Tiếp cận phương pháp nghiên cứu lựa chọn công nghệ xử lý chất thải rắn nông nghiệp theo hướng bền vững tại tây nguyên

Tap chi sd 14, tiiang 6 2015, ti udng Dai hoc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859^611 TIEP CAN PHi rONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU L U A CHON CONG NGHE Xif LY CHAT THAI RAN N 6 N G N G H I E P T H E O HlTCTNG BEN VtfNG TAI TA[.]

Tap chi sd 14, tiiang 6-2015, ti-udng Dai hoc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859^611 T I E P CAN P H i r O N G PHAP NGHIEN ClTU L U A CHON C O N G N G H E Xif LY C H A T THAI RAN N N G N G H I E P T H E O HlTCTNG BEN VtfNG TAI TAY NGUYEN Phan Thi Thuc Uyen', Nguyen Hoang P h u o n g ' Ngay nhan bai: 09/5/2015; Ngdy phan bien tiidng qua: 20/5/2015; Ngay duyet dang: 29/5/2015 TOM TAT Bai bao de cap den tiep can phuang phap nghien ciiu lua chpn eong nghe xii IJ chit thai ran ndng nghiep (CTRNN) ben vOng tai Tay Nguyen Nghign ciiu chii yeu dp dung phuang phap luan danh gia tinh ben vftng ve cdng nghe - Sustainability Assessment of Technologies (SAT) ciia Chuang ttinh Mdi trudng Lign Hpp qudc (UNEP) de xuat nam 2012 nham danh gia cac eong nghe sin cd thdng qua cac chi tieu va chi sd ket hpp cac ygu td mdi trudng, kinh te va xa hpi cbo mdt khu vuc KSt qua eua nghien cuu da dua cac tigu chi, chi sd va so lupc quy trinh dg tign hanh danh gia va lua chpn cdng nghe Tu kgt qua lua chpn nay, cac nha quan IJ cd tiig sii dung cdc cdng nghe thich hop dg xu IJ cac Ioai CTRNN d Tay Nguygn theo hudng bgn viing, biSn chit thdi tai nguyen va nang lupng Tir khda: Lua chgn cong nghi, chdt thdi rdn nong nghiip, bin vimg, Tay Nguyen l.MdDAU Hien nay, linh vuc mdi truang cd rit nhieu phuang phap danh gia khac nham hd tto cho nha quan IJ cdc cdp quyet dinh diing dan ban Trong dd gdm cac phucmg phap luan Danh gia tdc dpng moi trudng, phuong phdp luan Danh gia san xuat sach ban, phuong phap luEin Kigm toan nang lupng, Trong thdi gian gin ddy, dudi su hd tip ciia Bd Khoa bpc vd Cdng nghe cac don vi chuyen mdn Vi$t Nam dang nghign ciiu dua phuong phap luan Ddnh gid ttinh dp cdng nghe vdi muc dich Id nhim xac djnb cdng nghe ciia mdt doanh nghigp hoac nganh ndo dd hi^n dang miic nao so vdi thg giai/khu vuc bay nudc, tu dd cd dinh hudng phdt trign bpp IJ va bieu qua Mpt ttong nbung tien icb dupc UNEP xdy dung la phuang phap danh gid tinb bgn vung cua cdng nghe (SAT) duoc dua nSm 2012 nhim muc dich lira ehpn mpt cdng nghg thich hpp ttong hai hay nhigu cdng nghg dg xuit, ddm bao su bai boa ve mat kinh tg, mdi trudng va xa hdi ciia cdng nghe mang lai Tay Nguyen chu yeu van su dung phuong phdp ddt chua dam bdo vg sinh, gay d nhiem mdi trudng De phat trien ndng nghiep, phdi giai quygt mdu thuin giiia Ipi ich trudc mat, lau dai va dat ttong tdng thg, gan ket hai hda giiia phat trien kinh te - xa hpi vdi bao ve va cai thien mdi trudng Chinh vi vay, can hieu rd cdng nghe vd phuong phap lira chpn cdng nghe Xli IJ CTRNN gdp phan phat trien ben vung NOI DUNG VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Ngi dung nghien ciru Ndi dung nghien ciiu Id tiep cdn phuong phdp luan nghign ciiu lua chpn cdng nghe xii IJ CTRNN, cu the nhu sau: Tdng quan cac phuang phap ludn nghien ciiu Ipa chpn cdng nghe xu IJ CTRNN Xay dung cac tieu ehi va quy trinh ddnh gia lira chpn cdng nghe xu IJ CTRNN ben vung cho vung Tay Nguygn 2.2 Phuffngphdp nghiin cu-u Xu IJ CTRNN ddng vai ttd quan ttpng Bai bao chii yeu sii dung phuong phap nghign bao ve mdi trudng, bdi nd khdng cbi ngan ch?n ciiu npi nghiep (desk research) ttong dd bao gdm: nguy ea gay d nhiem mdi truong tii CTRNN (neu Phuang phap tham khao tai lieu tbii cip vg khdng XLT IJ bo§c xii IJ khdng bieu qua, khdng tdng quan va cac nghien ciiu danh gia phu hpp va diing quy trinb, yeu cdu), md cdn cd the thu hdi vat tinh bgn vung cdng nghe lieu, san pham de tiet kiem tai nguygn thign nhien Ke thira phuang phdp danh gia tinh bgn viing Trong nbimg nam qua, Tay Nguyen da ap dung ciia cdng nghe cua UNEP (2012) dg xay dung cac mdt s6 cdng nghg dg xu IJ chit thai ndng nghiep tieu ehi vd cdc chi tieu de danh gia cac cdng ngbe nhu san xuat phan compost, khf gas meetan, Xli ly CTR>JN tai khu vuc Tay Nguyen Tuy nhien, nhieu vung mang tinh tu phat vd liing tiing ttong vigc I\ra chpn cdng nghe xii ly K E T QUA NGHIEN CUtJ thieh hpp Chii ygu cac phe pham ndng nghiep 3.1 Phuffngphdp tiip can lua chgn cong nghe ThS., Khoa Khoa hoc Tu nhien vd Cdng nghe, tru&ng Dgi hoc Tdy Nguyen ThS., Khoa Khoa hoc Tu nhien vd Cong nghi, trudng Dgi hgc Tdy Nguyen Tdc gid lien hi: Phan Thf Thgc Uyen DT 0919.048.748 E-mail: uyen um@gmail.com 57 Tap chi sd 14, thang 6-2015, trudng Dai hpe Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611 xet va tign hanh sang lpc, xac dmh pham vi va xu ly chdt thdi rdn nong nghiep Cd rit nhigu phuong phap dg danh gia su phat danh gid cbi tidt tiidng qua cac tieu chi va chi sd trien ben viing ciia cdng nghe xii IJ CTRNN nhu chung lien quan den cac yeu td mdi trudng, kinh tg quy trinh san xuat sach hon, phdng ngua d nhiem, va xa hpi (sii dung phuong phap ma tran de danh Xli ly cudi dudng dng va cdng nghe quan ttac, gia) Kgt qua cudi cung cua budc la chpn de tao digu kien xdc dinh vd lua chpn cac cdng dupc cdng nghe tiiich hpp nhat (cd tinh bdn virng) nghg tdt nhat cd the Cac qud trinb ddnh gia cdng ttong cae cdng nghe dupc dua xem xet Cd thg higu cac budc nhd sang Ipc, xdc dinh nghg Id qua trinh ddnh gia cd he thdng, ttong dd cdng nghe dg xuat dupe md ta va danh gia vg thudc pham vi, ddnh gia chi tigt nhu la tiiiet bi sang gdm tinh kJ thudt, dnh hudng ddi vdi mdi trudng, kinh edp dp sang vdi kich thudc ludi khde nhau, tii te-xa hpi, cdc tae ddng ddi voi phat trien bgn vung ldn den nhd dan Danh gia eong nghe xu ly chat thai la qua trinh - Miic 1: Sang lpc (miic thip), eac giai phap, he dua ttgn nhung tigu chi nhat dinb de danh gia, lira thdng cdng nghe khdng thda mdn mpt hosic tit ca chpn cdng nghe phii hpp vdi yeu cau thuc tien cua eac digu kien se bi Ioai ngay, thdng qua eae cau tta CO sd vat chat, giiip trien khai cac bign phap bao ve ldi cd boac khdng mdi trudng cd hieu qua, khd thi - Miic 2: Xdc dinh pham vi (miic trung binb), Cdi thien ban nua ttong cdc phuang phap cdc giai phap cdng nghe sau qua budc sdng tigp can ddnh gia cdng nghg theo tinh bSn viing lpc sg tigp tuc danh gia qua cac tieu chi va chi sd la phuang phdp danh gid tinh ben viing cua cdng cbung thdng qua cac cau tta ldi cao/trung binh/ ngh? (SAT) Phuang phap tap tmng vao ca thip hoae lupng boa bing each cho diem va danh qua trinh va ket qua thdng qua viec xay dung mpt gia bing ma ttan khung danh gia cdng ngbe ma cac khia eanh kinh - Miic 3: Danh gia chi tigt (miic cao), cdc giai te, mdi trudng, xa hpi ciing nhu ky thuat dupc xac phap cdng nghe dupc lira chpn ttong danh gia dinh Phuang phdp SAT dua tieu chi va ehi sd ph^m vi tigp tuc dupc danh gid chi tigt kha thi vg dg danh gid cdng nghe cho cdc ngdnh cu thg, ttong mdl trudng, x5 hdi, kinh tg vd kJ thu§t Kgt qua la cd xu Iy CTRNN mdt danh sach eac lua chpn cdng nghe dupc xgp Phuang phdp ludn SAT dupc phdt ttign thdng theo sd diem qua mpt qua trinh phiic tap ciia nghign ciiu va Bu&c 4: Lifa chgn cong nghi thich hgp Trudc chuygn gia tham vin Cdc budc ciia phuang phap Ioai bd cdc giai phap cdng ngh^ cd diem thap nhu sau: vd/hoac dua quyet djnh cuoi ciing vg lira chpn Bu&c l:Tiin hdnh phdn tich tinh hinh vd xdc cdng nghe Can luu J gidi phap cong nghg cd digm dfnh mgc tieu cua vdn de Trong budc chiing cao nhat cho kich ban hien tai cdn dupc xem xet ta can phdi phan tich tinh hinh thi^c te va xac dinh mpe tieu dat dupc, bao gdm: Thu thdp sd lieu ngn, can than vdi nhung kich bdn khde vi nd eo liy y kign ciia cdc ben lign quan, l^p so va phan thg khdng phdi la lua chpn kha thi Ndi each khac, tieh, Budc gnip nhan djnh vin dg, danh gia cdc lira chpn cdng nghe cd diem thip hon cd thg lai tam quan ttpng vd xac dinb mpe tigu dat dupc tot vdi cdc kich ban khac cd chuyen giao cdng nghe/cac no Iuc xay dung nang luc thich hpp bang each can thiep cdng ngh? hpp !J Bu&c 5: Du dodn kich bdn tuang lai Dg kigm Buac 2: Ddnh gid cdp chien lugc Budc cbii yeu cdc nhd lap kg hoach, hoach dinh chinh tta dp chac chan ciia cac lira chpn cdng ngbe, sach, dai dien dupc biu (tim vT md) thuc hien phuang phap luan tuong tii vdi kich ban tuong lai ttong cdc cupc hpp, thao luan Ket qua ciia cac md phdng dupc dp dung cd the dam bao ring cdng phign hpp nhu vdy se giiip xac dinh cdc tigu chi va nghg dd chiu dupc sir kiem dinh ciia thdi gian chi sd chung cho cap dp boat dpng tii cap dp tdng thg; Hd ttp lap danh sach so lo?ii va xac dinh cdc yeu td thich hpp Btr&c 3: Ddnh gid cdp hogt dgng Budc chii ygu cac ky su vd cdc nhdn vien ky thuat danh gid (tam vi md) cac giai phap cong nghe sdn cd Trong mpt sd trudng bpp, budc ddnh gia cip ho^t dpng cd the Id budc dau tign (co the bd qua budc Iva buac 2) bude can chii J den cac J kien ciia chuygn gia vd thong tin ky thuat Trong budc nay, sS liet ke tat ca cac cong nghg can xem Bu&c 6: Thuc hien quan trdc vdphdn hdi Khi da cd quygt dinh vS lua chpn cdng nghg thich hpp Budc se bao gdmtiiigtkg kJ thuat, diu tiiiu, 1^ dat va dua vdo sii dung Sau dd, lap bao cao kgt qua tinrc bign (quan h ^ ) va danh gid eho cac ben lign quan, cac td chiic cbinh phii va nhGng nha quygt dinh ddng vai trd la co so cho phan tich tmh hinh vdi nhihig dir an tuong Iai va hd ttp quygt dinh Cd thg minh hpa phuong phap lu|n SAT - danh gia tinh bgn vung ciia cdng ngh? qua hinh nhu 58 Tap chi sd 14, thdng 6-2015, trudng Dai bpc Tay Nguygn ( ^ k ^ > van d= can dugc g,a,quy