MOT SO VAN DE VE PHONG CACH HOC TAP CUA HOC VIEN HE VITA LAM VITA HOC O TtiS H O A N G T I ^ N D U N G '''' 1 Phong cdch hpc Idp (PCHT) dugc tdm li hoc quan tdm nghi ln eOu odt ddu tO nhCmg de xud''''l eOa[.]
MOT SO VAN DE VE PHONG CACH HOC TAP CUA HOC VIEN HE VITA LAM VITA HOC O Phong cdch hpc I d p (PCHT) dugc tdm li hoc quan tdm n g h i l n eOu odt ddu tO nhCmg de xud'l eOa ede nhd Idm li hpe nhdn thO'c v l cdc «kieu nhdn ihuc" eua cd nhdn Cde cdng frinh nghien euu PCHT rdt phong phu vd da dgng frIn n h i l u binh d l l n , li thuyet cung nhu thyc hdnh N h u n g t i n hrdi ndi t i l n g frong linh vyc ndy nhu Ken Dunn, Rita Dunn, Grregorc, Kold, Myers Briggs, Guiford, Briggs, Perter Honey Hoc tinh, cd khoang ddu sdch v l PCHT xud't bdn tgi MT vd Canada 0 bdi bdo ddng fren edc dn phdm khoa hgc v l ndi dung ndy vd hon 0 website dong hoqt dgng nhdm li/dng vd phdn logi PCHT ( ; 12J N d m 0 Trung tdm n g h i l n cuu hpe tdp (HT) vd kT ndng tgi A n h d d ddnh 16 thdng d l Hm h i l u cdc li thuylt PCHT dang dung frIn m l gidi h i l n nay, v d hpe eho i h ^ rdng cd 100 md hinh khdc (2; 139) Cdc cdng frinh nghien cOu v l PCHT eho thdy sy d a dgng frong t i l p cdn vdn ^ ndy Ellis (1985) mieu td mot PCHT nhu Id mdi cdch thue n h i l u hode it hgp hon md mdt cd nhdn t l l p nhdn, khdi ni?m hod, i d chuc vd tdi h i l n ede thdng Hn Kem Dunn vd Rifri Dunn (1979) quan niem PCHT Id mot thudt ngiJ de m l l u td sy khde biet giua nhOng ngudi hgc frong vile su- dyng mdt hoy nhieu gide quan de H i p nhdn, td chuc vd luu giU thdng Hn (3; 14), frong Gregore cho rdng PCHT Id nhijng hdnh vi bleu h i l n ben ngodi rdt rd rdng v d ed t h i quan sdt dugc nhi/ng hdnh vi ndy cho ta bidi cdch thuc H i p nhdn, phdn tich vd sdp xep Ihdng Hn (3; 14) Davdson (1990) khdng t^nh PCHT Id nhung edeh thi>e dde Irung cOa cd nhdn frong v i l e chlem Irnh xO li vd luu g l u thdng Hn (3; 15); Felder vd Silerman (1998) nhd'n mqnh PCHT Id nhiJng cdch ihuc ngudi hge Hep nhdn thdng tin vd x u li nhung thdng Hn duge H i p nhdn (3; 15) Keefe |1979) Igi cho rdng PCHT Id nhi/ng dqe diem nhgn thuc, xOc cdm, sinh li tuong ddi dn dinh eho ihd'y ngudi hge Hep nhdn tucmg tdc vd phdn ung vdi mdi frudng HT nhu t h i ndo (3; 15) Tap chi Blao due s6 (fci i • 3/aoia) TtiS H O A N G T I ^ N D U N G ' Dya frIn quan niem v l PCHT viec phdn logi PCHT cung rd't da dgng Theo nghien euu cua Trung tdm nghiln euu HT vd kT ndng tgi Anh cd mdt so nhdm PCHT ddng ehu y sou: If PCHT dya vdo /e'u t6 gen - mdi trudng Dde diem chung eOa ede li thuylt theo nhdm ndy de cho rang PCHT b i n vi>ng rdt khd ihoy ddi frong sudt eupe qt kT ndng mdi hode nhgn duge kiln ihuc mdi Cde HV rdt thyc t l frong cddn H ^ edn ddi vdi vile HT Hg mudn b l ^ chuong trinh ddo tgo se giup hp nhu the ndo frong viec gidi quylt nhiJng vudng mdc frong cdng tdc vd thdng Hen nghl nghilp Trong thyc te, fhdng qua viec tu vw» HV c6 t h i duge ihuy^ phyc hpc mdt dieu gi dd cho luong loi, song ho se hpc lot hon hp cd the mong dcjri nhi/ng Igi ich trudc nf>dt Dieu ndy cung cd nghTa Id HV ludn mudn hpc dugc dieu gi dd ti/ mdi budi hpc Hp dugc ihue ddy bdl cdm gide Id hp dd nhgn dugc mdt dieu gi dd cd ich tu chuong frinh ddo tgo Cd le vi the, HV it thu vdi nhung bdi gidng qud nhilu li ihuylt vd kiln thuc eo bdn Hp se thyc hiln cdc nhilm vy HT mot cdch tdt hon neu bdi gidng duge trinh bdy m ^ cdch don gidn vd di ihdng vdo d i l u hg mudn hpe Tinh ung dyng vd nhung fhyc hdnh frong HT cung Id dde d i l m HT cuo cdc HV hpc frong mdi frudng VLVH Cdc HV thyc tdp dteu hp da hpe duge vd filp tye su dyng nd, vile HT vd fri fri nhd se coo hon Dieu ndy phu hgp vdi ket qud n g h i l n euu v l HT cOa HV ngudi Idn Cdc nghien euu dd ehi rdng n l u ngudi Idn khdng cd CO hdi dugc tham gio mdt cdch tich eye vdo HT, sou mdi ndm hp se q u i n dl 50% nhung gi hg d d hpc theo edeh thy ddng bdng edeh chi doe vd nghe Sou ndm hge se quen 80% Trong ihyc t l Tap chi Giao due so (kii-s/aon) mgl so nghien cuu cho ihdy frong vdng lleng ddng hd no se quen di 50% nhung gi hp dd nghe dugc d nhung ngdy trudc d d Sou hjdn, hp se quen 25% N h u vdy, HV hgc frong mdi frudng H\ VLVH se hgc td't hon n l u hg dugc tham gia tfeh eye vdo qud frinh HT Hg cdn dugc khuyen khieh thdo ludn mot vd'n d l , nghT bien phdp gldl quyet vd thyc tdp mdt kT ndng vd co hpl su' dyng nhi/ng gi hg d d hgc dugc frudc hp quen di hode gqt bd frong fri nhd Tuy nhien, nhijng nhiem vy HT dugc ddt ro vdi HV phdi Id nhi/ng vd'n de hien thyc, gdn l i l n vdi ddi sd'ng vd cdng v i l e eOo hp D i l u ndy xud't phdt h> dde d i l m HT cuo HV Id hay lien he viec HT cua hg vol d i l u hg dd b i l t HV Id nhung ngudi d d c6 kinh n g h i i m eude sdng vd loo ddng nghe nghiep E>d Id vd'n quy nhung eung ed t h i Id rdo cdn ddi vdi HV qud trinh HT N d Id vdn qu;J' hp cd nhieu co hdi t i l n h i v i l e HT mdi vdi cdi hp dd biet Id rdo Wil k i l n thue mdi khong lien he gi den k i l n thue eu Nhin chung, v i l e HT cOa HV dugc t h i l t ke trIn phdng n I n nhi/ng dieu md hg dd biet HV VLVH HT tdt hon tong mdi trudng khdng ehinh thuc vdi sy da dgng ve phuong phdp gidng dgy Cde nghiln euu ve HT cOo HV ngudi Idn chi ro rdng, neu moi frudng qud gid'ng mot Idp hgc, ede HV ngudi Idn se khdng hge tdt bdi nhieu HV Idn tudi ed nhung k? n i l m khdng Idy gi Idm li thu Idm ve nhifrig cdn ngdi frIn ghe nhd frudng; nhiJng ngudi khde Igi cdm t h ^ hp d d tdt nghiep phd thdng Mdt khdc, hp se hpc tdt hon n l u mdt y tudng dugc trinh bdy theo nhieu kieu khde nhau; hode ndi cdch khdc, Ichl thdng tin den vdi hp thdng quo nhieu k i n h , chu khdng phdi chi mdt kinh Tdt nhien, phuong phdp dugc ung dyng se phy thudc vdo d i l u se duoc dpy vd edc muc tieu mong muon Dpng luc HT ddi vdi HV VLVH Id ihdnh h;u HT cuo hpc dupe the h i l n qua nhung thoy ddi edng v i l e eua hp frong vd sou hodn thdnh nhiem vy HT khdng phdi Id diem so HV mudn b i l t hp dang Idm nhu the ndo, hp da Hln bd nhu t h i ndo hen Id diem sd Hp c6 f h l vd se ty ddnh gid sy tien bp cOo minh Mdc PCHT Id nhung dde trung rilng cOa cd nhdn qud frinh H i p nhdn x u li vd phdn tieh thdng Hn frong ede Hnh hudng HT, hry nhien PCHT khdng phdi Id cdi khdng thay ddi dugc PCHT dugc hinh rfidnh d y a frIn eo sd eOo nhijng yeu to tdm sinh li ed nhdn nhung quan frpng hon vdn Id nhung tdc ddng dqy hpc nhdm tpo dyng mdi frudng vd hoqt ddng HT eho ngudi hqc Chinh Tap chi Slao due s6 (ki i • 3/aoia) frong vd bdng v i l e thye h i l n hogt ddng HT dugc td chue ndy md PCHT cOa HV duge thay ddi Ve phuong dien ed nhdn HV hpc mdi frudng VLVH, cdc yeu td ed nhdn sou cd tde dpng tich eye den PCHT cua hp: - Ki ludt doi vdi chinh bdn thdn Bdn thdn ngudi hgc thudng khdng cd quyet tem coo, mief mdi vdi viec hpc neu nhu Widng cd oi hope d i l u gi rdng bupe hp phdi lam nhu vdy Cho n I n , ngudi hpc cdn phdi ty r i n cho minh mdt due Hnh ty gide HT thudng xuyen nghiem Kic, hoy ndi edeh khdc Id phdi ed ki ludt dd'i vdi chinh bdn thdn minh - Sy Idilem tdn Trong mdi trudng HT, ed mot sd ed nhdn ty cho minh Id thdng minh n l n thudng ud \y Hn vd h/ hdo ve bdn thdn minh - cd l i hp khdng be cd li d l Idm nhu vdy Dieu ndy ed the Idm dnh hudng d i n thdnh Hch v l sy hdi hda cdc mdi quan he cd nhdn sou HT Nen CO thai dp cdu thj, chdm chu vd Idng nghe mpi ngudi, ngudi se Uodn hdo hon - Sy ehuyen can/sue ben Nhieu ngudi ehuo thdnh cdng hp b i l t rdt nhieu, Idm dupe xudt sdc nhieu thu nhimg ehi Idm mpt Idn rdl thdi Trong xd hdi h i l n dpi ngdy nay, md ed qud nhieu sy lya chpn frong cuoc sdng eung nhu mdi frudng HT, ngudi hpc se nghT den v i l e bd cuoc hp thdt bpl, hode hg se ddu h/ it hon, de ddnh sue eho viec Hm k i l m mdt eon dudng khdc N h u vdy, vd Hnh hp dd Heu ton khd nhieu thdi gion eho viec sua sal cua bdn ihdn minh Thay vi Idm nbOng viec d d edn phdi c6 sy ben bi frong HT, khdng ngqi kho khdn edn xdc djnh dupe myc tieu vd se Idm di Idm Ipi cho den thdnh edng Cung nhu viec thi trupt Idn mdt, se hpe thi Ipi Idn thu 2, thu 3, thdm ehi thu den klii dot thi thdi - Khd ndng phe hinh/tiep thu y klen phe binh Cdn phdi that binh Hnh vd chju khd Idng nghe nhi/ng d i l u nhieu khong duge em di bj p h i binh Bdi qua nhiJng ldi phdn tich, gop y thdng thdn v l ehuyen mdn, kien thue d d , to hgc vd nhd dugc n h i l u hon Id chi dpe don thudn, vd hon nCra cd phe binh thi se ed Hen bd - Sy fy tin Bdn thdn ngudi hgc thudng thy ddng frong v i l e hpc, thudng it dua nhung y k i l n ed nhdn trudc tap the Idp n l u nhu khdng cd sy gpi md cuo gido v i l n Trong qud trinh HT, t i l p thu, iTnh hdi kien thu'c, HV hdy mgnh dqn bdy td nhung quan d i l m cOa minh vol bgn be vd vdi cd giao vien cOa minh; hdy hdi nhung gi cdm t h ^ ehuo chdc chdn Thyc Hen giao tie'p vdi cdc gidng v i l n tgi ede ehuong trinh d y dn nude ngodi S cho Ihay, ho rot hay h61 vd nhilu cdu hoi rat dqng v6 hoc biio, Uiie'n ngvKli tra^loi phal lien hjc l o n g noo 6e 6va dap a n ; dong thdi, bdn than nguai hot cung se hpc duoc rot nhanh ihong qua nhung cau tra lol thuc tien • Tinh chinh tn/c Irong hoc ihugl chinh la tinh ty giac, tu he viec tiep thu kjen thCrc va hoan thdnh viec kiem tro ddnh gid kl^n thuc tiSp Ihu diroc mdt cdch nghiem liic ngoy cd c6 sv gidm sdt hay khdng co su gidm sdt - NghT mgl each khac ngual/co tinh dgl pha chinh Id su ndng dong, sdng tgo cuo bdn than Sv nang dong the h i | n viec c6 t h i son sdng ddm nhdn vd hodn thdnh lo't nhieu loal hinh cong vl?c co quan, dde biet Id nhiJng dau viec phuc Iap,lih6 khan Sy sdng tgo t h i hien dvlec khong ch! man cdn cong viec, md tu minh tim ro duoc nhung hudng dl mdi, nhOng^ cdch gidi quyet thugn lot cho cong viec vd ludn the hiSn duoc quan diem cua cd nhdn cong viec phdn tich thdng tin cdc tinh huo'ng HT De dot thdnh tuu HT cao, HV VLVH can cd nhOng P ( : H T phu hop PCHT ndy dugc phdt t r i l n mdi trudng HT tgi TTGDTX vd di/a tren su ren luyen cuo moi HV • (1) Nguyin Th) D6 Quyfin Phong cdch h(ic tfip vd dnh kuing cua nd din khii lufmg g^i nh& lit vioij liing Anh ciia hQC sinh l&p TP Di Ndng Lujn van thac si Tam li, Trudng D^i tiQC su ptiam H i NOi; lr,10 H2IX)8 (2) Understanding your learning styles Ldpride.net, HV he vCro hgc vCra Idm Id HV da trudng thdnh, c6 nhieu kinh nghiem cuoc sd'ng vd lao dgng n g h l nghiSp Hogt ddng HT cua hg tgi cdc TTGDTX duoc thvc hien theo nhimg PCHT xdc djnh Id nilOng phuong phdp, cdch thuc dde trung rieng Clio cd nhdn qud trinh tie'p nhdn x u li vd Ngh! quyet Hoi ngtij (Tiep iheo trang 64} luc tdi ndng da dang vd toy nghe coo de ddng gdp cho cdng dong ASEAN Can phdi trang bj cho gido vien cung nhu tgo dieu klen d l Kg dugc tiep can vol cdng nghe gido due tien lien quo dd to'i da hda ca hdi hoc vd dgy hgc j L-' Mdc du quan niem v l gido dye chat lugng cao c6 the khdc giCro cdc nude ASEAN, cdn phdi xay di/ng chudn v l gido due chat luong cao cho ASEAN dO linh hogt de thieii urig vol nhung dieu chinh tuong lai mdi trudng moi cung nhu dieu kien phdt trien vd ddi moi tiSn t i l n hda gido dye Cdn phdi dgt ti le so' gido vien/hgc sinh hop if de * i t gido due chd't lugng cao De ndng cao chd't lugng nhd gido,, can tdng cudng bdo v6 quyen, k?i ich vd phuc Igi de hg cd khd ndng gidng dgy hudng toi tu ndng cao nghiep vy vd thdng lien frong cdng tdc De CO mgt nen gido dye chd't lugng cao, edn phdi cd che luong va phuc Igi cho nhd gido hop li phdn anh dung cdng sue ddng g6p 2008 (3) NguySn Quang U5n (chij bien) - Tr^n HiJu Luygn TrSn QuO'c Ttiinli Tilm 11 hpc dai cuimg NXB Bpi hQc qu6c gia Hd Ndl, 2001 Tai li^u tham khSo NguySn KJ Phiwng p M p day hpc tfch c m Uy hpc sinh 14m trung t4m NXB Gido dfic, H 1996 SUMMAIiY Based on the conception thai study slyle Is typical personal methods and ways In the process olreceiving, processing and anatyzhg Information In study situations, the article generalizes some study charoclerlstics of students of part-time program and determines personal elements of students In forming appropriate study style In the part-time study environment In continuation educational centers eua hg cho x d hgl vd ndng cao vj the cOo nghe gido xd hgl KSu g o i : Cdn phdi thu hep khodng cdch gluo cac nuoc ASEAN vechdtluongcungnhu chudn trora gido due bang cdch dua tieu chi vd chudn chung cho gido due ASEAN, dde biSt Id hS thdng qudn li thdng tin gido dyc,^nghiep vu Hen luong, dgo due nhd giao vd quyIn cua nhd gido ' Cdc nude ihdnh vien ASEAN can phdi tiep tue no luc dgt nhieu thdnh ti/u hon niia, nhu da neu irong nghj q u y l t cua cde ki^ACT fruoc, d l ddm bdo tri no li(c vd tien bg huong tdi mdt nen gido dye chat lugng coo Tdng cudng dau tu vdt chat de phdt trlSn L i gido, _ : j ^ - coi —: ddy £;„, Id iA chinh ^kinU sdch cnrh uu ml ti&i l i ^ CUQ nghe eua moi qud'c gio thdnh viSn d l phdt friln dot ngu nhd gido vd dot gido dye chd't lugng coo Cdc td chuc cdng dodn gido dye ACT tich cue luySn h u y l n vdn ddng ndi dung nghi quyet cdc kl ACT d moi quoc gio eug minh Bdn nghl quyel dugc Chu llch dng Brunei, doan - f r u d n g 6odn cac nuac Campuchia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Phlllplnes^ Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam, Han Quoc ihdng qua vd ki U Tap chi Slao due s6 281 (n i • / M » ) ... i l n mdi trudng HT tgi TTGDTX vd di/a tren su ren luyen cuo moi HV • (1) Nguyin Th) D6 Quyfin Phong cdch h(ic tfip vd dnh kuing cua nd din khii lufmg g^i nh& lit vioij liing Anh ciia hQC sinh