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J ^ NOnEN cflu THUC TiNGUn DUC TIM HIEU PHONG CACH HOC TAP CUA SINH VIEN TRU1DMG DAI HOC RACH KHOA HA N O I BUI TH! THflY HANG 1 M N M kfc Bich HMO HO Hd Email liullhltlWTlMogenlNo com N G U T I N THj[.]
J ^ NOnEN cflu THUC TiNGUn DUC TIM HIEU PHONG CACH HOC TAP CUA SINH VIEN TRU1DMG DAI HOC RACH KHOA HA N O I BUI TH! THflY HANG - M N M kfc Bich HMO HO Hd Email: liullhltlWTlMogenlNo.com N G U T I N THj HUUNG GIANG -TnNMBolllfC BOchUwoHON(l Email: nlliglang.$«feieflMall.com Tdm tdf: Bii vlit trinh bdy kit qui xep logi phong dch hgc tip da sinh viin Truing Op/ hpc Bich khoa Hi Nii vd thdng qua vlic phin tich kit qui diiu tra khio sit nay, bii vift dUa dinh hudng vi vifc td chdc dpy hgc cho phi hgp vdi timg nhdm ddi tuang Kft qui khdo sdt trfn 216 sinh vifn (36 ndvi 180 nam) thudc cic chuyfn nginh khic nh cho thiy phong dch thuc hifn li phong dch phii hap nhit, tiip din Id phong cich phit hiin Phong deh ddl khing f phong dch It dupe lua chpn nhit, phong dch tii hiin ti khing phuhpp vdi toin t>i ddi tuang khio sit Die diim da timg phong cdch hgc tip sf dupe phin tich, trfn casd di bdi vift sf dUa dc dixuit cic mii tnidng hpc tip phii hg vdi timg nhim ngudi hpc TUkhia: Phong dch hgc tip; sinh viin; mi hinh djnh hUdng hgc tip; mii tn/dng hgc tdp (Nhdn bdi ngdy 08/8/2016; Nhpn kft qud phin bifn vd chlnh si/a ngdy 06/9/2016; Duyft ddng ngdy 27/10/201 Oft v i n d l Mdi ngudi hpe cd mdt deh thde rilng vifc tilp nhin v i xd II thdng tin Cic d c h thde rilng niy d i t?o nin sy da dang v i phong phd v l phong deh hgc SU da dang v l phong cich hpe khdng chf dupe tao bdi sy khie bift v l die dilm sinh hpe eda ngudi hpe (ylu td thin kinh, t h i c h i t ning lye nhin thde ) m i cdn phy thude vio nhilu ylu td khic (mdi tmdng vin hda, x i hdi, thdi quen, hdng thu, sd thfch ) Cd ngudi hpc hpe t|p theo phong deh chd ddng, tfch eye Hp dam m l tim tdi, khim phi, ty d i t cie myc tilu, lip k l ho?eh v i nd luc d l dat dupc myc tilu Cd nhflng sinh viln (SV) thfch tranh luin, hpp tic vdi nhflng ngUdi xung quanh d l thu thip kiln thde hinh thinh v i phit triln ki ning Ngupc I^L cd nhdng SV thich cich hpe thy ddng, ngai tranh luin, d l ding chip nhin nhdng nhifm vy dpn giin, dupe dit bdi ngudi khic n l ttinh nhdng khd khin, thd thich Vifc hpc cua nhi/ng ngudi niy ludn gin vdi sich vd, it vupt ngoii khudn khd eua mdt Idp hpe hay mdt ehUPng trinh ey thi Vifc day hpe khdng bao gid dat hifu qui cao nlu ngudi day khdng xie djnh dupc phong cich hpe t i p cua ngudi hpe Chl xie djnh v i phin loai dUpc phong cich hpe t i p cda ngudi hpe ngudi day mdi ed t h i Ida chpn v i dilu chlnh eic phupng phip v i hinh thdc td chdc day hpe phu hpp vdi tdng ddi tupng, nhlm giup ngudi hpc d?t dupe cic myc tieu hpe tip Ndi dung bii vilt ttinh biy kit qui xIp loai phong deh hpe t i p cda SV Tmdng Oai hpe Bich khoa Hi Ndi v i thdng qua vile phin tich kit qui dilu tta khio sit niy, bii vilt dUa djnh hudng v l vile td chdc day hpc cho phd hpp vdi tdng nhdm ddi tupng 72*nHiAH9CCiloDMC Mdt sd v i n d l cp sd If l u i n v l phong cich hpc tip 2.1 Khit nilm phong cich hpc tip Nhilu nhi nghiin cdu dua cic djnh nghia khic v l phong dch hgc tip Cd t h i din dly mdt vii djnh nghTa cua d e nhi nghiin edu tilu bilu: - Phong d c h hpe t i p l i cich thde mdl ngUdi bit diu chCi •!!, xd II, thu nhin v i t i i hifn ndi dung kiln thik mdi (Dunn R and Griffs S) [11 - Phong cich hpc t i p l i nhijmg d|c trUng v l mjt nhin thde tinh hifu qui v i eic hinh vi t i m II hpc cd liln quan, mang tfnh dn * n h , ehl din chp ngudi hpc cich tilp nhin thdng tin, tuong tic vdi thdng tin v i phin ilrtg lai mdi trudng hpc t i p (Keefe) [2] - Phong d c h hpe t i p l i cic d|e dilm t i m li tuong ddi bin vdng cua eon ngudi mdt sd khia e?nh nd cd t h i thay ddi d l dip dng kinh nghifm v i ddi hdi cda cic tinh hudng khic (Cassidy) [31 Tdm l^i, cie djnh nghia v l phong deh hpc t|p c6 t h i khie v l cich bilu dat Tuy nhiln, xlt v l ndi him cda khii nilm, phong dch hgc tip l i "nhOng die diim rifng ci tinh Uu thf, tuang dii bin vCfng da cd nhin quy djnh dch tifp nhin, xilll, luu glCfvi phin hii thing tin mii trudng hgc tip' [4] 2.2 Mi hinh phong dch hpc tip Cd t h i phin chia d e md hinh phong deh hpe tip lim ba nhdm diln hinh, vdi d e tilu chl phin loai khic nhau: - Phin logl dpa trin dpc difm tim, sinh, Hda ngUtt hgc (md hinh dya trln tinh d c h cda Myers-Brlggs (51 dya trln If tri cda Gregore [61, md hinh "Whole Brain*ciia Herrmann) [71; - Phin logl dpa trin phuong phip vi chifn lupc hgc NGMDi cflu n M : TiN GUO ouc " ^ fdp mi ngudi hpc thudng sddung (md hinh phong deh Oic bift nhdm ngudi hpc niy la nhdng ngudi hpe tip theo tilp d n hf thdng cua Pask [8], md hinh cua thudng hudng den nhdng kl hoach ngin han, cd Enttwistfe [91 vl phuong phip hpe tip, md hinh eua Kolb ning dip dng cic muc tilu vi nhifm vu hpe tip d mde [101 ve phin loai ngudi hpc dya tten trii nghiim, md trln tmng binh hinh eua Honey vi Mumford) [11) -Nhim ngua hpc (than vt) tiihiin: Nhijfng ngudi hi - Phdn topi tdng quit (md hinh f^lder-Silverman vl ttiupc nhom niy phy thudc qui nhilu vio mdi trudng phong dch hpc tip, md hinh hudng hoc tip LOM cua va d c mdi quan he xa hpi Hp thfch dya vao sU chl dan ^ Martinez) [121 cy the va tdng budc cua ngudi thiy Hp ed it ki ning hpe 2J Mi hinh hUOng hpc tip (Learning Orientationtip, phy thudc vio nhdng mdi trudng cd sU hudng din Model, LOM) vi cd d u ttuc Hp ft hdng ttiu ddi vdi vile tciem soit vi Martinez M d l xuat mi hinh hudng hoc tdp (Learningquin li^vilc hpc tap cda bin tfiin hay khdi xudng nhdng j^ Orientation Model LOM) Day la mdt md hinh hoc tap thay ddittongmdi trudng hpc tip ^ dinh cho ngudi Idn nhlm xem xet cie tie ddng tao sU Nhdm niyttiudnggap khd khanttongnhflng mdi ^ khie bift hpe tip cua mdi cinhin tn/dng hpc tip md ylu d u sy kiem soit tim hilu vi Gin diy nhflng nghiin cdu Iinh vuc khoa hpe khim phi tdi da cda ngudi hpc hoic giii quylt nhflng ^^ thin kinh da chl rd sU phflc tap boat ddng cua nio v i n d l phde tap bd tuong tie d e mdi trudng vi tinli hudng hpc - Nhim ngum hpc (thiln vi) doi khing: So vdi t|p ey thi Nhdng khim phi niy di phit hiln sU efii phdi manh ml euatinhd m , y chi, dc yiu td xa hdi vi sU d c ddi tupng ngudi bpc khic nhdm niy cd it nilm tin da dang dch hpe eda mdi ngudi din vile tipc tip hon Hp ed the nghi ngd nhflng gii trj cua vile hoe tip (khdngtinring vifc hpe tip vi d e thinh tfch lioe tip ed hgn d nhflng ylu td vl nhin thde Kit qui nghiin edu • l i CO sd cho thilt kl day hpe, vi tao phuong phip thi giup hp dat dupe myc tilu ei nhin hoic khdi diu cho nhflng thay ddi nhu mong mudn) hoic khdng chip •^ luin vi de chiln lupc d l d thi hda vi|c hoe tip nhin nhflng muc tilu dupe thilt lip bdi ngudi khic Md hinh hudng hpc tdp md t l cic die tinh, cic Inh hudng vi eic mdi quan hf gida ylu td d u tnic ehinh: (myc tieu eua hp miu thuin vdi d e muc tilu hpe tip 1/ Cie khia eanh d m xuc vi ddng co; 2/ Kl hoach chiln dupe thilt lip hoic hd trp bdi ngudi khie) Nhdm niy thudng xuyin phii chiu dyng nhflng lupc vifc tudjnh hudng vi cam kit nd luc hoc tip3/ Sy ty quin hpe tip Cl ba ylu td niy ed inh thit vpng tiong thdi gian dii vi lip di lip iai td nhflng hudng rlt Idn din phuong phip hpe tap ndi chung eua thit bai mi hp gip phii Hp cd thi khdng tin vio nin * ci nhin Md hinh niy dua nhdng II giii vl sU khie bilt giao dye chfnh thdng hoic dc td chdc hpe tip mie du CO bin hpc tip vi gpi y cic chiln lUPc piiu hpp vdi nhdhg td chdc niy li d n thilt tfiu vj vi ed inh hudng nhu clu hpc tip cua nhflng ngudi hpe cd d e kilu hpe tfch eye cudc sdng cua hp tip khic Kit qui nghien cdu khio sit v l phong dch hpc Md hinh hudng hpe cua Martinez chia ngudi hpe tip cua sinh viln Trudng Dal hoc Bich khoa Hi Ndi 3.1 Thiit kidng cu khio sit thinh lidn nhdm; Dya trln Mi hinh hudng ngudi hpe cua Margaret - Nhim ngutii hpe (thiln vi) phit hiln: Nhflng ngudi hpc cd dc ki ning hpc tip phong phu Ho li Martinez, ehung tdi da xiy dyng mdt bing hdi d l khio nhung ngudi cd ddng co bpc tip eao, cd ning ti; sit vi phin loai phong deh hpc tip eua ngudi hpe theo dinh hudng, ty dinh gii, dde l|p bpc tip Nhdng ^ "Mm: 1/Phong cich phdt hifn; 2/Phong cich thuc hifnngudi hpc phit hiln sd dyng ning tu dinh hudng, 3/Phong cich tii hifn; 4/Phong cich dii khing Mudi tinh lip kl hoach chiln lupc vi tu toin diln vi nd lue huong hpe tip dupe xiy dyng Ii nhdng tinh hudng mi hit minh d l dat myc tilu dii ban dl Ho li nhdng ngudi hpc diu phii trii qua qui trinh hoc tip: 1/ ngudi chip nhin mao hiim, sin sang ddi mdi, dam ml Khi nio ngudi hpc tip tmng vio hpe tip; 2/ Ngudi hpc rninh li|t vi nd lyt hit minh hoe tip Trong hoe ehu ddng hpe tip hoin cinh nio; 3/ d e myc tilu tip, nhdm niy vda khim phi thi gidi xung quanh vda hpc tip dupe dit d mde dd nio; 4/ Cic kilu nhifm vu phit hiln bin thin, hp khdng chi ddng lai d vile sing hpe tip ma ngudi hpc thfch thu (lua chpn); 5/ Cich thdc t^o tri thde mi cdn biln ddi bin thin de dip dnq cic mi ngudi hpe giii quylt nhiem vu hoe tip cda minh 6/ Muc dp nd lyc eua ngudi hp; 7/ Tinii trich nhilm eda myc tilu hpe tip ngudi hpc 8/ sy tie ddng cda mdittudnghoc din vifc -Nhim ngudi hpe (thiln vi) thUe hiin: Nhdm hpe tip eda d nhin; 9/ Mde dp phu thude cua ngudi hoe niy gdm nhung ngudi hpe ed ki ning hoc tip tdt cd vao mdlttudng;10/ Kieu mdi trudng hoe tip mi ngudi ning ti; djnh hudng, ed dpng ep nhflng mdi hpc da thfch ttudng hpc tip mi hp ylu thfch Mit khic ho cin sU hd Bing hdi dupe ttiilt kl gdm 40 d u (mdi phong trp cua giio viln hudng din d l dat duoe dc muc tieu Ddl nhdng ldi khen, phin thudng td bin ngoii rat each hpe tip bao gdm 10 du) SV tri Idi d e d u hdi blng deh dinh diu vio mde dd phd hpp nhat dua trln mdt cd y nghiattongvifc t?o ddng lyc giup hp hoin thinh thang dilm (td "Hoin toin sai" din S "Hoin toin cdng vifc dung^ stfii3-THANsiaaii.73 JS^ NGHIEN cflu THUC TKN GUO DUC Ddi tupng khio sit la 216 SV: 180 nam (83,3%); luin tii chju trich nhifm vi tu quin II cic muc tifu tUn 36 nfl (16,7%) Trudng Oai hpe Bach khoa Hi Ndi thude trinh vi kft qui diu da qui trinh hpc tip" v i "TH thkh nhilu nganh khie (Ki thuat Vit li, Hda hpe Sinh hpe mii trudng mgo hiim d tinh khim phi' dujt hpe CP khf, Luyfn kim, CP ddng lye Oifn, Oiln td SV lya chpn phu hpp ddi vdi b i n than nhilu n h i t - Vien thdng, Cdng nghf thdng tin, Nhiet lanh, Kinh te Phong cich hgc tip til hifn td It phu hpp vdi SV Quin li) Sd lupng SV nam va nfl ed sy chlnh Ifch dang d c chuyin nginh ki t h u i t Oilm trung binh eua phong ke, dilu phin i n h die diem cda mdt trudng ki t h u i t cich d vj tri thd Oiy la nhdm ngudi hpc thy ddng sd lupng SV nam chilm ti If cao hon so vdi SV nd than trpng v i hpe theo nhdng thdi quen nhu d i duoc 32 Xip loai phong ddi hpc tip da sinh viln hudng din Hp khdng ua mao hiim v i ludn hueSng tdi nhdng nhiem vy dPn giin, dupe thilt lip bdi ngudi khic Trudng Dpi hpc Bach Khoa Hi Npi Kit qui khao sit cho thiy, SV Tmdng Oai hpc Bach Hp d l blng Idng, mong mudn dupe hudng din liln tyc Khoa Hi Ndi dupe khio sit ed dilm eao nhat d phong v i chd dpi sy hd trp d l dat dupe cie myc tilu ngin han cich thyc hifn (M = 3,70), ttlp dd l i phong cich phit Kit qui d Bing cho thay, cic ciu ed dilm tmng binh hien (M = 3,44) va phong d c h t i i hifn (M = 3,16) cudi cao nhat l i : "Khi ci sp hudng din dg giing vifn vi bgn bi, tii sf ni lUc hit mifc didgt dupe muc dich hpc tip"; tH cung l i phong cich ddi khing (M = 2,52) (Bing 1) chu ding hoc tip giio viin khich li"; "Trong qui trinh Bing 1: Bie diim phong dch hgc tip da SV hpc tip, tii tip trung vio dc tinh hudng ci huing din ciia Tn/dng Bgi hpc Bich Khoa Hi Nil giing viin" Oilm ea Thd Phong dch hgc tip ddi khing l i phong cich It phii Phong cich hoc t i p trung binh Idch chuin bic hpp nhit vdi cich hpc cda SV Die dilm cua nhdm ngudi Phong cich p h i t hien 3,44 0,49 hpe niy l i khdng sin sing hpp tie v i khdng tuin thii quy djnh ehung Hp cd xu hudng chdng ddi d c myc Phong cich thUc hien 3,70 0,42 t i l u dupe dit ra, thudng xuyin trdn trinh vifc hpe thilu Phong cich t i l h i l n 3,16 0,49 trich nhifm, khdng d i p dng cie mong dpi hpc tip thdng Phong cich ddi khing 2,52 0,54 thudng Kit qui thu dupe cho thiy, clu ed dilm tmng 3.3 Phin tich ketqui diiu tra khio sit vi phong binh cao nhit l i : "Til thich de nhifm vg hpe tip khing deh hgc tip da sinh viin Truing Oai hoc Bich khoa mgng tinh hgc thuit" Til khing thich mil tn/dng hgc tip thing thudng vi mang tinh hgc thupt" "Cic mgc tiiu hgc Hi Nil Vifc thdng k l chi tilt kit qui khio sit SV Trudng tip dupc til dit khing theo yiu du til tiin ngoii" Kit luin Oai hpc Bich Khoa Hi Ndi v l phong d c h hpe tip, vdi Kit qui thu dupe trln miu nghiin cdu l i 216 SV 40 ciu hdi (Bing trang 75) l i can ed d l chdng tdi phin tfch kit qui thu dupc Kit qui phin tich niy l i eO sd Trudng Oai hpc Bich Khoa Hi ndi cho thiy: Phong dch khoa hpc cho ngudi day ed t h i lya chpn phupng phip, hpc tip thpc hifn chilm du thi, phong dch hgc tip phdt hinh thdc td chdc day hpc v i phupng ttfn phu hpp vdi hifn eung gid vj tri thd hai Nhdm phong deh hgc tip til hifn v i nhdm phong cich hgc tip ddi khing khdng thudc ti/ng nhdm ddi tupng mdt cich chu ddng Phong deh hoc tip thuc hiln l i phong cich phd cie nhdm phong cich hpc t i p phd biln Cin cd vio vifc phin loai phong cich hpc tip cCia hpp nhit vdi ddng dio SVTmdng Oai hpc Bich Khoa Hi Ndi Oiy l i nhdm SV chu ddng hpe t i p eic tinh SV, ngudi day d n luu y d i n eic d|c trung eda tdng nhdm hudng hpc t i p cy t h i hoic d n t h i i t Hp thudng lip cie ngudi hpc d l td chdc day hpc phu hpp: - Odi vdi nhdm ngudi cd phong deh hpe phdt hiln k l hoach ngin ban v i chl nd lyc d l vin dyng cic kiln thdc ed y nghia thilt thyc NhiJng ngudi ed phong cich v i ddi khdng, vif e day hpc cd t h i dupc td chdc theo djnh hpe t i p thye hi|n thich dupe huin luyfn v i tUPng tic hudng nghiin edu dde lip Trong mdi trUdng niy, ngUdi d l d?t dupe myc tilu Theo sy md ta niy, cic ciu dupe day si thilt k l d c d y i n d l ngudi hpe ty tim kilm thing SV lya chpn phu hpp nhit vdi cich hpe eua minh l i : "Tii tin v i cic t i i lifu hpe t i p d l giii quylt d c nhilm vy dit ra; - Odi vdi nhdm ngudi cd phong cich hpc thUchi(n, li ngudi thich mii tnidng hgc tip md vd quan tim din nhOng kiin thiic cd gid tri thue tiin"; "Tdi thleh dupc huin vile day hpe cd t h i dupc xiy dyng theo djnh hudng luyfn vd tuang tde didgt duac muc dieh hpc tip''; Trong edng t i e dd ngUdi day td chdc nhflng cudc thio qui trinh hgc tip, tii tip trung vio dc Hnh hudng cu the" luin t i p t h i d l ngudi hpc tham gia tim tdi, khim phi «i chilm ITnh cic tri thde ein t h i l t Phong deh hpc tip phit hifn l i phong d c h ed dilm - Odi vdi nhdm ngUdi hpc theo phong cich tdi hifn, sd cao thd Diy l i nhdm ngudi hpc ed sy ehu ddng cao, vifc day hpccd t h i dupe xiy dyng theo djnh hudng du cd nang lip k l hoach dai ban Hp iudn nd luc d l trOc - hudng din Mdi tmdng hpc t i p niy d n cd sp hd khim phi, thilt k l , xiy dung v i vin dyng nhflng kiln trp dly du eda giing viln t i t el d c ho?t ddng thdc mdi Hp l i ngudi ed trich nhiem eao v i ty quin hpc t i p bdi ngudi hpe t i i hifn cin ed sy hudng din vJ hpe tip Phu hpp vdi nhdng md t i niy, d e eau: giim sit eao v i hoin toin tin tudng vio sy giing gill Tdi thich dc nhifm vu hpc tip ci tinh khim phd", 'Tdi eua ngudi day 74>KHOAHgCGlAODUC NGHtfN cflu THM: TliN GUO O U C ' ^ Bing 2: Oic diem da timg phong cich hoc tip cua SV Phong c i d i hoc tap Phong c i c h p h i t h i t o Trong q u i trinh hpe t i p , tdi tap tmng v i o d qua ttinh Tdi chu ddng hpc tap mpi tinh hudno Cic muc tigu hpc tap dUpc toi d i t d mde eao Tdi tfifch cic nhifm vu hpc t i p cd tinh k h i m p h i Tdi d i n h t o i n bp ttidi gian v i edno sdc d l dat dupe m u e " d i d i ^ j ^ Tdi tfiudng no lyc het sdc d l k h i m o h i x i v dyng v i van duno tri : rtii^T;;;^ • J - - - T - - » - y * j m M m \ i i lUt Tdi d l tfilt bai vile t u hoc bi ban c h l hoic k i l m soat Tdi ttiieh hpe ttong mdi tmdnq mao h i i m , ed tfnh k h i i i i ^ Phong c i c h thuc h i i n Tmng q u i trinh hoc t i p , tdi t i p tiuno v i o d c tinh hudno c T i i i l ^ c h d ddng hpc t i p dupe v i u d u Ci^muc t i i u hpc t i p dupc tdi d i t d mdr tmng binh TAi fhSrh y (,^»k:A i_ _ 71 T~7T~ Tdi thfch d e n h i l m vu hpc t i p cd dd khd vda p h i i !!!!"'r"""""""''""'''^"''"^^""'"''^''^'^" iiiue Qien no TditfiuOngnd lye mdt cich cd chon lua d l t i l p thu v i s d d u n o k i l n i i i i i ^ Tdi chi cd tiieh n h i l m vdi nhOno linh vyc m i tdi quan t i m " Tdi thfch dupc h u i n luyfn v i ti/ono t i e d l dat duoc muc d T c f T i ; ; ; ; ^ — TAI thi^K I , T - — V - ãããô% m^.11 UUL l d p ^ - , „,,, „ „ , ,,,,ung Kien muc eO gia tri tt Phong c i d i t i l h i l n ^m^^Sl^pc t i p , tdi t i p tmnq v i o eic tinh hudng ed hudno d i n cua n^^i^^ T6i chu chu ddnq ddno hoc — ^ ^ T6i hpc tan t i p khi niiZT^^ZT^ZZZZ g i i n g v i i n khich l i 11 Cie myc t i i u hpe t j p dupe tdi d i t d mde d l -————- ••—•- T a v ^ug monu vien oan oe 23 35 TAI L Qiim - J —hrtt : uirh nhu '•».- - , _ -^^ ^ r.^ ^ u i c u 101»i_ tim ,< cich : y e u c a u t u oen ngoi s^ : ^ ^ g ^ J E ^ b o t trach nhifm v i i t quan t i m „ f n vile q u i n If q u i trinh h i T ^ Jdimudn dupc l i i n tue hudng d i n v i d l b i n e l^ng vdi d c muc dich n n i ! - ! ; ; ^ Tmng q u i trinh hpc tdi h o i n t o i n phu tfiu^c v i o ngudi hudno ri^ rr— ,- -y^ —« Mumiiuoiiaaa Tdi rtilch hpc tronq mdl tmdng It mao h i i m , ed hd tta c d d J T i i i i r khdng tfieo y i u d u t d b i n ngoai khdng mang tinh hpc t h u i t myc dich duoc d i t r a ttinh, khdnq h o i n tfiinh n h i i m vu hpc t i p d l d i p dng d c myc dich ngudi khiir ^^, r : t i p thdng tfiudng v i m a n g tfnh hoc rt at ~ trudng hpc t h u i t n i o ~ S