Hdi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt mo qudc ti 2010 Cong nghiep mo tien tiin vi su phdt triin bin vung N H U r V G T H A C H T H L T C T O L C f N D O I V O I K Y T H U A T K H A I T H A C M O T R O N G T H E[.]
Hdi Cong nghi khoa nghiep hoc mo tien ki thudt tiin mo qudc vi su phdt triin ti - 2010 bin vung NHUrVG T H A C H THLTC T O LCfN D O I V O I K Y T H U A T K H A I T H A C M O TRONG T H E K Y 21 Ajoy K Ghose ,IOC WMC, R P R o t o l i a Tata Steel, A n u j i t B a g c h i A n Do Torn tat: Khai khoang dd, dang va se tiep tuc Id nen tdng cua nen vdn minh toan cau dap img nhu cdu vdt chat cua mot xa hoi dang bung nd dan sd Hoc vien Ky thudt Qudc gia Hoa Ky gdn day dd cdng bd 14 "thach thirc ldn" ddi vai ky thudt, tap trung vao hire xuc ldn nhat cua xa hdi Id thach thirc ve mdi trudng vd ddi hdi xd hdi phdi cd cdc gidi phap ky thuat Trong cung mdt mach dd, bdo cdo xac dinh mdt mang cua 14 "thach thirc lan" ddi vai tinh ben vimg ciia nganh cdng nghiep khai khoang toan cdu the ky 21, dd bao gdm nhung thach thirc ddi vdi tham dd khoang sdn bang cdng nghe cao de md rdng ca sd dir lieu ve tdi nguyen khoang sdn, nhirng thach thirc ve tir ddng hda, cdng nghe khai thdc sach, khai thdc md an toan hon, sang tao khai thdc bao gdm cd cdng nghe sinh hoc vd dp dung CNTT de dam bdo tinh ben vimg va sire canh tranh cua cdng nghe Bdo cdo cung xac dinh nhiing thach thirc ldn khai thdc md ngoai dai duong va ngoai trai ddt de dap irng nhu cdu khoang sdn toan cdu Ddi mat vdi nhirng thach thirc ldn la sir can thiet phdi ddu tu vao nghien ciru trien khai R&D, mdt don bay cho phdt trien cdng nghe tien tien Tir khoa: Thach thirc to ldn; phdt trien ben vimg, cdng nghe sang tao, khai thdc ngoai troi I Gioi thieu K h a i thac m o la m o t k h u v u c quan t r o n g cua nen v a n m i n h toan cau Cac dong gop ciia khai thac m o cho nen k i n h te toan cau la v o cung quan t r o n g G a n 26 t y tan khoang san nguyen lieu duoc san xuat hang nam, t r o n g so co t y tan la k h o a n g san nang l u o n g (than da va than nau), t y tan quang de san xuat thep va cac k i m l o a i m a u , 0,4 t y tan quang cho cac k i m loai m a u , 1,6 t y tan khoang chat cong nghiep, t y tan da h i n h v a da v o i , ciing v o i 11 ty tan da, cat v a soi T r o n g b o i canh gia tang dan so toan cau v a su " d o i " khoang san cang gia tang, nganh cong nghiep k h o a n g san phai phan dau v a tiep tuc cung cap nguyen lieu thiet y e u de t r i xa h o i loai n g u o i , dap u n g cang cao cac n h u cau ve chat l u o n g ciia cuoc song tot h o n , trir k h i co n h u n g de doa m o i v a h i e u qua tai nguyen khoang san kho khan de tiep can k h a i thac N g a n h k h o a n g san can bat dau suy n g h i ngoai pham v i ciia m i n h de den v o i n h u n g sang tao m o i t r o n g n g h i e n ciru va cong nghe Bao cao t i m each xac d i n h n h u n g thach thiic I o n m a nganh c o n g nghiep k h a i thac mo phai v u g t qua de co the dap u n g n h u cau gia tang dan so toan cau va su t h i e u hut khoang san tram trgng II Nhan dien nhirng thach thirc to ldn N a m 2008, H g c v i e n K y thuat Qu6c gia H o a K y cong b6 m o t loat cac thach thiic Ion d6i v o i k y thuat t r o n g the k y H g da xac d i n h 14 thach thirc dua d u o i day: Sir dung hieu qua nang l u o n g mat t r o i C u n g cap nang l u g n g nhiet hach Phat trien cac p h u o n g phap t h u h o i carbon Quan l y chu t r i n h n i t a 62 Hdi nghi Cdng nghiep khoa hoc kT thudt md qudc te - 2010 md tien tiin vi sir phdt trien bin virng C u n g cap n u a c sach K h o i phuc va cai t h i e n ca sa tang t h i T i e n bo t r o n g y hoc Quan l y chua benh tot han M a y t i n h l a m dao I o n k y thuat 10 N g a n chan k h u n g bo hat nhan 11 D i e u k h i e n an toan khoang k h o n g v u t r u 12 T i e n bo t r o n g the g i a i 13 N a n g cao nang lire ca nhan 14 K y su - cong cu k h a m pha khoa hoc N h i r n g thach thuc I o n d o i v a i k y thudt tiep tuc d u a c ban cai t r o n g g i a i khoa hoc k y thuat a M y va ciing theo m a c h chung t o i m u o n nhan dien v a u u t i e n n h u n g thach thirc lan doi v a i k y thuat khai thac m o I I I N h a n d i e n n h u n g t h a c h t h u c I o n t r o n g n g a n h k h a i t h a c k h o a n g san N h u n g thach thuc I o n de cap den a day la nhirng thach thuc gan n h u k h o n g the giai quyet duac va neu k h o n g co n h u n g buac dot phd ca ban hoac d o i m a i cong nghe t h i viec dat dugc cac muc t i e u se chi la m g t giac m a xa x o i Chung t o i xac d i n h nhirng thach thirc lan ciia nganh k h a i thac khoang san n h u sau: C a hgc da va k y thuat k h a i thac C a hgc da t r o n g k h a i thac m o m a n h u n g ca h o i t h u v i N o se l a m cho qua t r i n h san xuat it t o n nhan l u c , l a m cho san xuat gia tang, vat l i e u no dugc thay the, g i a m thieu nhung hau qua k h o n g m o n g m u o n n h u n g ben canh hieu qua t r o n g san xuat lai tang len Cac k y su can phai m a r o n g kha nang sir dung cac may k h o a n dao 16 T B M ( T u n n e l B o r i n g Machines) de co the dao dugc cac d u o n g 16 t r o n g dat da co c u o n g k h a n g nen cao hon Phat t r i e n cac k y thuat t h a m m o i phuc v u cho viec m o r o n g c o so d u lieu tai nguyen khoang san, de nen van m i n h ciia n g u o i co the phat t r i e n ben v u n g T r a i dat la m o t harm t i n h co nguon tai nguyen h u u han D a n so cang gia tang hien dang tieu t h u tai nguyen v o i m o t toe m a k h o n g the dugc t r i Theo thong t i n hien nay, cac k y su da phat trien cac k y thuat t h a m de xac d i n h t r u l u g n g khoang san co tiem nang den sau khoang k m m o t each nhanh chong va hieu qua Qua t r i n h t i m k i e m tai nguyen t r o n g l o n g trai dat da trai qua m o t quang d u o n g dai ciia cong nghe k y thuat, h y vgng ve su phat trien cho rang co the se dat dugc cac muc tieu K y thuat k h o n g phai khoan dao tham n h u X - q u a n g , Radar, va m o h i n h 3-D can dugc sir d u n g de " n h i n " qua lap vo ciia trai dat va dieu se la m o t buoc tien dai t r o n g t i m k i e m n g u o n tai nguyen de d u t r u va khai thac k i n h te C o n g nghe sang tao day hua hen bao g o m he t h o n g song chep hinh thong m i n h tren be mat ( S W I P S ) va k y thuat t h a m sau trai dat bang h i n h anh giua nhirng cong nghe t h a m khac se giup hien thuc hoa quan d i e m x e m trai dat la "Qua cau thuy t i n h " (y n o i co the n h i n thay het l o n g trai dat) ciia C S I R O , A u s t r a l i a Phat trien cong nghe t u dong hoa k h a i thac m o , dan den k h a i thac it n g u a i Tiep theo can cong bo cong k h a i m o i quan t a m lien quan den viec t u dong hoa cac qua t r i n h khai thac m o Cac k y su phai phat trien cac giai phap cong nghe de g i a m bat su 63 Hdi nghi Cong nghiep khoa hoc kT thuat md qudc ti md tien tiin vi sir phdt triin - 2010 bin virng can thiep ciia n g u d i t r o n g hoat dong n h u khoan, v a n c h u y l n k h o a n g san tir m d den nha may tuyen che bien khoang san G i d i t h i e u sir dung cac xe t u lat ( k h o n g cd n g u d i l a i ) d cac rao 16 thien l d n se k h o n g c h i loai bo t h u o n g t i c h tai nan n g u d i d i l u k h i l n met m o i lam viec keo dai, chi p h i nhan luc, ma gia tang nang suat tir cac xe v a n hanh m a k h o n g co bat k y su gian doan nao He thong g i a m sat dua tren C A N ( m a n g g i a m sat k h u virc) dugc goi la C A N - b u s cong nghe se dugc thuc h i e n b d i cac nha san xuat trang thiet b i m d Cac he t h i n g cd the de dang t h i c h n g h i va cau h i n h ciia nd co cac cap khac ciia t u ddng hoa, cung co the dugc thay d o i v a nang cap bang each thay d o i phan m e m ma khong can phai che tao l a i cac bd phan chii y e u ciia may D i e u se tang nang suat b d i don dat hang dap u n g dugc cang nhieu h o n so v d i m i i c nang suat h i e n hanh Phat trien va k h a i thac ben v u n g tap t r u n g vao k h a i thac m d v d i cdng nghe xanh va sach hon T h d i gian da thay d d i Quan n i e m quan l y m d i da dugc phat t r i e n dd theo k i p v d i thdi gian thay d o i Y t u d n g m d i va cac cdng cu quan Ly phai dugc thuc h i e n de m a n g lai nhung budc d i thay d d i , h i e u qua hoat ddng k h a i thac m d , l a m tang sire canh tranh ciia k h a i thac md Theo W S S D , phat t r i e n ben virng la phai "phat t h e n dap i m g n h u cau ciia hien tai ma khong anh h u d n g den kha nang dap u n g n h u cau ciia cac the he t r o n g t u o n g l a i " Theo quan d i e m ciia c h i i n g t d i t h i n g u d n tai nguyen h i e n cd co the k h a i thac het va the he tucmg lai co the buoc phai chap nhan m o t tieu chuan cuoc song thap h o n D e phat t h e n ben virng, cac k y su phai h u d n g t d i muc tieu dp dung cong nghe k y thuat san xuat sach h o n Cac yeu to chinh ciia san xuat sach h o n , ap dung cho nganh cong nghiep k h a i thac m o va khoang san bao g d m i) sir dung n g u d n tai nguyen m d t each t d i u u ; \ i i ) t i m k i e m n g u d n thay the; i i i ) hien dai hda cdng nghe; i v ) bao quan tot va v ) tai che tai hien t r u d n g Cac budc se g i u p m a n g lai m o t sir thay d o i m o h i n h t r o n g cac no lire ciia nganh cong nghiep m o de dat dugc muc tieu phat t h e n ben v u n g Co su thay doi ldn vide sir dung cdng nghe thdng tin va truyen thdng (ICT) khai thac m d N e u k h o n g sir dung m d t each rdng rai cdng nghe t h d n g t i n va t r u y e n thdng t r o n g hoat ddng khai thac m d t h i nganh m d k h o n g the phat trien D i e u se cho phep cac k y su cd the theo d d i hoat d d n g ciia m d tir xa m a k h o n g can phai den h i e n t r u d n g m o N g a n h cong nghiep khai thac m o p h a i t i e n t d i muc tieu ap dung v a t h i c h n g h i tot nhat v d i I C T K h a i niem cd nghia la tir H a N d i cac k y su cd the dieu hanh m d t m d d Iceland t h d n g qua cac n g u d i may dieu k h i e n tir xa (telerobotics) v a GPS M g i thdng t i n , d u l i e u t h u thap, l u u l u g n g va phan t i c h phai dugc thuc hien t r o n g s u i t t h d i gian dieu hanh de cd the quyet dinh cac d i l u k i e n nang ddng n h i t , d l t l i u u hda qua t r i n h san xuat He t h d n g t h d n g t i n g i a m sat n h u vay cho m a y v a qua t r i n h san x u i t la n h u n g dieu k i e n t i e n quyet de dat 64 Hoi nghi Cong nghiep r r khoa hoc kT thuat md quoc te - 2010 md tien tiin vi su phdt trien ben virng dugc m u c cao ve h i e u s u i t va hieu qua chi p h i D a y la v a n de can x e m xet trang thai hien tai cua nghe thuat cong nghe Cai thien an toan dan din ZAP (tai nan bang khong) K h a i thac m o la m o t nghe nghiep nguy h i e m va t h a m hga k h o n g ngirng gia tang n h u n g n a m gan day (cac v u no T r u n g Quoc, M y , N g a , A n D o t r o n g thang t u / thang 5, 2010) tiep tuc la m o t thach thuc kho khan va k h o n g co g i a i han Q u y t r i n h cong nghe dugc t u dgng hoa co the dan den so k h o n g ve tai nan V a i sy cong cua cong nghe, co ca cong nghe phong ngira tai hga, chac chan rang tai nan se k h o n g t o n tai hoat dong san xuat m o va cac giai phap de dan den Z A P can d u g c k h o n g ngirng t i m kiem Phat trien sang tao quan d i e m k h a i thac khoang san bang each sir dung cong nghe sinh hgc Cong nghe sinh hgc t r o n g k h a i thac m o la m o t cong nghe than t h i e n v a i m o i t r u a n g de khai thac/ che b i e n khoang san N o l i e n quan den viec sir d u n g a c i d o p h i l i c o x i t s u l f u a k i m loai ciia v i sinh vat va thuoc c h i i n g A c i d i m i c r o b i u m , A c i d i t h i o b a c i l l u s , L e p t o s p i r i l l u m va Sulfobacillus v a bao g o m hai qua t r i n h - qua t r i n h o x y hoa sinh hgc va lgc sinh hgc L g c sinh hgc dugc sir d u n g hieu qua viec t h u h o i cac dong, k e m , c h i , n i k e n va m o l y p d e n tir quang sulfua N g o a i viec k h a i thac sinh hgc quang, k i m loai quy co the dugc chiet xuat tir dat da thai ciia m o bang viec ap dung cong nghe lgc sinh hgc hoac o x y hoa sinh hgc va cung cap m o t giai phap x i r l y sinh hgc cho he thong n u a c thai m o co t i n h axit cao V i e c ap dung cac k y thuat sinh hgc tai m o se g i a m so l u g n g quang d u g c chuyen giao cho cac nha may che bien va h o n the nua se it gay tac d o n g x a u den m o i t r u a n g Phdt trien cac m d " k y thuat so" M o t quan d i e m dang bien la so hoa cac hoat dong cua m o De dat dugc dieu mo can dugc trang b i cac cam bien thong m i n h v a bo v i x i r l y de theo d o i hang ngan thong so t h a i gian hoat dong de dua cac chan doan true t u y e n va d u bao de dat dugc m o hinh " d u bao va ngan chan" thay cho " s u co va xac d i n h " de dat d u g c m u c cao ve hieu suat M g i hoat dgng phai dugc phan m e m d i n h h u d n g D i e u se each mang hda hoat dong ciia m d C d n g cu v a phan m e m n h u ER_P ( K e hoach tai n g u y e n t r u l u g n g ) He thdng dieu hanh van tai d-td tren m d ( T D S ) Cac m d se dugc t d i u u hda cac hoat ddng ciia minh H a n nua, cdng nghe m d i g i a m sat v j t r i l a m viec ciia cdng nhan t r o n g m d bang each cay chip va phat hien t h d n g qua GPS (he thdng d i n h v i toan cau), sir d u n g R F I D (Sir dung tan sd radio de phat hien va nhan dien) se tang c u d n g kha nang theo d d i chuyen ddng ciia ngudi va trang thiet b i hieu qua D o dd, cd m d t chien l u g e tap t r u n g t r o n g nganh cdng nghiep khai thac m d t r o n g t u o n g l a i se d d i mat dugc v d i cac thach thirc bang vide phat trien cac p h u a n g phap va cdng cu de tao dieu k i e n quyet d i n h c h i n h xac v a nhanh chdng, de cat g i a m chi p h i san xuat va tang l g i nhuan K h a i thac m d it chat thai M d t thach thuc l d n can dugc giai quyet la quan l y chat thai rah t r o n g m d N g a n h cdng nghiep k h a i thac m d hang nam tao khoang 8,5 t y tan c h i t thai thdng qua viec loai bd cac l d p dat bao p h u (trong k h a i thac m d Id thien) va d i t da m a k h o n g dap i m g yeu c i u 65 Hoi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thudt tiin md qudc vi su phdt triin ti - 2010 bin vung cap quang cho che bien Neu tich tu lai, khoi lugng chit thai se chilm tucrng ducmg vai dat ciia mot h i n h n o n co chieu cao k m v a d u o n g k i n h k m Phat dien t r o n g l o n g dat ma k h o n g v a n chuyen than len be mat v a cung co the sir d u n g cac cong nghe co l i e n quan d i n cac san p h a m n h u tro bay, n h u sir d u n g dat da thai chen 16 se m a n g l a i n h u n g buoc thay d l i t r o n g quan l y chat thai Cac giai phap n h u vay la k h a t h i k h o n g c h i ve mat cong nghe, m a ca v l mat k i n h te k h i so sanh v o i cac giai phap h i e n hanh, v i d u n h u cong nghe phat dien h i e n Dat da thai cung phai dugc quan l y m g t each h i e u qua de no co t h i chira c h i t thai va ngan ngira n h i e m n u a c mat va n u a c n g a m D i e u se giup lam giam dau i n ciia k h a i thac m o den m o i t r u a n g 10 C h u y l n d o i sang k h a i thac h a m 16 - m o t n h u cau cap bach Cac m o ciia t h i k y 21 se phai dugc k h a i thac t r o n g l o n g dat v i hai l y chinh T h i i n h i t , la phai k h a i thac tai nguyen khoang san n a m sau d u a i l o n g dat, m o t k h i nguon tai nguyen nong da can kiet T h i i hai, de g i a m t h i e u cac v a n de l i e n quan den m o i t r u a n g k h i kliai thac cac m o 16 t h i e n , hien dien true tiep t r u o c mat n g u o i V i vay, v a n de k i e m soat ciia cac t i n g l o p x a h o i va p h u a n g phap k h a i thac lira c h g n p h a i bao d a m l g i nhuan la nhirng thach thiic l a n k h i k h a i thac cac m o n a m sau t r o n g l o n g dat bang cac m o ham 16 Cac m o d i n g Chuquicamata ciia C O D E L C O dang dugc k h a i thac t h o n g qua p h u a n g phap pha hoa toan phan t r o n g n a m qua, sau k h i ket thuc k h a i thac bang p h u a n g phap 16 thien the k y qua H g uoc t i n h m o chiia khoang t y tan tai nguyen M o t so m o khac dang trai qua qua t r i n h chuyen d o i p h u a n g phap k h a i thac n h u B i n g h a m C a n y o n M i n e ( R i o Tinto, Hoa K y ) , Deep Ore Zone ( D O Z ) , m o ( P T Freeport, Indonesia) Cac k y s u ciia the k y 21 dang phai lua chgn cong nghe k h a i thac khoang san t r o n g l o n g dat bang p h u a n g phap ham 16 hoac co su ket h o p 16 t h i e n va k h a i thac h a m 16 de k h a i thac n g u o n tai nguyen to l a n va gia tang san l u g n g 11 G i a m t i e u t h u nuoc va giai phap sir dung nang l u g n g h i e u qua N g a n h cong nghiep k h a i thac m o t i e u t h u khoang 1-2 t r i e u t y K J u n hang nam, hoac khoang 3,2% nang l u g n g t i e u t h u ciia tat ca cac nganh cong n g h i e p tai M y C h i p h i nang l u g n g la m o t phan quan trgng t r o n g c h i p h i k h a i thac m o Cac hoat dong khai thac mo can dugc t o i u u hoa, v i d u n h u nuoc can tieu t h u , sir d u n g co h i e u qua va co the tai sir dung den m i i c t o i da Cac k y su phai ket h g p chat che v o i b g m a y quan l y m o de cung cap cac thiet b i m o sir d u n g nang l u g n g h i e u qua va ca t r o n g qua t r i n h thay the cac thiet b i cu va l o i t h a i D i e u se giai quyet dugc cac m o i quan tain cang tang ciia nuac va su thieu hut nang l u g n g K h a i thac ben v u n g phai la t r g n g t a m c h i n h ciia nganh cong nghiep khai thac m o Co the la tieu t h u nguyen l i e u khoang san h i e n se l a m cho the he tuong lai phai chap nhan m o t t i e u chuan cuoc song thap h o n 12 K h a i thac n g o a i trai dat De m a r o n g n g u o n tai nguyen, k y su k h a i thac m o phai giai quyet n h u n g thach thiic ciia khai thac m o tren cac dai d u o n g v a k h a i thac ngoai trai dat n h u k h a i thac m o tren M a t Trang ciing n h u tren Hoa Quan d i e m ve k h a i thac m o ngoai trai dat la k h o n g the tranh ne, bang nhieu each k h i ta x e m xet viec t h a m khoang k h o n g v u t r i r M a t trang dugc cho la co n g u l n g l e tir l o p v o ciia trai d i t va co nhirng d i e m t u o n g d o n g ve thach hgc va khoang vat v o i l a p v o ciia trai d i t M a t trang co m o i t r u a n g cue k y khac nghiet, k l hoach khai thac dang d u g c vach va m g t t r o n g nhung mat hang chii y e u dugc n h a m t a i la 66 Hpi nghi Cong nghiep khoa hoc kT thudt md quoc te - 2010 md tien tien vi su phdt trien ben vung muc t i e u k h a i thac nguyen l i e u la H e + cte co the dap u n g t i n h trang t h i e u nang l u g n g cho dan so toan cdu Ve ban chdt, la y t u o n g cho rang cac n g u o n tai nguyen t o n tai t r o n g khong gian ben ngoai trai ddt va co l g i the de dat dugc bang each k h a i thac chung N g u o n tai nguyen H y d r o g e n v a H e l i u m ( H e ) co the t h u dugc tren be mat cua M a t Trang V i e c lap m o t t r a m can c u tren be mat M a t trang cung v o i cac hoat d o n g k h a i thac co the + cung cap m o t be p h o n g cho cac buoc t h a m tiep theo t r o n g he t h o n g t h i e n V i vay, nganh cong nghiep k h a i thac m o cua cac nuoc nen chi n h u n g thach thuc k h i khai thac m o tren M a t trang de co the t i m hieu them Cac k y su phai n h i n vao b i e n g i o i m e n h m o n g ciia khoang k h o n g v u t r u la n o i ke tiep de co dugc nguon tai n g u y e n va phat t r i e n dot pha cong nghe de k h a m pha va k h a i thac ben ngoai trai dat 13 Thiet ke dong cira m o M o i m o t m o deu co n g u o n tai nguyen t r u l u g n g g i o i han, k h o n g the d u y t r i hoat dong cua m o vo t h o i han N o dugc sinh ra, co m g t cuoc song h u u han va phai chet D o n g cira mo la m o t thach thirc cho nganh cong nghiep k h a i thac m o C h u n g ta phai n h i n vao cac van de theo chieu sau bao g o m ca viec phuc h o i hien t r u o n g m o va loai bo n h u n g tac dong lau dai den m o i t r u o n g Phuc h o i cai tao co hieu qua m o i t r u o n g m o can tap t r u n g vao muc tieu c h i n h : Phuc h o i l a i dat k h a i thac den m o t m u c l a m hai l o n g cho canh tac, d a m bao cho su on d i n h va an toan cong cong; Dat dugc muc t i e u su dung dat sau k h a i thac da d i n h t r u o c ( P M L U ) Dat dugc muc tieu c u o i ciing ciia cai tao cang t h a m m y cang tot M u c tieu ciia cong tac phuc h o i sau k h a i thac k h o n g phai c h i la bang cong nghe kha t h i , ma hg cung phai dat dugc ca ve mat k i n h te M u c tieu c u o i c i i n g phai dat dugc la san xuat cang sach h o n , v a n m i n h h o n va khai thac m o v o i m o t k h u o n mat m o i D i e u n g u y rang cac quan n i e m bien ve nganh cong nghiep k h a i thac m o la m o t nganh cong nghiep t r i tre va t h i e u sue song, c h i dua vao co bap da thay d o i 14 Phat trien n g u o n nhan luc: De dap u n g n h u n g thach thuc I o n , nganh cong nghiep k h a i thac m o cang phai dua tren m o t d o i n g u cac nha quan l y m o i va luc l u g n g lao d o n g lanh nghe N h u n g anh huong ciia t i n h trang t h i e u k y nang t r o n g san xuat co m o t tac d o n g m a n h t r o n g nhieu l i n h vuc, nhung dang ke nhat t r o n g k h a i thac m o se la: - L a m suy g i a m an toan san xuat; - K h o n g co kha nang de phat trien cac d u an mod v a sang tao t r o n g k h a i thac m o , va - G i a m nang suat, l g i nhuan va kha nang canh tranh H i e n nay, theo t h o n g ke t h i so l u g n g sinh v i e n tren toan cau tot nghiep t r u o n g ve khai thac m o la 4.500 n g u o i / n a m , co nghia la khoang k y su tot nghiep cho m o i 6.000.000 tan khoang san k h a i thac D o la m o t chi so bdt l g i T h a m hut k y nang dugc phan anh la giong n h u v o i t r o n g n g h i e n c u u danh gia R & D t r o n g nganh cong nghiep k h a i thac m o IV Vien canh tuong lai 67 Hoi nghi Cong nghiep khoa hoc ki thudt mo qudc ti md tien tien vi sic phdt triin -2010 bin viing Chung ta can co su h o p tac v a trao d o i tren p h a m v i toan cdu ve n h u n g tac d o n g cua kliai thac m o la rat sau r o n g Co m o t n h u cau l a m cho cac cong t y k h a i thac m o phai co nhung phan u n g t h i c h h o p d o i v o i tac d o n g m o i t r u o n g , xa h o i v a k i n h t l t r o n g hoat dong cua m i n h Cac k y su phai ket h o p v o i cac nha khoa hoc, cac c o so dao tao v a n h i r n g n g u o i khac d l k h u y l n k h i c h v a thuc day cai t i e n khoa hoc, c o n g nghe, k y thuat, v a toan hoc ( S T E M ) Giao due t r o n g cac t r u o n g hoc n h a m tang c u o n g d o n g chay cua t h o n g t i n k y thuat, de cong chung k h o n g chi duoc tiep t h u n h u n g t u n ciia k h o a hoc k y thuat, m a c o n danh gia cao nhung each l a m cua cac nha khoa hoc v a k y su co t r i t h u c - c o n g c u can thiet de dap ung nhu cdu ciia x a h o i N h u n g y e u to quyet d i n h cho s u ben v i m g t r o n g t u o n g lai cua nganh cong nghiep k h a i thac m o toan cau se duoc ciing co bang c o n g nghe t i e n tien de hoa giai day d i i n h u n g thach t h i i c t r o n g t u o n g l a i C h i i n g bao g o m r m u n g v a n de sau: + Tap t r u n g vao cong nghe thong m i n h phuc v u cho t h a m v a xac d i n h tai nguyen; + N g h i e n c u u phat t r i e n cong nghe k h a i thac sach, tiet k i e m nang l u o n g - h i e u qua; + Tap t r u n g vao cong nghe c o k h i hoa t r o n g k h a i thac, de l a m cho cac he t h o n g khai thac lien tuc t r o m o t lira chon kha t h i t r o n g k h a i thac m o ; + G i a m t h i e u chat thai t r o n g k h a i thac v a tai sir d u n g chat t h a i m o t each co trach nhiem v o i m o i t r u o n g ; + Phat t r i e n cac k y thuat cong nghe che b i e n khoang san m o i , bao g o m ca cong nghe sinh hoc k h a i thac v a x i r l y chat thai; + Sir dung cac l o i i c h ciia C N T T de co m o t su thay d o i I o n t r o n g cong nghe k h a i thac va de hien thuc hoa cac muc tieu c u o i c i i n g ciia cac he t h o n g t u d i e u k h i e n V Ket luan Cong nghiep k h a i khoang toan cau dang b u o c vao m o t g i a i doan thay d o i cong nghe tang toe va n h i e u thach thiic can phai d u o c giai quyet N h i r n g thach t h i i c I o n se thiic day kha nang sang tao ciia c o n n g u o i c h i i n g ta D a y la nhirng v a n de m a cac h o i v i e n H o i Cong nghe M o Quoc te phai thao luan de d i den cac giai phap t h i c h h o p N h i r n g thach thirc chi co the giai quyet duoc t h o n g qua cac cong cu d o n bay la c o n g nghe m o i dang duoc sir dung Cac nganh cong nghiep phai d o i mat v o i v o so cac thach t h i i c v a la tam quan k h i e n ho phai d o i mat t r o n g t u o n g l a i de giai quyet n h u n g thach thirc to I o n Tdi lieu tham khdo Botha, J., W a t s o n , S., A r k a d i u s , T and Samosir, E., 0 , S i m u l a t i o n applications at PT Freeport I N D O N E S I A ' S D O Z / E S Z b l o c k cave m i n e , Proc o f th International Conference o n Mass M i n i n g , Lulea, Sweden, pp 237-246 Brobst, T., M e g a n G and D a h l , B , 2008, Update o n the B i n g h a m C a n y o n mine underground studies, Proc o f th International Conference on Mass M i n i n g , Lulea, Sweden, pp 443-452 Fuentes, S and A d a m , E., 2008, Chuquicamata update, Proc o f th underground m i n e p r o j e c t status International Conference o n Mass M i n i n g , L u l e a , Sweden, pp - 470 68 Hpi nghi Cong nghiep Ghose, A K, t f khoa hoc kT thuat md quoc te - 2010 md tien tiin vi su phdt trien ben viing Technology Vision 2050 for Sustainable Mining, International Conference o n M i n i n g Science & T e c h n o l o g y , X u z h o u , 2009 Ghose, A K , M i n i n g T e c h n o l o g y - M a p p i n g the N e w Future, K e y n o t e Address, Institution o f Engineers(India), Hyderabad, 2007 Guerin, T F., 2006, A Survey o f Sustainable D e v e l o p m e n t I n i t i a t i v e s i n the A u s t r a l i a n M i n i n g and M i n e r a l s Industry, M i n e r a l s and Energy- R a w M a t e r i a l s Report, V o l 20, Nos 3-4, pp 11-44 N a t i o n a l A c a d e m y o f Engineering ( N A E ) , G r a n d Challenges f o r Engineering i n the 21st century, U S A , 2008, http://www.engineeringchallenges.org Rajaram, V , Dutta, S and Parmeswaran, K , 2005, Sustainable M i n i n g practices - a global perspective, A A B a l k e m a Publishers, E d i t i o n , pp 87-120,179-188 s t Schippers, A , B i o m i n i n g f o r metal extraction f r o m ore and waste, Proc o f The Congress o n Safety, H e a l t h and N o v e m b e r 2008, pp 111-119 E n v i r o n m e n t i n M i n e s and Related th Industries, 10 Schunnesson, H and K u m a r , U , A u t o m a t i o n o f M i n e P r o d u c t i o n System: Trends i n Technology and I C T A p p l i c a t i o n , Proc o f International Conference o n I r o n Ore Future - the N e x t Decade, K o l k a t a January 2010 11 T i l t o n , J E., 2003, O n B o r r o w e d T i m e ? - Assessing the Threat o f M i n e r a l D e p l e t i o n , E d i t i o n , pp 104-110 s t 69 ... n g ke t h i so l u g n g sinh v i e n tren toan cau tot nghiep t r u o n g ve khai thac m o la 4.500 n g u o i / n a m , co nghia la khoang k y su tot nghiep cho m o i 6.000.000 tan khoang san... thdng tin va truyen thdng (ICT) khai thac m d N e u k h o n g sir dung m d t each rdng rai cdng nghe t h d n g t i n va t r u y e n thdng t r o n g hoat ddng khai thac m d t h i nganh m d k... can phai den h i e n t r u d n g m o N g a n h cong nghiep khai thac m o p h a i t i e n t d i muc tieu ap dung v a t h i c h n g h i tot nhat v d i I C T K h a i niem cd nghia la tir H a N d