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TRUONG DAI UOC EXDNG THAP Tgp chi Khoa hgc so 13 (6 20 IJ) \ / G I A O DUC HANH VI BAO VE MOI TRITCJNG CHO HQC STNH TIEU HQC THONG QUA HOAT DONG GIAO DUC NGOAI GICl LEN L 6 P • TS DUdng Huy C^nC'''', ThS[.]
TRUONG DAI UOC EXDNG THAP Tgp chi Khoa hgc so 13 (6-20-IJ) \ / G I A O DUC HANH VI BAO VE MOI TRITCJNG CHO HQC STNH TIEU HQC THONG QUA HOAT DONG GIAO DUC NGOAI GICl LEN L P • TS DUdng Huy C^nC', ThS Nguyen Thj Yen Oanhn Tdm tat Bdi bdo trinh bdy kJidi qudt y nghia, muc dich cua gido due hdnh vi bdo vi moi tntdng; thUc trgng nhdn thQc ve tdm quan trpng, vai tro, tdcfiiic gido due hdnh vi bdo ve moi trudng clu? hpc sinh tiiu IIQC cua cdn bp qudn li, gido vien vd hpc sinh Tic do, de xuat cdc bi$n plidp gido due fidnh vi bdo vi mdi trUdng efio hpe sinh tieu fipc tfidng qua hogt dpng gido due ngodi gid lin ldp nham hinh tfidnh cdc chudn muc, hdnh vi tich cUc di cde em hiiu biet, co thoi quen thUc hiin cdc fiogt dpng d nha tn^g Titkfida: moi trudng, gido due hdnh vi, hpc sinh tieu fipe D^t v§n d§ Mdi trtfdng vd bdo vd mdi trtfdng (BVMT) dang Id mdt van de cap bdch dtfdc ca the gidi dac bidt quan tam Chit Itfdng mdi trtfdng cd y ngMa to ldn vd dnh htfdng trifc tiep den stf phdt trien ben vflng ddi vdi cudc sdng ngtfdi Bdn eanh dd, nhdn thtfc v l mdi trtfdng efia hgc sinh (HS) ndi chung, HS tiiu hge ndi rieng cdnrii'tban chd Gido due mdi trtfdng chtfa ldm eho HS Meu bid't dly dfi vd sdu sac ve cdc vln de mdi trtfdng, chtfa hinh thdnh thdi quen sinh hoat hang de cho ede em ttf gidc thife Men Mdi hen hd gitfa kid'n thtfe ve mdi dtfdng vd gido due hdnh vi BVMT da hgc vdi nhifng hdnh ddng cu till ve BVMT la chtfa cao Do dd, vide de vd tiitfe Men nbOng bidn phdp gido due hdnh vi BVMT ndi chung; eiing nhtf nhtfng bidn phdp thdng qua boat dgng gido due ngodi gid ldn ldp (HDGDNGLL) ndi rieng eho HS tiiu hgc vdi muc dich gifip cde em nhdn thtfe dly dfi ve mdi tiifdng Ddng thdi, qua dd nhdm tao dieu kidn d l HS phdt huy tlnh tfch ctfc boat ddng, thl Men tinh ydu tMdn nMen vd mdi trtfdng sdng xung quanh, dieu ndy ed y ngMa vd eung quan ttgng ttong ede boat ddng hgc tap vd gido due hdnh vi BVMT ttong trtfdng tieu hge Men 2, Giao d\ic hanh vi BVMT cho HS tieu hoc Gido due hdnh vi BVMT cd mue dieh lam eho cd nhdn vd cdc edng ddng Meu dtfdc ban chat phtfc tap efia mdi trtfdng ttf nMen vd mdi tiifdng nhan tao Id kit qua ttfdng tdc eua nMeu nhdn td '"' Khoa Gifio due Tieu hpc - Mim non, Tnrdng Dai hpc D6ng Thiip '"' Trutmg Tieu hoc BSn TSn Dinh 3, Giong Rieng, Kien Giang sinh hoc, ly hgc, xd hdi, kinh td vd vdn hda; dem Iai cho hg kidn thtfe, nhdn thtfc vl gid tri, thdi d6 va ky ndng thtfe hdnh de hg tham gia mgt cdch cd ttdch nMem vd Mdu qud ttong phong ngfifa v^ giai quydt ede van d l mdi trtfdng vd qudn ly chil Itfdng mdi trtfdng Gido due hdnh vi BVMT cung dtfde quan mdm la "mdt qud trtnh thtfdng xuyeo, qua dd ngtfdi nhdn thtfc dtfdc mdi trtfdng cfla hg va thu dtfde kid'n thtfc, gid tri Id ndng, kinh ngMem eung quye't tdm hdnh ddng giup hg giii quydt cac vd'n d l v l mdi trtfdng Mdn tai vd tifdng lai, d l ddp fing ede ydu elu cfia cdc tbd bd hifen md khdng vi pham khd ndng ddp tfng cdc nhu cau tiie he tifdng lai" (Dif dn VIE/95/041,1997) Giao due banh vi BVMT khdng cM gidi ban ttong ehuyln giao kien thtfe efia ngtfdi day cho ngitSi hgc md phai bao gdm cdc thdnh td: kinh nghidm, nhdn thtfc vd thdi ve gid tri, ttdch nhidm, kiln thtfe, kl ndng va hdnh ddng Trong trtfdng tieu hgc, boat ddng gido due hanh vi BVMT dtfdc tiitfe Mdn vdi nMlu phiAtog thtfc khdc nhtf tich hdp, long ghdp ttong cdc bdi hge ttdn ldp hodc thdng qua ede boat dgng giSo due Tuy nMen, ttong boat ddng gido due thifdng chu ttgng giao due kidn thtfe hdn tiitfe hidn noi dung HDGDNGLL ndn HS chtfa tiidt stf cd cd hoi the Men nhung hdnh vi, vide ldm eu thl cfia minh Dd Id eac ndi dung: Khdng vfit rde btfa bdi, phii thu gom va rac dfing ndi quy dinh; Sur dung h5 xl bdp ve smb, khdng phdng ue btfa bai; Sfi dung mdt sd vdt Ueu phe thai nhtf gily vun, vdi vun, vo hop d l lam ehdi, dd dung hge tap hay ttang tri nhd 6; Tham gia chdm sdc, bdo vd vdt nuoi, edy ttdng; Trdng cay xanh gdp phan tao cdnh quan xanh - saeh - dep vd giam nMdm mdi trtfdng; TV Tap chl Khoa hpc so 13 (6-2015) TRUdNG SAI HOC E ) N G T H A P gidc BVMT vd phd phdn nhung hdnh vi ldm anh htfdng, phd hoai mdi tiifdng; Tuyen truyin vdn ddng mgi ngtfdi cfing tiiam gia ede edng vide tten HDGDNGLL Id boat ddng dtfde td ehtfc ngodi gid hge cde mdn hgc Id boat ddng nd'i tie'p vd thong nhCt hihi cd vdi boat dgng gido due ttong gid hgc tten ldp Nd Id clu ndi gitfa edng tde gidng day ttdn ldp vdi edng tdc gido due HS ngodi ldp Gido due hdnh vi BVMT eho HS thdng qua HDGDNGLL ehfi ydu Id nham hinh thdnh cdc chuin mtfc, hdnh vi tich ctfc de cde em hieu bidt, cd thdi quen thtfe Mdn ttong ede boat ddng 2.1 Thtfc tr^ng giao due hanh vi BVMT cho HS ti^u hgc Chung tdi tid'n hdnh khao sdt HS ldp 5, gido vien (GV), edn bd qudn II (CBQL) v l vide gido due hdnh vi BVMT tiidng qua HDGDNGLL d eac Trtfdng tiiu hgc Bdn Tdn Dinh 1,2,3 tai Gidng Riing, Kien Giang N0i dung khao sdt gdm nhtfng v^n d l sau Bang Kdt qua danh gia mtfc dO quan trgng cac ho^t dOng giao due hanh vi ddi vdi HS tidu hgc cua CBQL, GV va HS TT H&nhvi H^clgp Giao tig'p van b6a Quan ldm, gidp em nhfi Bio v$ m6i tnltfne CBOL DI^mTB/ ThiJMG 3.1/4 GV Dl^mTB/ llitfbac 4.0/4 Thli bic 3.2/4 HS Chune Di^niTB/ Thilbtic 3.4/4 2.9/3 3.7/2 3,1/3 3,2/3 2.8/2 3,9/3 1.6/1 2,8/2 2.1.1 Thuc trgng nhdn thitc eua CBQL, GV vd HS ve tdm quan trpng c&a gido due hdnh vi thong qua HDGDNGLL Vide gido due chuan mtfc hdnh vi BVMT cd vai ttd quan ttgng ttong qud tnnh hinh vd phdt tiien nhdn cdch eho HS tiiu hge d xa hgi Mdn dai nhung chtfa dtfde nhdn thtfc dung Theo bdng SO heu ttdn, CBQL, GV vd HS diu thdng nh^t cho rang hdnh vi hge tdp la quan trgng nhd^t (diem trung binhtiJf3.1 den dilm) vd dilu dde bidt d ddy Id mtfc dd ddnh gid cao nha't de'n ttf GV, nhong ngtfdi tiifc tiep gido due HS; thtf hai Id hdnh vi giao tiep vdn bda (dilm trung binh ttf 2.9 dd'n 3.7 diem); hdnh vi quan trgng tidp theo dtfdc ddnh gid Id quan tdm, gifip dd cu gid, em nhd; vd thtf ttf la BVMT, hdnh vi ndy dtfdc ddnh gid thap nhd't (diem tiling binh ttf 1.8 den diem) Kdt qud khdo sdt ttdn cho th^y, ttong nhd trtfdng tiiu hgc ehi tdp trung vdo gido due ndi dung kidn thtfe hge tdp cua HS Id eMnh, hg chtfa thdt stf chu y den boat ddng gido due hdnh vi BVMT vd cM xem ddy Id qua trinh ttf phdt, ttf ren cfia mdi HS Bang NhSn thtfc v l vai trd giao d\ic faanh vi BVMT thdng qua HDGDNGLL cua CBQL vd GV Mile d4 nh^ii Ihdc TT vi BVMT IbODg qua HDGDNGLL DSI "SZ % % % ' < , SL 2.0/1 1.9/1 1.8/2 1.9/1 De thd'y rd hdn qud trinh nhdn thtfe eua CBQL, GV vd HS v l tam quan ttgng cua gido due hdnh vi BVMT tiidng qua HDGDNGLL, ehfing tdi bieu diln d Hinh c.» SL SL 22.2 22.2 T7,S 0 0 V.% 0 duang gin II Ihuyfl vfii o Nhim phfii huy vai Dfi CBQL ov J 15 17 SS 0 CBQL 33,3 M7 0 ' ffinh NhSn thtfc cua CBQL, GV va HS v l t^m quan trgng cua giao due hanh vi thdng qua HDGDNGLL LdnaiUi£nghi$m vin d^iig cdng tS b£ sung viho^nlhi^nlrilhifcda Khdng Rfi't quan tnjng sing tao cia HS Lk dip ta^id^ tfau hutc^ ba liTC Ig^ngfiliodye cDng tham gia gi^o due HS La diSu ki^n quan d^ j*n luy^n hinh vl, daodaclSis^nechoHS „ ,5 « = 16 0 CBQL 11,1 S8.9 0 GV ' 35 13 0 » 2.1.2 Thue trgng nhdn thiJCc vi vai tro gido due hdnh vi BVMT thdng qua HDGDNGLL eua CBQL vd GV Kd't qud sd lieu eho thd'y, stf nhan thtfc cfia CBQL vd GV deu ddnh gid d mtfc rd't quan ttgng vd quan ttgng eao (ttf 66.7% dd'n 88.9%) ve vai ttd gido due hdnh vi BVMT Cde CBQL va GV dtfde hdi d i u eho rang viec gido due hdnh vi 15 TRUCfNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chl Khoa hoc so 13 (6-2Q15) BVMT thdng qua HDGDNGLL cd vai ttd quan ttgng vide Mnh thdnh nhan cdch vd gdp phin ndng eao ehat itfdng gido due todn didn cho HS, tao md'i quan be tiidn tMen gitfa thiy vdi tbay, thay vdi trd, ttd vdi trd; gitfa nha trtfdng vdi gia dinh vd xd hdi Tuy nMdn, kM hdi v l viec qudn ly vd edeh td chtfc thtfc Men tM cdc nha qudn ly giao tdng phu ttdeh Ddi, edn td ehtfc cde boat ddng tdp thl ttong nhd trtfdng tM giao eho GV chfi nMdm tien hdnh ede boat ddng theo chu de hang thdng Ngodi ra, ed 4/20 gido vien chtfa nhdn thtfc dung vai ttd cua viec gido due hdnh vi BVMT tiidng qua HDGDNGLL vd ttdch nMdm cfia minh ttong viec gido due HS Hg eho rdng gido due hdnh vi BVMT thdng qua HDGDNGLL ehi Id boat ddng vui chdi giai td Bang Thtfc tr^ng td chtfc chi dao nhiTng phtfdtag phap, bidn phap va hinh thtfc td ehtfc giao due hanh vi BVMT thdng qna HDGDNGLL cua CBQL va GV TT PfatKftig phdp, bi^D phdp vi binh thik ttf chitc Phinmg phdp dinh hiding, co vfi'n cho HS tir t^ chift theo gai * ciia GV TOmg ChQ d^ GV ili?ng t^ chitc cha HS CBQL GV Cbnng SitfmTB/ Tha hfic Biim TBI Till bfc mim TB/ Tfatfblc 2.4/10 2.5/10 2.45/10 2.6/11 2.9/12 2.75/12 2.7/12 2.6/11 2.65/11 T6 chdc thi tim hi^u theo chij Ai T^ chitc Ihi hiing bi^n giii chu 1.7/6 1.7/6 1.7/5 Tdchi?c hdi hoa ddn chil 1.6/S 1.9/9 1.75/6 T6 chile cjc trb chifi d£a gian 1.6/5 i.m 1.7/5 T6 chUc dli vSn nghf 1.9/8 1.9/8 1.9/7 2.2/9 2.1/9 2.15/9 1.6/5 1.3/5 1.45/3 2.2/9 1.7/9 1.95/8 2.4/10 1.9/10 2.15/9 l.S/7 1.3/7 1.55/4 Xfiy dung ke hoach iS chUc hoft d$ng gido due h&nh vi BVMT thflng qua HDGDNGLL i gJD vdi phong aia "i3y duiig mittng hpc thin ibi^n HS n'cb circ'cd nim hoc vi hinethdn^ Lva ehpn cdc ebil H [d chitc hWl d^ng BVMT Chung cho toin infOnR Chl df cdc hof t d$ng chio mimg k$ ni^m cdc ngiy ll 10 tnmg ndm diA mflt s6 nfli dong ho^t d^ng vio tift chio cd dSu tujn smh hoat ldp Td chitc cho GV, HS Iham gia cit 1] ho»l dflng c$ng dfing nhif le hfii ddn gian 1^ nifm cdc ngiy le lfln ngilY truv*n iWtne T6 chile aiSm vlfng, chim s6c 12 di Uch lich sil dii tudng niSm d diaidMftne 16 2.L3 Thuc trgng td chUc thuc hien npi dung gido due hanh vi BVMT ihong gua HDGDNGLL Thtfc trang giao due hanh vi BVMT cho HS Men cdn nhieu han che: ngi dung chuan mi/c HS chtfa dtfdc xac dinh day du, GV chtfa thie't k^' boat dgng nham thu hiit HS tich ctfc tham gia, qu^ trinh ren luyen hanh vi chtfa dtfOc danh gia tiitfdng xuyen va GV cdn lung tung van dung phtfdng phap, hlnh thtfc to chtfc cac hoat dgng giao due hanh vi Cd nhieu nguyen nhan anh htfdng de'n giao due hanh vi BVMT thong qua HDGDNGLL cho HS ttong dd van de nhan thu'c v l tdm quan trgng cua hoat dgng ndy d ca HS va GV deu chtfa nhan thii'c dung, HS chifa tich ci/c, ttf gidc tham gia vao cac boat dgng vi cac hinh thtfc va phtfdng phap sfi dung thie'u iinh boat, ddn dieu va chtfa phti hdp Nhu vdy, vide cac tttfdng tie'n hanh to chiJc mot so hoat dgng da cd tac dung giao due tU ttfdng dem den cho HS tinh cam, thai dp to'tdep doi vdi moi trtfdng tao nen stf gan gui va than tMen nhan thu'c va hanh vi cua cac em Tuy nMen, noi dung cua cac hoat dpng chtfa sinh dgng, Mnh thtfc chtfa phong phu, phtfdng phap to chu'c cdn ngheo nan, lac hau Vide doi mdi phifdng phap to chtfc cac hoat dgng giao due hanh vi BVMT thdng qua HDGDNGLL chtfa Ian toa den tiJfng GV, ttfng HS ttong toan trtfdng Hieu qua hoat dgng tha'p, chtfa phat huy dtfdc tinh tich etfc, chu dgng sang tao cua HS Vi vay, viec xay dtfng quy tiinh cung nhtf de xua't cac bien phap gido due hanh vi BVMT thdng qua HDGDNGLL la mgt nhu cau dang dtfdc dat thtfc tiln Mdn 2.2 Ket qua khao nghiem cac bien phap giao due hanh vi BVMT cho HS De danh gia dtfdc stf phu hdp va tinh can tMe't cua bien phap gido due hanh vi BVMT cho HS ldp thong qua HDGDNGLL, ddng thdi xac dinh tinh kha thi cua cac bien phap dtfa nghien ctfu gom: 1) Tiep tuc giao due nhan thfic ve hanh vi BVMT cho HS ldp thong qua HDGDNGLL; 2) Td chtfc cac cuoc thi tim hieu ve moi trtfdng, tM ttf lam dung hgc tap bdng cae vat dung co Tap chi Khoa hgc so 13 (6-2015) fRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP ;5n; 3) Tang cirdng stf lanh dao cua nha trtfSng ttfi vfli c4c hoat d6ng giio due hinh vi BVMT lk phong trko "Xanh hoa Mp em "; 4) To chUc cho rIS ttf nguy6n ky cam ktft lam t6't cong tac BVMT; i) Tang ctfdng kiem tra, danh gii, rut kinh nghiem /idc to chtfc thtfc hien cdc hoat dong Chdng toi itfn h^nh khdo nghiem bkng phitfu hoi vdi cac Jtfi ttfdng CBQL, GV vi HS dtfdc ktft qua nhtf sau v^ cac Cic bi^n phip Bi§n ph^p Bi#n phdp Bign phdp Bign phdp Biln phdp thtfc trtfdc ngMen ctfu 1& 7.9 diem, sau kM ap dung cae bien phap giSo due hanh vi BVMT m^ de tM d l xu^t da tang 16n 10.9 diem Dilu dd ehi3^g td, c^e bi$n phdp m^ chiing tdi de xuS^t giSo due hknh vi BVMT eho HS ldp cd tinh Mdu quS eao Ve hdnh vi: bieu hien khS nang phat trien hanh vi cua HS ldp Trtfdng Tieu hge B^n TSn Dinh cd chieu htfdng Bang Ktft qua thong kd cua cac doi tvl0ng tang len rd r6t Cu the, bi^n phap giao dye hanh vi BVMT cho HS ldp thdng qua d i ^ m trung binh cdng HDGDNGLL trtfdc nghien ctfu 1^ 8.3 Ml}cd$ diem, sau dp dung de tki Cin R i t cin Kh6ng R i t kha KhSng nghidn etfu hanh vi eua Kha thi thift thift can thift thi kha thi cdc em tang len Id 12.2 SL SL SL SL SL SL d i e m D i ^ u n a y giiip 1.8 0 109 100 0 107 98.2 chung tdi tin ttfdng vdo k6't quS nghien etfu ban 0 89 81.7 20 18.3 97 89 12 11 dau vh md rdng dp dung 3.7 0 0 105 96.3 109 100 vi6e gido diie hdnh vi BVMT eho HS tieu hgc 0 0 107 98.2 1.8 109 100 0 tren dia bdn tinh Kien 22 0 78 24 2.8 0 85 106 97.2 Giang % % % % Ket qud bdng sd' lieu khdo ngMem ve mtfc cSn tMet vd linh khd thi cua cde bidn phdp ttf each nhin nhdn cua cde dd'i ttfdng diu thong nhat eao cu th^, nam bien phdp d l xuSft d i u dtfdc CBQL, GV vd HS danh gid mtfc rd't cin tMet vd r^t khd tM chiem ty 18 cao, dd cd ba bidn phdp ddnh gia rat cin thiet vdi 100% Dieu chtfng td ndm bidn phdp chdng tdi d l xuat Id rd't ean thie't, ra't khd tM va phil hdp de vdn dung vao viee gido due hdnh vi BVMT eho HS Idp thdng qua HDGDNGLL d dia bdn huydn Giong Riing, tinh Kidn Giang tfong giai doan hiln Chung tdi eiing tid'n hdnh khdo ngMem v l nhan thtfe vd hdnh vi eiia HS ve bdy ndi dung ehu^n mtfc hdnh vi vd bi6n phdp thtfc Men cac chud'n miTc hdnh vi ndy trtfdc va sau thtf ngMfm nhtf sau: Vi nhdn thQe: diem trung binh cdng ve nhan % % K^t luan Giao due hdnh vi BVMT Id mdt viec ldm ddi hdi phdi ed stf kien tri, thtfdng xuydn, dong thdi phai theo nguyen tde ttf giae vd thtfc Men nMlu bidn phdp giao due khde Van de gido due hanh vi BVMT eho HS thdng qua HDGDNGLL phai gdn liln viee hge kie'n thtfe tren ldp, vdi gid tri dao dtfe xa hgi Gido due hdnh vi BVMT ddi hdi HS phdi nam dtfde cdc chu^n mtfc hanh vi vd each thtfe van dung nhtfng hdnh vi dd vao hge tap, cugc sd'ng, giao tilp vd d mgi liie mgi ndi Stf quan tdm nMet eiia thiy ed gido ve gido due hdnh vi BVMT day hgc cung nhtf eac hoat ddng giao due, stf phoi hdp dong bd cua eae to ehtfc dodn the xa hgi chung tay BVMT chdc ehan chiing ta se tri mdi trtfdng xanh vd phdt trien ben vtfng trSn ttai dat./ 17 mUONG DAI HOC DONG THA? Tap chi Khoa hpc so 13 (6-2of| Tai U$u tham kliao [1] Bo Giio due vk Bao tao (2008), Tai lieu tap hudn - Hdi thao Giao due BVMT nha tnrcmg (Cdc tlnh Ddng bang song Ciru Long), Dong Thip [2] BO Giio due v i Dao tao (2012), Gido due BVMT - Tdi liiu tap hudn ndng cao nhdn thtic ndng luc BVMT cho sinh vien cdc trtrdng dai hoc sir pliam, cao ddng supham, trung hoc supham cic tinh ichu vuc Bdng bang song CIJCu Long, Dong Thap [3] Nguyin Thi Ytfn Oanh (2014), Gido due hdnh vi BVMT cho HS Up thong qua hoat 1^ gido di^c ngodi gid len ldp, Luan van Thac si Giio due hpc Titfu hpc, Trtfdng Dai hpc D6ng Tlifip, [4] H i Nhit Thing (Chu bien) (2000), Thuc hdnh to chdc HDNGLL, NXB Giio due EDUCATING PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES Siunmary This article presents a general meaning and aims of educating pro-environmental behavior; the reaUty of the awareness of the management staff, teachers and smdents of the importance, role and organizing activities to educate pro-environmental behavior for elementary school students; thence to propose measures to educate environmental behavior for elementary school students through extracurricular activities to estabUsh standards, positive behavior to give students better understanding of protecting environment to have suitable habits to perform in school activities Keywords: environment, educate pro-environmental behavior, elementary school students 18 ... 4/20 gido vien chtfa nhdn thtfc dung vai ttd cua viec gido due hdnh vi BVMT tiidng qua HDGDNGLL vd ttdch nMdm cfia minh ttong viec gido due HS Hg eho rdng gido due hdnh vi BVMT thdng qua HDGDNGLL... and organizing activities to educate pro-environmental behavior for elementary school students; thence to propose measures to educate environmental behavior for elementary school students through... Thuc trgng nhdn thitc eua CBQL, GV vd HS ve tdm quan trpng c&a gido due hdnh vi thong qua HDGDNGLL Vide gido due chuan mtfc hdnh vi BVMT cd vai ttd quan ttgng ttong qud tnnh hinh vd phdt tiien nhdn