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TAP CHi KHOA HQC QUAN L t GIAO PgC Sl 03/2014 PHAT TRI^N KHA NANG QUAN SAT CHO TR^ MAU GIAO THONG QUA TRO CHOI HOC TAP TRONG HOAT DONG KHAIVI P H A MOI TRUONG XUNG QUANH N G U Y E N TH! TRlEU TIEN •''''*[.]
S l 03/2014 TAP CHi KHOA HQC QUAN L t GIAO PgC PHAT TRI^N KHA NANG QUAN SAT CHO TR^ MAU GIAO THONG QUA TRO CHOI HOC TAP TRONG HOAT DONG KHAIVI P H A M O I TRUONG XUNG QUANH N G U Y E N TH! TRlEU TIEN •'* hidn tugng Phan Idn thdng tin ngudi ed duge Id nhd quan sdt (Nguyin Thj Hda, Quan sit li mdt nhung thude tinh 2007) Quan sdt Id mdt nhung nhigm tam ly quan trgng cOa nhin cich, viee phat vy quan trgng nhlt cQa gido dye nhgn thdc, hien, boi dwdng nang Ige quan sit cd p nghTa dd vigc phdt hidn, boi dudng ndng lyc quan trgng dii vdi sw phat triin toan dign quan sdt cd J nghTa quan trpng doi vdi sy cua ngwdi, nhit li doi vdi tre em Trd phat trien todn dign eua ngudi, nhlt Id ehai hgc tap hogt ddng kham phi mdi dot vdi tre em trwdng xung quanh khdng ehi gtup tre phat Ooi vdi tre em Ida tuli mim non, tre "hpc trien kha nang tw duy, kha nang chu p; ghi md choi, choi md hge", ehoi ehinh Id cudc nhd va so sanh ma dae biit cdn giOp tre sing eua tre Nhd tam IJ hgc Thyy ST - G phat triin nang quan sat Xuit phit tw Piagie coi trd ehoi Id mdt nhdng hoat dieu dd, ehung tdi da thiit ki cae trd ehai dgng tri tud Id mOt nhdn t l quan trgng doi hge tap boat ddng kham pha mdi vdi sy phat trien tri tug cQa tre (Ngd Cdng trwdng xung quanh nhim phit triin ning Hodn, 1996) Nhd gido dye hgc Nga K.D quan sat cho tre miu giao 5-6 tuii theo Usinxkl cung da nhgn djnh; "Neu vigc dgy nam dang: Trd ehai dang so sinh; trd ehoi hgc hudng tdi sy phdt triln tri tug cua trd thi dang giiu tim; trd ehd dang ddng vai; trd trydc hit nd d n phai ren luydn cho tre nang ehai dang doan; trd ehai dang thiiu thwa lye quan sdt" (PhQng Thj Tydng, 2011) Trd Qua thwc nghiem ehung tdi thay tre rat Choi hge tap hogt dpng khdm phd mdi thu vi mOe phat trien kha nang quan sat trydng xung quanh khdng cht giup tre phdt cua tre dwgc tang len dang ki trien khd nang ty duy, khd ndng chQ J; ghi LDATVANDE nhd vd so sdnh md dgc bigt cdn giQp trd phat trien khd ndng quan sdt Kha nang ndy Kha nang quan sat Id mdt nhCeng khdng chf giQp tre tien bg hinh thudc tinh tdm IJ quan trgng eua nhan each thdnh vd cung d edc bilu tygng cdc sy vat Id hinh thde eao nhdt cua tri gidc vd Id hien tygng xung quanh ma cdn biet dng bien dydng chu y l u de ngydi hge tap, lao linh boat, nhanh nhay sinh hogt vd dOng vd nhdn thde t h i gidi (Do Thj Minh cuOc song Trd choi hpc tap hogt Lien, 2007) Quan sdt la qud trinh tri gidc cac ddng khdm phd mdi trydng xung quanh vda sy vat hign tygng eua hien thye khdch quan la phyong tien vda Id doi tygng tgo nhilu mdt cdeh cd myc dich, cd to ehde, cd ke CO hdi kich thich tre suy nghT, tim tdi va quan hoach phdn dnh nhanh chdng vd chinh xde sat nhung diem quan trpng, chu yeu eua sy vdt TOM TAT ''* Giang vien Tru'dng Dai hpc Su' phgm - Dgi hpc Dd Nang 80 N G U Y E N THI TRIEU T I E N CAC CAN CLP T H I E T K E TRO CHOI HOC TAP N H A M PHAT T R I E N K H A NANG QUAN SAT CHO TRE 2.1 Quy trinh thiet ke tro ehai hgc tap nham phat trien kha nang quan sat cho tre nghe vd thyc hign yeu eau cua gido vien (0 dilm) - Khi nang su dgng each thOe quan sit ehai: Tre chdm chu sy dyng cdc giae quan de quan sdt Quan sat ting thi tryde, sau dd chu ddng hudng tri gidc nhin theo cde trinh tu nhat djnh Theo tde gid Do Thj Minh Lien thi quy trinh thilt ke trd ehoi hge t$p gIm byde + Mue dp 1: Chu dOng phli hgp su dyng sau: hgp ly cde giac quan d l khdo sdt doi tugng va nhgn ra, diln dat mpt cdeh rd rdng, day Bwdc Xac djnh nhidm vy nhdn thde du cdc dau hidu dgc tm-ng, ctia ddi tugng (4 Bwde Lya chpn hdnh dOng choi diem) Bwdc Xac djnh lugt ehoi Bwde Dat ten trd choi Bwdc Xde dinh dQng choi Bwde Hydng dan each choi 2.2 Cdc log! hdnh dong cho>l va mgt s l bilu hign kha nang quan sat ciia tre + Mdc dd 2: Biet sd dyng nhilu giae quan de khdo sat doi tygng va nhdn ra, ndi duge phan Idn cde dau hidu dge trung, cQa ddl tugng, didn dgt rd rdng ede diu hieu dd (3 diem) + Mdc 3: Sd dyng mdt Id chu yeu d l khdo sdt doi tugng, chua su dyng nhieu gidc quan de khao sdt doi tugng vd nh^n ra, ndi dugc mdt dau hieu ddc trung, eua dli tugng, dien dgt ehua ro rdng ede dau hidu dd (1 ^em) * Tiiu ehi danh gii: De ddnh gia mde dp bilu hidn khd nang quan sdt cua tre thdng qua trd choi hpc tgp hoat ddng khdm pha mdi trydng xung quanh, ehung tdi da + Mue 4: Chi sd dyng mdt de khao sat dya trdn cdc tieu chl vd thang danh gid nhy dot tugng vd khdng nhan ra, ndi dugc mdt sau: dau higu dde trung nao eua d l i tugng (0 dilm) - Sw tgp trung chu p: Tre chu y ling nghe yeu d u cua gido vien, tgp trung chQ y tham Tic va thdi gian thge hiin nhigm vg quan sat ehai: TQy vdo tung trd gia vdo hogt ddng choi md gido vien dua ydu d u thdi gian + Mdc dp 1: Tre tgp trung chQ y cao dp de hodn nhiem vu Idng nghe ydu d u cua gido vidn hdng thu quan sdt tu diu den cuoi qud trinh khao sdt + Mdc dO 1: Tre ddc lap thye hidn nhidm vy doi tugng (3 dilm) quan sat vdi tic nhanh giao vien giao nhidm vy vd cd khd nang van dung vdo + Mue dO 2: Trd ehu J de Idng nghe yeu d u cae tinh huong da dgng (3 diem) eua gido vidn, hdng thu quan sdt 2/3 khoang thdi gian khao sat doi tugng (2 dilm) + Mdc dp 2: Tre thye hidn nhidm vy quan sat vdi toe vda phai tren eo sd ed sy ggi y + Mde 3: Tre ling nghe ydu d u eua gido cQa ed vd bgn (2 diem) vien nhyng khdng thydng xuyen, byng thQ quan sat 1/2 thdi gian khdo sdt doi tygng (1 + Mue 3; Tre thyc hien nhigm vy quan sdt vol toe dp chdm tren co sd ed sy giup diem) cQa cd vd cde bgn (1 diem) + Mdc dg Tre thd o, khdng ehii J Idng S l 03/2014 TAP CHi KHOA HQC QUAN L t GlAO DUC + Mdc dp 4: Tre khdng thyc hien dugc nhiem vu quan sat ca cd sy giQp dd vd ggi J cQa va bgn (0 dilm) tranh: hue ticinh (giong nhau) ve mdt trang trgi cd edc eon v^t, bdc vdi ede chi tiet khdng hgp ly: vjt ddng trdn cdy rom gdy, gd boi dudi nudc, meo an cd rlt, thd dn cd, g l * Thang dinh gia: Dya vao sd dilm tre dgt chdn, bd de topng Ho§c bdc tranh ve dugc d tieu ehi neu tren, ehQng tdi xdy khu vudn, bdc cd cdc ehi tilt khdng dung dyng thang ddnh gid kha nang quan sdt eua bi dd qua tren cay eao, dda mgc thdnh trd mdu gido - tuoi hogt ddng khdm ddy dudi dat, hoa lan mpe dudi rugng phd mdi trudng xung quanh theo mdc dp 3.2 Tro choi dgng doan (Game about sau ddy: mathematical puzzle) - Tit: Tre dgt dygc td -10 diem - Kha: Tre dat dyge td - dilm Trung binh: Tre dgt dyge td - dilm Ylu: Tre dgt dugc < dilm Cdc logi hanh ddng choi nhlm gitip tre phdt triln khd nang quan sdt thdng qua trd choi hpc tdp boat dOng khdm pha mdi trudng xung quanh bao gom: hanh dgng so sinh; hinh dgng giau tim; hanh ddng ddng vai; hinh ddng doin; hinh dgng lam thiiu, thira T H I E T K E M O T S T R CHOI N H A M PHAT T R I E N K H A N A N G QUAN SAT CHO TRE D l phdt trien kha nang quan sat eho tre thdng qua trd choi hge tap boat dOng khdm phd mdi tm'dng xung quanh, chQng tdi thiet ke dgng trd ehoi sau: 3.1 Tro cho'i dang so sanh (Game about comparing) Tin trd ehai: Nhin bdng dodn ten eon vdt Mue dich: Phdt trien khd ndng quan sit cho tre, ren tri nhd vd dn, cQng e l v l dgc diem edc vgt Cich choi: ehia Idp thdnh dgi, cd lln lugt cho trd xem bdng den cda edc vlt, tre phdi ndi dugc id gi, sau trd tra Idi cd eho tre xem tranh dnh thgt d l kiem tra kit qud Luit chd: d6\ ndo trd Idi dugc nhilu vat hon se chiln thing 3.3 Tro cho'i dang ddng vai (Game about acting) Ten trd ehai: Chgn nghe Mgc dich: GiQp trd phdt triln kha nang quan sat ben canh dd giQp trd dn va cung c l tgi dde dilm, tinh chit eua tung nghi md bd da hgc Cach ehai: chia Idp thdnh hai ddi, cd cd bdc tranh ve ngudi (bO dgi, cdng an, bde sT, thg xay, thg may, ndng dan) ve dyng cy ciia Mue dich: Phdt trien khd nang quan sdt nghi nghidp (eai cdy Ing nghe, sung, kim eho tre, ren tri nhd vd cung d v l dac dilm ehf ) va noi ldm viec cua cdc nghi (bgnh cdc vdt, cdy d i vien mgng, xudng may may, cdng trinh, Cich ehai: ehia Idp thdnh ddi, moi dOi dudng ) ed eho trd dung bQt chi noi nhung ehi tilt trdn tao thdnh nghe hodn buc tranh vd nhidm vy cua mdi ddi Id quan ehinh (ndng dan + edi cdy + ruOng) sdt va so sdnh nhung vdt, thye vat hue tranh vdi nhung eon vdt, thye vat da Luit chd: dgi ndo nhanh hon, nii dung hge, diing but khoanh trdn nhdng vat, nhilu hon se ehien thang thyc vat khdng hgp IJ Sau dd dodn xem bde tranh nao that, buc tranh ndo gia Md ti bOe Ten trd chon: Tim buc tranh gia N G U Y E N THj TRiEU T I E N (Thay vi dQng bQt noi ed t h i dung nhung the 16 td rdi de xIp k l nhau) Chuin bl': Cd ehuan bj eho mdi tre edc tranh so hinh (xem Hinh 1) 3.4 Tro chffi dang thieu thua (Game about lack and spare) Cich chd: Mdi tre deu duge nhdn edc tranh so hinh, nhidm vu cda trd id quan sat tim quy lugt sip xep vd dien vdo chl Tre ty ldm khdng duge nhin bgn khdc Ten trd chd: Bgn nao gidi Mgc dieh: giup tre phdt triln khd nang quan sdt tim edc quy ludt sap xIp todn hpe Lugt chd: Tre tw lam khdng dwgc nhin bgn khic Hinh 1: Trd chd dang thiiu thwa \