Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Hdi nghi khoa hoc kT thuat md quoc xe zuiu Cdng nghiep md tien tien vi su phat triin bin viing T O N G Q U A N N H L T N G V A N D E V E D I A K T T H U A T D O I V C T I C A C D U A N K H A I T H A C[.]
Hdi Cdng nghi khoa nghiep md hoc tien kT thuat tien md quoc vi su phat triin xe - zuiu bin viing T O N G Q U A N N H L T N G V A N D E V E D I A K T T H U A T D O I VCTI CAC D U A N K H A I T H A C M O L O T H I E N V A H A M L O Johann Van Wijk Cong ty T u van A M C , Australia Tdm tat: Mot nhung yeu to rui ro chinh hoat ddng khai thdc md id thien vd md ham Id cd lien quan den nhung phd huy dia chat Nhirng tranh cai ddng chii y nhat tren the gidi deu lien quan den mot dang phd huy dja chat la su sap cua cdc tru than d md than Coalbrook d Nam Phi nam 1960, d noi 437 nguoi da bi chet Mot phan hiem hoa tir rui ro nhan tao, rui ro tai chinh cung can duoc xem xet can nhac, bao gdm rui ro cua viec mat di thiet bi khai thdc md chit yeu, ton that cdc san pham khai thdc md Hon nira the ky trudc, rdt nhieu su chu y da duoc dp dung nhirng chinh sach bd sung, dieu chinh xir ly nhung rui ro chinh khai thdc md, va anh hudng ciia nhung chinh sach cang the hi$n ro thong qua rdt nhieu hoat ddng khai thdc md Su can nhac phat trien cd quan tdm tdi mien cdc dieu kien dia chat cdc md va bay gid no la nhung hinh thuc chinh ben ciia mot du dn thiet ke va khai thdc md Bdi viet cung cap mot tdng quan nhirng can nhac chinh se duoc ket hop chat che cdc nghien ciru khai thdc than de quan ly nhirng rui ro lien quan den cdc phd huy dia chat khai thdc Tir khoa: Dja ky thuat, rui ro, an toan, tai chinh Gioi thieu chung x f x H a u het cac t a i hoa c h i n h t r o n g k h a i thac m o deu co l i e n quan t d i hai dang r u i ro chinh, la cac pha h u y no m i n va dia chat N h i e u v i d u ve cac h i e m hoa cd lien quan den cac m d i n g u y hai dia chat M o t t r o n g n h u n g dang t a i hoa dang c h i i y nhat la su sap ciia cac t r u than d m d than C o a l b r o o k d N a m Phi vao n a m 1960, n o i m a cd t d i 437 nguoi da b i chet C i i n g v d i t h d i d i e m cua pha huy nay, k h o n g m o t t i e u chuan thiet ke ro rang nao hien cd sir dung d u o c cho viec thiet ke cac t r u than t r o n g k h a i thac than M o t u y ban duoc thiet lap d u d i su dan dat ciia giao su M D G Salamon de d i e u tra ve cac k h i a canh dia chat cua hiem hoa de dua n h u n g l o i k h u y e n cho viec ngan can n h u n g h i e m hoa t u o n g t u lai xay D a y la m o t t r o n g n h u n g su k i e n nhan tao quan t r o n g nhat t r o n g su phat trien cua dia k y thuat cho viec thiet ke t r o n g cac m d than r d n g khap sau T h o n g qua su phat t r i e n ciia k y thuat k h o i da n h u la m o t n h a n h phat t r i e n ddc lap ciia k y thuat thuc te tang l e n nhanh chong d nira c u d i ciia the k y t r u d c , cac tai l i e u chinh thiic de nghien ciru c o hoc da da d u o c v a c h vao n a m 1877, k h i d d C o u l o m b da t i m va giai t h i c h duoc cac ket qua t h i n g h i e m da v d i v i e n han l a m Phap d Pari Cac m d t h a n V i e c k h a i thac t h a n ciia thd g i d i d u o c thuc h i e n d n h u n g sau khac nhau, cd the tir be mat dat x u d n g t d i sau h o n 1000m Q u y m d v a su p h i i c tap dia c h i t ciia n h u n g loai khoang san l a m thay d d i rat l d n den p h u o n g phap v a thiet b i khai thac n h u n g loai khoang san dd Cac p h u o n g phap k h a i thac k h o a n g san cd m i tir q u y m d hoat ddng khai thac nhd be t h i i cdng den cac p h u o n g phap c o g i d i hoa k h a i thac v d i q u y m d l d n , san luong cd t h i len t d i tren 30 t r i e u tan than m o t nam 628 Hoi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc mo tien ki thuat tiin md quoc vi su phat triin te -2010 bin viing V i e c lira c h o n p h u o n g phap v a chung loai thiet b i k h a i dao d u o c sir d u n g d o i v o i cac mo c h i u anh h u o n g ciia cac dieu k i e n dia c h i t p h i i c tap ciia m o , c h i e u day cua v i a than, c h i l u sau ciia v i a than, s6 l u o n g cac v i a than, n h u n g d i e u k i e n m o i t r u o n g can x e m xet, cac y t y ' > r y y / r yeu cau de bao v e be m a t p h i a tren, cac v a n de can nhac ve t a i c h i n h v a n h i e u y e u to khac nua Cac phuong phap khai thac md hien dai Phu thuoc vao dieu kien tu nhien ciia mo ma mot so luong Ion cac phuong phap khai thac m o t h u o n g d u o c sir d u n g tren the g i o i N h i r n g p h u o n g phap n a y co the duoc chia lam hai loai l a cac p h u o n g phap k h a i thac m o 16 t h i e n v a cac p h u o n g phap k h a i thac m o ham 16 2.1 Nhung can nhac dia chat cho cdcphuffngphap khai thdc md lp thien Cac phuong phap khai thac mo 16 thien thong thuang bao gom cac hoat dong xiic / i / r r \ boc va v a n c h u y e n dat da v o i m a y x i i c v a bang t a i H a i can nhac d i a chat c h i n h can quan r r t r y tam k h i thiet ke cac hoat d o n g k h a i thac m o 16 t h i e n la t i n h o n d i n h ciia b a doc v a chieu y r y \ «y r \ t cao tang B doc hay c h i e u cao tang pha h u y dan den m o t r u i ro nhan tao v a t i e m an nguy hiem d o i v o i cac t h i e t b i H i n h v a m i n h hoa cac dang pha h u y d i a chat t r o n g cac m o khai thac 16 t h i e n Hinh Sap cua may xuc Hinh Sap tudng cua bd doc Cac p h u o n g phap dia c a hoc co the t r a g i u p qua t r i n h quan l y cac r u i ro l i e n quan den su pha h u y b a d i e da the h i e n tot n h u n g h i e u qua ciia no v a da d u o c k i e m c h i i n g t r o n g thuc t l N h u n g p h u o n g phap c a ban de danh gia t i n h o n d i n h cua b a doc co the ke den la su phan t i c h n l n m o n g , cac p h u o n g phap can bang g i o i han v a cac p h u o n g phap s6 T i t ca n h u n g p h u o n g phap deu dua tren c o so ciia cac n g u y e n tac k y thuat a m v a no co t h i danh g i a xac x u i t ciia sir pha huy N h u v a y co m o t n h i e m v u t u o n g d o i d o n gian d l xac d i n h m o t t h i l t k l t i t n h i t t r u o c k h i k h a i thac m o N h i e m v u se t r a l e n d l dang hon b a i viec s i n co cac phan m e m de phan t i c h thiet ke b o doc v a m a y t i n h thuc te de chay cac c h u o n g t r i n h s i n co H i n h m i n h hoa m o t v i d u ciia m o t bai toan dugc tao b a i p h i n m l m sir d u n g m o t t r o n g cac p h u o n g phap phazi t i c h can bang g i a i han cho viec phan tich o n d i n h b a doc 629 Hoi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc mo tien kT thuat tiin mo quoc vi su phat triin te - 2010 bin viing M o t k h i n h u n g n i i r o I o n h o n d u o c quan tarn d i n t h i n h i r n g m i n g u y h a i dia c h i t nho h o n cung can p h a i d u o c phan t i c h , n h u la da r o i hay l a s u t r u o t l o cua cac b o doc L a i m o t l a n n u a cac p h u o n g t i e n p h a n m e m san co d u o c dua de g i u p d o c h u t r i n h thiet ke H i n h cho thay k e t qua ciia m o t p h a n t i c h de xac d i n h k h o a n g cac d i c h chuyen cua d i t da k h i m o t b d d i e b i t r u o t T r o n g v i d u 50000 m a n h da d u o c m o p h o n g t r o n g mot t h d i gian l a m o t v a i giay Phan t i c h n a y co the ap d u n g de cho t h i e t ke b d m o tot n h i t , d l g i a m thap nhat r u i ro cua cac m a n h da t r o i tac done den hoat d o n g k h a i thac m o Cac p h u o n g phap p h a n t i c h khac san co c u n g de xac n h a n h i e u qua ciia cac thiet ke truoc M o t t r o n g n h u n g p h u o n g phap h i e n d a i nhat la sir d u n g he t h o n g rada p h a n t i c h on djnh b d doc C o n g nghe s u d u n g cac thiet b i quet be m a t dat da v a phat h i e n su dich chuyen cua k h o i t r u d c k h i co the nhan thay bang m a t t h u o n g Hinh Phan tich tinh on dinh cua nen mong RocScience vd bd doc, After Hinh Phan tich dd roi, After RocScience Rada p h a n t i c h o n d i n h b d doc t h i co the phan t i c h t h d i g i a n t h u c te de nhan b d doc luc bat dau p h a h u y v a de cung cap v a canh bao s d m cac dang pha h u y ciia b d doc H o n nua, cung de c u n g cap l a i i c h an t o a n v a c i i n g co the d u o c sir d u n g de danh gia anh h u o n g cua cac y e u t o dau vao cho thiet ke, v i d u n h u s u tang l e n ciia goc nghieng b d doc, co the co h i e u qua t r o n g sir cai t h i e n k i t qua v a s u han c h i k h i s u d u n g cac phan t i c h H i n h c h i m o t v i d u p h a n t i c h Rada n d i n h b d d i e v a h i n h cho t h i y m o t v i d u sir dung tai l i e u de d u doan t h a i d i i m b i t dau pha h u y b d d i e 2.2 Nhirng can nh&c dia chat cho viec thiit hi md than ham Id H i e n nay, co n h i l u p h u o n g phap k h a i thac h i m 16 t i n t a i t r e n t h i g i d i T i t ca nhung p h u o n g phap d l u tao nen t i n h n d i n h cua cac t r u t h a n d u d i n g i m d l ganh phan tai ben tren Cac t r u t h a n tao nen t i n h n d i n h l a u d a i t u o n g u n g cho s u phat t r i i n he t h i n g 16 c h g v a n h u n g hoat d o n g ciia cac b u l n g , cac cot hay s u phat t r i i n cua d u o n g van tai cac m o t h a n h a m 16 D u the nao d i nira t h i chuc nang ciia cac t r u t h a n c i i n g la y l u t l quan t r o n g n h i t v i t h i cac t r u than d u g c t h i l t k l d l dap u n g cho cac m u c d i c h c h l n g g i u I n dinh thich hgp 2.2.1 Thiet ke tru than 630 Hdi Cdng nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thuat tiin md qudc vi su phat ti - trien 2010 bin vung T i n h o n d i n h cua t r u than la m o t h a m chuc nang c h i n h g i u a ben cua t r u than v a tai m a no p h a i mang M a c d u co rat nhieu y e u to anh h u o n g den ben cua t r u than, n h u n g day l a h a i t h a m so nen tang c o ban hay d u o c s u d u n g de danh gia t i n h o n dinh ban dau cua t r u than Co n h i e u cong t h u c de xac d i n h ben ciia cac t r u than t o n t a i t r e n the g i o i h i e n H a u het n h i r n g c o n g t h i i c duoc xac dinh tir k i n h n g h i e m v a do no co the sir dung t r o n g n h u n g k h u v u c v a t r o n g cac m o ma cong thiic nhan d u o c tir viec ap dung cho m o D o la d i e u can thiet de xac m i n h lai t i n h c h i n h xac cua cong t h i i c se d u o c ap dung de thiet ke d a m bao t i n h o n d i n h chac chan cua toan bo thiet ke m o V i e c sir dung cong thiic k h o n g c h i n h xac co the se d u a f r t ket qua co t i n h chat n g u y h i e m , r u i ro cao thuc te H i n h cho thay m o t t r u than bi h u hong m u c cao K h u y n h h u o n g t h i i de x e m xet k h i thiet ke cac t r u than cho k h a i thac m o h a m Hinh Radar phan tich on dinh bd doc, after Groundprobe® 16 la tai t r o n g ben tren t r u than N e n tai t r o n g * x " r ' Entire Wedge (zoomed) vuot qua ben cua t r u than, ket qua l a t r u than se b i pha h u y v a i s u p h a h u y ghe g a m Co n h u n g p h u o n g phap khac de xac &I| * fiiiluru ot:cun> dinh l a i tai t r o n g m a cac t r u than se p h a i ganh c h i u , co the tir l y thuyet phan nhanh don gian cua t a i t r o n g , t h o n g qua viec x e m xet tai t r p n g cho giao cat hay co the s u d u n g mo h i n h phan t i c h so p h i i c tap Nhung phuong phap co c a sa v u n g chac v a thong t h u a n g d u a c sir d u n g r o n g rai tren the Acceptation detentMl -Pit cleared -A day* prior to failure Tm g i o i nay, n h u n g rat k h o de k h a n g d i n h x r Hinh Du doan sap cua bd doc tu cdc kit rang l y thuyet c h i n h xac nao se duoc ap qua kiem tra Rada, after Groundprobe® dung cho m o i thiet ke H i n h m o ta k h a i niem c a ban cua v u n g p h a i m a n g t a i f ? r x S u can nhac t h u t r o n g k h i thiet ke cac t r u than cho cac m o k h a i thac than h a m 16 l a t h a i gian t o n t a i m o n g c h a ciia cac t r u than Cac t r y than, c i i n g n h u l a cac ket cau k y thuat khac, b i h u h o n g theo t h a i gian S u h u h o n g t h a m c h i co the dan den s u pha h u y cua cac t r y than do thiet ke tir ban dau can quan t a m de d a m bao t i n h n d i n h cho phan l a i cac t r y than N h i e u n g h i e n c u u da quan t a m t o i viec danh gia s u p h u thuoc vao t h a i 631 Hoi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thuat tiin md quoc vi su phat te - triin 2010 bin viing gian k h i cac t r u than b i p h a h u y v a cac k y thuat t h u dugc t u n g h i e n c u u co i c h l g i rat n h i e u d l d a m bao chac chan rang phan c o n l a i cua cac t r u t h a n t h o a m a n d u g c y e u cau ben lau dai sau Hinh 2.2.2 Viing phan bo tdi Thiet ke Id cha Be" d a m bao cho viec thiet k i m o t 16 c h g d o n d i l n h i n h , t h i cac t r u than theo cac h u o n g phat t r i i n c h i n h cua 16 c h g can d u g c d a m bao o n d i n h t r o n g suot t h o i gian ton tai cua m o N h u n g t r u than se dugc thiet ke co t i n h an toan cao de d a m bao t i n h on dinh lau dai Co m o t s u phan bo l a i t a i t r g n g d o i v o i cac t r u than c h i n h k h i k h a i thac v a no la dieu quan t r o n g d l d a m bao rang n h u n g t r u than co the m a n g d u g c t a i t r o n g t r o n g qua trinh khai thac m o H i n h m o ta viec sir d u n g m o h i n h phan t i c h s6 c h i l u dua k h i phan t i c h cac t a i t r o n g tac d o n g d l i v o i cac t r u than t r o n g m o t 16 c h g c h i n h H i n h 10 mo ta su phan bo cua u n g suat t r o n g cac t r u 6 c h g c h i n h M o t t h i l t k l quan t r o n g khac can can nhac d o i v o i s u phat t r i e n cua 16 c h g khai thac than de d a m bao rang k h o n g co su b l x u n g cac t a i t r o n g b i d i c h u y e n d o i v o i h u o n g phat trien c h i n h ciia cac t r u than t r o n g qua t r i n h k h a u than tir 16 c h g S u cong ciia viec t h i l t k l t r u than 16 v a n c h u y e n l a c o so d l l i n g dung cong t i t nhat cho hoat d o n g cua 16 c h g T r o n g sir phat t r i e n ciia he t h o n g k h a i thac, cac tru than se c o ban m a n g t a i t r o n g nho, n h u n g m o t k h i l a y t h a n t h i cac t a i t r o n g doi v o i cac t r u than se tang l e n nhanh chong N h u n g t r u than do p h a i dugc thiet ke de dam bao rang c h i i n g co the d i i n g v u n g d u g c t r u o c n h u n g d i e u k i e n ciia t a i t r o n g V i e c thiet ke d u o i m u c an toan co t h i la k i t qua k h o n g can t h i l t k h o k h a n t r o n g qua t r i n h lay than tir 16 c h g n h u l a k i t qua ciia su pha h u y t r u than gan k h u v u c g u o n g k h a i thac Sir phan bo tai luc l a m o t r u i r o n g u y h i l m v a co t h i can nhac anh h u o n g t o i h i e u qua ciia 16 chg N o k h o n g t h u a n g x u y e n x a y v o i cac 16 c h g t r o n g t h u c t l t h o i g i a n ngirng khai thac t r o n g m o t v a i r u i n H i n h 11 cho thay m o t v i d u ciia m o t doan c u o i 16 c h g b i pha huy 632 noi ngni Cong nghiep t t Knoa hoc kT thuat md quoc te - 2010 mo tien tiin vi su phat trien ben vung g i o i han b i n d i t da v u g t qua tai t r o n g cho phep V i e c t h u nhan d u o c t i n h h u o n g mat v a i thang m o i co t h i quan sat thay a CD 00 M C s 663720 Hinh Md hinh phan tich so chieu lo cho chinh cua Hinh 663740 663760 663780 TrucX x-coorama'ce 663800 663820 10 Suphan bd irng suat thang dung cdc tru than d lb cho chinh f t \ Thiet ke budng vd cot f t \ T r o n g viec thiet ke k h a i thac m o theo p h u o n g phap b u o n g v a cot t h i h i n h dang cua t t t \ -\ cac t r u than l a ket cau c h o n g g i u ban dau cho cac hoat d o n g k h a i thac n g a m v o i toan bo thoi gian k h a i dao N h u n g d i e u b i an d o i v o i p h u o n g phap la viec de l a i cua t r u than phia sau de d a m bao t i n h an toan D i e u anh h u o n g true tiep t o i h i e u qua cua t a i > t nguyen, cung n h u p h a n t r a m ciia l u o n g than tan t h u d u o c t h i co quan he true tiep v a t u o n g xung v o i k i c h t h u o c ciia cac t r u than phia sau V i e c thiet ke t o t nhat l a m o t thiet ke phai dam bao rang v i e c k h a i dao d u o i n g a m d a m bao t i n h an toan theo t h o i gian v a y e u cau t o n that than de l a i t r u than bao ve l a i t nhat 2.2.3 Hon nua, can thiet dam bao cac dac tinh quan ciia mat dat phia tren cac md khai thac h a m 16 d u o c bao ve Cac dac t r u n g t r e n co the bao g o m n h i r n g k h u v u c m o i truong nhay c a m , cac song suoi, cac k h u v u c cong t r i n h nha cira, cac d u o n g x a v a d u o n g sat phia ben tren k h u v u c k h a i thac T i n h o n d i n h l a u dai ciia cac t r u than l a c o so nen tang de d a m bao chac chan rang cac ket cau khac da d u o c bao ve 2.2.4 Cdc tru than se bd H i n h dang khac n h a u ciia cac t r u than d o bo t h i hoan toan phu thuoc vao t h u c te t r o n g k h a i thac than tren the g i o i T r u than bo co l o i i c h cho v i e c d a m bao sir tang l e n san l u o n g than cho n g u o i sir d u n g T u y n h i e n , no cung t i e m an n h u n g l o a i r u i ro khac nhau, bao g o m s u pha h u y t o i han cua t r u than k h i co cac tac dong k h a i thac, l a m mat o n d i n h Hinh ciia da v a c h v a t i e m an n h u n g 633 11 Phd huy be mat guong dao & lb cho Hdi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thuat tien md quoc vi su phat ic - trien bin zulu viing nguy hai cho dat da t r e n g u o n g dao N o l a d i e u can thiet de co m o t h i e u biet can than, k y l u o n g d i n cac d i e u k i e n cua t a i t r o n g , b i e u h i e n cua dia tang v a s u g i a m b o t anh h u o n g cua cac p h u o n g phap t o i t i n h chac chan s u cong cua cac p h u o n g phap k h a i thac tren N e u viec t h i l t k l k h o n g d u o c thuc h i e n c h i n h xac tir luc bat dau, t h i s u o n d i n h cua t r u than se b i g i a m d i v a co the d u a den n h u n g r u i ro nhan tao v a t a i c h i n h t r o n g hoat dong khai thac m o 2.2.5 Khai thdc via than cd chieu day thay ddi S u co x a y d o i v o i cac v i a than co the n a m thay d o i p h u c tap l a h i e n t u o n g thong t h u o n g n h i l u q u l c gia S u b o n rut than co the t h u c h i e n m o t v a i v i a than co the nay, hay x i y a t r o n g cac v i a than t i l p theo K h i cac v i a than n a y n a m rat gan cac v i a than khac, b i l u h i e n cua c h u n g cung khac tir n h i r n g g i m a k i n h n g h i e m da t h u duoc tir n h u n g hoat d o n g k h a i thac d o i v o i m o t v i a than d o n N h i r n g can nhac c h i n h t r o n g k h i thiet ke hoat d o n g k h a i thac cac v i a than co chieu day thay d o i chua d u n g s u t u o n g tac g i u a u n g suat v o i b i e u h i e n cua t r u than, cac dac tinh ciia t r u than g i u a cac v i a than v a cac y e u to t i e m an d o i v o i m o t v i a than d o i v o i cac hoat d o n g k h a i thac m o t v i a than khac N h u n g v i d u cua s u k h a i thac b u o n g v a cot cac v i a than co c h i e u day nho m da c h i rang s u k h a u t h a n phat t r i e n t o i v i a gan cac v i a khac t r o n g 16 cho* c u n g b i anh h u o n g 2.2.6' Khai thdc than dudi cdc cau true be mat nhay cam V i e c k h a i thac m o ben d u o i cac cau true be m a t nhay c a m v a cac k h u v u c phong canh tren mat dat y e u cau n h u n g quan t a m dac biet T h o n g qua v i e c sir d u n g tot nhat cac tai nguyen la d i e u quan t r o n g do cac p h o n g canh t u n h i e n ciia c h i i n g ta se duoc bao ve B e ngan can cac hoat done k h a i thac m o tir n h u n g tac d o n g bat l o i d o i v o i cac dac t r u n g nay, cac k y nang thiet ke can ap d u n g de d a m bao g i u d u o c an toan d o i v o i cac yeu to tren be mat Rat n h i e u cac v i d u k h a i thac d i e n p h i a d u o i cac k h u vuc nhay c a m n h u la cac k h u v u c co cac c o so tang, bao g o m cac k h u v u c v a c h da v o i co xua, cac ho, cac k e n h dan n u o c , cac d u o n g cao toe v a t h a m c h i l a ca cac Cac m o h i n h c o so, m o h i n h k i n h n g h i e m v a m o h i n h so t h u o n g d u g c sir d u n g de thiet ke cac m o h a m 16 de d a m bao chac chan rang hoat d o n g k h a i thac m o k h o n g l a m anh h u o n g bat l o i d o i v o i cac cau t n i c be m a t quan t r o n g N h i r n g c a n n h a c k i n h te t r o n g t h i e t k e d i a c h a t m o B i a k y thuat co m o t v a i tro quan t r o n g d l d a m bao s u k h a i thac t i t nhat cac tai nguyen, t r o n g co chua n h u n g g i can dat d u g c cua t i n h o n d i n h B o la d i l u m o n g m u o n de lay dugc n h i e u t a i n g u y e n co l g i nhat, t r o n g k h i k h o n g gay anh cac tac d o n g den t i n h an toan v a cac tac d o n g m o i t r u a n g V i e c t h i l t ke he t h o n g k h a i thac m o h a m 16 phai dam bao t i n h o n d i n h l a u dai, cac t a i n g u y e n co gia t r i co t h i b i t i n that, d i k h i k h a i thac h a m 16 Trai l a i , neu viec k h a i thac t h a n k h o n g d u g c quan t a m m u c cao nhat, t i n h an toan va viec bao ve cac dac t r u n g t r e n be m a t se b i anh h u o n g M o t v i d u ve viec thiet k l cho viec k h a i thac than t i t n h i t d l d a m bao c h i c c h i n r i n g cac t r u than t r o n g cac b u l n g v a t r u than t r o n g he t h i n g 16 c h g d u g c t h i l t k l d l dam bao t i n h o n d i n h l a u dai, t r o n g qua t r i n h l i y dugc than n h i e u n h i t V a i 100 t r i e u t i n than, t h i 634 noi Cong nghi nghiep Khoa hoc md tien ki thuat tiin mo quoc vi su phat te - trien ben 2010 viing ton that t6t nhat n a m a v i t r i nho h a n hoac bang t r i e u tan than, su m i t m a t chua d u n g gia t r i t i e m an l o i i c h k i n h te l a 0 0 U S D ( v o i gia t h i l t m o t t a n than co gia U S D ) M o t v i d u khac d u o c x e m xet can than d o i v o i m o t 16 c h g dai co chieu dai m , chieu cao k h a i thac l a 3,5m N e u 16 c h g dai b i d u n g l a i m p h i a t r u o c v i t r i tot nhat, t o n th-it than co t h i l a 0 0 U S D tren m o t 16 c h g dai ( g i a t h i l t gia ban m o t tan than la U S D / t a n v a t r o n g l u g n g r i e n g cua than l a l , t a n / m ) T u y n h i e n , cac m o than k h a i thac bang p h u o n g phap b u o n g cot hay cac 16 c h g dai dugc phep ben canh v i t r i t i t n h i t , n h u n g hau qua co t h i l a n g h i e m t r o n g , viec cai tao, k h o i phuc r i t d i t , do s u phat t r i i n k h a i thac l i e n quan t o i tai t r o n g 16 c h g dai hay su sap cac t r u t r o n g k h a i thac b u o n g v a cot la dieu can quan tam K e t l u a n D i a k y thuat l a m o t phan nhanh t i t dugc tao tir k y thuat, mac d u no l a nganh k h a non tre, n h u n g t i e n bo nhan tao cua no da dat dugc h o n nira thap k y qua l a k h o n g the p h u nhan Co m o t so l u g n g l a n cac cong c u v a k y thuat san co de d a m bao viec thiet ke t h i c h hop d l i v o i cac m o k h a i thac 16 t h i e n v a k h a i thac h a m 16, n h u n g n e n tang c o ban quan de d a m bao r i n g cac cong cu c h i n h xac dugc ap d u n g t r o n g t i r n g t i n h h u o n g c u the thi chua ro rang D i a k y thuat l a m o t chuc nang co g i o i han t r o n g c h u t r i n h t h i e t ke m o Chac chan rang n h u n g tac d o n g k h a i dao y e u cau t i n h an toan v a ben l a u se d u g c y e u cau x e m xet k y , v o i su lac quan k h i sir d u n g t a i n g u y e n v a su bao ve cac dac t i n h quan t r o n g t r e n be mat, can yeu cau can t r o n g v a ap d u n g c h i tiet t i m i t r o n g cac n g u y e n tac thiet ke Co rat n h i e u cac v i d u m a viec thiet ke k h o n g t h i c h h o p da dan den n h i r n g hau qua pha huy n g h i e m t r o n g , n h u n g cung co n h u n g v i d u m a n o i viec thiet ke d u g c x e m xet can than da l a m cho s u an toan cao h o n , lac quan h o n d o i v a i cac p h u o n g an an toan Se l a dieu quan t r o n g v a co l g i i c h rat l a n k h i cac can nhac dia k y thuat d u g c ket h g p chat che v o i t r o n g t i r n g b u o c c u the cua thiet lap d u an v a hoat d o n g k h a i thac cua m o t d u an khai thac m o / Tai lieu tham khao RocScience website, http://www.rocscience.com/ Accessed 14 June 2010 635 ... n g cac m o khai thac 16 t h i e n Hinh Sap cua may xuc Hinh Sap tudng cua bd doc Cac p h u o n g phap dia c a hoc co the t r a g i u p qua t r i n h quan l y cac r u i ro l i e n quan den su... phap k h a i thac m o ham 16 2.1 Nhung can nhac dia chat cho cdcphuffngphap khai thdc md lp thien Cac phuong phap khai thac mo 16 thien thong thuang bao gom cac hoat dong xiic / i / r r \ boc... a n h i e u y e u to khac nua Cac phuong phap khai thac md hien dai Phu thuoc vao dieu kien tu nhien ciia mo ma mot so luong Ion cac phuong phap khai thac m o t h u o n g d u o c sir d u n g