PHAT TRIEN NANG lUC NGON NGO VA NANG LIIC VAN HOC CHO HOC SINH PHO THONG TRU^dC YEU CAU M 6 | O TS, NGUYEN QUANG Cl/ONG" T P trude din nay, ndi d in ndi dung dqy hqc cua mdn Tiing Viit (6 H IU hqc), N[.]
PHAT TRIEN NANG lUC NGON NGO VA NANG LIIC VAN HOC CHO HOC SINH PHO THONG TRU^dC YEU CAU M | O TS, NGUYEN QUANG Cl/ONG" P trude d i n nay, ndi d i n ndi dung dqy hqc cua mdn Tiing Viit (6 HIU hqc), NgQ vdn (d THCS vd THPT) Id nhdc tdi ndi dung tilng Viet (ngdn ngu) vd vdn hqc Trong tilng Vi^t, kT ndng «vilt" dugc xdy dyng, phdt triln thdnh mdt phdn mdn khdc, dd Id Ldm vdn Cd t h i ndi, du t§n ggi mdn hqc ndy cd nhilu cdch khdc nhau, nhung deu cd ba «mdng" kiln thuc kT ndng chinh: tieng Vidt, vdn hqc vd Idm vdn Chuong frlnh mdn hqc hjy moi giai doqn cd khdc nhau, nhung deu dugc xdy dyng vd cdu h-uc dya vao nhung «vdt lieu" co bdn vua nSu Tuy vdo myc Heu dqy hqc cua h/ng giai doqn md xdc djnh cdc ndi dung, itidi lugng cy Inl cho h/ng phdn mdn Vi vdy, nlu ehi xet ve ndi dung dqy hqc thi vd'n de neu len d ddy khdng ed gl mdi Vd'n de se «mdi" vd chi «mdi" chung dugc nhin nhdn vdl mdt cdch filp cdn mdi, khdng chi d mdn hqc, md hudc hit d chuong trinh gido dye phd thdng (CTGDPT) CTGDPT hl6n hdnh (dugc xdy dyng sou ndm 2000) cd nhilu tiln bd so vdi cdc CT h-udc dd Vdl mdn hqc Tiing Viet vd Ng(/ vdn, viec thye hien nguyen tdc «tfch hgp" mdn hqc sudt tu H I U hqc d i n THPT cung sy thay ddi quan niem gidng vdn truyin thdng bdng tu tv/dng dqc - hilu vdn bdn Id nhCrng net ndi bdt cua budc tiln dd Dd cung Id kit qud cua viec thay ddi cdch tilp cdn CT Tuy nhiSn, sou mot thdi gian su dyng, trude sy thay ddl nhanh chdng cua thye Hen cudc song vd khoa hqc cdng nghe, nhin Iqi CT hien hdnn dd thd'y xudt hien nhi/ng bdt cdp Trong bdi viet ndy, chung tdi chi bdn tdi nhung bdt cdp cdch Hip cdn Mot so' van de ddt Cung nhu nhieu nudc dang phdt h-ien, CTGDPT hien hdnh cua Viet Nam ve co bdn van ndm cdch Hip can cu Dd Id viec thiet k l CT theo djnh hudng ndi dung; d dd, ngudi thiet k l CT mdn hqc vd gido vien (GV) thudng it chu trgng tdi tiem ndng, cdc giai dogn phdt thin, nhu cdu, Hiu vd dieu kien cua ngudi hpc md chi chu y den cdc yeu cdu cua kiln thuc mdn hqc T Trong dd, bdi cdnh kinh t l xd hdi nudc ta sou 10 ndm dd khdc trude rdt nhilu Nhung biin ddng mqnh me vd liSn h/c ddl thay cua mql y l u td cdu thdnh ddi sdng - ddc biSt v l khoa hqc Kf thudt vd cdng nghe dang Id thdch thuc Idn nhd't dd'i vdl mql xd hqi Hien nhien, ngdnh gido dye khdng t h i dung ngoai thye te dd; md ngugc Iqi, vdi vj trf, chuc ndng cua minh, GD cd mdt vol trd vd nhidm vy h i t sue to Idn h-ong viec tqo ro mdt Idp ngudi ludn ndng dqng, sdng tqo nhdm ddp ung ygu cdu cua mdt xd hqi CNH, HDH vd bdt kjp vdi nhip tdng tdc nhu vu bdo cua thi gidi hien dqi Mdi h-udng hqc tdp mdi mp\ «fhe gidi phdng" se Idm thay doi khd nhieu quan niem ve ndng lye vd h-i thdng minh cua HS Friedman cho rdng: «Trong mdt the gidi f^dng, chisothdr}g minh (IQ - Intelligence QuoNent) van quan trpng, nhung ehl so hiiu hpc (CQ - Curiosity Quotient) vd chi sd dam me (PQ Passion QuoHent) cdn quan trpnq hon Cd thi dien dgt bdng bat phuona trinh CQ + PQ > IQ: su hiiu hpc cdng v6i Idnq dam me quan trpng hon tri thdng minh Khdng aihpc cham bdng mpt dua tre td md, ham hiiu bi^ (1) Sy thay ddi ve tdm - sinh li cua HSphd thdng cung Id mot van de phdi quan tdm T n l he 8X, 9X bdy gid dd thd'y khdc, the he HS sinh sou ndm 2010 chdc chdn se cdn khdc biet vdl chung ta hdm rdt nhieu Dieu ndy Id binh thudng vd cd tinh phd bien d tdt cd cdc qudc gia Cdc nhd GD edn biet vd tinh d i n sy thay ddl, khdc biet dd d mql hoqt dqng GD vd h-ong sud't qud trinh GD Tinh yeu hqc dudng cung Id van de cdn chu y dd'i vdl HS thdi Do dugc hudng thy cudc song vqt chd't tuong dd'i ddy du, tdm sinh If phdt triln, td't yeu hqc trd cd xu hudng «blet yeu" sdm Sy xudt hien nhung bd phim thieu Idnh mqnh; yeu cdu ve gido aye gidi Hnh hqn che; cha me, thdy cd gido khdng quan tdm dung muc, cung Idm gia tdng Hnh trqng «lqm phdt yeu" d tudi hoc trd * Tnrdng Bai lipc Quy Nhon I Tap ehi Giao due so 6 cfa - 7/201 Vdn hod nghe nhin, cde phuong Hen thdng Hn lien Iqc, gidi trf tren mqng internet chdc chdn se da dqng Hen nghi vd hien dqi hon nhieu Viec hqc d trudng vdi SGK vd bdi gidng cua thdy chi Id mdt nhieu ngudn thdng tin den vdi HS VI vdy, neu khdng dugc ddo tqo, GV se «lqc hdu" hon HS rdt nhieu v l thdng Hn, edp nhdt thdng tin cung nhi/ng kT ndng vdn dyng vd su dyng cdng nghe thdng Hn vd cdc phuong Hen nghe nhin hien dqi Quan niem thdm mT, sy nhdn thuc ve cdi thien, cdi cao cd, cdi hdi, cdi bi, tinh nhan dao, Idnq thuong ngudi, niem tin HS hien dd khdc nhieu so vdi the he sinh nhCrng ndm tdm muoi, chin muoi cua the ki XX Hon nua, neu trude ddy, bd'n buc tudng Idp hqc, HS chi bilt ngdi yen nghe GV gidng, cdng cy dqy vd hqc chu yeu Id bdng den, phdn trdng vd md'y cud'n SGK Cdn «Hgc sinh thai dgi sd, thdi mgnq, quen Idm nhieu viec mgt luc, dong thai nghe nhgc, ndi dien thogI vd dung mdy tinh Hpc mang tinh chat tu hpc vd tu tim hieu vdn de nhieu han Hpc vd choi trd choi tren mdy tinh thuc ti trd thdnh mdtphdn cua viec gido dye ngudi Cung nhu nhieu nudc phdt triin tinh trpng HS it dpc cdc tdc phdm cd dien (U Sechxpia, V Hugo, H Bangiac, L.Tdn-xtdi, T Sekhdp, R Togo, Li Bach, Do Phu, Tdo Tuyit Cdn, Thi Ngi Am, Nguyen Trdi, Nguyen Du, ), ham me cdc trd choi dien tu tren mang (gammes online), thich bdy td quan niem, thdi dp, suy nghT tren dien ddn mgng, ddc biet vdi su phdt then cua Blag, facebook Kem theo thi gidi dien dnh vd thudt, phim truyen chuong, phim hdnh ddng, phim kinh di, trd choi cdm gidc mpnh xu hudng bpo luc hgc dudng cung cdn dugc cdnh bdo Chinh vi thi gido dye cdng nghe thdng tin vd truyen thdng (ICT) rd't cdn dugc coi trgng cd hai mat (nhung Igi ich vd nhung tdc hgl, nguy hiem) dd'i vdi HS nhd trudng phd thdng" (2) Cud'i cung, cung cdn neu len mdt thye trqng ddng budn vdi mdn hqc NgCr vdn Cd mdt thye te, nhCrng ndm gdn ddy, sd' lugng HS ddng ki hqc vd thi ban Xd hdi Nhdn vdn ngdy cdng ft di, chd't lugng hqc tdp bd mdn cung ngdy cdng gidm Cde sd lieu thdng ke cho thdy, mdn NgCr vdn dang ddn trd thdnh mdn hqc phy (ndm 2009, chi ed 1,82% hqc sinh trung hqc theo hqc ban Xd hdi - Nhdn vdn) NhCrng HS hqc ban ndy (thi khdi C) khdng phdi todn Id nhCrng HS gidi md cdc em theo hqc chdng aua vl khdng theo hqc dugc cde ban khdc Trong dd, Iqi ed khd nhieu em hqc ban Khoa hqc ty nhien (thi khdi A vd D) Iqi hqe Tap chi Giao due so 6 (ki • 7/2011) gidi mdn Ngu vdn Nhu vdy, gdn 100% HS edp THPT chi hqc vdn de thi tdt nghiep md thdi Diem quo bdi cdnh tren ddy de thd'y chung ta cdn cd mdt sy thay ddi Hep edn, thiet ke CTGD ndi chung vd CT Ngu vdn ndi rieng Ddy cung Id mdt nhCrng If quan trqng de nhieu qud'c gia dd vd dang bdt ddu mdt cudc thay ddi, adi mdi, thdm chf cdi cdch GD Cdch Hep edn mdi dugc nhieu nude quan tdm hien chfnh Id Hip edn xdy dyng vd thilt k l CTGD theo hudng phdt trien ndng lye (competency-based curriculum), hudng tdi ndng luc cua nqudi hgc vd quan tam chu y tiem nang, cdc giai dogn phdt then, nhu cdu, suhung thu vd dieu kien cua ngudi hgc VI thi, ndi dung vd phuong phdp dqy hqc edn «uyen chuyin", mem mqi hon cho phu hgp vdi dd'i tuqng vd hodn cdnh cy the Chfnh cdch tilp cdn ndy dd dqt nhCrng yeu edu mdi cho viec thilt ke vd xdy dyng ndi dung CT cde mdn hqc, dd cd mdn Tieng Viet vd Ngu vdn Vd vdn de ddu tien edn quan tdm bdn ludn Id xdc ldp mdt quan niem dung ve ndng lye ngdn ngu vd ndng lye ngu vdn cua HS Quan niem ve