TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chl Khoa hoc so 21 (8 2016) MOT SO BIEN PHAP DANH GIA KET QUA HOC TAP CUA SINH VIEN THEO Hl/OfNG TIEP CAN NANG LlTC THONG QUA DAY HOC MON PHU^ONG PHAP DAY HQC TOAN TAI TRU[.]
Tap chl Khoa hoc so 21 (8-2016) TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP MOT SO BIEN PHAP DANH GIA KET QUA HOC TAP CUA SINH VIEN THEO Hl/OfNG TIEP CAN NANG LlTC THONG QUA DAY HOC MON PHU^ONG PHAP DAY HQC TOAN TAI TRUOfNG DAI HOC DONG THAP • Le Xuan Trud'ng'"' Tom tat Ddnh gid vai tu cdch Id mot bo phgn cua qud trinh dgy hoc cdn dong gop mot cdch co y nghta vdo viec hoc tap cua sinh vien ddnh gid khong don thudn chi Id viec thu thdp cdc thong tin ve chat luang hoc tap cua sinh vien md tao cahoi vd thuc ddy gud trinh hoc tap cua ho Chinh vi vdy, de duoc cdc bien phdp thich hop di ddnh gid ndng luc hoc tap cua sinh vien se Id mot irong nhimg dong luc quan ndng cao chdt luong ddo tgo Bdi bdo ndy di xudt, phdn tich duac mot s6 thdnh to cua ndng luc hoc tap mon phuang phdp dgy hoc todn vd di dtrgc cdc bien phdp khd thi ve ddnh gid ndng luc cua sinh vien hoc tdp mon hoc ndy Tit khoa: Biin phdp; tiip can ndng luc; phirang phdp dgy hoc todn, ddnh gid; sinh viin; Dong Thdp Dat van de Trong chuang trinh dao tgo gigo vien nganh Su phgm Togn hpc tgi Trudng Dgi hgc Dong Thap, cac mdn bgc ve phuang phap day hgc (PPDH) dupc chia thanb hgc phan; Hgc phan PPDH dai cuong mdn toan, PPDH chuyen nganh toan va PPDH chuyen nganh toan 2, mdi hgc pban gom tin chi Day la cac hoc phan dgy ngbe thyc sy cho sinh vien (SV), viec de dupc cac bien phap danh gia theo hudng tiep can nang lyc, khdng chi danh gia dupc nang luc bpc tgp ciia SV qua hoc tap mon PPDH toan ma cdn cd tac dung mdt each gian ttep guip SV boc each danh gia nang luc cua hpc sinh (HS) qua dgy hpc mdn toan d trudng Trung hoc pbo thdng (THPT) DG theo hudng ttep can nang luc khdng phai mdi doi vdi mdt so nudc cd nen giao dye phat tnen Tuy nhien, day la van de cdn mdi d Viet Nam Do vgy nghien cim de de xuat cac bien phap DG cd hieu qua theo hudng tiep can nang luc la van de thdi sy va cap thiet ttong giai dogn hien Bai bao de xuat mdt so bien phap to chiic DG ket qua hpc tap ciia SV tfieo hudng tiep can nang luc tfidng qua day hpc mon PPDH toan d Trudng Dai hpc Dong Thap Khai niem DG ket qua hoc tap cua SV theo dinh hudng tiep can nang Iwc day h9C mon PPDH toan DG ket qua bpc tap cua SV theo hudng ttep can nang lyc ttong day bgc mdn PPDH toan la viec DG dua vao cac to nang luc img vdi mdi npi dung hpc tap cua mdn hpc theo cac tieu chi da *> Tru6ng Dai hoc D6ng Thap duoc xac dinh Nhu vgy, de DG dupe nang luc hoc tap ciia SV thi giang vien can phai thuc hien cac cdng viec sau: - Xac dinh duac cac td nang lyc duoc hinh qua mdi ndi dung bpc tap, - Timg td can phai xac dinh duoc cac tieu chi DG cy tbe; - Viec DG nang luc cua SV phai gan lien vdi viec to chiic hoat ddng boc tap tbeo dinh hudng tiep can nang lyc Can cii vao khai niem DG ndi tten va can cii vao chuan dau cua mdn hpc, cd the de xuat cac dac trung co ban cua DG ket qua hpc tap S V theo budng Uep can nang luc ngudi hpc ttong day hoc nghe d trudng su pbam nbu sau: Bang Cac dac tnmg co ban cua DG Itet qua hgc tgp SV theo hirdng tiep can nang lm: Thir ttf DG nang lire - DG kha i^ng SV van dung cac kien thUc, ky Muc dich nang dS hoc vao giai quyet van de thuc tien i ^ ^ nghiep Noi dung - Quy chuan theo cac miic phat tnen nang lire Clia SV (dua vao chuan diu timg mon hoc) DG Congcu DG Nhiem vu, bai tap tinh huong nghl i^hiep, bfii canh thuc t^ i ^ e nghiep Thm diemDG DG moi then diem ciia qua tiinh day hoc, chii troi^ den DG hoc Hinh thUcBG Da dang hoa cac hinh thUc DG DG thoi^ qua \iku Iuan tir hoc, xemma, lam mot bai tap tren lop; kiem tra thuong xuyen, bai thi het hoc phin; thiet ke va thirc hanh mot tiet dav toan Ket qua DG - liang luc S V phu thuoc vao kho cua nhiem vu hoac bai tap da hoan - SV nao thuc hien dirge nhiem vu cang kho, cang phuc tap hon se duoc coi la co nang luc cao hem TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Cac to cua nang lyc hoc tap mon PPDH toan cua SV 3.1 Nang lire huy d$ng kien thirc de giai quyet mot van de giang vien dat hoc tap mon PPDH toan Bieu bien chung cua nang lyc la: SV phai chpn lpc nhimg kien tbiic ma minh da ITnh hpi dupc d cac mon hpc cho pbii bgp va thich img vdi mpt van de giang vien dat cho SV can giai quyet Bieu bi§n cy the ciia nang luc - Lya chon dugc tri thirc ndi dimg vatri thirc phuong phap mdn PPDH dgi cuong mdn toan da hgc de giM quyet mdt tinh huong hgc tap gidng vien dat ChSng han nhu: PPDH phat hien va giai quyet van de; phuang phap van dap; PPDH hgp tac theo nhom; phuong pbap luyen tap; phuang phap tryc quan; cac budc dgy hpc khai niem, cac budc dgy hgc djnh ly; cac budc day hgc giai bai tap can dupc lya chon va sit dyng nhu the nao de to chitc mpt ngi dung nao ttong dgy bgc mdn toan THPT Vi du 1: Khi giang vien giang day PPDH cac ngi dung ve chii de To hgp lien quan den bai quy tac dem la quy tSc cgng va quy t4c nhan, g i ^ g vien neu tinh huong: Sau hinb cho HS hai quy tSc dem (tiet I, chuang 2, Sach giao khoa II nang cao), den pban ciing co kien thirc ck bai quy t&c nay, giang vien yeu cau SV phai lya chgn mdt ttong cac PPDH da hgc de HS dupc luyen tgp, ciing co dat hieu qud nhat Khi SV lya chpn PPDH hgp tac theo nhdm vao tinh huong la pbii hpp Bdi vi cac bai tap cung co ngi dung hen quan nhieu den van de thyc te, neu vgn dyng PPDH hpp tac theo nhdm se tao dieu kien cho HS dupc hoat dpng, giao luu nbieu bon, kien thuc dugc HS tim toi, tiep thu tir nbieu chieu, qua se nSm cbSc kien thirc bon Trong tinh huong cd the chia cac nhom lam cimg mgt ngi dung hogc moi nhdm Iam mot noi dung khac vao sy phan hda cua ldp den mirc dg nao Cy tiie SV cd tiie giai quyet tinh huong b3ng each chia HS lam nhdm hgc tgp theo phieu hoc tap sau day: Tap chf Khoa hpc so 21 (8-2016) Phieu hftc t^p (diing cho ca nhom) Mot hop CO bi do, bi xanh vd bi vdng, tdt cd diu khdc a) Co bao nhieu cdch chon mot viin bi? b) Co bao nhiiu cdch chgn viin bi CO bi do, I bi xanh vd bi vdng? Hay giai bai toan tren va cho biet nao dung q i ^ tac cpng, nao dirng quy tac nhan Kit qud mong dai tir cdc nhom: a) Cd each chgn bi dd, each cbgn I bi xanh va each cbgn I bi vang Vay cd + + = 16 each chpn I vien bi b) Cd each chgn I bi dd, each chgn bi xanh va each chpn I bi vang Vay cd x x = 140 each chgn vien bi ttong dd cd I bi do, bi xanh va I bi vang cau a) dung quy t5c cgng, d cau b) dung quy tic nhan Cd the yeu cau HS nit dupc nao dung quy tSc cdng, nao dung quy t5c nhan - Huy ddng duoc cac kien thiic dang hpc ttong pban mdn PPDH chuyen nganh toan 1, PPDH chuyen nganh toan 2, ddng thdi buy dong duoc cac phuang phap giai toan SV da dugc hpc cac mdn Dai so so cap, Hinh bpc so c ^ de giai quyet tinh huong hpc tgp gjang vien giao SV tai ldp ciing nhu d nha, Vi du 2: Giang vien yeu cau SV thyc hien tinh huong bpc tap nhu sau: Lam rd phuang dien ngii nghTa va phuang dien cii p h ^ ttong gidi phuong trinb thdng qua cac vi dy cy the Ket qud mong dpi d cau tta ldi cita SV Phuang dien ngii ngbia giai phucmg trinh la giai pbuang trinh ta xet ve mat ngi dung cac menh de toan hpc Chu ttong ve phuang dien giiip HS hieu sau sdc v^ pbuang trinh, khac pbuc each Iam may mdc, hinh tbiic Cy tfie doi vdi phuang trinh 2V2x + = 2x + 4, xet ve phuong dien ngii nghTa duoc gidi nhu sau: Dieu kien 2J: + > < = > X > — Ap dyng bat dang thuc Cdsi cho so khdng am 2x + va I, ta dupc: (2x + 3) + I > 2V2x + Dau "=" xay 2x + = o X = -I, Vay nghiem cita phuong trinh l a x = - I TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Phuang dien cu phap ttong gidi phuong trinh la xet ve cau true hinh thiic va bien doi hinh thirc giai phuang trinh Chu yeu la su dyng cac dinh ly ve bien doi tuang duong phuang trinh, bien doi he qua Chu ttpng ve phuong dien se ren liQ^en cho HS ky nang lam viec theo quy trinh va phong each lam viec quy cu Doi vdi phuang trinh fren, xet ve phuang dien cu phap, cd the giai nhu sau: 2x + > 4(2x + 3) = (2x + 4)x>-2 4x^ + 8x + =