JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci , 2014, Vol, 59, No 6A, pp 9 15 This paper is available online at http //stdb hnLie edu vn TIEP CAN NANG L U C NGHE DAY HOC TRONG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN Phan Tron[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci., 2014, Vol, 59, No 6A, pp 9-15 This paper is available online at http://stdb.hnLie.edu.vn TIEP CAN NANG L U C NGHE DAY HOC TRONG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN Phan Trong N g o Vien Nghien cifu Stf phgm, Tnfdng Dgi hpe Su phgm Hd Not Tom tat Bai bao de cSp tdi cd sd khach quan va If lu3n cua viec tiep can nang life (NL) nghi dao tao giao vien Do la su chuyen doi tfl nhattUdngkien thflc (NTKT) len nha trUdng ki nang (NTKN) - nhan van va sU chuyen ddi nhan thflc kiioa hgc ve NL va tilp can NL dao tao Trong Iinh vUc dao tao giao vien, Uep can theo NL, trUdc h6t doi hoi phai co nhan thflc dung ve NL theo quan diem hien dai, xac dinh dUpc khung chuan NL diu ra, xac dinh difdc muc tieu cac NL cin dao tao, thiet ke chifdng trinh va id chflc dao tao iheo phUdng thflc indi so vdi dao tao theo ndi dung rii khoa: NTKT, NTPT (Nha trUdng phat ttien), tiep can NL, kliung chuan NL diu ra, muc tieu, chUdng trinh va 16 chflc dao tao, MCI d4u Trong vai thap ki gan day, nhieu nUdc Eren Ehe gidi nha trUdng da chuyen Efl Hep can ndi dung (tiep can KT) sang tiep can NL dao tao giao vien (Hoa Ki, 1986; Anh, 1985; Phap, 1986; Dflc, 1998, Nhat Ban, 1985; Oxtraylia, 1998 [4]) d Viet Nam, xu thi cflng dang du'dc djnh hinh va cang rd chien ifldc doi radi dao tao giao vien (DTGV) theo Nghi Quylt 29 cua BCH Trung Udng DCS Viet Nam [1, 12], Tuy nhien, Eai nhieu dien dan khoa hpc va tren thdc te [2, 3, 13, 14], van de tiep can NL nghe ttong DTGV d nUdc ta cdn nhieu dieu chua Ehdng nhit va chua thifc su tudng minh Bai vilt gdp phin lam sang td them nhflng vin de li luan cd tim quan trpng dac biet ddi vdi viec djnh hfldng ddi mdi DTGV hien Noi dung nghien CIJ:U 2.1 Tiep can nang lire nghe dao tao giao vien 2.1.1 Sti chuyen doi mo hinh nha trUtfn^ thong - yeu cau khach quan cua viec chuyen doi dao tao giao vien tir tiep can noi dung sang tiep can nang luc Trong xa hgi trfldc cdng nghiep, san xuit ndng nghiep va thu cong nghiep, chu yeu dua vao kinh nghiem da cd Hgc tap cua ngUdi nham thda man nhu ciu hieu bill cua Tac gia hen lac: Phan Trong Ngo dia chi e-mail: ngotamly@gniail.coni Phan Trgng Ngo minh Tfl dd da hinh va phat Erien nha trfldng kiln thflc (NTKT) Muc tieu chinh la truyen thu tti thflc khoa hoc; dao Eao nhflng ngUdi tri thflc, ngfldi Ii luan, Ho^it ddng hpc dupc quy ve hoat ddng nhan thflc NgUdi hpc tiep can tdi ddi tfldng hgc chu yeu thdng qua kenh Ehay giao, Ylu td dn dinh la Thiy truyen thu - trd tilp Ehu, yeu td dpng la cac phUdng phap day va hpc Giao vien (GV) thUdng la Erung tam, hpc vien d vj the bi dpng trUdc hanh dpng cua GV, trUdc ndi dung hgc tSp Vide doi radi phUdng phap chu yeu lam tang hieu qua truyin thu - tiep thu va nhU vay, dii trifc tilp hay gian tilp, viec ddi radi PPDH vin hfldng den ngfldi thiy Khi chuyen sang xa hgi cdng nghiep, nin Eang cdt Idi la san xuit cdng nghiep va dai cdng nghiep, ddi hdi phai cd Nha trUdng cdng nghiep - nha trUdng kl nang (NTKN), dd, hoat dgng hgc dUdc phdng theo quy trinh cd tinh cong nghe Yeu td bit bien la quy trinh hinh KN, bao gdm khau: diu vao ->• quy Crinh hgc tip -^ diu Trong dd, cac boat ddng xac lap chuan; thilt kl quy trinh hinh KN d hgc sinh (HS); td chflc, quan li giam sat qua trinh hpc tap; xay dflng cac cdng cu danh gia va td chflc danh gia theo chuan., la cac boat ddng cdt Idi.Viec ddi mdi cac phudng phap dUdc quy vl Iam tang hieu qua cua cac hoat ddng Ehilt ke va to chflc hinh cac KN cho HS Trong NTPT, ngUdi hgc ludn trUc tiep ddi dien vdi ddi tfldng hgc He thdng viec lara cua thiy hUdng vao viec tao moi trUdng sfl phara de trd boat ddng va phat trien; Cfl van va Erd giflp cac em hoat dpng Trong do, viec chan doan va dinh hfldng sU phat Erien cua HS; khao saE va thilt kl radi trUdng de HS boat dpng; trd giup va tU vin cho HS; quan ll ldp hgc dam bao hieu qua hoat ddng; xac dinh cac chuan NL, xay difng cac cdng cu va to chflc danh gia va tu danh gia v.v la nhflng hoat ddng chinh Viec ddi mdi cac PPDH cua GV chu yeu dfldc quy vl cac hoat ddng va sU phat tnen cua HS Trong NTKT hay NTKN, hoat ddng cua HS dUdc khep kin va hUdng tdi cai da cd, cai da bilt va gidi ban pham vi boat ddng cua GV Trong NTPT, hoat dgng cua HS la boat ddng md va hUdng tdi cai se cd Hieu qua hoaE ddng va phat trien cua HS phu thudc chu ylu vao nhu ciu, ddng cd va kha nang kiln tao cfla cac em, cung nhfl kha nang thiet ke tinh huong sfl pham cua thay giao, Trong md hinh NTKT va NTKN, KT va KN la muc tieu, cdn ttong NTPT chflng trd phUdng den de phat trien nhan each, NL Ndi each khac, NTPT KT va KN khong phai la thfl ylu Chflng rit quan trgng ddi vdi HS, nhung dong vai trd khac Do dd, chflng phai dfldc hinh va ddi xfl theo phUdng thflc khac vdi NTKT hay NTKN Su chuyen ddi cac rad hinh nha trfldng phd thdng la tit ylu va la cd sd khach quan de chuyen ddi cd ciu lao dgng sU pham va hinh NL nghe cho giao vien 2.1.2 Chuyen doi nhan thurc ve nang luc nghi dao tao giao vien Nhung nam 70 cua thi ki XX, quan niem ve NL thien ve kha nang va co npi ham kha rdng [9] Chang han, K K Platonov (1972) cho rang NL la mgt ciu ttuc chflc nani' cd ddng, bao gdm tieu cau true: a) Cac yeu Cd nhan each nhu xu hUdng, ddng cd, cam xflc; b) Cac ylu Id thudc vl kinh nghiem, KT, KN boat dgng; c) Cac ylu td tSm If Hen quan CrUc Eilp tdi hoaE ddng va d) Cac chflc nang sinh If phfl hdp vdi boat dpng Con theo D.Perkins (1983), NL la rapt ciu true gdm ba phin: Cac tiem nang tam - sinh If ca 10 Tiip cdn ndng luc nghi dgy hgc ddo tgo guio vien nhan + cac thu thuat hanh ddng + Trinh dd chuyen, Nhflng nam cudi cua thi ki XX, quan diem he thdng cang chiem flu the nghien cflu khoa hpc va thUc tiln [6] thi vin de NL dfldc quan niem rd hdn NL dflpc hieu la sfl huy dgng, van dung va tfldng tac gifla cac yeu td tam - sinh If, cac KT, kinh nghiera, gia tri, thai dd va KN hanh ddng cua ca nhan mgt boat dong nhit dinh, giai quylt co hieu qua cac Cinh hudng khac nhau, Dong thdi NL hoat ddng cua cii nhan cung dupc hinh Ehanh va phat trie'n chinh qua ttinh giai quyet cac tinh hudng dd,.Dilu cd nghia la phai coi NL la moE he Ehdng dupc van hanh sif tUPng tac cua cac ddn vj ciu thanh: KT va kinh nghiem vl boat ddng, KN hanh ddng, gia tri va thai dp tich cUc vdi boat dpng, Tit ca ddn vi tren deu dUpc trien khai ddng bd viec giai quylt mgt tinh hudng cu the, Chinh Crong qua trinh giai quylt Cinh hudng Chifc te dd, cac KT, kinh nghiem vS boat dpng, KN hanh dpng va cac ylu to tam li khac dUdc hinh va bd sung cho nhau, tao NL Quan diem NL phai dUdc hinh thanh, phat trien va bieu hien viec giai quyet cac tinh hudng hien thifc la xu hfldng phd biln viec hinh va phat trie'n cac NL cao cip nhfl NL quan li [7], NL sU pham [11], Trong Ilnh vUc dao tao GV, cung cd sU chuyen dich nhan thflc vl NL Vao nhflng nam 1970 - 1980, khai niem NL dfldc dimg chu ylu de chi nhflng ki nang chuyen biet ma GV phai cd de viec giang day, giao due cd hieu qua [12] Vi the, cdng viec cua GV dupc Cdi la mdt tap hdp nhiem vu raa GV phai hieu, thUc thi dflpc va cd the danh gia dUdc thdng qua mot bang ke cac dau viec Nhd each tiep can nay, cdng Eac DTGV dupc gan hPn vdi thflc te trfldng phd thdng Muc dich dao tao tfldng rainh hdn, kit qua dao Eao cd Ehe Ifldng va danh gia dfldc Tuy nhien, vdi each hieu ban hep ve NL, da dan den hien tfldng "loan NL", nghia la cd den hang tram NL dfldc dl xuat Vi the, vao cudi nhflng nam 1980, khai niem NL dflpc md rgng, khdng chi tap trung vao ki nang ma vao nhflng gi GV phai biet va cd the lam dfldc Cach hieu nhU vay ve NL cdn dUdc gpi la chuan va viec DTGV theo Eiep can la dao tao theo chuan Viec xac lap cac chuan trd mot cdng cu quan trgng va hieu qua DTGV, bdi le chung bieu thi radt each tUdng rainh nhflng gi ma GV phai bill va cd the lam dfldc thflc thi vai trd cua minh tai nha TPT [12], 2.1.3 Nhirng diem cot loi cua tiep can nang luc nghe dao tao giao vien a Xdc dinh khung chudn ddu ve NL nghi cdn ddo tgo cho sinh vien Trong dao tao GV, vin dl diu tien cua tiep can NL la xac dinh khung chuan vl NL nghi cin hinh cho SV (chuan diu ra), ThUc ra, tilp can KT, hay tiep can KN cung cin chuan (Chuin KT, chuin KN), VI vay, cin phan biet ro cac chuan vdi chua'n NL Diem khac biet gifla cac chuan la d chd chuan KT hay KN fvdi tU each la rauc tieu dao tao) hUdng din he thdng KT dupc trang bi va nhflng KN dupc quy dinh chUPng trinh, cdn KT va KN chuan NL la nhflng KT, KN hudng din cac hanh ddng giai quyet cac tinh hudng khac nhau, mang lai hieu qua cua hanh ddng Khdng phai moi KT, KN deu Cao NL, raa chi cd KT, KN phu hdp vdi boat dgng tinh hudng cii the nao dd mdi trd phfldng Cien cua NL Xual phat tli dac ttflng lao ddng sfl pham cua ngfldi giao vien nha Erudng hien Phan Trgng Ngo dai va dUa vao khung chuin nghi nghiep de thilt kl khung NL (KNL) sU pham cua ngfldi sinh vien tdt nghiep, la khau cd y nghia then chdt ca qua trinh dao tao cua nha trudng su pham Dudi day la md ta mgt khung NL sfl pham danh cho sinh vien Dai hgc sfl pham: A He gid tri nghe am clgt dilpc d ngUdi sinh vien tot nghiep: (1) Nhflng gia tri hUdng vao HS Yeu HS, khoan dung, dd lUdng; Tin rang tat ca mpi Ere em deu cd the hoc dfldc; Cam ket nudi dfldng tiem nang cua tflng HS; Coi trpng sif da dang (2) Nhflng gia tri mang ban sac cua ngfldi giao vien: hara hpc hdi; lac quan; kien tri, kien nhan; sang tao; sdng lanh manh; cdi md, than thien;thang than, trung thflc v.v (3) Nhflng gia tri phyc vu nghi nghiep: Yeu nghl;Tfl hao vl nghi giao;Trach nhiem nghe nghiep va xay dflng xa hdi van rainh; Cam ket chit Ifldng v.v , B He NL nghe nghiep cdn hinh thiinh cho SV sUphgm tot nghiep (i) NL khoa hgc chuyen nganh bao gdm nhflng NL cdt Idi sau day: - Nam vflng KT, kl nang khoa hpc chuyen nganh cin thiet, dap flng nhiem vu day hoc, va chuan bi cho viec hpc d cac bac hpc tilp theo hoac giao due tiep tuc; - Phat trien tri tue, hinh cac pham chat cua tU khoa hgc chuyen nganh can thilt cho viec thara gia vao ddi sdng cfla mpt xa hpi hien dai; - Nhan biet khoa hpc chuyen nganh nhU la mpt phfldng tien mo Ea va nghien cflu the gidi hien thUc; - Nhan bieE gia tri van hda cua khoa hoc chuyen nganh nhU la mdt phan cua van hda nhan loai Cd kha nang va ham mudn hpc hdi tiep thu nhflng net tinh hoa, phd quat cua van hda nhan loai (ii) NL sfl pham (theo nghia hep): Nhdm NL day hgc; Nhdm NL giao due; Nhdra NL dinh hUdng sU phat Erien cua HS; Nhdra NL phat trien cpng ddng; Nhdm NL phat trien ca nhan - Nhdm NL dgy Imc: (1) NL phat trien chUdng trinh va tai lieu giao khoa; (2) NL van dung phUdng phap, phUdng tien va hinh thflc td chflc day hpc bd mdn; (3) NL day hgc phan boa; (4) NL day hpc tich hdp; (5) NL xay dflng kl hdach day hgc, kl hoach bai hgc; (6) NL td' chflc cac hoat ddng hgc tap cua HS/NL thifc hien kl hoach bai hgc; (7) NL td chflc va quan li 16p hgc tren gid hoc; (8) NL hd trp HS dac biet day hpc, (9) NL danh gia sU tiln bg va kit qua hoc tap cua HS; (10) NL xay dflng, quan li va khai thac hd sd day hgc - Nhdm NL gido due: (1), NL giao due qua giang day mdn hgc; (2) NL xay dung kl hoach giao due; (3) NL van dung phUdng phap, phUdng tien va hinh thflc td chflc giao due; (4) NL td chflc boat ddng giao due, (5) NL xfl li cac tinh huong giao due, (6) NL giao due HS cd hanh vi khdng mong dpi, (7) NL phdi hpp vdi cac lflc Ifldng giao due va ngoai nha CrUdng; (8) NL CU vin, tham vin cho HS; (9) NL danh gia sif tiln bg va ket qua giao dye HS; (10) NL xay dUng, quan li va khai chac hd sd giao due Tiip cim ndng lUc nghi dtry hgc ddo tgo gt'cio vien - Nhthn NL dinh hifdng su phdt trien cd nhdn HS: (1) NL nhan dien dac diem ca nhan va dilu kien, moi trUdng sdng (gia dinh, xa hdi) cua HS (Chi'n doan Eiln dl hgc tap va phat trien); (2) NL hd trp HS thilt kl chien lUdc va ke hoach phat trien; (3) NL hd trd HS tU danh gia va dieu chinh - Nhdm NL phdt tridn ecmg dcmg nghe vd xd hpi: (1) NL phat trien cpng ddng nghe, (2) NL cong tac xa hdi - Nhdm NL phcit irien cd nhdn: (1) NL hoc; (2) NL giao tilp; (3) NL hdp tac; (4) NL thich flng raoi trfldng; (5) NL nghien cflu khoa hpc Tr6n thuc tl, khung chuan NL neu tren da dUdc ttUdng Dai hgc sU pham thflc hien tfl nam hpc 2014- 2015, dao tao giao vien cua ttfldng b Tiep can theo NL nghe dupc the hien xdc dinh muc dich dao tgo Khung chuin NL dau la ban chl dan hUu ich de xac dinh muc tieu dao tao cho ca khda hgc va cho tflng giai doan nhat dinh Vi vay xac djnh rayc tieu dao tao, cin lap dfldc raa tran cac yeu ciu ve NL phai cd d sinh vien qua tflng chdi ki va ca khda trinh Diem khd khan nhat ddi vdi viec xac dinh muc dich dao tao theo NL la phan biet va xac lap quan he gifla KT, KN va NL Can nhJln thflc rd rang, NL khong phai la cai bao ham KT, kinh nghiem, gia tn hay KN NL la yeu to t§m If Chudc ting sau cua ca nhan Tuy nhien, NL khong the tach rdi KT, KN, thai dp ciing nhu cac gia tri ca nhan khac Khdng cd nhflng td nay, khdng tao NL nghe Vi vay, tiep can NL nghe, khdng cd nghia la chi ndi ldi NL nghe, bd qua viec hinh Chanh va phat trien KT, KN Tiep can Cheo NL, yeu cau khong dflng Iai d mflc KT, KN, raa phai daC Cdi viec huy dgng, sfl dung va phdi hdp chung nhu the nad de giai quylt bilu qua bai Eoan boat dgng nghe nghiep, tflc la phai giai quyet mdi quan he myc dfch va phfldng tien Trong tiep can KT, ndi dung KT la rayc dich, cdn NL lii phUdng tien va la he qua, cdn tilp can NL thi ngUdc lai, NL la rauc dich, cdn ngi dung KT, kinh nghiem, KN hanh dgng la phUdng lien, Dieu tac ddng manh tdi viec lUa chgn va khai thac cac KT chUdng Erinh DTGV Trong quan he vdi KT, KN, NL dUdc bieu hien qua sU huy ddng va phdi hdp KT va KN vao viec giai quyeE cd hieu qua hay khdng mdt boat dong nao cac tinh hudng khac cua cupc sdng Khac vdi KT hay KN, NL cd cd chl hinh va phat tnen rieng, dieu dac bieE quan ddi vdi td chflc dao Eao giao vien c Tiep can NL nghe the Men d chiidng trinh ddo tgo Cd nhilu diem khac bieE viec thiet ke chUdng trinh (CT) dao tao Eheo Eiep can NL vdi CT Eiep cSn KT bay KN Mdt Erong nhflng diem cdt loi la CT tiep can Eheo KT dfldc EhieE ke phdng theo tflng linh vUc khoa hpc; tiep canKN la CT ren luyen cac hanh ddng, cdn tiep can Eheo NL chfldng trinh dfldc thiet ke theo hfldng tich hdp Ve hinh thflc, chfldng trinh tiep can NL thfldng dfldc thiet kl theo module Khac vdi thiet ke Cheo radn hpc, phan anh mdt linh vuc khoa hpc nhit dinh, module dupc hieu la mot cau phan mdt bo phan cua mgt he thdng, cd chflc nang phuc vu cho viec hinh radt hoac mgt nhdm NL nhic dinh Nhfl vay chflPng trinh la tap hpp rapt sd module cd chflc nang gin 13 Phan Trgng Ngp viec hfldng din hinh cac KT, thai dd hay KN nhit dinh qua trinh hinh NL nao cua ngUdi hoc d Tiip cdn NL nghe the hien d td chifc ddo tgo Td chflc dao tao cd y nghia quylt dinh hieu qua dao tao theo nang nghe va day la khau khd khan nhat, ddi hdi cd sU ddi mdi triet de Ddng thdi la khau phflc hdp, bao gdm he thdng cac hoat dpng cd quan he hflu cd vdi nhau: To chflc hoc tap tren giang dfldng, tai cd sd giao due phat trien nghe, tai Chfl vien, Cai nha v.v; Trong dd phfldng thflc td chflc dao mdi quan he gifla KT, KN va phat trien NL Trong cd chflc dao Cao, tiep can NL va tiep can KT khac khdng phai la tiep can NL khdng coi trpng KT, KN, khdng hUdng tdi viec hinh KT, KN hay thai hanh dgng, ma la td chflc dao tao de hinh chflng Trong td chflc dao lao Cheo Cilp can KT logic Chong thfldng la cung cip va ttlp thu, hinh Ehanh KT -^ dn, luyen cflng cd, phaE trien KT —> ren luyen (thUc hanh) KN -^ hinh thai ddi vdi boat ddng -> phat ttien NL, Cac cdng doan tren cd the dfldc tien hanh rieng re va cd the Cheo cac cdng doan tach rdi ve khdng gian, chdi gian Do sfl tach rieng re cac cd KT hay KN hanh ddng, theo mgt chudi ke Eilp nhfl tren, nen khdng phai bao gid cung dem lai hieu qua mong mudn Vi cac qua trinh bi chia cat nen thudng khong tao sU tUdng tac gifla cac phin cua NL va khdng theo nguyen li hoat dgng, Ket iuan Su khac biel cd ban gifla NL va KN la d chd KN la ylu td ki thual cua hanh dgng, dupc hinh qua luyen tap thuan thuc cac dgng Cac (hoac thao tiic tri dc) cua rape hanh ddng ChUc cien (hay hanh dgng Cri dc) Erong radt hoan canh nhat dinh, cdn NL lien quan irUc Ciep tdi su huy dgng, van dyng cac KT, kinh nghiem, thai dp, gia tri, KN hanh dpng da cd de tim giai phap giai quylt cac tinh hudng khac nhau.Ndi tdi NL, trUdc hit phai ndi tdi nhan thflc tinh hudng (thUc tten va EU duy) va giai phap giai quylt tinh hudng Di nhien de lara dUdc hai viec tren, ca nhan phai cd KT, kinh nghiera, thai dp, KN cung nhilu ylu td Earn- sinh li khac Vi vay, de hinh va phat trien NL, khdng the td chflc dao tao theo logic kiln Chflc hay ki nang, ma phai Cheo nguyen H hoac dpng: tao tinh hudng va to chflc cho SV giai quylt cac Einh hudng khac Trong qua trinh giai quyet mdt hp cac tinh hudng, SV se thu nhan dfldc KT ve ddi tUdng va KT hanh ddng vdi ddi lUdng do, hinh KN hanh ddng va kha nang di chuyen hanh ddng tinh hudng thay ddi Dilu cdt ylu cua viec hinh Chanh NL sU pham cho SV khdng phai la d chd chd hg hpc (dgc) nhieu hay ren luyen nhieu KN cu Che, ma la d chd ho dUdc Cilp can nhieu TINH H U N G DIEN HINH, bilc kham pha tinh hudng va giai quyet dUPc nd theo radt each tdi Uu, tren cd sd hieu bilt ve tinh hudng va huy ddng KT, KN giai quylt tinh hudng NhU vay, nghe thuat td chflc dao tao theo NL la nghe thuat xay dUng cac chuan NL; nghe thuat xay difng tinh hudng va to' chflc cho SV trien khai, giai quyet tinh hudng; danh gia hieu qua theo cac chuan Tiip can ndng lUc nghi dcty hgc ddo tao gido vtin TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [II] [12] [13J [14] [15] Nguyin Thi Binh va cgng sU, 2008 Gido due Viet Nam thuc trgng vd yeu cdu phdl trien Trong cudn "Thfl ban vl dinh hudng phat trien giao due phd thdng 10-15 nam ldi" Nxb Giao due Viet Nara Bg giao due va Dao tao, 2011 Kiyiu Hen nghi todn qudc ccic tnfimg supliam BdgiaodiicvaDhola.o,20\lh Kiyiu HfnthcioQiuk- gia vi khoa hpe gido due Viel Nam Lfl Dat- Chu Man Sinh (cb), 2010 Cat cdch gido due a cdc nudc phdl trien Nxb Giao due VietNam, R Gibson, 2004, Tu lgi tifOng lai Nxb Tre Jamshid Gharajedaghi, 2005 Tu he thdng (qudn li hem clem vd phiic help) Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hdi, Paul Herscy Ken Blanchard, 1995, Qudn li ngudn nhdn life Nxb Chinh tti Qudc gia Ha Ndi Gaudencio V, Aquynio, Perpetua U Razon, 1993, Educational Psychology Rex Book Store, Manila, Philippinec Ph.N, Gdndbdlin, tap 1: 1976, tap 2: 1979 Nhifng phdm chdt turn li eiia ngiliii gido vien Nxb Giao due Ken Bain, 2008 Phd'm chdt ciia nhimg nhd gido Uu nl Nxb Van hda Siu Gdn (Ban dich Cieng Viet cua Nguyen Van Nhat) James H, Stronge, 2011, Nhflng phi'm chat cua ngUdi giao vien hieu qua, Nxb Giao dye Viet Nara, Pham Dd Nhat Tien, 2013, Ddi mdl ddo tgo gido vien tnldc yeu cdu ddi nidi can bdn, loan dien gido due Viet Nam Nxb Giao due Viet Nam TrUdng Dai hgc sU phara Ha Ngi, 2011 Ki yiu Hpi thiio khoa hoc "Khoa hpe Su phgm chien lupe phdt tnen gido vien, yeuto cdn hdn ddi mdi gido due Viet Nam " TrUdng Dai hgc giao due, 2011 Tai lieu Hpi thdo khoa hoe "Nghien cilu di xudt gidi phdp edi cdch cong tde ddo tgo giao vien phd thong" F,E Weinert, 1998 Su phdt trien nhdn thicc hpc tap vd gidng day Nxb Giao due, Ha Ndi ABSTRACT Approach to professional competence in teacher training This article deals with the objective and theoretical foundations ofthe competence-based approach Eo teacher training which is to parallel a shift from knowledge-based education to development-based education and a shift in the conceprion of competence in terms of a competence-based approach to teacher training In teacher training, a competence-based approach musC arise frora a modern definition of 'competence' From that beginning, output standards must be determined to identify and set competency objectives that are to be identified and adopted, prior to establishing a curriculum and designing a new training program, 15 ... hoat ddng va sU phat tnen cua HS Trong NTKT hay NTKN, hoat ddng cua HS dUdc khep kin va hUdng tdi cai da cd, cai da bilt va gidi ban pham vi boat ddng cua GV Trong NTPT, hoat dgng cua HS la boat... sd giao due phat trien nghe, tai Chfl vien, Cai nha v.v; Trong dd phfldng thflc td chflc dao mdi quan he gifla KT, KN va phat trien NL Trong cd chflc dao Cao, tiep can NL va tiep can KT khac khdng... tao moi trUdng sfl phara de trd boat ddng va phat trien; Cfl van va Erd giflp cac em hoat dpng Trong do, viec chan doan va dinh hfldng sU phat Erien cua HS; khao saE va thilt kl radi trUdng de