian Dinh nghia cua cdu true luu giir vdt ly canh quan duac tien hanh Pardubice khu vuc Sticany (159 ha), nam sdu canh quan vdn hoa canh tdc cua vimg Viec xac dinh duoc dua tren gidi thich cua cdc bdn dia chinh vd dnh hang khong cdc phdn be mat, duong va cdc diem cua cdu true canh quan vai su bien doi toi thieu cua chung giai doan 1839-2002 Phdn lan nhat cua cdc cdu true ddng chu y la canh quan duoc hinh tir ddt nong nghiep (76.1% dien tich ddt nam 1839 vdn Id ddt nong nghiep nam, 2002), khang dinh rang uu tien sao, loai canh quan la mot loai ddt canh tdc hoat dpng nong nghiep ddi han Mot ty le Ion cua canh quan nguyen goc duac hinh boi cdc khu vuc moi xdy dung vd truyen thong (43,3%) On dinh kem nhat Id dong co vinh vien (chi 9,7% dien tich cua dong cd vdn giai doan 1839-2002), co nghia la loai co thay doi Ion Chi co 16.1% dien tich cdc cdu true canh quan duoc giir lai thai gian sir dung tuong tu Hon mot nira dien tich (60,6%) vdn duac sir dung giai doan 1839-2002 Viec sir dung dien tich cua 39,4% cua be mat canh quan dd thay doi Gdn hai phdn nam dien tich cua ddt da mdt hon 160 nam "lich sir cua no" Cong trinh nghien ciru trinh bay vd luong hoa tdc dpng ciia hoat dpng khai thdc mo tai canh quan Gioi thieu Bdo ton canh quan la mot khdi niem de xac dinh ve gid tri "Nguyen gdc " canh quan Cac nguyen tac de xuat de xac dinh cau true canh quan co the la mot quy trinh phii hop de xac d i n h v a d i n h l u o n g cac gia t r i "nguyen goc" canh quan v a n hoa khoa hoc cua Cong uoc Canh quan chau A u , Weber va G r o u p ( 0 ) , d u o c k y b o i C o n g hoa Sec vao nam 2002, Quoc h o i phe duyet va co h i e u l u c tir ngay 01 thang 10 n a m 2004 Tai Dieu - "Pham vi" duoc viet rang "theo quy dinh tai Dieu 15 Cong uoc doi tuong se duoc ap d u n g cho toan k h u v u c ciia cac B e n va phai bao g o m v i i n g dien t i c h t u nhien, nong t h o n , t h i va k h u v u c ngoai t h i Pham v i bao g o m cac be mat mat luc dia, n o i dja va cac k h u virc b i e n M o t mat, p h a m v i lien quan t o i canh quan v a n c o n t o n tai mat khac cung co the la n h u n g cai nguyen goc da b i x o i m o n Cac nuoc t h a m gia C o n g u o c phai t i l p tuc t h u thap va phan t i c h cac d u l i e u v l canh quan (loai h i n h hoc, thay d o i bao g o m ca nguyen nhan, dac d i i m ) v a viec nang cao y thuc bao t o n cac gia t r i canh quan 109 Hdi Cong nghi khoa nghiep Dinh nghTa cdc khdi hoc md tien ki thudt tien md qudc vi sic phdt ti trien hen 2010 vung niem Cac tir dien cua N g o n n g u V a n hoc Sec d i n h nghTa "the m e m o r y " ( n h o ) la k h a nang "de g i u m e n h lenh va g o i l a i chung" ( A n o n y m u s , 1994) Sadlo ( 9 ) M a t khac co the n o i "the landscape memory la k h a nang "tai sinh t i n h trang cu" T u " r e m e m b e r " c h i n h no bao g o m m o t tien to "re" co nghTa la lap d i lap lai ciia m o t hanh d o n g , m o t cai g i cho phep xay lan nua va m o t l a n n u a va "remembrance "do la t u d u y ( M a c h e k , 1971) Sklenicka (2003) d i n h nghTa l u u g i u canh quan (landscape m e m o r y ) n h u k h a nang giir l a i m o t so thuoc t i n h canh quan, m a c o n la kha nang tai sinh n h i r n g thuoc t i n h " Tac gia de cap den su t o n tai bao ton canh quan k h o n g n h u n g t r o n g t r u d n g h o p canh quan t u nhien, m a c o n canh quan v d h i n h Bao t o n n h i r n g k y luc Genius l o c i la hau qua cua cac canh quan l u u g i u N h u n g "cai g o i la mat liru giir canh quan" t r d k l i a i n i e m chii de gan day Cac c o sd cau true canh quan l u u g i u - h i m h i n h duoc h i n h va t o n tai vTnh vien T r o n g l m h v u c n g h i e n c u u chiing la n h u n g phan canh quan t h i e n n h i e n va van hda, duoc dac t r u n g b d i m o t t i n h bat bien t u o n g d d i ciia qua t r i n h d i a p h u o n g hoa va p h u o n g thiic sir d u n g d i i n g luc Cdc muc tieu cua chuang trinh nghien ciru M u c t i e u ciia c h u o n g t r i n h la nhan dang va xac d i n h k h o n g g i a n ciia cac yeu td ciia mot cau true l u u giir h u u h i n h ciia m d t k h u dia c h i n h Sticany l a m can c i i cho viec xac dinh va d i n h l u o n g cac gia t r i ciia canh quan van hda "nguyen gdc" Can phai cd cac hoat dong tiep theo - dd la l d i k e u g o i den t u o n g l a i - mat khac can danh g i a h i e n trang cac y e u td cua canh quan, d i n h nghTa m u c t i e u ciia chiing va cac p h u a n g phap quan l y v a giao due pham v i bao ve va c h a m sdc cho canh quan v a n hda l i c h sir, m d t p h a n d i san van hda ciia chiing ta N g o a i bao ve n h u n g yeu t d t r o n g p h a m v i t u n h i e n va quy t r i n h bao ve canh quan la quan t r o n g , cho m d t phan canh quan da h i n h m o t he s i n h thai d n dinh hon, tao nen hang loat chiic nang khac ( s i n h thai, t h a m m y , cai t h i e n va n h u n g chiic nang khac ( K o l a r i k va G r o u p , 2003) Cac p h u o n g p h a p Khdo sat khu vuc Xac d i n h cac y e u t d ciia cau true l u u giir canh quan h u u h i n h da d u o c thuc h i e n k h u o n k h d ciia k h u d i a c h i n h Sticany (159 ha) n h u cho thay tren h i n h K h u dia c h i n h the hien m d t each thoa dang viec xac d i n h m o t v i i n g lanh t h d , b d i v i nd la m d t lanh thd l i c h sir co t i n h lien tuc ciia m o t c o cau hanh c h i n h nha nude l i e n quan d i n cac loai d u l i e u (hinh anh, so l i e u t h o n g ke, v a n ban, v v ) K h u dia c h i n h Sticany d u o c goi la m d t canh quan v a n hda cd, cd d i l u k i e n t u nhien p h i i h o p ( L i p s k y 1998) ke tir thdi da (Rocek 1923) M a c d i i t i n h d o n d i e u ciia mot canh quan n h u n g da cd sir xuat hien cac loai khac (dat canh tac c h i l m u u t h i ) , cac yeu td canh quan khac d u o c dai dien m d t each han c h i ( v l d u , cac bai c d t h u d n g x u y e n , cac v i i n g nude, ben n g o a i dien t i c h m a u xanh ciia r u n g , v v ) Die lieu duac sic dung De dat d u o c m u c tieu ciia d u an m d t phan ban dd D a n g k y D a t dai cd d i n h tir nam 1839 ty le 1:2880 da d u o c sir dung Luat D a n g k y Ddt ciai co d i n h d u g c xuat ban giua 110 Hdi Cong nghi khoa nghiep hoc md tien kT thudt tien md quoc vi su phdt te - trien ben 2010 vung nhung n a m 1825 - 1843 dac biet cho muc d i c h danh thue dat tran tren k h u virc Cisleithan (phi'a n u a c A o ben cua song Leitha) mot phan cua Quan chii Habsburg N o co l u g n g t h o n g t i n I o n , de lam tai lieu l i c h sir M o t loai tai lieu la anh hang k h o n g tir n a m 1937, 1950, 1966, 1983, 1992 va 2002 A n h hang khong la cac d u l i e u p h i i h g p nhat cho giai doan 40-60 n a m t r u a c , cho phep nghien c u u m o t each c h i tiet ve su phat trien cau true canh quan sau n a m 1936 (Lipsky 2000) Phuang phap Cdu true luu giu canh Cac yeu to ludn cua Khdo sat quan cau true luu giu phuang canh quan the hien cac phan canh quan van hoa va t u nhien, ma su khoanh v i i n g va each thirc sir dung t r i o n dinh t u a n g d o i theo t h a i gian N o k h o n g phai la su on d i n h v i n h c u u ciia cac m o i quan he sinh thai n h u t r o n g t r u a n g h g p cdc khai n i e m ve su on d i n h sinh thai ( M i c h a l , 1994), m a la su on d i n h ciia cac dac t i n h cau true (su khoanh v i i n g , dien t i c h be mat) va p h u a n g thuc sir dung B e xac d i n h su o n d i n h ciia cac phan cau true l u u g i u cac tieu chuan sau dugc ap dung: a) t i e u chuan o n d i n h ciia cac dac t i n h cau true t r o n g t h a i gian va b) tieu c h i ve each sir dung X a c d i n h cac y e u to canh quan dugc thuc hien tren c a sa ciia viec giai thich ban D a n g k y dat dai co d i n h va anh hang k h o n g (Ihse n a m 1995; Sklenicka, 2002; Skalos, 2006) cac y e u to n h u k h o n g gian va tuyen t i n h ciia cac cau true canh quan v a i bien doi khoanh v i i n g t o i t h i e u v a each sir dung t r o n g qua t r i n h cua m o t t h a i k y l i c h sir dang dugc x e m xet, 1839-2002 D e hoan cac t h o n g t i n , h i n h anh l i c h sir v a b u u thiep cung co the d u g c sir d u n g (Skalos va Engstova, 2010; T r p a k va Pecharova va n.n.k , 2006; Trpak va T r p a k o v a v a n.n.k., 2009) D e xac d i n h cac yeu to l u u g i u canh quan cac cong cu GIS co the d u g c sir d u n g m o t each hieu qua, cac cong c u phan t i c h cu the (chuc nang giao h o i t r o n g p h a m v i ciia qua t r i n h x i r l y dia l y ) N h a co chuc nang c h u a n g t r i n h A r c V i e w 3.2 cho phep lira chgn n h u n g h i n h da giac d a m bao co d i n h t r o n g t h a i gian x e m xet tir n a m 1839 den 2002 K e t qua ciia qua t r i n h la viec tao m o t l o p da giac doc lap, ma d o i v a i cdc d i e u k i e n viec thiet lap d u g c d i n h nghTa t r u a c day, h i e n t h i phan canh quan bat d i c h co d i n h , tao m o t cau true l u u g i u canh quan hiru h i n h Dinh luong cdu true Luu giu canh quan Cac cong cu G I S cho phep d i n h l u g n g su thay d o i ciia m o t phan cau true l u u g i u hiru h i n h dai dien v a i viec dp dung m o t so p h u o n g phap danh gia Sau k h i viec xac dinh cac phan r i e n g le cua l u u g i u canh quan tren c o so ciia p h u a n g phap hgc dh cap a tren, d i e n t i c h ciia chiing da d u g c xac d i n h v a sau la cac dac t i n h n h u sau: • D a i dien t o n g cong cac yeu to l u u g i u canh quan d u g c so sanh v a i d i e n t i c h v i i n g dia c h i n h bang d a n v i hecta; 111 Hpi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thudt tien md qudc vi su phdt ti trien - 2010 ben virng * D a i dien t o n g c o n g cac y e u to l u u g i u canh quan dugc so sanh v a i d i e n t i c h v u n g dia c h i n h bang d o n v i phan t r a m ( % ) ; • D a i dien cua cac phan l u u g i u canh quan r i e n g le d u g c so sanh v a i dien tich v i i n g dia c h i n h bang d a n v i hecta; • D a i dien ciia cac phan l u u g i u canh quan r i e n g le d u g c so sanh v a i dien tich v i i n g dia c h i n h bang d o n v i phan t r a m ( % ) Sw ding flat 1937- 2002 12.D irj.Q • Trf>g cog oso tfcl oStg igkift* 3D 60 - Dtfl 5;* m T, ttlCK ID 2D 00 tsar 1960 1S6« Him a»2 ISM / / / « / / Viec ddt dai thay ddi tren ca sa cdc biic dnh hdng tir du lieu nam 1937 vd 2002 khong B a n g danh gia p h u a n g phap co the xac d i n h v a p h a n l o a i n h i r n g y e u to sir dung dat, tac dong I o n nhat vao su h i n h cau t n i c l u u g i u canh quan v a co dac t i n h co dinh t u o n g d o i T r e n c o sd t h d n g t i n ca ban viec danh gia su thay d d i l d n tren m d t viing nhat d i n h cd the d u g c thuc h i e n M g t mat nhirng y e u t d dd hau het d n d i n h v a t i n cay doi v d i n h u n g thay d d i t d i thieu n h d ap l u c t u o n g d d i n h d tren m d t phan ciia viec sir dung antropogen cd the d u g c xac d i n h M a t khac c h i i n g t d i cd the xac d i n h n h u n g phan canh quan d d , d d n g c o ciia thay d d i va ap l u c antropogen t u o n g d d i l d n T r o n g pham v i thao luan nay, viec phan t i c h t r o n g bai viet cd the da d u g c t h u c h i e n v a dang cd gang t i m tai cd m o i quan t a m ciia c o n n g u d i n h d n h u the t r o n g cac p h a n ciia canh quan Cac k e t q u a v a t h a o l u a n H i n h 3-6 dua t h d n g t i n ve m d t dai dien tuyet d d i v a phan t r a m phan canh quan H i n h 3, d u a m d t cudc d i e u tra ve n h u n g thay d d i t y le cac phan l u u g i u canh quan r i e n g le, cac y e u t d ciia cau t n i c canh quan dai d i e n v a t d n g d i e n t i c h tat ca dat sir dung tao nen sir l u u g i u canh quan t r o n g bang d o n v i hecta, t r o n g c d m d t so sanh tuyet d d i v d i d i e n t i c h sir d u n g dat c i i n g loai vao n a m 1839 T r o n g h i n h 5, n h i e u d u lieu thich h g p cd the d u g c n h i n thay C h i i n g c h i n h u n g phan d d n g gdp ciia cac phan rieng le sir dung dat ( l u u g i u canh quan), cac phan cau t n i c canh quan t h u o n g true va tong dien t i c h tat ca cac l o a i sir dung dat, h i n h nen l u u giir canh quan t r o n g k h u vuc ciia ciing m o t loai dat sir d u n g vao n a m 1839 va each cam nhan d u g c m u c d n d i n h va t r i phan cau t n i c l u u g i u canh quan H i n h cung cho phep de danh gia 112 Hpi Cong nghi khoa nghiep hoc md tien ki thudt tiin md quoc vi su phdt te - trien ben 2010 viing phan l u u g i u canh quan r i e n g le lan M a c d u h i n h cho thay rang ben ngoai r u n g cay xanh co phan d o n g gop I o n nhat t r o n g viec tao l u u g i u canh quan, t u y n h i e n d o i v a i m o t thuc te la cac ban t r o n g D a n g k y D a t dai O n d i n h k h o n g chua t h o n g t i n ve m o t phan dong gop dang ke cua m a u x a n h la cay phan tan v i d u c h i - t h a m thuc vat doc theo song N o v o h r a d s k y - da d u g c d u y t r i den m u c r o n g I o n cung t r o n g n a m 0 , ket qua c o n dang tranh cai 200.00 156.87 J50.00 ro memory features 1839-2002 loo.oo •4—* A r e a of landscape 50.00 36.73 5.92 A r e a in 1839 0.00 Eodogical features Kieu tinh nang Hinh Ty le cua cdc tinh nang luu giir canh quan so voi nam 1839 140.00 120.00 _ 100.00 'ro* f - 80.00 u 60.00 Cac loai sir dung dat rea of landscape memory eatures 1839-2002 40.00 20.00 0.00 rea in 1839 J 5P 4> Fig Ty le cdc ddc luu giir canh quan 113 1839 Hoi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thudt tien md qudc vi su phdt ti trien - 2010 ben vung Fig P r o p o r t i o n a l c h a n g e s of l a n d s c a p e m e m o r y s t r u c t u r a l features between to cn co oo O "•E O Q2 Q_ 1839-2002 00.0 80.0 m Q) 20.0 CO 0.0 Q F o " 123 Non- Arable and other forest land areas wood Built-up Roads Gardens Grassland species Land use type F i g P r o p o r t i o n a l c h a n g e s o f l a n d s c a p e m e m o r y s t r u c t u r a l features between 1839-2002 80.0 S 60.0 c o 40.0 60.6 •2 i £ s o | CL O 20.0 0.0 Ecological features All land use types Land use type T r o n g k i e u su d u n g dat nay, su g i a m bot cua dien t i c h be mat dat cua m o t phan dang ke cac m a u xanh la cay rai rac t r o n g canh quan k h o n g d u g c g h i l a i H o n nua, ro rang la dat nong nghiep co phan d o n g gop I o n t h i i hai t r o n g viec tao cac cau true canh quan ( , % dien t i c h dat canh tac tir n a m 1839 v a n c o n canh tac den n a m 0 ) N g o a i cac k h u vuc dugc xay d u n g m a i v a cac t u y e n d u o n g co m o t phan d o n g gop I o n t r o n g bo n h o canh quan D o i lap v o i do, cac bai co co d i n h co dac t i n h o n d i n h it nhat ( c h i 9,7% t h a m co van 6n d i n h t r o n g t h o i k y 1839-2002) H i n h cho thdy c h i co 16,1%) cac cau true canh quan t h u o n g true giir l a i d i e n t i c h ciia no t r o n g sudt t h d i gian x e m xet N o cung m i n h hga rang tong so danh gia ciia m o t v i i n g lanh t h d , t o n g dien t i c h ciia tat ca cac cau true l u u g i u 114 Hpi nghi Cong nghiep r f khoa hoc kT thuat md quoc te - 2010 md tien tiin vi su phdt trien ben viing canh quan c h i l m , % lanh t h d , n o i each khac, viec sir d u n g 60,6%> l a n h tho v a n giir sudt toan bo g i a i doan T r o n g p h a m v i d i e u c h i n h p h u a n g phap ciia cong tac n g h i e n c u u la can thiet de l u u y rang d i n h l u g n g cac thay d o i cua l u u g i u canh quan c h i d u g c danh gia t r o n g giai doan 1839-2002, va d o i v a i ket qua dugc danh gia day d u h o n se p h a i d u g c thuc h i e n cho ca hai giai doan cu h o n , v i d u , v a i viec sir d u n g cac ban ciia d a n v i trac dia quan d o i so tir cuoi the k y 18 ( t h o n g t i n t h a m khao ve dia l y v a viec x i r l y tiep theo t r o n g G I S la can thiet truy t i m v a phan t i c h cac l d p t h a m chieu ca nhan khac), bao g d m thuc h i e n khao sat sir dung dat hien hanh ( n a m 2006) va phan t i c h ciia l d p dat T r o n g p h a m v i ciia m d t cudc thao luan ve ket qua ciia cdng viec nay, c h i i n g ta phai nhan m a n h rang s u d n d i n h ciia cac phan sir d u n g dat da dugc xac d i n h - n h u n g l u u g i u canh quan t r o n g s u sang t d ciia thdi gian t h u d n g x u y e n v a k h o n g cd su sang t d ciia d n d i n h sinh t h a i D o d d , cac ket qua dd c h i cung cap t h d n g t i n , viec sir d u n g va khoanh v i m g k h o n g gian, t r o n g dd cac bd phan ciia canh quan v a n n h u t r o n g t h a i k y 1839-2002 T u y n h i e n , n h u n g d u l i e u k h o n g dua bat cir t h d n g t i n ve chat l u g n g sinh thai va su d n d i n h ciia cac b d phan nhat d i n h cua canh quan, m a cd the la m d t c h i i de cho cac giai phap ciia m d t c d n g t r i n h khac Ket luan K e t luan ciia cdng t r i n h cd the dugc t d m tat n h u sau: • L u u g i u canh quan cd the c o i la m d t k h a i n i e m t h i c h h o p de d i e n ta viec khao sat v a d i n h l u g n g cac gia t r i ciia m d t canh quan v a n hda "nguyen gdc", t h u d n g dac t r u n g b d i m d t dai dien t d i t h i e u ciia cac d i e m t h a m quan t u nhien hay v a n hoa; • V d i t r g g i u p ciia cdng cu G I S , viec xac d i n h v a d i n h l u g n g cac thay d d i ciia dai dien phan cau t n i c l u u g i u canh quan cd the dugc nhan t h i i c m d t each p h i i h g p ; • Cac d i e n t i c h ben n g o a i r u n g cay xanh cd phan ddng gdp cao nhat t r o n g viec tao l u u g i u canh quan theo dir l i e u dugc thiet lap T u y nhien, thuc te la cac ban cua D a n g k y Dat dai O n d i n h k h o n g chiia cac thdng t i n ve m d t phan d d n g gdp dang ke ciia m a u xanh la cay rai rac t r o n g m d t canh quan (nhirng cay d a n le t r o n g m o t canh quan, v v ) va cac yeu td nhat d u g c g h i nhan ciia t h a m thuc vat v e n b d sudi ( da d u g c d u y t r i m g t m i i c dd l d n nam 2002) dan den canh quan ben ngoai cac k h u rirng x a n h dang cdnla m o t v a n de tranh cai; • T u y n h i e n , dir l i e u l i e n quan la nhirng t h d n g t i n ve dat canh tac cd phan ddng gdp l d n t h i i hai t r o n g viec tao l u u g i u canh quan ( , % dien t i c h dat canh tac tir n a m 1839 van la dat canh tac den n a m 0 ) , t r o n g dd xac nhan rang viec sir d u n g loai canh quan la hoat d d n g n o n g nghiep dai han v d i loai dat canh tac tren be mat cua dat; • N g o a i cac k h u v u c xay d u n g m d i v a cac t u y e n d u d n g cd m o t phan ddng gdp cao l u u g i u canh quan ( , % ) ; • N g u g c l a i , cac t h a m cd cd d i n h cd cac dac t i n h d n d i n h theo t h a i gian la i t nhat ( c h i co 9.7%> m a i n cd v a n c o n t o n tai t r o n g giai doan 1839-2002), cd nghTa la t r o n g p h a m v i the loai su d i c h c h u y e n cua c h i i n g la l d n nhat; • C h i t r o n g k h o a n g m d t phan n a m (16,1%>) d i e n t i c h cau t n i c canh quan t h u d n g true k h o n g cd xay thay d d i ; • V i e c sir d u n g h o n m d t nira dien t i c h cua v i i n g (60,6%o) d u g c d u y t r i t r o n g sudt ca t h a i k y d u g c x e m xet, cd nghTa la cac dac t i n h ciia viec sir d u n g , % d i e n t i c h ciia tdt ca cac phan canh quan da thay d d i ; 115 Hpi Cong nghi khoa nghiep md hoc tien kT thudt tien mo qudc vi su phdt ti triin - 2010 bin vung • Tren ca sa cac t h o n g t i n co the n o i rang gan n h u / d i e n t i c h cua v u n g da mat " l u u g i u cua chung" t r o n g qua t r i n h h o n 160 n a m (tdt ca cac k h u v y c m a u trang tren h i n h va a) - f ) t r o n g k h u v u c c h i e m , % ) ; • T r o n g p h a m v i cac v u n g sang b i e u hien su mat d i cua l u u g i u canh quan, v i m g trang I o n h o n a phan d u o i cirng, A n h N o k h o n g phai la k h o n g co su q u a n t a m t r o n g t h a i gian tir nam 1909 - cho den n h u n g nam '90 cua the k y X X cac mat b a n g nha m a y san xuat gach n a m a do, l a m anh h u o n g dang ke, dac biet k h a i thac n g u y e n l i e u D o do, cong trinh t r o n g cac h i n h thuc d i n h l u o n g cac dai d i e n cua cac l u u g i u canh quan c h i m g m i n h anh h u o n g ciia cac hoat dong khai thac t r o n g viec mat d i cac l u u g i u canh quan./ Tdi lieu tham khao A n o n y m u s (1994): S l o v n i k spisovne cestiny, A c a d e m i a , Praha Ihse, M (1995): Swedish agricultural landscapes- patterns and changes d u r i n g the last 50 years, studied b y aerial photos i n Landscape and U r b a n P l a n n i n g v o l 41 no 1-3 K o l a f i k J a k o l (2003): Pece o d f e v i n y rostouci m i m o les Cesky Svaz Ochrancu Pfirody, V l a s i m Lipsky, Z (1998): Krajinna ekologie pro studenty geografickych oboru.Karolinum, Praha L i p s k y , Z (2000): Sledovani z m e n v k u l t u r n i k r a j i n e , U s t a v aplikovane ekologie C Z U , Kostelec nad C e r n y m i lesy Machek, V (1971): E t y m o l o g i c k y s l o v n i k j a z y k a ceskeho, A c a d e m i a Praha M i c h a l , I (1994): E k o l o g i c k a stabilita, V e r o n i k a , B r n o Rocek, J (1926): E)qmymestaHrocrK3vaTynce.NaklademO Tynci Sadlo, J (1991): K r a j i n a j a k o interpretovany text Skalos, J., Engstova, B (2010): M e t h o d o l o g y f o r m a p p i n g non-forest w o o d elements using historic cadastral maps and aerial photographs as a basis f o r management Journal o f Environmental M a n a g e m e n t 91 (2010) - Skalos, J (2006): Patterns and changes o f intensively u t i l i s e d a g r i c u l t u r a l landscape i n the Czech Republic between 1937 and 2002, aerial p h o t o g r a p h y analysis E k o l o g i a (Bratislava), V o l , Suppl 3, p 232-248 Sklenicka, P., 2002: T e m p o r a l changes i n pattern landscape o f one agricultural bohemian d u r i n g the p e r i o d 1938 - 1998 E k o l o g i a ( B r a t i s l a v a ) , , - Sklenicka, P (2003): Z a k l a d y k r a j i n n e h o p l a n o v a n i , N a d e z d a S k l e n i c k o v a , Praha Trpakova, I , T r p a k , P., Sklenicka, P., Skalos, J., Engstova, B ( 0 ) : Historicka k r a j i n a Sokolovska v zrcadle map stabilniho katastru - rekonstrukce historickeho v y u z i t i k r a j i n y Lesnicka prace, Kostelec nad C e r n y m i lesy, 288 str., I S B N 978-80-87154-89-2 Trpak, P., Pecharova, E., Trpakova, I , Hais, M , Sykorova, Z., Bodlak, L , Skalos, J (2006): Stable Cadastre maps as a basis for identification o f historical ecological stability elements for restoration o f ecological stability o f landscape Ekologia (Bratislava), V o l , Suppl.3 Weber, M a k o l (2002): Z a j i s t e n i realizace Evropske cinnosti M Z P l i m l u v y o k r a j i n e v dalsi V y s t u p p r o j e k t u V a V 640/6/02 Z a j i s t e n i realizace Evropske l i m l u v y o k r a j i n e v dalsi cinnosti M Z P za r o k 2002 V I J K O Z Pruhonice, C Z U P r a h a - U A E Kostelec nad C e r n y m i lesy, L o w a spol B r n o Deponovano: k n i h o v n a V U K O Z Pruhonice 116 ... ton canh quan k h o n g n h u n g t r o n g t r u d n g h o p canh quan t u nhien, m a c o n canh quan v d h i n h Bao t o n n h i r n g k y luc Genius l o c i la hau qua cua cac canh quan l u... trien cau true canh quan sau n a m 1936 (Lipsky 2000) Phuang phap Cdu true luu giu canh Cac yeu to ludn cua Khdo sat quan cau true luu giu phuang canh quan the hien cac phan canh quan van hoa va... phan canh quan bat d i c h co d i n h , tao m o t cau true l u u g i u canh quan hiru h i n h Dinh luong cdu true Luu giu canh quan Cac cong cu G I S cho phep d i n h l u g n g su thay d o i