Y kien trao doi sS 65 ndm 2014 DANH GIA NANG LlTC SU" DyNG TlT NGU* CUA HOC SINH P H 6 THONG NGUYEN THI HI^N" TOM T A T Vdn di ddnh gid nang luc sir dung ngdn ngir ciia hgc sinh phd thdng da dugc dgt[.]
Y kien trao doi sS 65 ndm 2014 DANH GIA NANG LlTC SU" DyNG TlT NGU* CUA HOC SINH P H THONG NGUYEN THI HI^N" TOM T A T Vdn di ddnh gid nang luc sir dung ngdn ngir ciia hgc sinh phd thdng da dugc dgt tir lau dgy hgc Tiing Viet Tuy nhien, thirc ti vdn cdn khdng it vdn di cdn phdi dugc quan tdm vd gidi quyit mdt cdch triet di nhdm gdp phdn diiu chinh vd ddi mdi hogt dgng kiim tra, ddnh gid kit qud hgc tap cua hgc sinh theo hudng ddnh gid ndng lire ~ mot nhirng mdt xich Irgng yiu ciia qud trinh ddi mdi gido due phd thdng hiin Bdi viit ndy di xudt mdt so vdn de ve ddnh gid ndng luc sii- dung tir ngir cua hgc sinh theo hudng tiip can ndng luc nhdm gdp phdn hd tra gido viin trong qud trinh gidng dgy vd kiim tra, ddnh gid Tirkhda: kiem tra, danh gia; nang lire sir dung tir ngii ABSTRACT The assessment ofword-using competency of high school students The Assessment of Language Proficiency competency of high school students have been set for a long time in teaching Vietnamese However, in fact, many problems still need to be considered and thoroughly solved to contribute to adjustment and innovation in examination and evaluation of learning outcomes of students towards competency assessment, one of the key links of innovation process in education nowadays.This article present some issues about word-using competency assessment of high^ school students towards approaching capacity to support teachers in teaching, examination and assessment processes Keywords: examination, assessment, word-using competency \ Viec day hpc Tieng Viet d trudng phd thdng hien ed nhilu npi dung khae nhau: chinh td, tir vung, ngir phdp, phong cdch ngdn ngit, biin phdp tu tir, hdi thogi, ehuang trinh dia phuong, kiim tra ddnh gid Tiiy timg lap hpc, bac hpc ma ehuang trinh phan lugng cho timg ndi dung day hpc cd su khac Trong sd thdi lugng chung danh eho npi dung day hpc Tiing Viet timg lop, vi du nhu d THCS la 35 tilt thi phin danh cho tir ngu d lap la 12 tiit, d lop la 15 tiit, d lap la tiit va d lop la 10 tiit Nhu vay TS, Trudng Dai hpc Hai Phdng 130 vdi tdng sd 140 tiet Tieng Viet chuong trinh Ngu: van THCS hien hanh thi so lugng thdi gian danh cho Tir ngu: tdng cpng la 46 tiet, chiem ti le i i % THPT, npi dung hpc tap chu ylu la eac van de ve phong each ngdn ngii, cae biSn phap tu tir, hpi thoai, li thuylt giao tiep nen nhiing van de ve tir ngii dugc dan xen eac npi dung n^y ma khdng eo sir tach biet mot each ro rang nhu THCS [1], [2] Chiing ta hay theo ddi bang so sanh dudi day (dutrc chung tdi tdng hgp tir ndi Nguyen Thi Hiin Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM dung dgy hgc timg lap dugc quy dinh Chuong trinh gido due phd thdng mdn Ngir vdn vd SGK Ngir vdn 6,7,8,9) de thay rd hem ti le thdi lupng danh cho phan tir ngii so vdi thdi lugng danh cho ~~ —•— JTh6i lu-OTig Lop Ldp Ldp Ldp Tdng cgng: Nhin vao bang so sanh tren, chiing ta ed the de dang nhan la, dii phan lugng d timg ldp hpc, bac hpc the nao di nira thi ndi dung day hpc tir ngir d ea THCS va THPT van la mpt nhthig npi dung nhan dugc sir chii y thieh dang ciia chuong trinh Rieng d bac THCS, ldp nao cung ed eac ngi dung day hpe rieng ve tir ngit, thai lugng kha nhieu va tuong ddi ddng deu giiJa cac ldp Npi dung day hpc tir ngu nhu vay la quan trpng va sir quan tam ciia giao vien ddi vdi mang npi dung kien thiic ay ciing khdng phai la nhd Nhung nhung dieu dd khdng ti le thuan vdi kit qua sii dung tir eiia hpc sinh boat dpng giao tiep ndi ehung va hpc tap ndi rieng nhu chung ta chd dgi Qua khao sat cac bai kilm tra, eac bai lam van cua hpe sinh cung nhu trao ddi vdi giao viSn, ehiing tdi nhan thiy hpc sinh cdn mac kha nhieu ldi vl dung tir nhu: ldi dung sai nghTa tir, ldi kit hgp tir, ldi diing tir khong phii hgp vdi ngu canh Vi lai nhu vay? Theo chung'tdi cd nhilu li de giai thieh eho hien tugng nay: phai ehang npi dung day ngii.phap d THCS de hieu them phin nao dd viec chiing toi dat van de danh gia nang lire su dung tir ngO cua hgc sinh phd thdng: Tu-vijmg Ngir phap 12 tiet 15 tiet tiet 10 tilt 46 tiet 19 tiet 13 tiet 20 tiet 16 tiet 68 tiet hpe cdn raang tinh kinh vien, thien ve trinh bay li thuyet theo kieu he thdng, eau tnie raa phan nao dd cdn rihe ve viec hanh chirc, viec thuc hien chiic nang cua ngdn ngu; phai ehang phuong phap d^y hpe eua giao vien ehua sang tao, chi day theo sach, day theo each giai thich li thuyet va minh hpa li thuyet; va phai ehang ciing each kiem tra danh gi^ cua giao vien ddi vdi hpc sinh la each kiem tra hudng den li thuyet, hudng den nhan thiic ma it ed sir quan tam den sir van dung li thuyet, dua li thuyet vao thue tiln ? Trong bai viet nay, chiing tdi muon ban sau them mdt nhiing li vira neu d tren: each kiera tra danh gia kT nang sir dung tir ngii ciia hpc sinh 2, Trong trudng thong, nhin tir phuang dien nghia hpc, hpc sinh duge tim hieu eac npi dung sau: nghia ciia tir, tir ddng nghia, tir trdi nghia, truong nghia ; nhin tir phuong dien ket hpc, hpe sirih dugc tim hieu: cdu tgo tir, khd ndng kit hop tir, chirc ndng cit phdp cua tir ; nhin tir phuong dien dung hpc, tir 131 Y kien trao doi dugc tim hieu moi quan he vdi hoan canh va ngudi dung: nghia hiin ngdn, nghia hdm ngdn, hdi thogi Vdi timg npi dung tren, each kiem tra danh gia nang lire hpe sinh se cd sir khac nhau, tiiy thudc vao npi dung va muc dich kiem tra danh gia Nhung cung tir nhiing ket qua khao sat, phdng van tren, cd the ndi mdt caeh khai quat nhat, viec danh gia hpc sinh hien ciia giao vien ehd yeu la each kiem tra danh gia nh$n thiic, danh gia su hieu biet cua hpe sinh ve nghia cua tir, tir ddng nghia, tir trdi nghia, trudng nghia; cdu tgo tir, khd nang kit hap tir, chirc nang cii phdp ciia tir Dieu ed nghia la each danh gia nghieng ve gdc dp kiem tra, danh gia chieu sau kien thiic cua hpc sinh ve he thdng, cau tnie eua tieng Viet Con viec danh gia hpc sinh ve each sii dung cae hieu biet ve tir de tao ldi ndi, tao eae bai viet thi lai ehua duge chu y nhieu Dieu phan anh ragt thue te la viec danh gia ve sir dung tir cua hpe sinh cdn nhimg dieu bat cap, chua phat huy dugc nSng lire hpc sinh Chinh vi vay ma ket qua la hpe sinh ed the hieu dugc nghTa ciia tir, nam dugc cau tao cua tir, biet dugc day dii chire nang ngir phap cua tCr ma cac em van khdng tao duge nhung eau van hay, nhiing bai vilt tdt Day la dau hieu the hien ro nhat nang lire sir dung tir cua hpc sinh edn nhiing ban ehl nhit dinh Van de danh gia nang lire sii dung tir Clia hpc sinh phd thdng da duge dat tir rat lau nhung khdng cd nghTa la lau raa van de da dugc giai quyet rapt each triet de Cdn nhieu dieu lam chung ta ban 132 S6 65 nam 2014 khoan, eo vin dl: chiing ta da rong nhilu nam danh gia viec sii dung tir ciia hpc sinh, nhung ddnh gid nhir the ndo la ddnh gid theo hudng tiip can ndng luc? Dudi day, chiing tdi xin neu len each hieu ciia minh viec danh gia hpc sinh sii dung tic ngu theo hudng tilp can 2.1 Ddnh gid ndng luc su ditng tvr ngit cua hgc sinh thdng qua ddnh gid qua giao tiep vd bang giao tiep Vi|c danh gia chinh xac va day du nang lue sii dung tit tieng Viet, theo chiing toi, dieu quan trpng nhat khong phai la d viee cac em hieu dung hay sai nghia ciia tir, biet day la tir ghep cdn la tir lay, tao nhiing ket hgp diing hay sai quy tic ngii phap tieng Viet ma la d viec cac em cd su dimg dugc tir ngu: d§ hpe dd vao hoat dpng giao tiep - ke ca giao tilp true tilp (mieng) va giao tilp gian tiep (viet) - hay khong Nhu vay, vi?c ed diing dugc tir da hpc, da biet vao boat dpng giao tiep hay khdng s6 trd rapt tieu chi danh gia nSng li^c sir dung tir eiia hpc sinh Ndi den chiie nang ngdn ngO, khong the khdng chii y den luan diem ciia V I Le-nin: ''Ngdn ngir la phuong ti^n giao tiip quan trgng nhdt ciia xa hdi hdi ngudi" Xem xet kT luan de nay, chiing ta nhan thay cd hai diem nhan khae nhau: phucmg tien (giao tilp) va (phuang tien) giao tiip Caeh nhan thiic \ e dilm nhin khac se dan tdi nhirng phuong hudng khae viec tim hilu ngdn ngii va theo dd la viec day tiing cung se khac Trong day hoc tiing Viet, nlu coi ngdn ngir la phuong tiin, Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM chung ta se tap trung giiip hpc sinh tira hieu he thdng ciu tnic ngdn ngii:, eae don vi ngdn ngir va luyen cho cac em each sir dung phuang tien dd boat ddng giao tiep Day la qua trinh td chuc ngdn ngd- de giao tilp Dd la qua trinh dl tir viee hieu ngdn tir den viee van dung ngdn tir vao boat dpng Con theo hudng thii hai, hpc sinh se den thang vdi cac tinh hudng giao tiep va thong qua viec giai quyet eac tinh huong do, cac em se nit dugc each thiie sir dung ngdn ngii Day la qua trinh td chirc giao tiip bang ngdn ngir Qua trinh di tir viec hinh kT nang td chiic giao tiep den viec hinh kT nang ngdn ngir, kT nang sir dung tieng Viet Trong nhilu nam trudc day, viec day tiing Viet di theo hudng thii nhit, hudng nhan manh tinh chat phucmg tiin cua ngdn ngii, nen ket qua day hpc tieng Viet nha trucffig chua cao Chung ta day nhieu, hpe sinh rad hdi cdng sire ciing lam ma viec sii dung tieng Viet cua cae em van cdn nhieu sai sdt Cac em cd the dpc thuoc long cac dinh nghTa, cac quy tae sir dung tir ngii nhung diing ehung nhu the nao giao tiep, dd la dieu eac era ehua lam dugc Nhan thiic ro nhirng ban chi ay viee day tieng theo hudng thu nhat, viee day tiing nha trudng hien d3 cd nhieu thay ddi Chung ta da chii trpng ban den viee vira dam bao cung cap cho hpc sinh nhiing tri thiic vl he thdng ngdn tir, vira dam bao giiip cac em nam dugc dae diem ciia tir ngii tiing Viet viee thue hien chiie nang Qua giao tiep va bing giao tilp, cac em se hinh nang luc ngon ngir, cd Nguyen Thi Hien kT nang sir dung tir tieng Viet Ket qua hpc tap tieng Viet ciia hpc sinh dugc danh gia khong phai la d ehd eac em nhac lai ed day du, chinh xac eac li thuyet tir ngir hay khdng raa ehii yeu phai la viec eae em cd thuc hanh dugc khong, ed xu li diing dan cac tinh hudng giao tiep bang ngdn ngii hay khdng Bdi the, viec danh gia nang lire su dung tir ngii cua hpc sinh qua giao tiep va bang giao tiep la het sire can thiet Day la mpt hudng di diing khong phai chi vdi viec day tieng d Viet Nam ma cdn diing vdi nhieu nude tren the gidi 2.2 Ddnh gid ndng luc su dung tu ngit cda hgc sinh la ddnh gid "ki thugt*' td chuc giao tiep bdng ngdn tu Cd the coi "kT thuat" td ehiie giao tilp la tieu chi thii hai de danh gia nang lue sii dung tir eua hpc sinh Viec day hpc tir ngii" nha trudng khdng phai chi don thuan la cung cap cho cae em rapt sd khdi niem hay quy tic ngon tir, ma mue dich eudi eiing la giup cho cac em cd dugc nhung kT nang, kT xao viee sir dung tir ngii Hpc sinh khdng the chi biet nhimg li thuyet ve trudng nghTa tieng Viet, biit mot khdi lugng ldn cac tir ngir, ma lai khdng cd kha nang sir dung nhung hieu biet ay vao giao tilp Day tieng cho cac em khdng phai chii yeu la day ""'ki thugf ngon tir, dimg tir the nao cho hay, cho ggi cam ma la day "jtf thugi" giao tilp Bdi thi, viec day tir ngii gin liln vdi hoat ddng giao tilp la dudng ngan nhit, cd hieu qua nhit giiip cae em nam dugc cac quy tic su dung ay Vi the cd the ndi day hoc 133 Y kien trao doi tir ngQ- cho hpc sinh chinh la day cho cac em each td chirc giao tiep bang tir ngir Nhin tir gdc dp ngir nghia cua tir he thdng ngdn ngtr, tiic la xera xet nghTa ciia tir tach rdi ngdn ban, ehiing ta thly cac phln nghTa, cac net nghTa ludn hoa quyen vao nhau, quan he chat ehe vdi ma khdng tdn tai biet lap, va khong phai bao gid ciing cd the phan dinh ranh gidi giira cac nghTa mpt each that rd rang Cac nghTa mang tinh khep kin, khong biln ddi diing he thdng Cdn nhin tir gde dp chiie nang, chung ta thay qua trinh hoat dpng giao tiep, nghTa cua tir duge xac dinh mpt each cu the, rd rang, luon cd sir bien ddi va chuyen hoa Tir ed the duge md rpng nghia hoae ciing cd the bi nit bdt nghTa, thu hep nghTa so vdi nghTa cua ban than tir diing he thong Sd dT nhu vay vi mpt mat tir di vao ldi ndi se nam mol quan he vol cac tir khac, mpt mat chinh each li giai nghTa ciia tir mpt each khac d nhirng ngudi giao tiep khac dem lai Vi vay, viec chpn tir ngii nay, loai bd tir ngir khac, khong phai chi phan anh khach quan hien thue ma thudng ciing vol nd la sir phan anh '"kT thuat" to ehiic giao tilp, phan anh thai dp hoac each quan niem ve nhung hien thuc dugc phan anh dd Vi du, hai cau dual day khdng phai ehi la sir phan anh hien thuc ma la su the hien thai dp, each nhan thiic vl hien thue thuc hien giao tilp: Viit Nam - Mgt nghin ndm dudi aeh dd hg ciia phong kien phuong Bdc Viet Nam - Mgt nghin ndm chdng dch hd cua phong kien phucmg Bdc S6 65 ndm 2014 Hai cau ndi phan anh hai thai do, hai quan niem khac viec nhin nhan vl ciing mot hien thue Nhu vay, nang lire sir dung tir can phai duge xem xet, danh gia sir doi chieu vdi boat dpng giao tiep: ed phii hpp vdi ngudi nghe, ngudi ndi hay khdng; eo phan anh day du, chinh xae thai dp va tinh cam ciia ngudi ndi, ngudi vilt hay khong Trong radi quan he thi "kT thuat" ngdn tir mdi chi la phuong tien edn "kT thuat" giao tilp, kit qua giao tiep la mue dieh 2.3 Ddnh gid ndng luc sit dung tu ngit cua hgc sinh Id ddnh gid hieu qud tde dpng cua tit ngit duac cdc em diing bdi ndi, bdi viet Hieu qua cd the duge xem xet danh gia qua viec xem xet, ddi ehilu kit qua dat dugc so vdi muc dieh dat Day la tieu chi thii ba de danh gia nang lire su dung tir ngii cua hpc sinh pbd thong Viee giao tiep bang ngdn ngfi khdng chi nham muc dich thdng tin ma chii yeu la nhara muc dich tae ddng Mol van ban khac nham mpt mue dich khae nhau, cho nen viec lua chpn ngon tir phu thupe vao muc dich ay va ein phuc vu tot nhat cho viec dat rauc dieh ay Co van ban ddi hdi nhiing tir ngii duge diing phai cd sire ggi cao Cd van ban lai ddi hdi tir ngii dugc dimg phai cd tinh chinh xac, chat che Cd van ban ddi hdi tir ngii phai hiing hon, danh thep Chinh su phii hgp giira ngdn tix vdi muc dich van ban se cd sir tac dpng den ngudi dpc ngudi nghe Hai hi ngir cd the ciing phan anh mpt khai niem, nhung d van ban chi chip nhan tic ma khdng chip n h ^ tit Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM khac, cdn d van ban khae thi ngugc lai Bdi vay, viee danh gia nang iuc sir dung tir ngii cua hpe sinh cln phai duge danh gia viec ddi chieu vdi muc dich dat ra, vdi hieu qua eua viec tac dpng Ndi mpt each khac, danh gia nang lire dung tir ngir eiia hpc sinh can hudng den viec danh gia sir phii hgp giira ngdn tir dugc dung vdi npi dung van ban, vdi phong each ehurc nSng ngdn tir Viec dimg tir ngii phii hgp se chilm dugc tinh cam ciia ngudi doe ngudi nghe, va qua viee ehiem dugc tinh cara ay ma tae dpng den nhan thiic, hanh ddng ciia hp, giiip hp dat dugc ket qua raa rainh mong muon 2.4 Ddnh gid ndng luc su dgng tir ngit cda hgc sinh vita cdn ddnh gid tiit hgc tren ldp, vira can ddnh gid nh&ng hogt dgng tu nhien Nang lire su dung dung tir ngii cua hpc sinh khdng bao gid duge the hien het nhiing gjd len ldp, nhirng bai kilm tra vilt hoac kilm tra mieng Do dae didm cua nhirng tiet hpe: sir hien dien eua giao vien; thai dp, anh mat ciia b^n be; sy rang bude ve thdi gian nen mpt bai viet, bai ndi nao dd cua cac em se khdng the va khdng bao gid phan anh dugc nang lire that ciia cac em Kit qua tren ldp chi hoc 16 rapt phan nao nang lire sii dung ngdn tir ma cac em ed dugc Bdi vay, de danh gia duge dly du va chinh xac nang luc dd, giao vien phai quan sat, theo ddi va danh gia viec diing tir ngii ciia cac em mdi trudng boat dpng ty nhien eua rainh Mot em nao dd, giao vien chi dinh noi mpt dilu gi diy tren ldp, thi rat cd the "cay mieng" em cung khdng ndi era da khdng thieh Nguyen Thi Hien ndi va cung vi the giao vien khdng thi danh gia chinh xac duge nang luc diing tir cua em Nhung eung chinh em dd, nhung lue giai lao, vui ehoi vdi ban be thi cd the em lai la ngudi ndi nhilu nhat, "ndi khdng ngimg, khdng nghi" Phai ehang, d mdi trudng tir nhien nay, em khdng chiu bit ki mdt ap lire nao, mot su chi phdi nao Era ndi mpt each tu nguyen, ndi mot each tu nhien DSy chinh la thdi dilm giao vien ed thi ling nghe dl biit dupe nang luc that nhit viec sir dung tir ngir ciia hpe sinh Vi the, ben canh viec danh gia chinh khda, de danh gia diing dugc nang lire dimg tic cua hpc sinh, giao vien nen cd sir lang nghe, danh gia hpc sinh mdi tnrdng ndi nang tu nhien eua cac em Tren day la mdt sd suy nghT bude dau Clia chiing tdi boat dpng danh gia viec sir dung tir ngii eua hpc sinh theo hudng tiep can nang lire Chung tdi tin ring, vdi nhiing hpi thao ve cac vln dl Ngir van dugc Bp Giao due va Dao tao, cac dja phuong, cac trudng dai hpc da va se to chiic, cimg vol sir cd gang ehung cua cae thay cd giao va eac nha nghien ciiu Ngii van, nhimg van de ve nang lire sir dung tieng Viet ndi chung va nang lire sii dung ngdn tir ciia hpe sinh se dugc lam ro them va nhQng tieu chi danh gia cac nang lire ay cung se dugc xac dinh thdi gian sip tdi day Viec xac dinh rd dugc eac vin dl se la diera tira dl giao vien phd thong ed the day tdt phin Tieng Viet nha trudng, dap iing duge doi hdi cua dat nude thdi ki edng nghiep hda va hien dai hda dat nude 135 y kien trao doi TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bp Giao due va Dao tao (2006), Chuong trinh gido d^c phd thdng mdn Ngir vdn, Nxb Giao due Bp Giao due va Dao tao (2010), Sdch gido khoa Ngir vdn 6,7,8,9, Nxb Giao due Do Hiiu Chau (1996), Tir vung ngir nghia tiing Vi$t, Nxb Dai hpe QuIcgiaHaNpi Le Thi My Ha (2013), "Van dung PISA vao danh gia mdn NgG van nha tnrdng thdng", Ki yeu Hdi thdo khoa hgc Qudc gia ve dgy hgc Ngir vdn d nhd trudng phd thdng Viet Nam, Nxb Deii hpc Su pham, tr.511 -524 Lai Thi Thu Hi6n (2013), "Thuc hien ddi mdi de kiem tra danh gia gdp phln nang cao chat lugng giang day mon Ngil vSn d trudng trung hpc phd thdng", Ki ylu Hgi thdo khoa hoc Qudc gia ve dgy hgc Ngu vdn a nha trudng phd thdng Viet Nam, Nxb Dai hpc Supham, tr.477-482 Diie Nguyen (2000), "Ve h8 phuang phap day nghTa eua tic cho hpe sinh trung hpc ea sd", Tgp chi Ngdn ngir, 01/2000 (Ng^y Tda so^n nh$n duQC b^i: 28-10-2014 ng^yphSn ng^ychdp 136 S6 65 nam 2014 nh$n dSng: 19-12-2014) bi$n d^nh giS: 06-11-2014; ... thue te la viec danh gia ve sir dung tir cua hpe sinh cdn nhimg dieu bat cap, chua phat huy dugc nSng lire hpc sinh Chinh vi vay ma ket qua la hpe sinh ed the hieu dugc nghTa ciia tir, nam dugc... dung tir ngir ciia hpe sinh Vi the, ben canh viec danh gia chinh khda, de danh gia diing dugc nang lire dimg tic cua hpc sinh, giao vien nen cd sir lang nghe, danh gia hpc sinh mdi tnrdng ndi nang... sinh se cd sir khac nhau, tiiy thudc vao npi dung va muc dich kiem tra danh gia Nhung cung tir nhiing ket qua khao sat, phdng van tren, cd the ndi mdt caeh khai quat nhat, viec danh gia hpc sinh