Dd Thj Thiio Ddi vdi tre binh thtfdng viec hdp tac gifla nha trtfdng va GD irong qua trinh tham sdc giao due cho tre la vd cung quan trong Doi vdi lie RLPTK, stf tham gia eua GD vao qua Irinh CTSGD ea[.]
Dd Thj Thiio Ddi vdi tre binh thtfdng viec hdp tac gifla nha trtfdng va GD irong qua trinh tham sdc - giao due cho tre la vd cung quan Doi vdi lie RLPTK, stf tham gia eua GD vao qua Irinh CTSGD eang can thiet hdn va eang dtfde de eao hdn GD cd viii trd quan trong viec cung cap, ehia se thdng tin vl qua trinh phdt trien cua tre, cung Ihtfe hien ndi dung CTSGD, iham gia xiiy dtfng va Ihtfe hien ke hoaeh giao due cd nhan eho tre nhtf khau phdt hien diem manh va nhu ciu cua Ire, ddt muc tieu, len kl hoach, Ihirc hien kl hoach Tren the gidi va Viet Nam, ed mgt sd nghien cflu vl sfl hdp tdc gifla nha Irtfbng va GD gido due Ire khuylt tat ndi chung, ire RLPTK ndi rieng, dien hinh nhff: Karen Kearns [12], Gaboviteh E M., Curtin C, A [9], Dillenburger K Keenan M , Doherty A [8], Dd Thi Thdo [3], Tran Thj Le Thu [4], Nguyin Thi Hoang Yen [5],[6] Ddc biet, Irong dd cd bai viet cua Wood L., Olivier T [ 14] vl "Xay dtfng video de nang cao nhan thffc ve quan he hdp ldc gifla GV vii CM ire", Mgt sd bai viel khae tap trung trinh bay ve ,stf hdp tdc giffa Nhit trtfbng va GD nham hd trd hiinh vi lfch ctfe cho tre RLPTK efla Blair W C , Lee 1, Cho S [7]; Stf htlp tdc gifla GD, nba irtfbng va egng ddng chuan bi gido dut va cai thien tre den trtfbng hgc cua Epstein J [10]; GD tham gia vao xay dtfng ke hoach gido due ca nhan cua Jivanjee P Kruzich J M., Friesen B.J (I I];Mdrpng hd tip de eai thien siT sdng eua cac GD tie RLPTK eua Mary Bower Russa, Amy L Matthews, and Jamie S Owen-DeScbryver [ 13] Hdp tac giffa nbii trtfbng va GD irong CTSGD ire RLPTK la mdt nhflng ndi dung quan trpng Tfly nhien, van vang bdng cdc nghien effu ve thUe tiang va kit qua eua stf hdp iac gifla nha trtfbng va GD CTSGD Ire RLPTK tai Viet Nam, de iff dd chf cac bien phap gnip cho stf hdp tdc ed hieu qua hdn, giup GV ihtfc hien tdt hdn vai Irb cfla minh qua trinh hdp tdc vbi CM tre Trong pham vi eua bdi viet, chung tdi danh gia Ihtfc trang nhan Ihflc cfla 301 khach the (trong dd: 23 CBQL, 128 GV va 150 CM tre) ve stf hdp tdc giffa nha trtfbng va GD, ndi dung, each Ihflc vii hieu qud cua stf hdp tac CTSGD Ire RLPTK, Tff dd, de xuat mdi sd bien phap hdp tac cd hieu qud tidng CTSGD tre RLPTK Noi dung nghien curu 2.1 Mot so van de li luan ve stf hdp tac giiia nha trtfbng va GD CTSGD treRKPTK Khdi niim su hgp tdc giUa Nhd frudng vd GD irong CTSGD tie RLPTK Hgp tac la cung thtft hien mtil ke htiach va cflng dl den mdt mue dich Hdp tat giffa nha trtfbng va GD CTSGD tre RLPTK la qua trinh nhii tmbng va GD eflng ehung sflc, hd trd lan sudt thbi gian Ire CTSGD tai Irflbng de ehia se thdng tin, tao nen mdi trtfbng, dieu kien CTSGD thfch hdp nhat tai tiubng, tai GD va tai cdng ddng cho stf phat trie'n eua tre CTSGD tre RLPTK la mdt viec Iam nhieu khd khan d Viet Nam Dac biet, RLPTK la mgt dang khuylt tat, cd stf thodi lui irong qua trinh phat trien.Tre RLPTK gap nhieu khd khan ve nhan Ihffc, ngdn ngff, giao ulp, kha nang hieu vd kit ndi thong tin, tffdng tac xa hgi, Itfdng Itfdng, hanh vi Do vay de tie RLPTK cd the dtfde tham gia CTSGD, giflp Ire nhanh chdng hoa nhap edng ddng tht Ue va GD tre can nhan dtfde nhieu stf quan lam, hd trd, giflp dd cae lflc Itfdng xa hoi, dac biel la eua nha Ii-ffdng va GV Mdi ue RLPTK ed nhflng khd khan rieng, cd nhu cau va kha nang khde nen edn phai ed sir dieu chinh ve mue tieu, ndi dung, phffdng phdp giao d^c eho phfl hdp va ddng thdi GV cflng cin nhieu phtfdng lien hd Ird day hgc ed hieu kit qua Dilu eho thay, cin phai cd nhilu stf hd trd vl cd sd vat ehit, nilm dam me, sff nhiet tinh, yeu nghl, yeu tre cfla GV GV tung tin nhan Ihflc rb vai trd cua GD ddi vdi qud uinh CTSGD tie RLPTK, Ifl dd egng tdc edi md, ttfdng trti vbi GD de gdp phin nang cao chat Itftlng CTSGD Ire RLPTK J Hop ldc giita nhd trUe'fng vd gia dinh can thiep sdm gido due Ire ren logn phdiu Nguyen tdc cua su hop tdc giifa nhd irudng vd GD CTSGD ire ki RLPTK vietai, j ),j,i '^'^Mi " ^ i n i bao thdng nhat giffa nha trtfbng va GD vl mue tieu, noi dung, yeu ciu, phtfdng phap va each thffc h6 trd tre RLPTK - Dam bao tfnh ddng bd gifla nha trffdng va GD viec thtfc hien CTSGD ire RLPTK tai cac ed sd, tai nha cfing nhu tai cpng ddng 55* - E^i"! b a o tfnh hieu qua cua iffng ndi dung hdp ldc: hdp tdc de Iim hieu thdng tin va chia se Ihdng tin, h g p tac de len ke hoach vd cflng IhUc hien k l h o a c h , Npi dung hgp tdc gida nhd trifdng vd GD CTSGD tre RLPTK D e nha trtfdng va G D tham gia C T S G D tre R L P T K hdp tdc vdi co hieu qua, can ihtfc hien nhflng ngi dung hdp tdc cu the sau day: Thif nhdl, hdp lac viee thtfc hi^n m u t Ueu C T S G D tre R L P T K : Mudn Ire phat trien tdt va sdm hoa nhap cgng ddng, ehung ta e i n phai dat nhffng muc lieu gi cho tre, tre phai Iam gi? va chflng ta giflp dd Ire bang each nao? Nhflng Id ngtfdi e i n phdi hd trd tre? Hd trd d dau vao thbi gian nao? Cdng viec eu the d day la gt? Muc tieu eho ire phdi dtfde tbdng nhat gifla G D , nha Utfbng Cd sU thdng nhat ve mue tieu C T S G D tre R L P T K N h a trtfdng va G D se u i dffdc nhflng ki vgng gidng Hdn nfla, stf hdp tac giffa nha Irtfdng va G D la d i l u hit sffc can thili de dat dtfde ciic muc lieu da de K H G D C N , nhil la ddi vdi cac mue tieu ve kT nang sdng mdi Irtfdng G D va cong ddng Thd hai, hdp tac viec thtfc hien ndi dung C T S G D tre R L P T K : Khi cd stf Ihdng nhat vl muc tieu giao due thi phai nghien euU ndi dung C T S G D phu hdp vdi ire, ngi dung cung can tbdng n h i t gifla nha trtfdng va G D ma eu the la GV va C M D o nhffng khd khan khdc d moi tre R L P T K , C M tre va GV e i n eung irao doi, lim bieu ndi dung nao can day cho tre va sff dung phtfdng phap nao de dem lai ket qua Nhflng gi tre hge dtfde phai g i n vbi nhflng gi ma tre nhin thay, nghe thay va tre tJa cc chut kinh nghiem ve nd, dieu se giup tre de nam bat va lilp nhan thong t i n D d n g thbi, kT nang tre tiep thu tai irtfbng va lai nha phai flng dung dtfde vao mdi trtfbng sdng va mdi IrUbng cong ddng Thd ba, hdp lac viee dtfa yeu eau C T S G D tre R L P T K : Nha Irtfbng va G D phai tri nhtfng ki vgng gidng qua trinh C T S G D Ire R L P T K Yeu e i u C T S G D dtfde coi la ddn vi c h i t Itfdng tianh gia ket qua efla qua trinh gido due Yeu cau cd the eoi la mdt gidi han can phai dat dUde muc dfch cua cdc muc tieu C T S G D nad dd eho tre D o dd, nhii trUbng va G D can phal ihffbng xuyen cd sfl trao ddi ve yeu cau C T S G D Chang han mol sd kT nang tre phai thtfc hien bfldc ma G D tre chi thflc hien Irong bfldc Ihi ehfla cd stf nhat qtfan thtfc hien yeu c i u C T S G D tre R L P T K Thd tu, bdp tac viec ap dung phtfdng phap C T S G D tre R L P T K : Phtfdng phap C T S G D tre R L P T K cfing can phai dtfde thdng n h i t gifla cde nha trtfbng va G D C T S G D Thdng nhat phffdng phap ean ihiep khong phai la gifla GV, CM va cac vien tham gia hd trd sff dung rap khudn cac phffdng phap hoan loan gidng Cach thffc day mot ki nang, mot net chfl phai Iheo cdc bffdc qui djnh Phffdng phap C T S G D cd the tre, ngfl eanh ma tffng vien tham gia day tre dtfa cho phu hdp: cd the eho tre b i t chtfde va ttf Iam; eung Iam vdi tre; htfdng d i n bdng lbi va dd dung trtfc quan ti mi eho t r e , Hay mgt sd tre thfch hdp vdi cae phffdng phap chuyen biet nhtf: Day hoe thong qua thff nghiem rieng biet (Discrete trial training - DTT) theo Phan tfeh hanh vi ffng dung (Applied Behavior Analysis - ABA); Day hgc cd cau true (Teaching Structured) theo Trj lieu va giao due cho tre nx ki va tre cd khd khan v l giao tilp (Treatment and education of autistic and related communication handicapped children - T E A C C H ) , Thdi gian tai san Iheo Dtfa U e n s f l p h a t trien, stf khae biel ea nhan v a c d c mdi quan he (Developmental, Individual -difference Relationship - Based - D I R ) , Tri lieu boat ddng (Occupational Therapy - OT), H e thdng giao tilp bing trao ddi Iranh (Picture Exchange Communication System - PECS) Tuy nhien, Ifly mdi tre ma GV va GD cd the ltfa chon mdt phtfdng phap chuyen biet hay phdi ket hdp cac phtfdng phap eho phu hdp vdi ddc diem phat tnen d tffng ihbi ki cua ire Phtfdng phdp CTSGD phal dffa tren cd sd am hieu dac diem tam sinh If cua Ire RLPTK Nhflng vien tham gia CTSGD Ire can phai hdp tac vdi cac chuyen gia tam If va giao due dac biet de nhan ca tfnh dac biet d tre, sd thi'eh, nguyen vgng eua Ire, khdng nen qua dp dat Ire, ndng vol va ddt ehdy giai doan, khong liim tre hoang sd va Iuon cam Ihay ttf ti, khdng lam hg tre ma hay bit diu tff dl den khd, tfl ddn gian din phuc tap, ludn khuyen khfch va tao ddng cd cho tre, ein kien tri hudng dan ti mi, tflng btfdc nhd den ldn, tfl thao tae ddn gian din phflc tap Thu ndm, hdp tac ehi phi, tao dieu kien thuan ldi nhit eho tre RLPTK d cd sd ean Ihiepcung nhtf d GD va cgng ddng CTSGD tre RLPTK vo cfing khd khan va tdn kem Mgt sd tre RLPTK IhUbng khd thfch flng vdi sfl thay ddi cua mdi trtfbng, ed the hay 6m yeu; mgt so Ire khac cd nhieu hanh vi can sff giam sdt thtfbng xuyen cua ngtfbi ldn; mdt sd tre di kem vbi cac khuyet tat khae nhff khiem thfnh, khilm thi Da sd Ire cin stf tiep can gido vien/ Ire nen can nhieu nhan Itfc va kinh phi chi tra eho nhan life CTSGD Lam the nao de tre du dieu kien den trtfdng eung nhtf sinh boat tai nha Id dieu ma nha trtfdng va GD Iudn Iran trd va suy nghT Chinh vi vay, de Ire RLPTK cd dilu kien hpc tap tdt, can ed stf hd trd vl vat chil va kinh phi efla cac nha hao tam, lue cae ltfc Itfdng tham gia CTSGD tre RLPTK tai cdng dong cd the la nhflng dai dien de di van dgng, quyen gdp ho ird eho Ire va GD Dong thbi, GD cflng cin cd tracb nhiem viec ddng gdp bgc phi, cac ed sd CTSGD can cd chfnh sach mien hdiie giam hgc phf cho tre Dieu kien de sU hap tdc cd kit qua De liim tdt cdng tdc nay, cd sd CTSGD tre RLPTK can phai chu y den nhffng van de sau: I) Gidd vien phal cd kT nang giao tiep va chuyen mdn tdt Hep xflc vdi GD Ire cflng nhfl can bp eua cae id chffc Doan the, nhdm hd trd cdng ddng, vbi cac chuyen gia ITnh vtfc giao due Ire ttf kl, eae chuyen gia y te va ddng nghiep; 2) To ehfle tdt cac budi trao ddi cbuyen mdn vdi ddng nghiep, chia se vl boat ddng CTSGD Ire RLPTK tre lai trtfbng va tai GD; 3) Stf nhat tri ehung la mgt dilu rat quan trgng ma ea nha trtfbng va GD phai Ihtfc hien dUbc Nlu muc tieu, ngi dung, phffdng phap can thiep tre khong ed sU Ihdng nhit thi hp se liim viee mpt each mien ctfdng va cd the khdng quan tam xem lieu tre cd the dat dtfde cdc muc tieu dd hay khdng 2.2 Thtfc trang hdp tac giiia nha trtfbng va GD CTSGD tre RLPTK Nhdn thdc vi mdc dp cdn thiil cua su hgp tdc gida nhd trUdng vd GD Khao sdt CBQL, GV va CM tre ve mffc cin thilt cua stf hdp tdc gifla nha Irflbng va GD CTSGD Ire RLPTK Kit qua thu dtfde d bieu dd sau day Phin ldn eac khdeh the diu ddnh gia cao vai trd cua viee hdp lac giffa nha tnrbng va GD CTSGD tre RLPTK, ed 89,7% Cd I % khang djnh mflc can thilt pbai cd stf hdp tac gifla cac ltfc lUdng Cd 9% danh gia d mffc dd binh thtfbng va cd 1,3% cho ring khdng cin thiet, day la nhan djnh eua eac CM tre cd it stf ki vong vl tiln » Khong can thjgt bd cua tre RLPTK CTSGD Nhin chung, GV, CBQL va phan dong CM tre da cd nhffng nhan thffc dung Bieu l.Danh gid vi mifc dp cdn thiet cua sU hdp ldc giUa nhd trUdng vd GD vd gill dmh iro)>g i an ihiep sdm gido dut tre rdi loan phdiU kl l-lap ldt ; dan ve tam quan Irong tflng nhtf mflt dd can Ihiel cua stf hdp tae gifla nha trtfbng va G D Irong C T S G D tre R L P T K Rd rang, C M tre va t a c thimh v i ^ U r o n g G D la nhflng ngtfdi gin gui, hieu tre vil thtfdng yeu tre nhieu nhat D o dd, neu GV vii CM Ire thtfbng xuyen trao ddi thdng tin cho nhau, ddng thbi hdp tac tdt vdi qua liinb C T S G D cho tre, chac chan hieu qua C T S G D se dat ket qud ldt hdn Ne'>i dung help ldc giifa nhd incdng vd GD Bdng I Ddnh gid cda CBQL GV vd CM tre ve mdc dp thUc hien cdc ngi dung hap tdc giifa nhd trUdng vd GD I < A/ < CM tre TT Cac ndi dung Dal muc lieu Ltfa chon ndi dung Ltfa chon phtfdng pbap Tim kiem kien Ihtfc mdi Ttm kiem kmh phi GV CBQL Chung Tint Thit ThU Thu M VD M SD M SD hm bdc bdc bdc 2.14 C.87 2.32 0.74 1,91 0,29 1,5 2,20 0,79 M SD 2,60 0.64 2.26 0.77 1,91 0,29 1,5 2,40 0,71 51 0.67 2,21 0.78 1.87 0,34 2,33 0,73 2.40 0.71 2.03 0.82 1,70 0,47 2,19 0,78 2,11 0,77 2,21 0.80 1,57 0,51 2.11 0,78 Bang I cht) ihay Till cd t d t noi dung htlp ldc gifla nha trtfbng va G D deu dtfde thtfc hien khd thtfbng xuyen (M > 2) Nhffng ndi dung cd ldn suat hdp tac eao la nhflng ngi dung lien quan din cdc yeu id tac dgng trtfc lilp ldi kit qua htic lap cua tre (Li/a chgn npi dung v6i M = 2,40, SD = 0,71; Lua chgn phuang phdp vdi M = 2,33 SD - 0,73; Dgt muc liiu vdi M -^ 2,20, SD = 0.79) Thtfc te cho thay, nha liVbug va G D lii hai mo\ trtfbng gan gui n h i t vdi tre de giup Ire ghi nhd, cung cd va van dung kien ihflc thi ngoiii llidi gian hgc tren ldp Ire e i n dtfde luyen lap tai GD Me bt; H N A cbo b i l l "Trtftic xay dtfng K H G D C N eho chffng tdi dtfde gap gd va Irao ddi vdl GV ve mong mudn cua G D , cung GV thilt lap mue lieu sau dd dtfde nhan ban K H G D C N mang ve nha Viec lam giiip t h u n g lot n i m bit dffdc ngi dung, phtfdng phap va muc tieu m a tre t i n dtfdt day irong ihtli gian ldi nen rat yen liim " n il Tun kieiii kitiithivt moi Tun kieiii kuili [llll Bidu So sdnh mdc dp thuc hien cdc noi dung hpp tdc gida nhd trUdng vd GD Dd Thi Thao Nhin chung, ngi dung ed mfle sfl dung cao la ngi dung lien quan den cdc ylu td tac dgng trtfc tiep tdi kit qua hgc tap cua tre Nhd Irtfbng va GD Id mdi trtfdng gin gui nhit vbi Ire, kien thfle hpc dtfde d ire cin thtfbng xuyen cung cd ea hai mdi tiudng nha trtfbng va GD Hinh thifc hgp ldc giua nhd tnfdng vd GD CTSGD tre RLPTK Bang eho thay: hinh thfle hdp tdc dtfde thtfc hien thtfbng xuyen la: "Dung sd lien lac" (M= 2,94, SD = 0,23), "Gfli thtf - thong bao" (M= 2,72, SD = 0,45); Goi dien thoai (M = 2,60, SD = 0,57);"Hop CM ire" (M = 2.57, SD = 0,60) Cac cd sd GD da ed nhffng hinb thflc to chffc nham gan ket gifla GV vdi CM Ire, tang ctfbng stf hdp tdc giffa nha Irtfbng va GD Mae du, day mdi chf la nhffng hinh thtfc mang tfnh vi md, khdng mil nhieu thdi gian thfle bien, khdng ton kem ve kinh phf, khdng can stf dau ttf ldn d khau chuan bi nhtfng Iai dtfde tri thtfbng xuyen, lien tue va eflng mang Iai nhffng ldi ich nhat djnh Irong qud trinh CTSGD tie RLPTK Cd T.TH eho bill "Tat ca cac tre tai trffdng deu ed sd lien lac de GV trao ddi vbi CM Ire hang Viec td chffc hdi thao, tim kilm va bien soan tai lieu ein cd kinh phi de mbi cac chuyen gia hdp tdc, ben canh dd cin ed stf diu ttf vl thdi gian de ddm bao kien thflc mang Iai ehinh xdc va Ihtfc stf bd feh Hien tai Ihi cd sd cua chung tdi chtfa cd dieu kien de thtfc hien thtfdng xuyen" Bdng Cdch thdc hop tdc giUa nhd trUdng vd GD CTSGD tre RLPTK g Jl/ < Chung CBQL CM tre GV ThU Cac each thu'c ThU Thli M SD TT M SD M SD M SD bdc bac bdc To chiJc hoi thao 0,25 10,5 1,02 0,13 11 1,00 0,00 11 1,04 0.20 Tim kiem, bien 1,07 0,25 10,5 1,09 0,28 10 1,13 0,34 10 1,08 0,27 soan tai lieu M6 cac khoa tap 2,29 0,51 2,34 0,54 2,00 0,00 2,29 0,51 huan GV den tham 1,94 0,84 1,26 0,45 2,07 0,88 1,90 0,80 GD Dung so lien lac 2,93 0.25 2,95 0,23 3,00 0,00 2,94 0,23 2,60 0,57 2,66 0,52 1,83 0,39 6 Goi dien thoai 2,67 0,54 GUI thong bao Cilng hdp tac day tre Trao doi thong qua gib trii tre 10 Hop CM tre To chiJc cac 11 hoat dpng ngoai khoa Tong chung ThU bdc 11 10 2,75 0,43 2,70 0,46 2,61 0,50 2,72 0,45 2,19 0,88 2,06 0,85 1,22 0,42 2,06 0,88 2,09 0.84 2,73 0,53 2.83 0.39 2,42 0,76 2,63 0.54 2,63 0,63 1,87 0,34 2.57 0,60 2,24 0,81 2,10 0,85 1.17 0,39 2,10 0,85 2,18 0,56 2,20 0,53 1,81 0,29 2,16 0,56 r He/p ldc giifa nhd irucing vd gia dinh irong can thiep sc'mi gido due Ire rdi loiin phd IU ki Tdm Iai, cde cd sd GD chuyen biet da cd nhflng hinh thffc td chffc nham gan kit giffa GV vdi CM Ire, tang ctfbng stf hdp tae Nha trtfdng va GD Mac du, day mbi chi la nhflng hinh thffc mang tfnh vi mo, chu ylu la nhflng hinh Ihflc khong mil nhilu thbi gian thffc hien, khdng tdn kem ve kinh phf, khdng can stf diu Itf ldn d khau ehuan bj nhtfng Iai dtfde tri thtfdng xuyen, hen tut va cfing mang lai nhflng ldi fch nhit djnh qua trinh CTSGD Ire RLPTK Hiiu qud cua cdc cua sif hap ldc giifa nhd tntdng vd GD Bdng Ddnh gid cua CBQL, GV vd CM tre ve hiiu qud cua sU hgp tdc TT ill Hieu qua hup tac CM tre GV CBQL Chung SL TL SL TL SL TL SL TL Tot 33 22,0 54 42,2 19 82,6 106 35,2 Trung binh 80 53,3 74 57,8 17,4 158 52,5 Y8u 37 24,7 0 0 37 12,3 Ket qua khao sdt cho thay: Hieu qua cua stf hdp tdc chu yeu mbi dffng lai d mflc dp trung binh (52,5% tdng sd khach the danh gia mflc trung binh, ed 35,2% danh gia tdt va 12,3% danh gia mflt dd yeu - tap trung vao CM tre) Me be N.H K thia se "C nhd khdng Iam theo yeu ciu ma me dtfa nen thdi gian ton d nhd chflng toi de dtfde chdi, edn viee hdc da nhb cac cd d Idp" Nhan ihffc anh htfdng khdng nhd den stf liln bd cua tre Cin tim cae bien phdp phfl hdp de tang ctfbng stf hdp lac lot hdn nfla gifla Nha trtfdng va GD CTSGD tre RLPTK Tdm lai: Phan ldn GV va CM tre deu da nhan thflc dtfde lam quan trgng cua viec hdp tac gifla nha trtfbng va GD CTSGD tre RLPTK nhtfng mffc dp thtfc hien va hieu qua Iai chtfa ttfdng ddng Nhieu CM chtfa cd kT nang Iam viec vbi Ire Cdc cd sd GD da cd nhflng hinb thfle td chffc nham lang ctfbng sir hdp tae Nha trtfbng va GD, mac du day mdi chi la nhflng hinh thflc mang tfnh vi md 2.3 Bien phap hdp tac giiia nha trtfttng va gia dinh CTSGD tre RLPTK im -, ' Xdy dung mdi quan hi vdi gia dinh tre CTSGD chi cd the thflc hien tdt cd sff hdp tac ehat the gifla cac tbanh vien GD va giffa GD vdi nha trtfdng va cdc nha chuyen mdn kbac De stf hdp tac dtfde dien thuan Idi, cin thiet phai xay dtfng mdi quan he tieh ctfe vbi GD tre Chung ta nen tdn irgng each sdng va kha nang eua GD tre Cd gang xay dtfng ldl mdi quan he tfch etfc vdi mpi thanb vien khde trdng GB, dac biet nhflng vien cd trach nhiem CS&GD Ire Nha chuyen mdn va eac cd sd CTSGD nen de cac vien GD tre tham gia vao qua Irinh CTSGD, ea giai diian chan dodn, ddnh gia, Ien ke hoach giao due ca nhan va thtfc hien cdc hoat dpng cu the Hdn bet, bo la nhflng ngffbi gin gffi hang vdi tre, dae biet la CM ire Hg luon hieu tre nen cd the cung cap nhilu thdng lin can thill vl tre va GD Chi td stf tham gia cua GD, chflng la mdi cd dtfde chtfdng trinh can thiep phfi hdp vbi kha nang, nhu ciu cfla Ire va GD, dieu se gdp phin tang them cd hpi eong cua CTSGD Phdt hiin vd khuyin khich nhirng didm mgnh ciia cdc ihdnh viin gia dinh Trong vai nam ird Iai day, kien thfle ed ban ve tre RLPTK dfldc GD Ue tim hie'u tren cae Irang web va phtfdng tien thdng lin dai chung, giffp eho hg sdm chip nhan dffa khuylt tat cua minh, hg can dam hdn de bat diu mgt hanh Irinh dai va gian khd tiong cudc dbi cung vdi dffa RLPTK cua minh Ngoai viec lim kiem nhflng tilm nang phat trien cua tre, nhflng mat manh cua ire de CM dtfde khuyen khfch, chflng la eflng can ltfu y phdt hien nhflng diem manh cua cac Ihanh vien Irong GD tre Tim hieu xem mdi vien cd the hd trd tre nhflng gl (dfl la rit nhd), hg cd kha nang gl dac biet viec cham sdc va giao due tre Qua dd khuyin khfch hg phat huy va danh Ihbi gian hd trtf tre, giup tre phat trien tdt hdn tai GD, Irtfdng hoc va xa hdi The hiin tinh chuyen nghiip vi chuyin mdn ctia dpi ngu CTSGD infdc GD tre GD ire ludn tin ifldng vao chuyen mdn efla doi ngfi CTSGD, dfi d ctfdng vj GV hay chuygn gia Hg nghT rang, dpi ngfi CTSGD cd the cho ho ldi khuyen xae dang, chan dodn hay giai thfch ve cae van dk cua ire Ddi khi, nhffng thdnh vien GD cd the gap gd dpi ngu CTSGD bat cff thbi diem, dia diem nao dd de mong nhan dtfde stf hd trd cua nha ehuyen mon Mac du, nhan dtfde stf tin itfdng efla GD nhtfng dpi ngu CTSGD khdng dtfde chan doan hay danh gia sd ltfdc vii qua loa rdi dtfa lbi khuyen cho GD Nha chuyen mdn hdp tae vdi GD xay dtfng mgt ke hoach lam viec cho phu hdp va hieu qua Qua ke hdach nay, nha chuyen mdn cin tao dilu kien de eae nha ehuyen mon khdc cung tham gia vao tiln trinh edng viec Ngtfdi ed thai ehuyen mdn tdt can dam bao nhflng nguyen tac lam viec sau 1) Khong nen dtfa lbi khuyen vl tre chtfa ddnh gia tre mot each can than; 2) Chi chia se nhflng thong tin ma minh da chac chin; 3) Hay than vbi kien thfle va kinh nghiem ma minh cd Cho du la mgt nha chuyen mdn cd nhilu kinh nghiem va thu thap dtfde nhilu kiln thffc ve each lam viec vbi GD cfla tre thi eung the khdng de dang dtfa lbi khuyen eho GD Nhii chuyen mon cin cd thdi gian, edng eu danh gla va stf trd giflp cua cdc nha chuyen mdn khae Mdi Ire RLPTK la mgt ea the cd dac diem va nhu cau rieng Vi vay, kiln thfle, kmh nghiem lam viec vbi ire A khong nen dffdc dp dung cffng nhac cho tre B, llnh Irang cua mdi tre nha chuyen mon nen linh hoat each tilp can va ap dung ddi vbi mdi tre De trd mdt nha tu van hay nha cbuyen mon sau, chan chinh va tao dffdc uy tfn va sff tin cay che GD Ire va cdng ddng xa hdi, dbi hdi nha ehuyen mdn can lam viee vdi thai nghiem tue, khoa hge, Ihtfe te va than trgng Dieu giup cho qud trinh hdp ldc vdl gia dinh tin Iffdng vii hieu qua hdn Tu vdn kien thdc vd hudng ddn ki ndng CTSGD tre RLPTK cho GD Hau bet cac GD cd RLPTK deu rat cban nan, that vgng, hg lung tung khdng bill xff Ii the nao, lam de giup tre? Nbilu CM tre dem chay chffa khap ndi, hp eho ring chi cd nhflng cbuyen gia mdi cflU chffa dtfde va hg mudn tram stf nhd ea vao eac chuyen gla Tff vin kien thffc ve CTSGD tre RLPTK cho GD cd y nghia dae biet viec hd trd tam If, Itf vin kiln thffc, kT nang CTSGD Ire cho GD tre, giup hg thtfc hien va phat huy het kha nang viec giflp Ire phat trien va hdp tac tdt hdn vdi nha irflbng trdng qua trinh CTSGD tre RLPTK O GD, CM tre cd vai trd quan trgng viec giffp dd tre phdt trien ve mpi mat Nhflng hau het eac CM tre deu Ihilu kiln thfle ve can thiep tre RLPTK Vi vay, ehuyen gia, gido vien CTSGD cin cung cap cho hg nhflng kiln thfle, kT nang vl CTSGD tre Tfl dd phdt huy vai Irb eua hg doi vdi stf phat trien cua Ire Ndi dung ttf van kien thflc va kT nang CTSGD tre RLPTK rit da dang, my nhien cd the chia nhdm sau: I) Nhffng van de chung bao gdm: CTSGD la gl? Lf cin phai CTSGD, vai trd eua CM tre, giao vien cac vien khac CTSGD, nhffng djch vu hd trd Ire va GD Ire; 2) Nhflng vin dl vl tre RLPTK: Khai niem, dac diem, mffc tat, kha nang nhu ciu, die'm manh diem yeu, sd thfch, dac diem lam if Ire RLPTK ; 3) Nhffng van de vl can thiep tre RLPTK tai GD' Stf hd trd cua cdc vien Irong GD, dilu kien Ihtfe hien CTSGD tre RLPTK tai GD, each Ihffc hd trd Ire ve sinh boat, kT nang ttf phuc vu, edch giao tilp, each chdi vdi Ire tai GD De cd the tff vin cho GD mgi each cd hieu qua, GV phai Iuon dat muc lieu phu hdp, len kl hoach Iam viec vbi CM ire tre ddng thbi phai Iinh hoat de dap flng nhu cau tua Ire //''p ldc giUa nhd truimg vd gia dinh Irong can ihiip sdm gido due tre ren logn phdtu ki Nhil trtfdng nen lien hanh Iff vin cho GD Ire can Ihtfe hien theo tat btfdc satf: Ddnh gid ire tai gia tiinh, len KHGDCN, ltf vin va htfdng din GD tre Ihtfc hien tbeo ke hoach Mbi cac chuyen gia cd kmh nghiem bdi dtfdng kinh nghiem ve each thffc ean thiep Ire RLPTK tai GD Dc Ihtfc hien dtfde dilu nay, can bp htfdng tiin GD cin phai co ehuyen mdn sau vd cd kT nang htfdng dan, tff vin Sin sang Iang nghe va ehia se vdi GD tre Cac CM tre cua tre phai sin sang hoc htii de ed kiln thffc day tre tai GD, Tdng cudng giao tiip traa ddi thdng tin gida nhd tnfdng vd gia dinh Giao tilp dtfde xem la nhan id chu chdt sU hdp lac giffa nhii irtfbng -GD Ire - chuyen gia Thdng qua giao tiep de cung edp thdng tin eho nhau, cung nbau giai quyet tac vin de xung quanh viee giao due Ire Nhb cd trao ddi, nhflng van de sinh nhtf bat ddng vl phtfdng phdp, quan diem ed the dtfde thdo gd Khi giao tiep vdi GD tre, nha trtfbng khdng nen lay ttf cdch "giang day" eho eac CM tre Mac dfl, mdi sd CM tre cd trinh hgc vin thap nhtfng hg vdn cd kha nang hieu cac thong tin va hg nen dtfde CO! nhtf cac "ddi lae quan trong" irong qua trinh gido due tre Trong mdi quan he hdp tac vdi GD tre, nhii trtfbng khdng chi la ngtfdi thu dpng ma cin khuyin khich GD ire chfl dong lien he vdl nhil irtfdng Nha irtfbng va GD ed the giao tilp vdi bdng each 1) Ggi dien Nen sfl dung dien thoai nhtf mol phUdng tien huU hieu de Hen lac vdi GD tre GD Ire se cam thiy ring nha trffdng quan Iam din minh, dilu dd giflp hg an tam hdn; 2) Gffi thdng bao: Giao tilp bing van ban cfing la mgt phtfdng phap hieu qua Khi dflng phtfdng phap nay, nha Irtfbng nen bilt vl irinh dd van hoa cua CM ire va dung ngdn ngff phu hdp vdi trinh dd cfla hg Neu GD tre khdng hieu dtfde nhffng Ihdng bdo cua nha Irtfdng, dac biet nha chuyen mdn ihl ho co the cam thiy rat lo sd Cin tao cd hdi cho GD tre dtfde phan hdi bang van ban hoac bang ggi dien; 3) Din tham GD tre: La mot edch tim hieu thdng tin vl each ffng xff va boan GD cua Ire tdt nhat Dilu se mang Iai eho nha trtfbng indi Itfdng thong tin ldn de co the hieu tie hdn Khi ed the, nha Irtfbng can tao dieu kien de cdc GV den tham GD Ire; 4) To ehffe hdi thao: Nham eung tap Ihdng tin ve CTSGD cho sd Itfdng ldn cdc GD Mgt sd GD tre di dtf hdi thao chu yeu de tim kilm thdng tin tfl ciic chuyen gla irong ITnh vtfc CTSGD mdi sd khdc chu yeu mong mudn gap va ndi chuyen vbi nhffng CM khdc htiiic ndi chuyen vbi GV va nhflng ngtfbi tham gia vao CTSGD cho tre Hdi Ihao nen dtfde td chffc vao mpl thbi diem thuan tien mdt GD cd dtfde nhieu ngtfdi den dtf Hdi thao nen dtfde thdng bao tnrdc it nhat thang Khuyen khich vd thu hut GD fre tham gia cdc hogt dgng citng nhd trudng Day la bien phdp cffc kl huU feh de tang ctfbng stf hdp tdt gifla nha irtfbng va GD ire Khi tham gia cae hoat dgng eflng cae nha ehuyen mdn, GD se thtfc hien dtfde dung vai trd eua minh Irong viec gido due Ire Su chung sflc cua GD va nha trtfbng, cu the la eac nha chuyen mdn se dem Iai hieu qua to ldn CTSGD tre RLPTK GD ire co the tham gia vdo tat ca cae giai doan eua qua trinh td chtfc CTSGD va xay dtfng KHGDCN vdi nhflng mflc dp va ndi dung khdc Hg cd the cung eac nha cbuyen mdn ddnh gia, xay dtfng ke hoaeh can thiep cho tre cfing nhtf thtfc hien kl hoach Ngodi ra, viec tham gia vao cdt boat dong ngoai khoa cua GD eung lam eho stf hdp lae gifla nha Irflbng, GD va cac nha chuyen mdn them khang khft Vi GD thtfdng bill rd ve Ire hdn la nha trtfbng nen nhflng thdng hn eua bo cd y ngbia rat Idn CM lit ngtfbi lilp xuc vbi Ire mot thbi gian dai va mdi ngay, thdi gian tre d nha cung nhieu hdn thbi gian Ire d trUbng Vi Ihl, nha trffbng nen tan dung nhflng thdng tin tua GD Ire qud Irinh xay dUng KHGDCN cho nd phu hdp vdi cuge sdng Ihflc tai cua tre VI vai Irb cua GD ire rat quan trgng nen nhd li-ffbng cin lien hdnh mot sd btfdc de dam bdo cha, me hoac ea hai ngtfdi cd the tham gia vao cut;c hgp xay dtfng KHGDCN Nhffng btfdc bao gdm: Thdng bao trUdc ve cugc hgp va ddt ljeh hgp cho thuan ldi vbi ea hai phia Phia nha irtftmg nen Iam cho GD tre cam thay yen tam Iham gia vao cube hgp CM ed the mbi cac 163 thimh vien GD hoac nhflng ngtfbi khdc cd hieu biet ve dfla tre den tham gia cudc hop xay dtfng KHGDCN Dieu se giup CM cam thiy minh cd ngtfbi cflng ehia se va cd them thdng tin cho viec xay difng ke hoaeh Ket luan Mudn CTSGD tre RLPTK edng nhit thilt phai eoi Irgng stf hdp tac gifla nha trtfbng va GD Hdn nfla, day cflng la cdch thflc de GV cd the cdng tac tdi da dtfde vbi CM Ire nham hd trp, chia se cho cdng tac chuyen mdn cua minh Hdp tac vbi GD la mgt vin dl hit sflc quan trgng, cd tinh ehit eip bach, dbi hdi stf quan tam dac biet cua cac nha nghien cflU Dffa cac mo hinh If thuyet If ttfdng eua stf hdp tdc gifla nha Irtfbng va GD CTSGD vao thffc le khong phai la dieu de diing, nd dbi hdi sfl chuan bi ki eang ve nhan thflc va Ihdi dd eua eae ben Vdi tff each la ngtfdi cd trach nhiem chfnh GV va nha trtfbng can phai dffdc Irang bj nhffng kien Ihflc, kT nang can Ihiet de ed the thflc day sfl tham gia chfl dpng cua CD tre qua trinh CTSGD tre RLPTK Dong thdi, giao tiep vdi GD tre RLPTK, nhd irtfbng can td thai dd Idn Irgng, khdng kl thi vd dinh kiln, hd trd, ddng vien va ehia se vbi hp mpt each chan De cd dtfde mdi quan he hdp tac tdt vbi GD tre, nhil trtfbng can ilm hieu kT ve GD ire va nhan cdc the manh cua mdi ngtfbi ve chuyen mon va nang ltfc de ed the hdp tae, Ihu hut hp tham gia cd hieu qua irong qua trinh CTSGD tre RLPTK, TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I] Bo Giao due va Dao tao, 2008 Dieu li trudng mdm non (Ban hanh kem theo Quylt djnh sd 14 /2008/QD-BGDDf 07 thdng nam 2008 eua Bo irtfbng Bo Gido due va Ddo tao) [2] Chfnh phu ntfdc cong hda xa hdi chfl nghTa Viel Nam, Quyil dinh sd: 149/2006/QD - TTg vi viec phi duyet Du dn ddu tu chiin luoc phdf tridn gido due mdm mm giai dogn 2006 - 2015 [3] DdThj Thao, 2011 Sucdn thiet cua viic hgp tdc giua GV vd CM trang can ihiip sdm tri tu kilda tudi mdu gido KT ylu Hdi thao Khoa htic "Giao due dae biet Viet Nam - Kinh nghiem va trien vgng" Nxb Dai hgc Stf pham Ha Ndi [4] Trin Thi Le Thu, 2012 Dai cuong can thiep sdm cho tre khuyil tdt tri tue Nxb Dai hoc (Judc gia Ha Ngi [5] Nguyen Thj Hoang Yen, 2013 Tu ki • Nhimg vein di U ludn vd ihife tien Nxb Dai hoc Stf pham Ha Noi [6] Nguyen Thi Hoang Yln, 2015 Nghien cifu biin phdp can thiip sdm vd gido due hda nhgp cho tre tu ki d nudc ta hien vd giai doan 2011- 2020 De lai khoa hoc cip Nha Ntfdc, Ma sd: DTDL.2011-T/11 [7] Blair W C Lee I., Cho S., et al, 2011 Positive behavior support through family-school collaboration for young children with autism Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 31(1), 22-36 [8] Dillenburger K., Keenan M., Doherty A., et al, 2010 Living with chililren diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder: parental and profe.ssional views British Journal of Special Education, 37(1), 13-23 [9] Gaboviteh E M,, Curtin C , 2009 Family-centered care for children with autism spectrum disorders: a review Marriage & Family Review, 45(5), 469^98 [10] Epstein J., 2001 School, Family & Community Partnership.s Preparing Educators and Improving Schools Boulder, CO: Wesiview Press Hop tdc gida nhd IrUe'fng vd gia dinh can ihiep se'im gido dut Ire rdi leian phdiukl [11] Jivanjee P Kruzich J M., Friesen B J., et al, 2007 Family perceptions of participation in educational planning for children receiving mental health services School Social Work Journal, 32(1), - [12] Karen Kearns, 2010 The big picture: Publisher Working in Children's Services Series [13] M a r y Bower Russa, Amy L Matthews, and Jamie S Owen-DeSchry, 2015 Supports to Improve the Lives of Families of Children With Autism Spectrum Journal of Positive Behavitir Interventions, 17(2), 95-104 Pearson Expanding Disorder [14] Wood L., Olivier T , 1 Video praduction as a tool for reusing educator awareness collaborative teacher-parent parmerships Educational Research, 53(4), 9 - 4 about Partnership b e t w e e n Schools and Families in E a r l y Educational I n t e r v e n t i o n for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Early Educational Intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders will noi be successftfl without the active involvement of families Within Ihe scope of this article, we assess the awareness of 301 administrators, teachers and parents o f t h e partnership among families and schools in terms of contents, methods and outcomes in early educalional intervention ftir children with autism spectrum disorders in early intervenlion settings It is necessary to propose some measures to improve the partnership, advance Ihe school's role in its cooperation with families in ways such as: Building relationships with young families; Identifying and encouraging the strengths of their family members; Being professional in Us partnership with children's families; Providing information and guidance for intervention skills for families Improving the exchange of information between schools and families; and Encouraging and involving families in school activities Keywords: Early Educational Intervention, Partnership with Families, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Contents and Measures ... tham gia CTSGD Ire can phai hdp tac vdi cac chuyen gia tam If va giao due dac biet de nhan ca tfnh dac biet d tre, sd thi''eh, nguyen vgng eua Ire, khdng nen qua dp dat Ire, ndng vol va ddt ehdy giai... kT nang giao tiep va chuyen mdn tdt Hep xflc vdi GD Ire cflng nhfl can bp eua cae id chffc Doan the, nhdm hd trd cdng ddng, vbi cac chuyen gia ITnh vtfc giao due Ire ttf kl, eae chuyen gia y te... tai GD, Tdng cudng giao tiip traa ddi thdng tin gida nhd tnfdng vd gia dinh Giao tilp dtfde xem la nhan id chu chdt sU hdp lac giffa nhii irtfbng -GD Ire - chuyen gia Thdng qua giao tiep de cung