Tfp Chi Khoa Hoc Giao Due Ky Thuat (33/2015) Truing Dai Hoc Sir Pham Ky Thuat TRHd Chi Minh PHAT TRitN NANG LtfC SU" DUNG NGON N G C HOA HOC CHO HOC SINH PHO THONG THONG QUA TO CHlTC DAY HOC m^ AN E>E[.]
Tfp Chi Khoa Hoc Giao Due Ky Thuat (33/2015) Truing Dai Hoc Sir Pham Ky Thuat TRHd Chi Minh PHAT TRitN NANG LtfC SU" DUNG NGON N G C HOA HOC CHO HOC SINH PHO THONG THONG QUA TO CHlTC DAY HOC m^ AN E>EVEL0PING THE COMPETENCE TO USE CHEMISTRY LINGO FOR HIGHSCHOOL STUDENT THROUGH ORGANIZING PROJECT LEARNING Trinh IA H i n g P h y m g Tru&ng Dgi hgc Suphgm TP.Hd Chi Minh Ngay toa sojn nh$n bai 8/4/2015, phan bi?n dinh gii 18/5/2015, ngiy chip nhin Sang 01/6/201i TOM TAT Td chac dgy hoc du dn a tru&ng phd thdng IdmQt nhirng bien phdp khd thi giiip qua trinh phdt triin ndng lire sic dvng ngdn ngir hda hoc (SDNNHH) diin nhanh chdng, di ddng vd dgt hifu qud cao Bdi bao ndy gi&i thiiu qui trinh td chuc dgy hpc du dn theo hu&ng phat triin ndng li/c SDNNHH cho hgc sinh phd thdng dua trin kit qud nghien ciru ve: khdi niem, cdu true, cdc biiu hiin ciia ndng lire SDNNHH vd tudn theo nguyen tdc, 10 bir&c cda qui trinh phdt triin ndng lire Tir khda: ndng luc, ndng lire sir dung ngon ngii hda hoc, hda hoc, dgy hoc du dn ABSTRACT Organizing project learning in high school is one of the many viable methods to help the development of the competence to use chemistry lingo (TCTUCL) proceed faster, more easily and more efficiently This report introduces the process of organizing project learning toward the development TCTUCLfor student high school based on the research results about: the concept the structure, the manifestations of TCTUCL and in compliance with the principles and 10 steps of the competence developing process Keywords: competence, the competence to use chemistry lingo, chemistry, project learning l.MdDAU Hda hgc Id mdn khoa hgc thuc nghiem nghia la nd cung cap nhung kiin thiic co ban ve chat ciing nhu cac dinh luat, thuyit lien quan din su bien ddi cua chit Cd thi thiy rang ddi tugng nhan thuc ciia bd mdn Hda hgc tuong ddi trim tugng vd vi md De hinh" tugng hda cac ddi tugng ngudi ta thudng dung cdc ki hi?u, thuat ngu, danh phdp, phuong trinh hda hpc gpi chung la ngdn ngii hda hgc (NNHH) Nhu vay, nang luc sit dung ngdn ngtt hda hgc (SDNNHH) la mdt nhung ndng luc hpc tap co bdn cin dugc hinh thdnh vd phat triin hgc sinh bit diu lam quen vdi hda hgc d trudng phd thdng Hien nay, viec td chiic day hgc theo hudng phat triin nang luc ndi chung va nang luc SDNNHH d trudng phd thdng chua dugc quan tam diing mirc, nguyen nhan xuit phdt tir tam Ii nang tich thi cii ciing nhu khdi lugng kiin thiic khdng Id phdi hoan timg giai doan hgc tap Diiu da gay khong it khd khan viec phdt huy tinh tich cue, sang tag hgc tap ciia cac em De khdc phuc thuc trang tren vd dap ling yeu cau phdt triin toan dien nang luc, pham chit cua ngudi hgc ma Nghi quyit 29, khoa XI (2011) da xdc dinh thi td chiic day hpc dil an la mgt nhttng giai phap cd tinh kha thi vd hieu qua diiu kien day hgc hien Day Id hinh thiic hpc tap tu diiu khiin-diiu chinh nghia la ngudi hgc phai cd khd nang tu tim tdi tra ciiu thdng tin tir cac ngudn tdi lieu l^^c nham giai quyit cau hdi, nhi^m vv, "nil hudng hgc tap giao vidn djt hoac hgc sinh tu d i qud trinh hgc tap Trgng tam cua phuang phdp la hgc sinh Tgp Chi Khoa Hgc Gido Due Ky Thugt (33/2015) Tnr&ng Dgi Hgc Sir Phgm Ky Thugt TP Hd ChiMinh tu hinh kiin thuc rieng cho ban than tft nhieu ngudn thdng tin khac dudi sy dan dat, td chuc vd hudng ddn cua giao vien Nhu vay, ed the thdy rang lgi ich to Idn ma day hgc du dn mang lai la giup hgc sinh chu dgng viec kham phd, dy dodn, phdt hien mdi quan he cua cac ddi tugng hda hgc cac tinh hudng, nhiem vu hgc tap khac Khdng nhung vay, td chuc day hgc du an cdn giiip phat trien mgt sd nang luc xa hdi cho hgc sinh, cu thi: nang lye giao tiip, nang luc hgp tac, nang lye lam viec nhdm, C O s d K H O A H Q C CUA V I E C P H A T TRIEN NANG LV'C SU" D y N G NGON NGtTHOAHOC 2.1 Khai niem nang luc su dung ngon ngu hoa bgc 'Wdwg /w-c SDNNHH la khd ndng hiiu va vdn dung ngdn ngft hda hpc (NNHH) d i giai quyet hieu qua nhimg vdn de ddt qud trinh hgc tap vd nghien cicu bo mon Hoa hgc Ngon ngir dgc tnmg cua bg mon Hoa hpc la nhirng thudt ngir, ki hieu, cong thirc, phucmg trinh hoa hoc, danh phdp"" [3] Nang lye SDNNHH la ndng lye co bdn cd tinh chat quan trgng cdn dugc phdt trien tu hgc sinh bat dau lam quen vdi mdn Hda hpc 2.2 c d u true nang lye su dung ngon ngir hda hgc Dya trdn khai niem ndng lye SDNNHH, chuang trinh Hda hpc phd thdng, ket qua cua vice phan tich tdng hgp y kien cua 56 hgc vien cao hgc chuyen nganh "Li luan va Phuang phap day hgc bd mdn Hda hpc" khda 23 (20132015); khda 24 (2014 - 2016) trudng Dai hgc Su pham (DHSP) TPHCM va 15 chuyen gia nganh "Li luan vd Phuang phap day hgc bd mdn Hda hpc" d cdc trudng DHSP Hd Ngi, DHSP TPHCM, DHSP Hui chiing tdi da xac dinh cdu tnic nang lye SDNNHH nhu sau: Ndu tiep can theo dinh hudng phat trien ndng lye ngudi hgc thi nang luc SDNNHH gdm: ndng lye tiip nhdn NNHH, ndng lye thuc hanh NNHH, ndng luc thiit lap NNHH Chung tdi ggi day la cau tnic dgc cua nang lye SDNNHH Trong do: a Nang liec tiep nhan NNHH: Id kha nang nhdn ra, hieu diing cac khdi niem, quy tdc, dinh luat, bieu tugng, thuat ngii vd danh phdp ciia Hda hgc nhiing tinh hudng dinh lugng, dinh tinh xudt phdt tir viec quan sat, giai thich nhung hien tugng, thi nghidm hda hpc b Ndng lyre thirc hdnh NNHH: la kha nang sir dung NNHH d i biiu diin, trinh bay mgt cdch ro rang, logic cac bieu tugng, thudt ngft vd danh phap dua tren viec hiiu cdc khdi niem, dinh luat va quy tac cua bd mdn Hda hgc c Ndng lire thiet lap NNHH: la khd nang phdt hien vd thiet lap cac qud trinh hda hgc mdi hoat dgng thyc hanh NNHH nhdm gidi quyet cde nhiem vu hay tinh hudng da cho 2.3 Cac bieu hl^n cua nang luc su dung ngdn ngir hoa hgc Dua tren co sd cua vi8c xdc dinh cau tnic ndng luc SDNNHH, dac diem tdm sinh ly ciia hgc sinh phd thdng, chuang trinh Hda hgc phd thdng cimg vdi viec su dung phuang phap chuyen gia, chiing tdi da xac dinh cdc bieu hien cua nang lye SDNNHH ddi vdi hgc sinh (bang 1) nhu sau: 2.4 Ket qua dau cdn d^t dugc ve nang luc sir dyng ngon ngu- hda hoc & cac cdp hgc De cd CO sd cho vice xay dung thang danh gia ndng lye SDNNH cho hpc sinh phd thdng thi viec tim hieu ket qua dau cdn d^t dugc ve ndng lye SDNNHH d cdc cdp hpc la rdt cdn thiet Theo dd chudn ddu cdn dat v i nang lye SDNNHH d cac cdp hpc dugc thi hien nhu sau [2]: Tfp CM Khoa Hoc Giao Due Ky Thuat (33/2015) Trudng Dai Hpc SirPhpn Ky Thuat TR Hd ChiMinh Bdng 1: Cdc biiu hiin cua ndng lire SDNNHH STT Nang luc th^nh phdn Cdc biiu hien cua nang lye SDNNHH Nhdn cac thdng tin lien quan cac yeu cdu cua nhiem vy, tinh hudng hpc tap hda hgc moi Nang lye tiip nhan Giai thich cac ket qua, sd lieu tu cac nhiem vu, tinh hudng NNHH hgc tap hda hgc mdi Tiep thu NNHH tir viec giai thich cdc ket qua, sd lieu cua cdc nhiem vu, tinh hudng hgc tap hda hgc Bieu dien cdc vdn de hda hgc bang ngdn ngft eua bd mdn Nang luc thuc hdnh NNHH Ket hgp gifta NNHH vdi cdc ngon ngft eua cac bd mon khac de gidi quyet cac van de hda hgc Xac dinh pham vi sir dung NNHH cac tinh hudng hda hpc khac Phdt hien cac cdch su dung NNHH khac vdi ciing mdt ddi tugng nhftng tinh hudng hoac nhi$m vu hpc tap Nang lye thiit lap NNHH Thiet I^p cdc qud trinh hoa hpc mdi phii hgp vdi tinh hudng hoac nhiSm vu hgc tap Thyc hi?n sang tao thiit lap qud trinh hda hoc Bang Kit qud ddu cdn dgt dirac vi ndng lire SDNNHH & cdc cdp hoc Trung hoc cff s(if Trung hoc thdng a) Nghe vd hieu dugc ndi dung cdc khdi i) Nghe va hieu dugc ngi dung cac thuat ngir niem hda hgc co ban, cac ky hieu hda hda hgc, danh phdp hda hgc va cdc biiu hpc, cdng thiic, phuong trinh hda hgc, tugng hda hgc (Ki hieu, hinh ve, md hinh hmh ve quy tie ggi ten nguyen td, cdu tnic cdc phan tu cac chit, cdc lien kit chit, nhttng hat vi md khoa hgc hda h o c ) hda hgc b) Viit diing cdc ki hieu hda hpc, cong thiic b) Viet va bieu diln diing cong thiic hda hpc cua hda hpc, phuang trinh hda hgc cdc hgp chdt vd co va cdc hgp chit hftu ca cac dang cdng thiic, ddng ddng, ddng phan c) Dgc diing ten cdc nguyen td, chit hda ) Nhan biet va nit dugc cdc quy tic dpc ten hgc va neu dugc cdc quy tie ggi ten cdc va dgc diing ten theo cdc danh phdp khdc nguyen td, chit hda hgc ddi vdi cac hgp chit huu eg d) Trinh bdy dugc ndi dung ciia cdc khai niem hda hgc eg ban, cdc thuyit va dinh luat hda hpc, cac chit vd tinh chit ciia cdc chdt ) Trinh bay va van dung dugc cdc thuat ngu hda hgc, danh phap hda hgc va hiiu dugc ^ nghTa ciia chiing 2.5 NguySn t i c phdt trien nang luc sir dung nguyen tic cd tinh phuong phdp luan sau: ngdn ngir hoa hgc Nguyen tic Bam bio linh dac thii cda b^ De ddm bdo tinh khd thi va khoa hpc mon Hda hfc viec phat triin ndng luc SDNNHH cho hgc Hda hgc la mdn khoa hgc thuc nghiem, sinh phd thdng, chiing toi xac dinh mdt sd cung cap cdc thuyit, djnh luat, khdi niem, quan Tgp Chi Khoa Hgc Gido D^c Ky Thugt (33/2015) Tnr&ng Dgi Hgc Su Phgm Ky Thugt TR Hd ChiMinh niem ve chdt ciing nhu sy bien ddi gifta cac chdt Dieu ldm cho ddi tugng nhdn thiic cua bg mdn trd nen vi md va trim tupng Bdn canh dd, tdt ca ehiing diu xudt phat tu cde hien twtmg, thi nghiem, qui trinh san xudt thyc ti Vi vdy de dat hieu qud cao qud trinh hge tap va nghien curu hda hgc, ddi hdi ngudi hpc phai cd nhftng ki nang: quan sdt, phdn tich, ddnh gia, khdi quat hda, trim tugng hda, De ddp ling ydu cdu dd, chiing tdi nhan thay rang viec phat triin ndng lye SDNNHH phdi ludn gan lien giua Ii thuyet vdi thuc nghiem nhdm giiip cac em cd cdi nhin chinh xde, sau rgng, toan dien ve cdc ddi tugng hda hpc Nguyen tdc Ddm bdo tinh dinh hir&ng vdo muc tieu cua chtrffng trinh Muc tieu chuang trinh hda hpc phd thdng la tao mdi trudng thuan lgi de phat trien toan dien nhftng nang luc, pham chat cua ngudi hpc thdng qua viec cung cap nhung kien thiic hda hgc co ban eimg vdi viec ren luyen cac ki nang dac thii eua bd mdn Vi vay, viec phat trien nang lyc SDNNHH cho hgc sinh chi dat hidu qud cao cac bien phdp de xudt hudng vao cac muc tieu v i chudn kien thuc, ki nang va y8u cdu v i thai dp cua chuang trinh Nguyen tdc Ddm bdo tinh sir phgm Nguyen tdc yeu cau viec phat trien nang lyc SDNNHH phai phu hgp vdi dac diem tam sinh Ii, kha ndng nhan thiic cua tung hpc sinh Do dd ngi dung kiin thuc, muc tieu day hgc mdi bien phdp can dugc phdn tan va sdp x i p theo thii ty tft dan gian din phuc tap, tu cu thi d i n khai quat Diiu se phdt huy tdi da tinh tich eye, nang ddng d hpc sinh ben canh dd cdn khai day niem dam me, sdng tao ciia cac em ddi vdi bd mdn Nguyen tdc Ddm bdo tinh todn difn D i dam bdo nguyen tdc nay, chiing tdi da vdn dung quan diem he thdng - cau tnic vao viec phat triin nang lyc SDNNHH nghia la mdi bien phdp dugc de xuat deu dya tren mdi lien he bien chiing gifta cdc nang lyc phdn ciia ndng lyc SDNNHH, ben canh dd mdi hoat ddng day hgc phai hudng din muc dich phdt trien tung ndng luc phdn, tdng diem cac nang lyc phdn la cd sd d i danh gia sy phdt trien nang lyc SDNNHH Nguyen tac Dam bdo tinh thuc tiin Nguyen tac yeu cau viec phdt trien nang lyc SDNNHH cho hgc sinh phdi xudt phat tir vide tim hieu, phdn tich, danh gid thyc trang viec phat tridn nang lyc cho hgc sinh d cdc trudng phd thdng Vi vdy, cac bi$n phap chiing tdi de xuat ludn di tir: dae diSm vimg mien, dieu kien ca sd vat chdt, dpi ngu giao vidn, d cdc trudng phd thdng Ben canh do, nguyen tdc cdn yeu cau cdc bien phap phai dugc tien hanh thudng xuyen va lien tuc Day cd the xem la yen cdu chung, bat budc ddi vdi tat cd cac bd mdn, cd Hda hgc De dam bdo nguyen tdc de xudt cac bien phap can: - Can cii vao dac diem, cau tnic va muc tieu day hpc cua chuang trinh Hda hpe phd thdng - Can cir vdo muc tieu cua mdi hoat dgng ma hgc sinh phai thyc hien bai hge; hoat ddng CO ban, hoat ddng thyc hdnh, hoat ddng img dung - Su dung phuang phap dieu tra bdng bang hdi de tham khao y kien giao vien bd mon Hda hgc d cac trudng phd thdng cimg vdi cac chuyen gia nganh Li luan va phuong phap day hpc bp mdn Hda hpc ve bien phdp da de xuat Nguyen tdc Ddm bdo tinh khdch quan vd chinh xdc ddnh gid suphdt trien ndng lire SDNNHH Ben canh viec de xuat cac bien phdp cd tinh hieu qua, khd thi thi can dam bdo tinh chinh xdc, khdch quan danh gid sy phat trien ndng lyc SDNNHH De dam bdo nguyen tdc thi vi6c danh gid cdn hudng din cdc yeu cau sau: - Thang ddnh gid nang lyc phdi ddm bao tinh chinh xac ludng cac muc biiu hien nang lyc cua ngudi hpc D i lam dugc dieu thi cau tnic cua thang ddnh gid phai khoa hgc, ro rdng, the hien mdi lien he mat Tgp Chi Khoa Hgc Gido Due Ky Thugt (33/2015) Tnr&ng Dgi Hgc Su-Phgm Ky Thugt TPHd Chi Minh thiit giua muc tieu - ndi dung - phuong phap - hinh thuc td chiic, cd sy tuang quan hgp Ii gifta cdc tieu chi danh gid Ben canh dd, tu ngu dugc dimg thang ddnh gid phai dl hieu va chinh xac ve mat khoa hpc - Mdi tieu chi danh gia phdi dugc thi hien bdng cdc diim s i cu the tuong iing vdi ket qua thyc hien hanh ddng cua ngudi hpc Dieu se dam bao tinh khach quan qua trinh ddnh gia - Da dang hda va ket hgp cac cdng cy danh gia khac (ddnh gia qua bai kiem tra, ddnh gid qua san pham hgc tap, danh gia qua bdng quan sdt, danh gid qua nhan xet ) nhdm dam bao dp tin cay ddnh gia ndng luc Khong nhirng the, hgc sinh se cam thay thoa man ve m^t tinh than, kich thich tinh tich cue hpc tap, cimg cd uy tin, ldng tin yeu cua hgc sinh ddi vdi giao vien 2.6 Qui trmh phat t r i i n nang luc su* dyng ngdn ngii' hda hyc Dya tren co sd Ii ludn, thyc tiin, nguyen tdc phat trien ndng lyc d tren, chiing tdi xay dyng qui trinh phat trien nang lyc SDNNHH cho hpc smh phd thdng nhu sau: Budc Su dung phuong phdp diiu tra bang bang hdi de tham khdo y kiin cua cdc chuyen gia nganh Li luan va phuang phap day hpc bd mdn Hda hgc ve cdu tnic, bieu hien, thang danh gid nang luc SDNNHH cho hpc sinh phd thdng Budc De xuat cac bien phap phdt triin nang lyc SDNNHH Budc Su dung phucmg phap chuyen gia: xin kien gido vien bg mdn Hoa hpc d cac trudng phd thdng va cac nha khoa hpc nganh Li luan va phuang phap day hpc bd mdn Hda hgc v i cac bien phap da d i xudt Sau chinh sua lan dau theo sy gdp y tir cac chuyen gia Budc 4: Thu nghiem cdc bien phap day hpc hod hpc d trudng phd thong, cu thi nhu sau: - Lap k i hoach phdt triin nang lyc SDNNHH dugc the hien qua gido an, k6 hoach bai hpc mdn Hda hpc; - Lya chgn cdc phuang phdp day hpc hda hpc, dang bdi, thiet ke giao an, thiet ke nhiem vu, tinh hudng, bai tdp eho hgc sinh - Thiit k i cdc cong cu de danh gia sir phat triin ndng luc SDNNHH Budc 5: Rut nhung bai hgc kinh nghiem sau cd kit qud thii nghiem mdi bien phap Budc 6: Su dung phuang phdp thdng ki toan hgc nhdm lya chpn cac bien phap tii uu, kha thi, hieu qua de phat trien nang lyc SDNNHH cho hpc sinh phd thdng Budc 7: Bd sung, dieu chinh, hoan thien cac bien phap nham dam bao tinh khoa hpc, hieu qua va khd thi Budc 8: Dua cac bien phdp vao day hpc: to chiic, theo doi, hudng dan hgc sinh thuc hien cdc hoat dpng hpc tap Budc 9: Ddnh gia su phat trien nang luc SDNNHH cua hgc sinh qua cac cdng cu: Bang kiem quan sat; Hd so hpc tap cua hgc sinh; Phieu ty ddnh gia cua hgc sinh; Bai kiem tra Budc 10: Riit kinh nghiem, dieu chinh va hoan thi6n Tiep tuc trien khai cac hoat dpng nham phat trien ndng luc SDNNHH cho hoc sinh phd thdng T O C H f C DAY H O C DlT AN THEO HlTdNG P H A T TRIEN NANG LV'C SU* DVNG N G N N G t r HOA HQC 3.1 Khdi niem day hgc d u an Tu ddu the ky XX, cac nha su pham My da xdy dung co sd ly luan cho phuang phap dy an (Project Method), coi dd la phuang phdp day hpc quan trgng de thuc hien day hpc hudng vdo ngudi hgc nhdm khdc phuc nhugc diem cua day hgc truyen thdng Day hpc theo dy dn (DHDA) hoac hgc tiieo du an (project work; project leaming; project - based leaming) dugc hiiu la mpt phuong phap hay mdt hinh thiic day hpc, ngudi hgc thye hien mdt nhiem vu phiic hgp, cd sy kit hgp gifta ly thuyit vd thirc hanh, tao Tgp Chi Khoa Hgc Gido Due Ky Thugt (33/2015) Tru&ng Dgi Hgc Sir Phgm Ky Thugt TP Hd ChiMinh san phdm cd thi gidi thidu Lam viec nhdm la hinh thuc lam viec co ban ciia day hgc theo dy an [1], 3.2 Muc dich to chuc day hoc d y an theo hudng phat triin nang lyc sifr dyng ngon ngir hda hgc Dya tren ca sd khoa hpc ciia vice phdt trien ndng lyc SDNNHH va dac diim day hgc du dn, chiing tdi da xdy dyng md hinh day hgc gdm giai doan nhu sau: de xudt chii di; xay dyng ke hoach dy an; thyc hign dy an; bdo cao sdn phdm dy an; danh gia san phdm dy dn nham hudng tdi cac mu dich sau: - Giai doan de xudt chii de la giai doan md gido vien hoac hgc sinh dua nhftng vdn d i ndy sinh qua trinh hpc tap va nghien ciru hda hgc - Giai dogn xay dung ke hoffch d^r dn nhim hu&ng den viec phat trien nang luc tiep nhdn ngdn ngu hda hgc thdng qua hoat dgng: tim kiem, chia se, phdn hdi thdng tin vdi cdc ban nhdm, lam co sd de xay dyng ke hoach thyc hien cde yeu cdu ma dy dn dd de - Giai doan thuc hien dfr dn nhdm hu&ng den vi$c phat trien nang lyc thuc hanh ngdn ngft hda hpc thdng qua ho^t ddng: phan tich, xu Ii, ddnh gid, chpn Igc nhiing thdng tin cac vien nhdm thu thdp, chia se, phan hdi - Giai doan bdo cdo sdn phdm nhdm hu&ng den vi$c phat trien nang lyc thiit lap ngdn ngu hda hgc thdng qua hoat ddng: trinh bdy, thdo luan, phan bien, de xuat cac hudng gidi quyet vdn de hda hpc khdc cua cdc nhdm - Giai dogn ddnh gid sdn pham la giai doan de gido vien va hgc sinh cimg tham gia danh gid ndng luc su dyng ngdn ngft hda hpc thdng qua qua trinh danh gia cdc sdn phdm dy dn 3.3 Cdng cu va thang danh gid sir dyng ngdn ngu' hda hoc to chuc day hoc theo dy an Dua tren mftc dp phat trien ndng lyc SDNNHH cua hgc sinh chuySn hda hgc va dac diem phuang phap day hgc dy an chiing tdi da thiet ke cdng cu danh gia nang lyc SDNNHH cho hgc sinh chuyen hda hpc nhu sau: Bdng Bdng ddnh gid ndng lire SDNNHH to chirc dgy hgc du dn Nang lyc thiinh phan Nang lyc tiip nhan NNHH TiSu chi ddnh gia Diem toi da Ti6u chi Tinh chinh xac 10 - Su dung chinh xdc ki hieu, cdng thuc, phuong trinh hda hpc - Ggi diing ten cdc chat TiSu chi Tinh khoa hgc - Lya chgn phu hgp cac phuong phap va phuang tien hda hgc thyc hien dy an 10 - Xay dung ke hoJich thyc hi§n dy an chi tiet, logic Ti6u chi Tinh thong nhat giua h thuyet va thyc tien 10 - Van dung kien thuc hda hgc de giai thich cac ket qua eiia dy an - Riit kien thuc hda hgc mdi sau thyc hien dy an Hgc sinh Gido vien danh gia danh gid Tap Chi Khoa Hgc Giao Due Ky Thuat (33/2015) Tnrdng Bgi Hpc SuPham Ky Thupt TR Hd ChiMinh Tieu chi Mirc thao su dyng phuong tifn hda hgc 10 - Su dung chinh xdc cac thi nghiem hda hgc dd chung minh ket qua ciia dy an - Su dung chinh xac cdc phuang trinh hda hgc de chiing minh cac ket qud cua dy dn Ti8u chi Muc th^o sur dyng kiin thirc lien mdn 10 Nang lyc - Kit hgp linh boat gifta ngdn ngft hda hgc vdi thue hanh ngdn ngft cua bd mdn khac de thyc hien dy an NNHH - Kit hgp linh hoat gifta phuang phap hda hgc vd phuong phap bp mdn khdc de thyc hien dy dn Nang thiet NNHH ' Tieu chi Mii-c d$ chinh xac dua thgm nhirng tri thuc hda hgc 10 - Tinh chinh xac dua them nhung kien thuc hda hgc qua trinh thyc hien dy an - Tinh chinh xdc dua them nhiing phuang phap hda hgc qud trinh thyc hien dy dn TiSu chi Tinh da dang thyc hi^n du an 10 - Su dung da dang cac jthuong tien hda hpc (gidy chi-thi, thudc thir, gidy van nang, mlu thir, thi nghiem, ) de giai thich kit qua dy an - Su dung da dang cac phuong phap hda hpc (phdn tich dinh tinh, dinh lugng, trao ddi ion, sdc ki, trdc quang, ) de thyc hien dy an Tieu chi Tinh mdi thyc hien dy an 10 lyc - De xuat mdi qui trinh thyc hien dy an ldp - De xuat mdi cdch thyc hien du dn 5 Tigu chi Tinh kha thi thuc hi^n dy an 10 - Su dung hda chdt it nhdt thyc hien du an - Thyc hien dy dn thdi gian ngdn nhdt Ti£u chi 10 Tinh sang tao thyc hi^n dy dn 10 - Cdi tien cdch su dung phuang tien hda hgc - Cdi tien cdch su dung phuang phdp hda hgc Tong diim 5 100 Tgp Chi Khoa Hgc Gido Dgc Ky Thugt (33/2015) Tru&ng Dm Hgc Su Pham Ky Thugt TP Hd ChiMinh Tren ca sd thiit k i cdng cy va thang ddnh gia nang lyc SDNNHH su dung phuong phap day hgc du an, chiing tdi dua cdc ket luan v i ndng lyc SDNNHH nhu sau: Bdng 4: Cdc kit hgn ve nang luc SDNNHH cua hgc sinh chuyen hoa hgc img vai cdc so diem Diem Ket luan TuOdin 19 Chua cd khd ndng sft dung NNHH Su dung NNHH cac trudng hgp don gidn Co kha ndng su dung NNHH mgt sd trudng hgp phiic tap Su dung thao NNHH hgc tap Tir 20 din 49 Tu 50 din 79 Tu 80 den 100 3.4 Tien trinh td chuc day hgc dy an theo hudng phat trien nang lyc su dyng ngdn ngu hoa hgc Bud'c De xuat chii de - Cdn cu vao muc tieu, ndi dung day hgc hay cdc vdn d i sinh qua trinh hgc tap, giao vien hay hgc sinh cd the de xuat cdc chii d i hudng vao cdc muc dich: md rdng, cimg cd kiin thuc, dn tap, kiem tra, gido due thai do, tim biiu lich su hda hgc, Cac chii de cd the td chuc day hoc dy an chuang trinh Hda hgc ldp 10 THPT chuyen nhu: Xac dinh cdc nguyen td vi lugng ddt hoac nude, xac dinh muc d nhiim ngudn nude, dp chua dp man cua ddt d cac vimg khdc nhau, - Giao vien dua cdc yeu cau, nhiem vu cu thi, cimg nhung dieu kien can thiet de hgc sinh tiin hanh thyc hien dy dn B u ^ Xay dyng ki hoach thyc hien dy dn - Gido vien hudng dan hgc sinh xdc dinh ndi dung, yeu cau, dia diem, ke hoach thyc hien cua du an nhu: thdi gian Id trinh, phuang tien vdn d i sinh boat, thdng tin can thiet ve hien trudng, dung cu hgc tap, phuang tien ho tra phdn cdng nhiem vu cho mdi cd nhan - Hgc sinh dy kien phuang phap thyc hien dy an (quan sdt, phdng van, lay mau vat ) va hinh thftc lam viec (nhdm hay cd nhdn) - Giao vien dua cac bd cdu hdi lien quan den dy an de hpc smh tu chuan bi cac kien thftc hda hgc can thiet Budc Thyc hien dy an - Giao vien hudng ddn hgc sinh each thftc hpc tap tai hien trudng: cdch quan sat, ^ i chep nhiing ngi dung can thiet, ve so dd, lay mdu vat Vi du: td chuc day hgc dy an lien quan den chu de tim hieu sy d nhiem cua ngudn nude, giao vien can hudng ddn hgc smh each quan sat ve cdc dang dia hinh de tim nguyen nhan, chup dnh tu lieu, lay mau nude d cac thdi diem vd dia diem khdc - Hgc sinh thyc hien theo hudng dan cua giao vien, tdn trgng ndi quy, quan sat, ghi chep, thdo ludn va trd Idi cac cdu hdi cua giao vien dat - Chia se thdng tin vdi giao vien va cac vien nhdm trSn Internet de nhan dugc sy gdp y, hd trg qua trinh thyc hien duan Budc Bao cao san pham dy an - Giao vien hudng din hgc sinh xay dyng de cuang bdo cao, dinh hudng ngudn tai lieu thu thap - Hgc sinh tien hanh thu thap tai lieu tii cac ngudn: Sdch giao khoa, tu lieu tham khdo, tap chi, ngudn thdng tin tu Internet - Giao vien hudng dan hgc smh each xft Ii, sdp xip thdng tin tu lieu trudc tien hanh viet bao cao - Hpc sinh tien hdnh viet bao cao theo cdc yeu cau sau: ten vdn de, dia diem, thdi gian vd muc dich, nhiem vu cu the cua boat ddng, trinh bay ket qua thyc hien dugc) - Hgc sinh se bao cao vao mdt thdi gian da dugc gido vien dn dinh trudc dd Budc Danh gia san pham dy an - Giao vien (GV) va cdc nhdm khac su dung phieu danh gia nang lyc su dung ngdn ngu hda hgc (bang 3) de danh gid sdn pham dy an cua nhdm Trong dd: Diem bdi bdo cdo ^ (Diem trung binh edng cua cdc nhdm cham + Diem ciia GV chdm)/2 - Danh gid rieng cd nhan: phdn diim nhdm tu chdm tu muc 1,2,3; GV chdm muc 4,5 Tap Chi Khoa Hpc Giao Dlic Ky Thuat (33/2015) Tnrdng Bai Hpc Su Pham Ky Thuat TR Hd ChiMinh Bang 5: Thang diem ddnh gid cd nhdn Y§u cau STT KSm Diim Khd Tit Thdi hgp tdc 10 Hoan nhiem vu 10 - Tim kiim nhttng tu lieu quan trgng 10 - Bdo cdo 10 - Lam thi nghiem 10 - Chuan bi bai trinh chiiu 10 - Chuan bi cdc phuong tien hd trg khdc 10 Tham gia phdt bieu xay dung bdi tren ldp 10 Diem ldm bdi kigm tra nhdm daidi gid thai (0-3 diim) (4-6 diem) (7-10 diim) theo ddi, khd nang tiep thu kien thiic ciia 10 HS tren ldp Cd mdt nhung ddng gdp ndi bat: Tdng diem tdi da cua muc: 100 Luuy: - De cdng bang nhdm trudng chu tri budi hpp chdm muc 1, 2, cho timg hpc sinh cSn cu tren bang ke hoach phan cdng chi tiet vd ket qua thye hien diem va ngp l^i cho giao vien (nop kem bang phdn cdng kd hoach chi tiit) - Giao vien edng bd diem eua tung hgc sinh theo cdng thftc sau: Tong dilm ca nhSn = (Diim bai bdo cao + Diem riSng ca nhan)/2 - Gido vien chdm muc bdng cdch chpn mdt hgc smh de ghi nhan sd Idn phdt biiu cua hpc sinh budi bao cdo Hgc sinh cd tu - Giao vien su dung bang di kit ludn ve lan phat bieu trd len dugc diim, 1-2 Idn nang lyc su dung ngdn ngft hda hgc cua hpc dugc 0,5 di6m Cudi gid, nhdm trudng ghi sinh diem vao phiiu 3.5 Gido dn minh hoa - Gido vien cham muc cd kit qua bai Dya trdn viec nghidn cftu co sd khoa hpc d kiem tra, ghi diem vao phiiu: niu bai kiim tren chiing tdi da thiit ki giao an day hgc dy an tra tft 7-10 diim thi cdng them diim, tft 4-6 vdi chu de "Cac tdc nhdn nhiim khdng khi" diim thi cdng thdm 0,5 diim, cdn lai khdng nhdm muc dich phat triin ndng lyc SDNNHH cpng diem Cudi cimg nhdm trudng tdng kit cho hgc sinh ldp 10 THPT Tgp Chi Khoa Hgc Gido Dgc Ky Thugt (33/2015) Tru&ng Dgi Hgc SuPhgm Ky Thu^ TR Hd ChiMinh Bdng 6: Ki hogch thirc hien dvr dn "Cdc tdc nhdn nhiem khong khi" Tu3n Ngay Ngay N§i dung cong viec - Thdi gian dy kien Bai gidi thieu "Lam quen vdi hpc theo dy an" (45 phut) a) Budi trien khai du an cua giao vien (15 phiit) b) HS nghien cuu ly thuyet co ban sdch gido khoa (10 phut) Bai HF, HCl, HBr - Bai Oxi; Ozon Bai H^S - Bai SO^, SO3, H^SO, Cdc bai dgc them va tu lieu: CFC, Mua axit, Ozon c) Hpc sinh chpn nhdm, nhdm trudng, chpn de tai, phdn vai (5 phut) Ngay HOAT d) Cdc nhdm lap ke hoach thyc hien, phdc thao y tudng de hoan DQNG TRIEN thdnh nhiem vy cua minh, phdc thdo lich trinh cac nhiem vu phai KHAI (60 phut) thyc hien de hodn thdnh cdng viec, lap tieu chi ddnh gia cho sdn pham (20 phut) - Gido vien cd the hudng din hgc sinh su dyng cdc ky thuat day hgc nhu: dat cau hdi, lap so dd tu duy, khan phu bdn, - Bd sung vao bang K-W-L-H - Thao luan ve Bd cau hdi dinh hudng e) Cac nhdm phdn hdi danh gia budi ldm viec (10 phut) a) Lam quen vdi ldm viec theo danh sdch nhiem vu nhdm da de va danh sdch cau hdi phdt trien du dn ma GV soan trudc b) Cac vien timg nhdm tim tdi lieu phuc vu cho nhiem vu c) Cac vien tao cac chu de (topic) cd nhdn tai dia chi website hgc tap ciia dy an ma gido vien cho sdn, tap each hgc theo dy an d) Tap cdch ghi chep hdng vi tiin cdng viec tren website: nhdt ky hgc tap, bdn kiem muc e) Hgc cdch yeu cau hd trg tu giao vien thdng qua website, ldm quen vdi giao dien website f) Thuc hanh nhiem vu: Ngay 2, HOAT DQNG - Nhdm I: tim tai lieu, tdng hgp kien thuc ve cdc khdi niem co bdn; LAM QUEN cac tac nhdn nhilm, nguyen nhdn va hdu qua cua chiing; tinh hinh d nhilm khdng hien tren the gidi va Viet Nam - Nhdm 2: tun hiiu cac gidi phdp cu the de giam d nhiem khdng tren the gidi va Viet Nam; tim hieu cu the tinh hinh dia phuang (nha may, dan sd, lugng ngudi luu thdng, cdc tuyen dudng Idn, cac giai phap dang dugc thyc thi de giam d nhiem ) - Nhdm 3: tim hieu phuang thuc boat dgng cua website, tao lap chu di bao cao san phdm tren website, tao nen Power Point can ban, xdy dyng cac chuong muc, giao dien co ban cho viec dua bai bdo cdo len website, viet mdt doan hudng din nhd ve each sft dung website di trinh bdy bai bao cao va gyi cho nhdm 1,2 Tgp Chi Khoa Hgc Gido Due Ky Thugt (33/2015) Tru&ng Dgi Hgc Su Phgm Ky Thugt TP.Hd ChiMinh a) Cac vien dgc va phdn hdi nhat ky hgc teip va ban kiim myc cua cac vien nhdm Ngay HOAT b) Cdc nhdm trudng gdp y chung ve nhat ky hpc tap ciia tung DONG PHAN vien, danh vao bdn kiem muc theo doi hoat dgng danh cho nhdm HOI trudng c) Cdc vien dgc phan hdi va chinh sua lai hudng di va ndi dung cua minh a) Dua theo nin tai nguyen da dugc nhdm thiet l^p tren website, nhom tiin hanh xdy dyng phdn bdo cdo cua minh bdng Power Point va gfti len website b) Nhdm lam quen vdi thiet bi ndng dd ddc, lap ke hoach thyc hien cu thi (muc tieu, dia diim, thdi gian, phucmg phdp, trinh bay bdng sd lieu, ket ludn) Ngay 5, 6, - Thuc hanh ndng ddc Rut kdt l u ^ ve hieu qud cua cac XAY DUNG giai phap chdng d rJiilm dang sft dung d dia phuang BAI BAO CAO - Trinh bay phan nhiem vu cua minh vao bai bdo cao dugc nhdm chia se c) Nhdm thuc hien trang tri cho chu de bai dy an cua mmh tren website, viit mpt doan gidi thieu ngdn ve dy an, ket ban va the hien mong mudn trao ddi y kien vdi ban be the gidi ve dy an d) Hoan tat phan hdi ddnh gid a) Cac vien lan lugt trinh bay ve cdc khd khan gap phai va y6u cdu hd trg b) Thdng nhat ket qua nghien ciiu; dinh hudng each trinh bay bai Ngay THAO bao cao trudc ldp;tiidngnhat each trinh bay tren website LU AN NHOM c) Lap ke hoach boat ddng tuan 2, ke hoach trinh bay bai bdo cao cudi khoa d) Chgn nhdm trudng khac e) Hoan tat cac ban phan hdi danh gia cudi budi lam viec a) Thanh vien cac nhdm Idn lupt hoan tat phdn viec cua minh de hoan thien bai Power Point vd bai bao cao trSn website Nhdm Ngay 2, 3, thuc hien ve mat ky thuat, ddng thdi soat va dam bao bai bao cdo HOAN THANH hoan thien BAI BAG CAO b) Phan hdi danh gid cdng viec c) Nhdm trudng hodn tat ban kiem muc danh cho nhdm trudng a) Cdc thdnh vien dgc va gdp y cho san phdm, ddng thdi phan hdi nhdt ky hpc tap va ban kiem muc cua cac vien nhdm b) Cdc vien dpc phan hdi, ban bac va thdng nhdt lai ndi dung Ngay5 PHAN trinh bay cho tung phan HOI BAI BAO c) Cac nhom trudng chi dao hoat ddng thdng nhdt ngi dung Nhdm CAO trudng gop y chung vi nhdt ky hgc tap cua timg vien, danh vao ban kiem muc theo doi hoat ddng danh cho nhdm trudng d) Chuyen vien tin hgc lien he chuan bi cho cdng tac bdo cdo (phdng, mdy mdc, phan mem ) Tap Chi Khoa Hpc Giao Due Ky Thupt (33/2015) Trudng Dai Hpc SuPham Ky Thuat TR Hd ChiMinh Ngay BUOI BAO CAO a) Cdc nhdm lan lugt bao cao b) Cac nhdm khac va vidn ldp theo doi, ddng thdi ddnh vao ban phdn hdi va ban ghi chii kiin thuc c) Sau bai bdo cdo, ca Idp se cimg tham gia phdn hdi tich cue d) Cac nhdm trudng thdng ke ddnh gia qua trinh hoan thdnh cong viec theo bdn kiem myc a) Cac nhdm chinh sfta bai Power Point + bai bdo cao tren \yebsjte ed bd sung theo y kien phan hdi va dang len website Hoan tat phan viec cua nhdm Ngdy NHAN b) Cdc nhdm trudng danh ban kiem muc cho cdng tac hoan KET QUA bao cao tren website vd gfti cho GV DANH GIA c) GV thdng ke va cho diem dy dn DUAN d) Cac nhdm nhan diem du an e) Ca ldp td chuc an mimg du dn cdng dung day hgc dy an nhdm ndng cao hieu qua day hpc 3.6 Thyc nghidm su ph^m 3.6.1 Myc dich thyc nghidm Ddnh gid tinh khd thi va hieu qud cua bien phdp day hpc du an viec phat trien nang lyc SDNNHH cho hgc sinh phd Ihdng Ddng thdi nit cac bai hgc kinh nghidm van 3.6.2 Noi dung va each thirc thyc nghiem Chiing tdi da tien hdnh thyc nghiem cdc dy an day hpc hda hpc ldp 10 ndng cao nhu sau: Bdng 7: Cdc dudn dugc thifc nghiem dgy hoc hoa hoc l&p 10 ndng cao STT T£n dy an ThM gian thyc hien Vi tri bai hgc Tdm quan trgng Ldp 10-chuang6.Nhdm cua oxi oxi-bai 41 Oxi Ldp 10 - SGK Hoa hgc Cac tac nhan d 10 Ndng cao - chuang nhiim khdng Nhdm oxi - bai 45 Hgp chdt cd oxi cua luu huynh tuan Ldp 10 - SGK Hod hgc Cam nang nhdn 10 Nang cao - chuong biit cac hda Nhdm oxi - bdi 46 Li^en chat t ^ chuong tuan 3.6.3 D6i tugrng thyc nghidm Chiing tdi tien hdnh thyc nghiem su pham d lop 10 nam hpc 2014 - 2015 tai trudng THPT: Vd Trudng Todn, Binh Chdnh, Luong Vdn Can, Nguydn Thi Minh Khai (deu thupc Cach thuc thyc hien tuan - Giao vien chia nhdm theo hinh thftc nglu nhien - Mdi nhdm ngudi tien hanh nghien cuu, danh gia tdi lieu, thyc hien y tudng de dat dugc ket qua cudi cimg la file bao cao va chia sefilenay tren trang web da dupe giao vien cung cap TP.HCM) Chung tdi thyc nghiem tren cap ldp thyc nghiem (TN) - ddi chirng (DC), vdi mdi cap ldp cd trinh dp tuong duong (dya vao diem trung binh mdn ciia nam hgc trudc) Tap Chi Khoa Hpc Giao Due Ky Thuat (33/2015) • Trudng Dai Hpc SuPham Ky Thuat TR Hd ChiMinh Bang 8: Danh sdch cdc l&p thirc nghidm vd ddi chimg LdpTN Giao vien thuc nghiem Trudmg THPT Ldp Vd Tnrdng Toan BinhChanh Luang Van Can SI si L*pBC Ldp Du Si so an Ky hi^u Nguyen Anh Duy 10A7 43 10A8 43 TN-DC5 Nguyen Pham Thiiy Linh 10A6 30 10A8 30 TN-DCl lOAl 29 10A2 29 TN-DC2 10A8 49 HAS 44 TN-DC3 35 10A9 35 TN-DC4 Nguyen Ngpc Anh Thu Nguyin Thi Minh Khai Nguy6n Thi Lieu 10A8 Tongs ) hpc sinh 186 181 3.6.4 Ket qua thyc nghiem ludn nhd ban d cac ldp DC, chiing td diem ma Qua phdn tich dinh lugng, chiing tdi thdy hgc sinh dat dugc d cdc ldp TN tap trung quaket qua hgc tap d cdc ldp TN ludn cao hon cac nh gid tri diem trung binh hon so vdi ldp DC Idp DC, cu thi: - Dd thi dudng luy tich cua ldp TN ludn - Ti le % hpe sinh dat diem khd gidi d cdc ndm d ben phai va phia dudi so vdi dd thj dudng luy tich ldp DC, chung td sd hpc sinh ldp TN ludn cao hon d cdc ldp DC va ti le % hpc sinh dat diem ydu, kem va TB d cac ldp dat diem x^ trd xudng cua cdc ldp TN ludn it hon cua cac ldp DC, ddng nghia vdi vi^c so TN thdp han d cac ldp DC Chiing td hpc sinh hpc sinh dat diem cao d ldp TN nhieu hon d d cac ldp TN, hi6u bai va van dung kiin thuc ldp DC lam kiem tra tdt hon so vdi cac ldp DC - So sanh dft lieu giua ldp TN va ldp DC - Diem trung binh d cdc ldp TN ludn cao thdng qua phep kiem dinh ddc lap t ta dugc hon d cdc ldp DC, dp lech chudn d cac ldp TN cdc sd lieu sau: Bdng 9: Tdng hgp dgi lugng kiim dinh T TN - DC TN-DC2 TN-BC3 TN-DC4 TN-DC5 '.J 2.67 2.67 2.63 2.65 2.64 T 4.64 4.59 5.63 3.62 3.56 Vdi xac sudt nglu nhidn la 1% (a = 0,01), ta thay sd lieu Id dang tin cay va su chenh lech gifta ldp TN vd Idp DC Id cd y nghia Sy chenh lech la hieu qua tac ddng cua phucmg phdp day hpc dy an dp dung chu khdng phai ngau nhien KET LUAN Thdng qua qua trinh nghien cim, chung ^i nhan thdy rang vice td chuc day hpc dy an day hpc hda hpc d trudtng phd didng Id mgt hudng di tdt, cd tinh khd thi cao qua trinh phdt triin nang lyc ndi chung cung nhu ndng lyc SDNNHH ndirieng.Qua dd, gdp phdn dang ki djnh hudng phdt triin toan dien ndng lyc vd phdm chdt ngudi hgc ma Nghi quyit 29, Ban chdp hanh Trung uong 8, khda XI (2013) da xdc dinh Tgp Chi Khoa Hgc Gido Due Ky Thudt (33/2015) Tnr&ng Dgi Hgc Su Phgm Ky Thuat TR Hd ChiMinh TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bemd Meier, Nguyen Van Cudng (2014), Li ludn dgy hgc hien dgi-Ca scr doi m&i muc tieu, ngi dung vd phuang phdp dgy hgc, NXB Dai hpc Su pham, Ha Npi [2] Dang Thi Oanh (2013) "Mye tieu vd chuan chuang trinh giao due phd thdng mdn Hda hpc sau nam 2015" Hgi thdo "Mgt so vdn de chung vi xdy dung chuang trinh gido due thong sau 2015 " Ha Npi [3] Trinh Le Hdng Phuang (2014) "Xdc dinh he thing cac nang lyc hpc tap co bdn day hpc hda hgc d trudng tnmg hgc phd thdng chuyen" Tgp chi khoa hgc Dgi hgc Suphgm TP.HCM S6 59 (93) [4] Nguyen Thi Thanh Tra (20I0)."Mdi quan he gifta ddnh gid cua giao vien va ty danh gid cua ngudi hgc ve ket qua hgc tap qud trinh day hpc" Kiyiu hgi thdo khoa hgc nghien cuu, gidng dgy vd img dung Tdm Ii hgc - Gido due hoc thai ki hgi nhdp quoc te, Ha Ndi [1] ... hgc sinh thuc hien cdc hoat dpng hpc tap Budc 9: Ddnh gia su phat trien nang luc SDNNHH cua hgc sinh qua cac cdng cu: Bang kiem quan sat; Hd so hpc tap cua hgc sinh; Phieu ty ddnh gia cua hgc sinh; ... Tongs ) hpc sinh 186 181 3.6.4 Ket qua thyc nghiem ludn nhd ban d cac ldp DC, chiing td diem ma Qua phdn tich dinh lugng, chiing tdi thdy hgc sinh dat dugc d cdc ldp TN tap trung quaket qua hgc tap... ddi vdi hgc sinh (bang 1) nhu sau: 2.4 Ket qua dau cdn d^t dugc ve nang luc sir dyng ngon ngu- hda hoc & cac cdp hgc De cd CO sd cho vice xay dung thang danh gia ndng lye SDNNH cho hpc sinh phd