TAP CHI KHOA HOC SO 5/2D1B 115 DOI DIEU VE DANH GIA SU PHAT TRIEN NANG LLTC VAN DUNG KIEN THliC CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG B A N G CACH Sii DUNG CAU HOI, BAI TAP HOA HOC Pham Van Hoan" '''', Hoang[.]
TAP CHI KHOA HOC - SO 5/2D1B 115 DOI DIEU VE DANH GIA SU PHAT TRIEN NANG LLTC VAN DUNG KIEN THliC CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG B A N G CACH Sii DUNG CAU HOI, BAI TAP HOA HOC Pham Van Hoan" ', Hoang Minh Ngoc^ 'Tnrang Bgi hoe Thu Hd Not 'Sd GD&DTBdc Giang Tdm tdt: Ngi dimg bdi hdo trinh bdy mgl vdi vdn de ve viec ddnh gid sir phdt tnen ndng luc van dung kien thirc giai quyet vdn de ciia hgc smh d cdc trirdng phd thdng ihdng qua dgy hoc Hod hoe De ddnh gid sir phdt wien ciia hgc sinh ve ndng luc gidi quyet vdn de ddi hdi ngirdi gido vien phdi ddu tu cdng sire xdy dimg dugc he thdng cdc cdu hdi, bdi tap ti-ong "cd vdn de" ddi hdi su tu logic De ddnh gid sir phdt tnen ndng lire phdt hien vd gidi quy el vdn de, cdc cdu hdi, bdi lap cdn phdi chua dimg "vdn de" ddi vai hoc sinh Mudn the, gido vien cdn cd nhimg hieu biet sdu sdc ve fhirc tien citng nhu ve bdn chdl cdc qud lrinh Hod hgc Td khod: giai quyet vdn de ddnh gid hod hgc chira dimg L M O DAU Muc tieu ctia ddi mdi da> hpc hien nliam dao tao nhiing ngudi lao ddng men ed kha nang hoat ddng thyc tien tdt Vi \'d> nipt nhiing nhiem \u cua giao due nha trudng la phdt bm tinh lich eye tu gidc, chu ddng sdng tao cua ngudi hpc bdi dudng phuong phdp tu bpc ren luyen ky ndng van dyng kien thiic vao thuc lien, hinh thanli thai dp tinh cam thu hpc tap cho hpc sinh phat trien nang lyc cho hoc smh Hien Bp Giao due vd Ddo tao bet siic chu trpng viec hinh va phat tnen ndng luc cho hpc sinh theo thay \ i MCC quan tam "hpc sinh bpc duoc gi" bang \iec yeu cau "hpc sinli lam dupe gi sau nhimg dieu hpc duge" [2] Cd nhieu cdng trinh nghien cim \-e phat trien nang luc eho hpc sinh thdng qua day hpc Hoa hpc, nhien \iec ddnh gia ket qua phdt trien ndng iyc cho hpe sinb cdn nhilu ban \iian nga> 2" 03 2016: giri phan bien \ a du\ et dang nga\ 24 05 2016 Lien he lac gia, Pham \'an Hoan: Email: p\hoan''en cho axit H2SO4 dac axit HNO_; dac ngudi?" Khi hpc \ e ancol et\iic cd the hoi "Tai cdn cd dp rugu cang cao thi kha ndng sdt tning edng tdt nhung edn sat trung duac su dung \ tl chi cd dp rugu tu 70 - 75'^?" Dieu lien quan den tac dung cua ancol etylic tdi tl bao cua \i kliudn ndng dp 70 - 75% the tich, ancol etylic se tham thau qua mang te bao cua \ i khuan \ a tieu diet \i khudn Nhimg a ndng dp cao han ancol et>lic lam ddng cimg mang il bdo tao vo boc ngan can qua irinh iham thau cua ancol \ao ben ca the vi khuan nen khdng ticu diet duac %i khudn 118 II T R U d N G BAI u n c T H D S D HA NDI Sau hpc phan axetilen, co the yeu cdu hpc sinh giai thich "Tai tha dat den xudng ao thi cd bi chet?" De tra ldi dugc cau hdi hpc sinh cdn bilt chat nao gay nen aieii Mudn vay, hgc sinh can biet phan ciia dit den (gdm CaCi, Ca3P2, CaO, CaCOs, CaS ) va cac phan iing hoa hpc xay Khi cho xudng ao, cac chat ddt den tac dung vdi nude se sinh mpt lugng canxi hidroxit, canxi sunfiia la cac chat lam cho ca chit (Mgt s6 tdi lieu tham Idtdo lgi hiiu sai cho rdng Id CaCs tdc dung v&i nuac sinh axetilen, sau axetilen tdc dung v&i nuac sinh andehit axetic let chdt ldm cho cd chet) Khi san xudt axetilen tii metan bdng phuong phap nhiet phan nhanh metan se thu dupe hdn hgp gdm metan, axetilen, hidro, cdn cd mot lupng nhd etilen va etan Tai vay? De trd ldi cdu hdi nay, hpc sinh s6 phai suy luan tu viec cd axetilen va hidro cung hon hop o nhiet dp cao cd thi tac dung vdi (nhd xuc tac di the) tao etilen va sau la etan 'fs^i: i ^ Lien quan din vdn dl an toan thuc pham, co the hdi hpc smh "Tai an banhjfe cd forraol se bi ung thu?" Hpc sinh can tim hieu phan ciia formol, nhung bien doi hod hpc xay cho fomol vao banh pho, vao co the ngudi Hpc sinh can hieu dugc mpt sd van de: Khi cho formol (dung dich nude cua andehit fomic HCHO) vao banh pha, cac nhdm OH phan tu tinh bpt cdng vao lien ket doi C = O ciia phan tit andehit tao thdnh cau ndi gifta cac phdn tu tinh bpt, do lam cho banh pha gidn hon Khi vao CO the, andehit fomic dugc gidi phong ra, phan iing vai cac phdn tu protein, gay bien ddi cdu tnic phdn tu AND, dan den gay ung thu Sau hpc v6 metan, cd the xay dung bai tap "Khi cho metan tac dung vdi clo, hdn hpp sau phan iing cd cac chat hiiu co, dd cd hidrocacbon X Ddt chay hoan toan X thu dugc sdn phdm chay gdm CO2 va nuoc cd ty le sd moi la 2/5 Xac dinh cdng thiic phan tii cua X va gidi thich tai cd X hdn hop sau phan iing", Vdi cau hdi nay, hpc sinh dugc ddnh gia ve k^ nang giai bai tap xac dinh cdng thiic phdn tir chat hiiu co {Cong thiec phdn tu cua chdt X Id C4H10) BB giai thich dugc sir cd mat ciia butan, hpe sinh se dugc danh gid vl nang luc gidi quylt vdn dl Hpc sinh da biet dugc cdc qua trinh hod hpe xdy (theo ca che phan ung) phan ling the clo cua metan, cd etan sinh phdn ung cua cac gdc tu do: •CH3 +.CH3 -^ CH3-CH3 Tuy nhien, de hieu duoc tai lai cd butan hdn hgp sau phdn ung, hpc sinh cdn suy luan dupe: Etan sinh ciing hi clo phdn iing sinh gdc tu do.C2H5; cdc gdc kit hgp vdi tuong ty gde.CHs d tren sinh butan C4Hio- TAP DHI KHDA HDD - SO 5/ZDlB || 119 KET LUAN Thdng qua mdt vdi thi du neu tren, chiing tdi mudn gicri thieu mpt each thiet ke ndi dung ddnh gia ndng luc phdt hien vd giai quyet \'an de eho hpc sinh trung hpe phd thdng qua day hpc mdn Hod hpc Dieu dd se gdp phan vao viee bdi dudng phuang phap ty hpe, tu nghien ciiu, tang cudng khd nang tu kiem tra, danh gia cua hpc sinh, gdp phdn thyc hien ddi mdi phucmg phap day hpc Hod hpc theo dinh hudng phat trien ndng lyc cho hpc sinh o cac trudng phd thdng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyen Van Cudng Bemd Meier (2014) Ly ludn dciy hgc hien dgi N.\b 0ai hpc Su pham Ha Npi Bo Giao due va Dao tao (2015), De dn ddi mdi chirang trinh sdch gido khoa Ha Noi Le Mau Quyen, Pham Van Hoan (2008), Hod hgc U \ x h Giao due Ha Noi Pham Van Hoan Nguyen Xuan Trudng (2009), Hod hoc 12 Nxb Giao due Ha Noi Bp Giao due va Dao tao (2010) Hirdng ddn thuc hien Chudn kien thirc ky ndng mdn Hod hoc Nxb Giao due Viet Nam Ha Npi Tieu chu^n Viel Nam TCVN 1659-75 REVIEWTNG THE PUPILS' APPLICATION CAPACITY AT HIGH SCHOOLS THROUGH CHEMICAL EXERCISES AND QUESTIONS Abstract: The article presented a few problems on evaluating the development of pupils' application capacity to sob e their difficuhies in learning Chemisti-y In order lo evaluate pupils ' application capacity Chemisin teachers should build a system of exercises and questions which requires pupils to solve "issue" logically Thus Chemistry teacheis should strengthen their deep understanding of reality and nature of the chemical processes Keywords solvingproblems, evaluate, chemisiiy contain ... cd butan hdn hgp sau phdn ung, hpc sinh cdn suy luan dupe: Etan sinh ciing hi clo phdn iing sinh gdc tu do.C2H5; cdc gdc kit hgp vdi tuong ty gde.CHs d tren sinh butan C4Hio- TAP DHI KHDA HDD... dugc ndng lyc ciia hpc sinh, npi dung bdi tap khdng don thudn ehi yeu cdu hpc sinh hpc thudc Iy thu\et hoac tinh todn ma cdn cd nhiing "mil thdt kiln thiic" ddi hdi hpc sinh cdn phai thao gd,... axetilen, co the yeu cdu hpc sinh giai thich "Tai tha dat den xudng ao thi cd bi chet?" De tra ldi dugc cau hdi hpc sinh cdn bilt chat nao gay nen aieii Mudn vay, hgc sinh can biet phan ciia dit