CHINH TRl GlAO Dgc PHONG CACH HOC CUA SINH VIEN DAO TAO Xtf XA TAI TP HCM Ct\ TRU''''OfNG DAI HOC Md TP HCM TS Li Thi Thanh Thu'''' ThS Nguyen Thuy Nga^ ThS Nguyen Tri Quynh Nga^ T 6 M TAT Nghiin citu dua v[.]
CHINH TRl-GlAO Dgc PHONG CACH HOC CUA SINH VIEN DAO TAO Xtf XA TAI TP.HCM Ct\ TRU'OfNG DAI HOC Md TP.HCM TS Li Thi Thanh Thu' ThS Nguyen Thuy Nga^ ThS Nguyen Tri Quynh Nga^ T6M TAT Nghiin citu dua vdo cdch phdn logi vd bdng hoi VARK de tim hieu vi phong cdch hgc tap (PCHT) cua 261 sinh vien tgi TP.HCM (ghi danh hgc nam 2011) dang theo hgc chuang trinh cirnhdn DTTX (ngdnh QTKD TC-NH, Ki todn, Ludt kinh ti, Xdy dung vd Cong tdc xd hgi) cda Tnrang Dgi hgc M& TP.HCM Kit qud cho thdy 36,8% sinh vien CO phong cdch hgc tap theo mo hinh dan vai da so (14,5%) hgc theo thuc nghiim (K), vd 13% hgc theo cdch dgc (R) Trong 63.2% tong mdu co phong cdch hgc da mo hinh, tuy?t dgi da so hg (84,8%) co khuynh huang diing mgt logi mo hinh ndo (hogc nhin, hogc nghe, hogc dgc hogc thuc nghiem) thugc vdo hodn cdnh cu the chit khong su dung tong hgp cdc mo hinh Nguai hgc theo da md hinh van dua chuyeu vdo thuc nghiem vd dgc Nghien ctru khdng tim thdy khdc biet co y nghia PCHT cua cdc nhom sinh vien khdc biit vi gi&i tinh, ngdnh hgc, trink dg hgc vdn hay tuoi tdc ABSTRACT The study investigated the learning styles (LSs) of 261 HCMC OU distance students at HCMC, who enrolled in 2011 for the Bachelor programs in Business administration Finance-Banking Accounting, Business taw Civil engineering and Social work, basing on VARK questionnaire 36.8% sample had single model with the largest group tended to rely on kinesthetic style (14.5%), then reading style (13%) 63.2% ofthe sample had multi models The muhi model students still applied mainly the combinalion of kinesthetic and reading style and 84.8% of them tended lo use one specific LS depending to the situation, not the combination of various LSs No difference was found either in the LSs among students groups of different gender, age, field of study and academic background I.GIOflTHIEU Nghien cuu v^ phong each hoc tap (PCHT) cua sinh vien Viet Nam chua dupc chu trpng nghien ciiu a mroc, ngoai trir nghien ciiu ve PCHT ctia sinh vien chinh quy nganh tieng Anh cua Nguy&i (2000) va sinh vien Dai hoc Y Dupc TP.HCM cua V5 (2010) ma thoi Nhdm tac gia chira tira thay nghien ciru hay tai lieu lien quan din phong each hpe ciia sinh vien hpe be dao tao tir xa (DTTX) tai cac dai hgc Viet Nam Cac tnicmg co to chuc dao tao tir xa chi co huong d ^ each hoc tir xa, dac biet la each hgc qua mang, lgp tnmg vao huong dan ky thuat lay thong tin, lam bai tgp va thi ctr •' Phd Hifti tmong, Truang Doi hoc Ma TPHCM > Phd tniang khoa Khoa \gooi ngu TYum^ Doi kpcMd TPHCM ' Giang viin Khaa Cdng nghi thong tin Tmong Dqi hfc M& TP.HCM 54 TAP CH; KHOA HQC lUiiONG DAI HQC M d TP.HCM - S6 (30) 2013 nam 1993 vdi 1.300 sinh vien hpe nginh C^an tri kinh doanh Dkn Uuofng da 16 chirc DTTX cho nganh dao tgo v6\ 15 chuyen nganh Tinhriengtrong 10 nam gan day (2003-6/2012), long s6 ngucri dang ky theo hgc da ien ldi 68.170 nguoi tai hau hat cac tinh phia Nam (Hijra, 2010; Vu, 2012) Hien nay, sinh vien DTTX chu yeu la tu hgc qua tai lieu in in nhu giao trinh, tai lieu huang dan hoc tap, slide bii giang, de cuang dn tap va hgc thong qua cac phuong ti?n nghe nhin, phit thanh, kk hgp vai vice huong dan hpe t|ip tren I{Sp hay tnrc tuyen cua giang vien Qua lrinh tuong tac giOa thay va tr6 ldp hgc van dupc thuc hi£n M6i mdn hpe co cac buoi gioi thi?u mon hoc hay 6n tap khpang 10-20 tiet Giing vien din ldp de gap CO s d LY THUYET ngudi hoc, giai dap thac mac, hudng din 2.1 O^ot^o tirxa cich hgc ciing nhu giang giii nhihig ngi Dho tgo tir xa \k mgt qua trinh g i ^ dgc dung quan trgng cSn nam vimg d mdn dd - dao igo mh phan lan hoSc toan 2.2 Phong cdch hpe t^p bp qui trinh giao due - dao tgo co sir t^ch biet giGa ngucri day va nguai hoc vg mat Keefe (1982) xic dinh phong each kh6ng gian hogc/va thai gian (Honeyman hgc tap la mpt thugt ngii vdi nghia r^ng & Miller, 1993) Dao tgo lir xa thuc ddy sir bao ham phong each nhan thirc, chju inh cai md cua nen giao dye, tgo ca hpi cho hudng, cung nhu tiep thu v6 m|t thi chit cac dfii tupng g$p kho khan vh thai gian, Cy Ihe han, James va Gardner (1995) thi dja diem, hoan canh kinh te, tu6i tac, trinh nhin nhan phong each hpe tap li each thiic liep cgn tri thiic Hinh thuc dao (go ngudi hgc tigp nh^, xu l^, luu vi Iruy mem deo, linh hogt tao dieu ki^n cho xuat thdng tin Tir cac djnh nghia khac vi?c hpe tgp suot dai \k giao dye cho mpi nhau, 1^ thuyat nghi€n ciru vd PCHT nguai Tuy nhidn vi phai ty hoc la chinh phong phu vdi nhilu md hinh xic dinh nen nguoi hpe phai nam vung phuong PCHT khic co su chdng lap giDa cac phap hoc, biet sir dung cong nghe va co su khuynh hudng Claxton va Murrcll (1987) chu dpng, ty giac cao Moi truang hpe phan tang cac logi If thuylt vi md hinh tap dpe lap CO the lam ngucri hgc thi^u tap phong each hgc tap nhu sau: trung ya ngai hgc Yi^c uao d6i thong tin (1) Nhdm mo hinh dya vio cac dgc vin thay, bgn chii yeu qua mgng, dien thogi CO Ihk ^ nguoi hpe hilu bai khong th§u diem ca nhan cua ngudi hgc Day li tSng dao va CO cam giac buon ehan Trang thai ciing va hm vimg nhSi nai cac die dan doc cung lam cho nguoi hpe din dilm lam sinh ly ngudi hgc sd xic djnh ua nen thieu nang dpng, ihiiu ly tin vk suy phong each hgc tgp cua mpt cA nhin dd, giam dpng lyc hgc tap (Ta 2009), nhu each hp ty xem xet vdn dl hay thich tham khao y kiln ngudi khac, diln hinh Trucmg Dgi Hoc Ma TP.HCM la nai qua mo hinh phong each hpe ciia Witkin dau lien nuac t5 chirc DTTX vao (Cassidy, 2004) Vai mong muon tim hieu phong each hpe cua sinh vien tiJ xa, nhom tac gia da khao sdt sinh vien tai TP.HCM dang theo hgc cac chuang trinh cu nhan DTTX ciia Truong Dai hpe Mo TP.HCM, cung nhu xem xet lieu co su khac bi^t troi^ phong each hoc giQa sinh vien khac ve nganh hgc, gidi tinh, tuoi l^, va trinh dp hpe van Khi truong co lh6ng tin ve phong each hgc bien cua sinh vien tCr xa, nha truang co the lira chgn hinh thuc to chiic giang day, thiet ke ngi dung bM giang cflng nhu bo sung dich v^i hd trp hpe tip phu hpp cho hoc vien vai nhung phong each hoc lap da duac xac dinh dh t^g ca hgi hpe t|.p hieu qua va cong cho sinh vien CHIM'-'T:?I-GlAO Dye 55 - Mdt sd ngudi tiep thu thdng tin bing thinh giac (thdng thudng dupc hieu la n^e/ndi): Hp hgc hi^u qua nhat vdi cac hinh thiic nhu bai giang, thao lugn nhdm, nghe dai, dien thogi, hogt ddng ndi, chat web Ngudi hgc thieh dgc to, tu ndi chuyen, hp cd xu hudng ndi trudc sip xep cac y tudng Hp cd thi hdi, Igp lgi (3) Nhom md hinh dya vao giao liep nhimg gi ngucri khac da dl cap, bdi vi hp xa hpi thuoc ve ting thu ba la cac dac diem cin phai ndi de tiap thu didng tin bao gdm xu hudng ca nhan ve giao tiep vdi - Mpt sd ngudi tidp thu thdng tin xa hdi cdng nhu mdi trudng xung quanh, qua dpe (thdng Ihudng dupc hilu la nhu each ngudi hgc phan irng, giao tiep dgc/viei): Hp cd khuynh hudng tiep thu trraig ldp hpe, hoae each hg bi kich thich thdng tin qua hudng dan vilt Hp hgc bdi ndi dung mdn hpe hay bdi didm sd tdt tir cac ngudn thdng lin in an nhu cam Dgi dien la md hinh phong each hoc ciia nang hudng din, bao cao, bai giang d GrashavaReichmann(Grasha, 1996) Powerpoint Ngudi hoc thich sii (4) Nhdm md hinh dua \ao khuynh dung internet, cac danh muc tir, tir dian, hudng ua thich phuong phap giang dgy til viet, danh mye tham khao, nao dd Day thuoc ve tang phia ngoai ciing - Mdt sd ngudi tiep thu thdng tin qua cd ve dl t h ^ ddi nhat Mdt sd ngudi hoc thyc nghi?m: Hp danh gia cao nhiing gi hp sS hgc Xot nhat vdi each truyen dat nao do: tilp nhgn duac tir vide thyc hinh Phong cd ngudi thdng qua thi giac cd ngudi la each hoc tap chii yeu dua tren yeu Id nghe/ndi Dai di&i la md hinh phong each thuc te trai nghiem Hp cd khuynh hudng hoc VARK cua Fleming (Hawk & Shah, hoc tir nhihig thyc nghiem, thi nghipm, 2007), hay VAKT ciia Dunn va Dunn bao cao mau, vi dy tinh huong, video, (Cassidy 2004) phim thuc tl (2) Nhdm md hinh dua vio vi?c trao ddi, tiep ihu thdng tin ciia ngudi hoc thugc ve ting kl tiep, chii trcmg den vi?c ngudi hoc tiep nhgn va xti ly thdng tin, vi dy nhu ngudi hpe quan tim den chudi cac su viec hay nhin d toan the khai niam Dai d i ^ la md hinh phong each hgc cua Felder va Silverman (1988) hay Kolb (1985) 23 Mo hinh PCHT VARK Fleming (2001) phin logi PCHT dya tren khuynh hudng each thirc lua chgn each hgc tap, xu ly thong tin, each ua thich duac giang day: tilp nhan thdng tm qua nhin (visual, V), nghe (aural, A), dgc (read, R), va trai nghiem (kinesthetic, K) Tac gia cho ring mdi ngudi cd khuynh hudng thich mgt PCHT nao dd han mpt each vd thiic - Theo Fleming, ngoai viec mpt sd ngudi cd khuynh hudng thfch mdt PCHT nao hem ngudi la thdng ihudng it chi dua vao mdt khuynh hudng hoc nhat, hay md hinh don (chi nhin, nghe, dgc hay thuc nghiem) viec tiep nhan va truyen lai thdng tin Ong chia ngudi cd phong each hgc da md hinh lam logi Logi la ioai diingraptkhuynh hinimg nao dd ttiy thugc vao hoan cinh cu the Logi - Mpt sd ngudi tiep thu thdng tin bang thir hai la logi long hap hg kit hpp 2, thi giac: Hp tiep Ihu thdng tin ldt nhat qua hay ca khu\'nh hudng hpe lai de quyet ban bieu dd hinh ve de diln ta thay dinh, de hpe hay dd trao ddi thdng tin vdi cho viec viel chfi" Xu hudng hoc ngudi khac Hg khdng chac chi dung dua vao h? thdng bang bieu, hinh anh ciing mdt khujnh hudng de hgc va diing thdm nhu cac hinh thuc tuang tu de nhan mgnh cac khu>'nh hudng khac de eung cd ket cilng nhu chuyen tai thdng tin lugn ha> nhgn dinh cua minh TAP CHi KHOA HQC TR J C N G D^I HQC M TP.HCM - S6 (30) 2013 Fleming phat triln cdng cu ludng PCHT VVRK nhim ludng each thiic lua chpn hgc tap, xii ly thdng lin, hay duac giang day bing bang hdi V \ R K (Fleming, 2011) gdm 16 cau hdi va moi ngudi cd thi tra ldi tryc tuyln va cd kei qua xac dinh PCHT (http://w'ww.vark-leam.com/ english/page.asp?p= questionnaire) Nhdm tac gia chpn md hinh VARK viec xac dinh PHCT ciia S VTX vi (1) day la md hinh dupc phd biln rdng rai vi nd dom gian han cac md hinh khac (Coffield, Moseley, Hall & Ecclectone 2004) Hi?n cd bang hdi VARK giup xac dinh PCHT \pic tuyen miln phi nen mpi sinh vidn cd the dl dang tilp cgn (2) Md hinh na\ dya vao su ydu thich hon mpt each tiep nhgn thdng tin, dSc bi?l uong hpe tgp de giup ngudi hpe nhan dien nhanh khuynh hudng hoc tgp cua minh mpt each cy Ihe Tir dd ngudi hoc cd thi cd cac chien lupe hgc tgp phii hpp va giai^ vien hieu ro PCHT ciia sinh vien eg the cd cac phuang phap giang phii hc^ se tao ndn vi^c hoc tap tich cyc hi?u qua d sinh vidn Md hinh vi thd giai quyel mOt each tryc tiep nhat muc tieu ung dung cho Id chiic DTDC ciia nghien cuu PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU Nhdm tac gia ip dyng phuang phap nghien ciiu dinh Iugng va djnh linh Thu thgp dir li^u thdng qua bang hdi Bang hdi gdm 16 cau hdi ddng ma nhdm lac gia djch tir cdng cu ludng PCHT VARK lleng Vi$t nhim gliip ngudi tra ldi xac djnh phong each hpe tap ciia minh (Fleming, 2011) va xay dung them mpt cau hdi md dl sinh vien dl xuat nhftng thay doi ve tai li?u, giao trinh ndi dung bai giing each giang day, dd chuong trinh DTTX phii hpp han vdi phong each hgc cua hg Ddi tuang nghidn cuu ia lit ca 772 sinh vidn tir xa ghi danh hpe tai Trudng Dai hpe Md TP.HCM vao ca dgt nam 2011-(khda 3/2011 va 9/2011), tham du cac budi hudng dan hpe tgp mdn hpe tai dia didm hgc l$p tai TP.HCM cda trudng: dja didm Dao Duy Anh va Doan v a n Ba Nhirng sinh vien theo hoc nganh: Quan tri kinh doanh (QTKD) Tai chinh-NgSn hang K I loan, Luat kinh le, Cdng tac xa hpi (CTXH), va Xay dyng Trong sd 267 bing hdi thu hdi, cd bang hdi bi loai ngudi tra ldi phin hdi dudi 10 cau hdi (sd lupng cau U-a ldi khdng dap ling yeu ciu dl bang hdi VARK cho kit qua) Day la sd lirong tit ca sinh vien theo dy cac ldp gidi thieu mdn hoc thdi gian tir 17/3-15/5/2012 Nhu the mau nghien ciiu gdm 261 sinh vien ciia nganh neu tren va chilm 33,8% ddi tupng nghien ciiu PHAN T I C H KET QUA Cd 261 sinh vien tii xa mlu nghien ciiu (Bang 1), dd sinh vien nganh QTKD ddng nhit, 39,5% Nu chilm da sd hon nam (53,9% so vdi 46,1%) mac dil thuc te sd Iugng sinh vidn nam theo hgc nhilu hon n& Dai da so (87,7%) sinh vien tudi dudi 40 va khac bi$t vd trinh dp hpe vin 60,3% sinh vien da timg qua dao tgo nhu irung cap, cao ding hay dgi hpe Cdng v i ^ lam ciia sinh vien ciing da dang tu nhan vien vin phcmg, kinh doanh den nhan vidn thidt ke xay dung, vien churc nhi nudc, nhung tuyei dai da sd lam cdng viec cua nhin vien thira hanh cap thap Bang So luvng sinh vign tham gia nghien ciru Nganh Xiy dting QTKD TC-NH SLSV dang ky hoc 284 104 66 163 50 105 772 SLSV tham gia n/ciju 103 26 31 31 19 51 261 39.5 10 11.9 11,9 7.3 19.5 100% j % mill nghien ciiu l K6 toan LuatKT CTXH Tong [ CHiNH TR!-GIAO Dye 4.1, Phan tich theo don va da md hinh Han 1/3 (36,8%) sinh vien cd phong each h ^ tap theo md hinh dan va 63,2% theo da md hinh (Bang 2) Gidi tinh, nganh hoc, trinh dp hpe van hay iu6i tac deu khdng cd anh hudng gi vipc chem lua md hinh hoc tap dan hay da md hinh Doi vdi sinh vien cd phong each hpe theo md hinh dan, da sd hp hgc theo phong each thuc nghidm (K), chilm 14,6% tdng miu hoSc la hoc theo each doc (R) chi&n 13% tdng mau Gin nhu khdng cd sinh vien hpe theo khiwnh hudng nhin (0,8%) Khdng cd khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke vide chpn lua phong each hpe theo 57 md hinh don giiJa cac nhdm sinh vien khac biel ve gidi linh nganh hpe, trinh dp hoc van hay tudi tac Trong 63,2% long miu cd phong cich hgc da md hinh, tuyet dai da s6 hp (84,8%) cd khuynh hudng dung mpt logi md hinh nio dd (hoac nhin, hoic nghe, hoac dpe hoic thuc nghidm) thude vao hoan cinh cu thd Chi cd 8,5% ip dyng tdng hap cac phong cich hgc ma thdi Trong khuynh hudng chimg tren the gidi cua ngudi hgc theo da md hinh lgi chii ydu la nhdm long hcrp cac phong cich hpe de lilp nhan vi xu ly thdng lin (http://www.vark-Iearn.com/ english/pageconlent/mu Itimodal ity.htm) Bang Phong c^ch hi^c tap ciia sinh vien phan theo don, da ni5 hinh Phong each hoc Lo?i mfi hinh don So luong SV % long mau 0.8 A 22 8,4 96 SV R 34 13 36,8% K 38 14,6 VA 1,1 VR VK ,4 61SV AR 13 5,0 23,4% AK 18 6,9 RK 25 9,6 ARK 43 16,5 Lo^i mo hinh VAR ,4 54 SV VAK 1.9 20,7% Lo^i mo hinh VRK Lo^i mo hinh Tong V VARK Tong mat] 23.4% tdng mau cd khuynh hudng dua vao md hinh, dd 42.1% sd thudng diing each dpe va thuc nghidm (RK) 20,7 % sinh vidn thude miu nghien 1,9 50 19,2 261 100,0 50 SV, 19,1% ciiu dya vio mdhinh, Uong dd tuyet dai da sd (79,6%) hp dung each nghe, dpe va thyc nghiem dl hgc Co 19,2% sinh vien thugc miu nghien cuu dua vio dii md ^ CHI KHOA HQC TRJONG DAI »QC M6 TP.HCM - S6 (30) 2013 hinh hgc tap Sinh vien dii sir dung 2, hay md hinh phan ldn hp deu dua vao thyc nghi^ va doc Mpt sd cd diing them phong each hgc nghe Trong tirng loai phong each hpe theo md hinh hay md hinh, nhdm lic gia khdng tim thiy su khac bidt cd y nghia thdng kd vi?c cac nhdm sinh vien khac bidt vd gidi tinh, nganh hgc, uinh dg hpe van hay mdi tic chpn lua phong each hpe Tuy nhien chi tiet hda kit qua miu nghien ciiu, thi sinh vidn n& cd khuynh hudng thidn nhieu ve hgc bang each dgc (19,8% mau nghien ciiu hay 37,5 % tdng sd nir), uong nam thidn ve hpe bang thyc nghiem (20,9% miu nghien ciiu hay 44,2% tdng sd nam) Didu tuong thich vdi ca sd dS lipu VARK ciia Fleming (201 l)lrinh biy tai http://'www.vark-leam com Ddi vdi ngudi hpe theo hay md hinh, nam va nO ddng nhit da sd hp (han 40% nam vi nir) hinh nhu ddu thidn nhilu ve sii dung md hinh RK hpe tap cung nhu (hon 39% nam va nii) md hinh ARK Hg ddu cd khuynh hudng sir dung doc va thyc nghi?m nhieu Nhdm tre tuoi nhat thien ve phong each thuc nghiem (43,9% va nhdm trung gian (30-39 ludi) cd phan bd nhu ve phong each hgc theo khuynh hudng thyc nghiam vi dpe Didu mgt lan nifa xac nhan vi?c theo khuynh hudng chung ciia CO sd dtr lidu VARK ciia Fleming (2011) Cing Idr tudi, ty I? ngudi hgc bing each dgc ting Ien va hpe bang thyc nghiam giam Sinh vien tdt nghiep PTTH, TCCN, cao ding hay dai hpe deu cd khuynh hudng su dyng nhidu phong cich hgc thyc nghi?m (vdi 46,9% sinh vien tdt nghidp THPT, 36.4 % sinh vidn tdt nghi?p TCCN, 50% sinh vien tdt nghidp cao ding va 36,4% sinh vidn dgi hpe) Tuy nhien sinh vicn da tdt nghiep dai hpe lai cd mgt sd lupng tuang duang iheo phong cich dpe (36,4%) So vdi cic nhdm sinh vien cd trinh hpe van thap han cd thi I:^ giii rang day la nhdm sinh vidn chiu anh hudng nhieu nhit tir cich hoc tgp dya chu ydu vio vi$c dpe va viet tai lieu, dieu din din tgo ndn va cung cd thdi quen hpe tgp cua hp dua vao dgc Da sd suih vien tir xa tdt nghidp PTTH hay TCCN cd phong each hgc theo md hinh RK (65% vi 42,1%), sinh vidn di tdt nghidp cao ding hay dai hoc da sd lai dua vao md hinh AK(66,7%vi'50%) Tuy khuynh hudng chung la hpe theo da md hinh ldn hon dem ttong mau nghien ciiu va co sd du li?u VARK, sinh vidn nganh CTXH lai cd sd lugng hpe theo md hinh dan ldn han (52,6% don) Sinh vien nganh Luat kinh Id vi QTKD theo phong each dpe nhieu nhat (40% vi 41,5%) NhQng nganh cdn lai ddu cd nhdm ldn nhal theo phong each hpe thyc nghiem Nhung nhdm cd t\' trpng ldn thii hai cua nganh Lual kinh Id va QTKD la nhdm cd phong each hpe thyc nghiem Cic nginh cdn lgi bdn canh nhdm ldn nhat li phong cich thyc nghi?m, thi nhdm cd phin bo Idn thii la nhdm phong cich hgc dpe Ddi vdi sinh vidn hpe theo md hinh, tuyet dai da sd ca nam lan nii, d bat ky dp tu6i nio, trinh dp hpe vin, va nginh dio tgo hinh nhu ddu thien nhidu ve md hinh ARK Hp sii dung nghe/ndi, dgc/viet vi thyc nghiem de tidp nhan va xii ly thdng tin Rieng ve PCHT ket hpp md hinh, sinh vidn nganh QTKD chiem da sd sd lupng ngudi cd PCHT 4.2 PhSn tich khdng theo don va da md hinh Ngoai ra, nhdm tac gii cung thyc h i ^ phan tich dii lieu khdng theo dan, da md hinh ma bang each tinh kdt qua tdng sy lua chpn tirng td V, A, R, K ciia 16 cau hdi bang hdi VARK ciia limg sinh vidn miu nghien ciiu dugc cpng ddn cho tat ca 261 sinh vidn Day ciing li mpt each tac gia VARK trinh bay du lieu Kdt qua nhu sau d Bang 59 CHINH TI5] - GIAO DUG Bang Phong each hoc da man nghien ciru khong theo don, da md hinh V A R j K T6ng So lan chpn 761 1299 1438 1465 4963 % 15,3 26.2 29 29,5 100 Lo^i Du phan tich theo cac each khac nhung ket qua ve mau nghien cthi kha tuang ddng Nhdm cd phong each hpe theo phong each nhin chiem il nhat, 15,3% Theo kit qua thdng ke khuynh hudng VARK mlu nghien ciiu cd phong cich hgc nhin thap ban khuynh hudng chung (Fleming, 2011) rat nhilu (15,3 so vdi 20.6% cua khuynh hudng chung) Khuynh hudng hgc thyc nghiam la khuynh hudng cd sd sinh vien nhidu nhat (29,5%) kd den la nhdm hgc bang each dgc (29%), sau dd la nhdm cd phong cich hoc nghe (26.2%) Dieu niy phu hop vdi khuynh hudng chung nhidn ly le ciia sinh vidn mlu nghien ciru vdi phong cich hpe A, R K deu ldn hon ty lechung (27,8% ciia K, 26.6% ciia R va 25% cua A) KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI Sinh vidn DTTX tai TRHCM cua Trudng Dgi hgc Md TPHCM mau nghien cim cd 36,8% hgc lap theo md hinh dan Trong 63,2% tdng mau cd phong each hpe da md hinh, tuypt dai da sd hp (84,8%) cd khuynh hudng diing mdt loai md hinh nio (hogc nhin hoic nghe, ho^c dgc hogc thuc nghiem) tiiy Ihudc vao hoan canh cu the Ndi each khic sinh vidn lix xa ap dung md hinh dan tidp nhan vi xir ly thdng tin 36.8% sinh vidn dya chinh vao mdt logi phong each hoc va 53,6% sinh vien dua vio mdt phong cich hpe cu thd tiiy Ihudc vio tinh hudng Khoang 2/3 sinh vidn liep nhgn ihdng tin chu ydu tir thyc nghipm (29,5%) vi dpe (29%), Dilu cd the aiih hudng phan nao den each SVTX thich dupc hudng dan ngan gpn trgng tam va khdng qua quan tim ddn dgc them lim hieu nhieu ve mdn hgc Khdng cd khic bipt cd y nghta ihdng ke phong each hgc tap giua cac nhdm sinh vidn khic bidt vd gidi tinh, nginh hgc, trinh dp hgc van hay tudi tac Nhdm tic gia dd xuat kien nghj sau: (1) Kdt qua nghien ciiu mpt lan nifa khang dinh sy can thidt phai bien soan tai lieu hudng dan hgc tap mdn hgc tu xa Sinh vidn cin tai li^u hgc tip dgng in an, ngan gpn, stic lich cd hudng dan, cd vi dy cu the, ed minh hga thuc td (2) Tuy sinh vidn tir xa ty hpe li chu yeu vi hp cd rlt it thdi gian hgc tryc liep vdi giing vidn, nhung hudng dan true tiep lai ldp cho sinh vien, giing vidn nen phdi hgp nhidu ky thuat lrinh bay bii gjing, da dang hda phuang phap giing, de cd the dap img cac each tidp nhgn thdng tin khic ciia sinh vien lir nhtrng PCHT khic va vi?c giiip cho sinh vien hgc tdt hon Tuy nhien giang vidn cd the giang day chinh cho PCHT thyc nghidm, vi theo Galeel (2010), tai lieu hay phuang phap giang dgy nao cd the kich thich sinh vidn cd phong cich hoc tgp thyc nghidm thi cd nhilu kha ning thiic diy tdng thd sinh vien ndi chung (vdi cac phong cich hgc khic nhau) hpe tgp (3) Sinh vien hgc tir xa rit bd ngd va xa la vdi hinh thirc hpe tip tir xa Vi vay, can td chiic tu vin hpe tap cho sinh vien tir xa Bp phan tu van hpe tAp cd thi tu vin them ve each hoc cy thd li nhuTig chien lupc hpe phu hpp cho timg logi PCHT cua sinh vien 3 lAP CHI KHOA HOC THUONG OAI HOC M TP.HCM - SO (30) 2013 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Cassidy, S (2004, August) Learning stj'les: An oven-iew of theories, models and measures Educational psychology, 24(4) 419-444 Claxton, C S.& Murrell, P H (1987) LearningStyles: Implications for Improving Educational Practices ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No Coffield, F., Moseley, D., Hall, E., & Ecclestone, K (2004) Learning Styles and Pedagogy in Post-16 Learning: A Systematic and Critical Review London; Learning and Skills Research Centre Trich tu htlp://www.voced.cdu.au/content/ ngvl3692 Fleming, N D (2001) Teaching and learning styles: V.iRK strategies Christchurch, New Zealand: N.D Fleming Fleming N D 'QCopyright Version 7.1 (2011) Trich tir hltp://www.vark-leam com Felder R.M & Silverman, L K (1988) Learning and teaching styles in engineering education Engineering Education, 78(1), 674-681 Galeet B, (2010) Does a change in mathematics instructional strategies lead struggling third grade students to increase their performance on standardized tests? Unpublished Master thesis: University of Maryland at College Park, USA Grasha A (1996) Teaching with style: practical guide to enhancing learning by understanding teaching and learning styles Pittsburgh: Alliance Publishers Hawk T F & Shah, A J (2007) Using Learning Style Instruments to Enhance Student Learning, Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 5: 1-19 doi: I0.I111/J.1540-4509.2007.00125.X Honeyman M & Miller G (1993) Agriculture distance educalion: A valid alternative for higher educalion? Proceedings of the 20"' annual national agriculture educalion research meeting, 67-73 10 Hiia V D (2010) Dao tao tir xa cung voi sir phat trien cua nha tnrang 20 nam qua Tap ehi Khoa hoc Truang DH M& TPHCM, 2( 17), 27-36 ll.Jamcs, W B., & Gardner D L, (1995 Fall) LearningStyles: Implications for Distance Learning New Directions for Adult and Continuing Educalion, 67- 19-32 l2.Keefe J W (1982) Assessing student learning styles In J W Keefe (Ed.), Student learning styles and brain behaviour VA: National Association of Secondar) School Principals, 1-18 13 Kolb, D (1985) Learning style inventor)' MA: McBer Company 14.Nguyen, T N (2000) Vietnamese teaching styles in EFL classroom at tiertiary level Unpublished Master thesis: La Trobe University Australia 15.Ta T H H (2009) Nhfing kho khan theo hoc tir xa tai Viet Nara va mot s6 de xuit \ c hirong khac ph(ic Kyyeu hdi Ihdo khoa hqc quoc gia vi gido due tic xn lEd.) Ha Noi: Nha xuit ban thj gicri 185-189 CHINH TR! - GIAO DUC 61 16.Vd T N (2010) Learning stv'Ies ofVietnamese medical students Canadian Medical Education Journal / ( I ) , 29-38 17 Vu, V H (2012) Nghidn cihi v i de xuat thyc hien mdt sd giai phap nang cao chit lupng dao tgo tir xa lai Tnidng Dgi hoc Mo TP.HCM Trudng DH Md TPHCM: De lii nghidn cuu khoa hoc cap trudng http://w\vw.vark-leara.com/ english/pagc.asp?p=questionnaire (Ngdy nhdn bdi: 20/11/2012: Ngdy chap nhdn ddng: 19/02/2013) ... Ma TP. HCM la nai qua mo hinh phong each hpe ciia Witkin dau lien nuac t5 chirc DTTX vao (Cassidy, 2004) Vai mong muon tim hieu phong each hpe cua sinh vien tiJ xa, nhom tac gia da khao sdt sinh. .. tdng thd sinh vien ndi chung (vdi cac phong cich hgc khic nhau) hpe tgp (3) Sinh vien hgc tir xa rit bd ngd va xa la vdi hinh thirc hpe tip tir xa Vi vay, can td chiic tu vin hpe tap cho sinh vien... cu the Ndi each khic sinh vidn lix xa ap dung md hinh dan tidp nhan vi xir ly thdng tin 36.8% sinh vidn dya chinh vao mdt logi phong each hoc va 53,6% sinh vien dua vio mdt phong cich hpe cu thd