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NGHIEN CDU CQI DINH HirdNG PHAT TRIEN Ki NANG SUPHAM CHO SINH VIEN THEO TIEP CAN NANG LUC TRONG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN L D I t v a n d e PhIt trien ngudn nhdn lye ehIt lupng cao 11 nhu d u d n th i l t cda[.]
NGHIEN CDU CQI DINH HirdNG PHAT TRIEN Ki NANG SUPHAM CHO SINH VIEN THEO TIEP CAN NANG LUC TRONG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN P G S T S T R A N THI T U Y I T OANH TntiUno D9I hgc Sir pli?m Hd K91 LDItvande PhIt trien ngudn nhdn lye ehIt lupng cao 11 nhu d u d n t h i l t cda mpi qudc gia, ddng vai trd q u y l t djnh d i n c h i t tuong ngudn nhdn lyc l y chfnh Id g i l o dye, dd p h l l k l d i n dpi ngd gido vidn (GV), nhOng ngudi tare t i l p thyc hidn cdng t i c ddo tao vd g i l o due t h i h i trd Do vly, ndng eao c h i t lupng ddo tao ddi ngu GV ludn Id v i n d l thu hut sy quan t i m , chd -^f cda cdc nhd gido due eung nhUcOa todn x l hdi Ndng lyc n g h i n g h i l p cCia ngudl GV duoc hinh thdnh vd phdt t r i l n qud trinh ddo tao ban d l u vd qud trinh hoat ddng n g h i nghidp sau ndy dd, giai doan ddo tao ban d l u d ede eo sd ddo tao GV glU vai trd n I n tdng Trong qud trinh ddo tao d ede trudng dai hpc sU pham (DHSP), kT n i n g su pham v l ndng lyc sy pham l i l n quan mdt t h i l t vdl chdng dypc hinh t h i n h vd p h I t t r i l n qud trinh hpe t i p tai trydng dai hpc v l thyc t i p t i e n g h i l p mdi trudng phd thdng, tao dieu k i l n cho sinh vidn v i n dyng k i l n thUe da hpc vdo thyc tiln n g h i nghidp, rdn l u y i n di t r d thdnh GV Yeu cau ve n i n g lUc cda ngUdl GV t r o n g xa hoi hidn dai Khi nghidn cUu d c ti t h u y l t theo quan diem t i l p can ndng lue, t i e g i l Paproek [5] d l chi ndm dde tfnh cabdn cOa tiip cdn ndng luc: ThUnhdt, tilp cdn nang luc du^ trdn tUtUdng giao due l l y hoat ddng ngUd! hpe td trung tdm ThUhai, t i l p c i n ndng lyc thyc hidn vide ddp yng cdc ddi hdi cOa chfnh sdeli ThUba, t i l p c i n nang lyc djnh hudng d i n cupe sdng hidn thye cOa eon ngudf ThCrtU, t i l p c i n ndng tut Id mdt quan diem gido due v l ddo tao rat linh hoat vd ndng dpng ThUndm, tilp c i n n i n g liic cho p h I p xdc djnh nhCmg tieu c h u I n cda n i n g lyc d n hinh thdnh mpt d e h rd rdng V i n di xdc dinh d c nang lyc eCia GV dupe di c i p t r o n g n h i l u cdng trinh nghien CCM, tde gid ngUdi Nga - Kuzmina N.V coi nang lye ei^a GV Id thdnh t d quan trpng vide hinh thdnh v l phdt t r i l n nang lyc cCia hpc sinh (HS) T r i n co sd n g h i l n cUu qud trinh gido due nhuld mdt h i thdng bao gdm t d hpp ele thdnh t d e l u tnic vd chdc n i n g , ed mdi quan h i mdt t h i l t vdi nhau, chju suchi phdi cda myc dfch gido dye vd day hpe, Kuzmina N.V [3] dd dUa hd thdng cdc ndng lyc cO bdn cOa ngUdi GV, bao gdm: - Nang luc n h i n thUe t h i hidn d cho ngUdi GV cd t h i " d m n h i n " dupc nhtihg dUdng nghiln cuTu HS moi lien hd vdi muc dfch hinh t h i n h d moi ngUdi hpc nhOfng p h l m c h i t dao dUc p h l m c h i t tri tud, ndng lyc lao ddng, ddm bdo cho ngUdi hoc t u phdt trien roi vdo nhung h o l n ednh khdc nhau, t h i m chi Id khdng thuan Ipi - Nang lUc thiet ke Id khd nang ngUdi GV cd t h i vaeh eon dudng giao dye cho p h I p ngUdi hpc ITnh hpi d e tri thdc b i l n d i "khdng b i l t " thdnh cdi " d l b i l t " b i n g eon dudng khdng ehl thd vj md edn hCru ich v l t i l t kiem, khd khan vd don gidn, d n g t h i n g vd s i n g tao - Nang luc k i l n tao Id khd nang t h i l t k l nhiimg budi hoe, gid hpc khdng gian vd thdi gian nhat dinh d l ngudi hpc cd the dat dUpc k i t qud cudi cung can tim kiem - Nang luc giao t i l p t h i hien khd ndng cda ngudi GV "cdm nhan dupc" nhiJng each thUc t h i l t lap vd phat t r i l n mdi quan hd tuong tac giUa b i n thdn vdi HS, giUa HS vdi tren co sd tin tudng Ian - Nang lyc t d chUe t h i hidn d khd nang cdm nhan eCia ngudi GV: nhdng d e h thUc td chdc hoat dpng nhdn thUe eCia HS trdn Idp vd ngodi Idp cd hidu qud, nhCmg cdch thUc t d chUc d c mdi quan hd ciia HS t i p t h i vd d c nhdm, nhCrng cdch thUe t y t d chiJc cua d c em, d e h thu'c t u tucmg tdc gliira HS vdi nhau, v.v Nhd gido dye hpc Abdulgalimov G L [1 ] da dua m d hinh hinh thdp ndng luc cua ngudl GV h l l n dai (hinh 1, trang 24) Theo md hinh nly, ndng luc cda ngudi GVduge chia Idm ba loai: ndng luc xd hdi, ndng luc supham vd ndng luc chuyin mdn Trong dd, nang lyc xd hdi ddng vai trd Id eo sd, la n I n tdng eho nang lye su pham vd nang lyc chuyen mdn md hinh nay, nang lye n I n t i n g ta nang tyc xa hdi, ndng lUe d i e Sti80-THANG5y201Z*23 Q NGHI£NC(IU_ trung cho n g h i GV t l n i n g t y t sU pham, n i n g tyc d i e trung cho timg bd mdn rilng b i l t 11 ndng luc chuyin mdn Ba loai n i n g lye ndy td ba thdnh t d eo b i n d u thdnh ndn ndng l y t ciia GV v l chOng cd nhCrhg d i l m chung n h l t djnh Tdc g i l m d hinh ndy cdn cho ring, dqing m d hinh n i n g lyc tdi uu n h l t Id ba loai n i n g lye n l y d dang hinh tam gidc d l u (nhu d hinh 1) Tuy n h i l n , tr^ng t h I l cdn b i n g ndy bi phd vd, d u tnic ndng lyc cCia ngudi GV s i bj l^ch theo d e hudng khdc trung hpc phd thdng d Vl^t Nam, cd t h i t h ^ ndng tyc cCia ngudi GV bao g d m nhCmg ndng lyc chung, tUe Id nhUng ndng lye d n p h l l cd d t i t d GVvd ndng lyc d t i m g bp mdn, tyc Id nhCmg n i n g tuc gdn llln vdl d | c thti eCia bp mdn md ngUdI GV d d gidng day NhCmg ndng lyc ndy gidp eho GV thyc hidn cd hidu qud cdc nhi§m vy, d c v i n di thupc ITnh vyc day hgc gido d y e cQng n h y xa hdi hay cd n h i n nhOhg tinh hudng khdc nhau, t r i n eosd cua sy h i l u biltvd kTnIng (KN), k i x l o , kinh nghidm cung nhy sy chia sdhdnhd^ng Hinh 1: Md hinh ndng li/c cOa ngudi GVhl^n dgi D j n h h u d n g p h I t t r i l n KN sU pham cho sinh v i l n d c trUdng DHSP t h e o t l ^ p c i n nSng lire KN (skill) Id mdt pham ti-Ci cda t i m If hpc dupc xem x l t theo n h i l u khla canh khdc cd hai khuynh hydng chlnh xem xdt khdi ni$m ndy, khuynh hudng thU n h l t chu y l u di sdu nghidn cUu mdt ki t h u | t thao tdc cua KN Khuynh hudng t h y hai xem xdt KN nghiing v l m I t n i n g tyc eua ngudi Theo quan ni^m ndy, KN viia cd tinh 6n djnh, vira ed tfnh m I m d I o , linh hoat sdng tao, vtia cd tfnh muc dfch N A N G Lt/C XA H ^ C O A THiSlNH Hal quan d i l m ndi t r i n , v l thyc c h i t khdng phu djnh nhau, sy khdc chCi y l u d chd m d rdng hay thu h?p thdnh p h l n d u tnJc cCia KN Chdng tdi cho ring Theo Prof Bernd Meier [4], md hinh d u triic KN dypc h i l u td mdt t d hpp d c hdnh ddng dupe cl ndng tyc bao gdm t h i n h p h l n td: ndng lyc chuyin nhdn tliUc hidn mdt linh vuc ho?t d^ng nio 66, mdn; n i n g lyc phyong phdp; n i n g lyc x l hpi; n i n g cd mdi quan hd m d t t h i l t v d thdng n h l t vdi theo lye ed the Cle thdnh p h l n ndy cda n i n g lye khdng mpt myc dlch chung, dya t r i n nhung tri thUe sdu sk h o l n todn tdch b i l t nhau, t i c gid da dUa nang lyc cCia d nhdn v l linh vyc do, ddm bdo ctx) hoat dong n g h i nghidp cua GV bao gdm: ndng lyc day hpc, thyc h l l n mdt each cd hidu q u i vd cd d i l t lupng ndng lyc gido d y e nang lyc chan d o l n , ddnh gid, Nhu vly, KN vira mang tinh kl t h u l t v i a mang tfnh t u van, n i n g tyc ddi mdi, p h I t t r i l n n g h i nghidp vd n i n g luc N I n g lye su pham t h i h l l n hoat ddng |:^at t r i l n trydng hpe Quan diem eua ede tdc g i l day hpc vd gido dye ciia GV, g i n tiln vdi KN supham, d l u cd nhCmg d i l m tyong ddng n i n g lye mang tfnh tdng hpp, khIi q u i t hon Dya vdo xu t h i p h I t t r i l n chung eiia gido dye Ndng lyc v l KN d l u id k i t q u i cCia q u i trinh t h i gldl vd y l u d u cOa thye tiln gido dye Vl^t Nam, ddo tao nhd trydng vd q u i trinh rdn luyin ola nhCrng ydu c l u v l ndng tyc cua ngudi GV h l l n sinh viln.Trong q u i trinh ddo t^o n g h i d d c trUdng dupc phdn I n h cdc vdn kidn cd tfnh phdp tf NIng lyc n g h i n g h l l p eOa ngudl GV trung hpc phd dai hpc su pham, KN d n phdt t r i l n d sinh viln II thdng Vl^t Nam dupe x l e djnh theo ehuIn n g h i td hpp d c KN ddm bdo eho sinh v i l n thyc hlln ed nghidp GV trung hpc co sd, GV trung hpc phd thdng c h i t lupng vd h i l u qud d e hoat d^ng sU pham eo [2], trorig d d cd GV trung hpc phd thdng d n phdi ed bdn (day hpc vd g i l o dye HS) vd d c hoat ddng khac (qudn tf, hoat dpng xa hpi, nghidn cUu khoa hpc tU d e n i n g lyc n g h i n g h l l p nhu^ - NIng luc tim h i l u ddi tupng v l mdi tn/dng phdt t r i l n J , Dya v I o y l u d u v l nang tyc ddi vdi ngydi GV x l hdi hidn dai, qud trinh ddo tao d gido due; d c trydng dai hpc sy pham d n phdt t r i l n cho sinh - Nang lyc day hpc; v i l n d c KN sau: • N I n g tyc gido d y e ::\ - NIng lyc hoat ddng chfnh trj, xd hdi; - NIng tyc phdt t r i l n n g h i nghilp; Tir quan d i l m cCia cdc tde gid v l ngodi nirdc eung nhU v i l e xdc d|nh ede ndng lyc cOa GV 24-KHOA Hpc 6lA0 DVC - Cle KN tim h i l u ddi typng vd mdi trydng gilo dye nhu; KN thu thap thdng tin day hpc vti g i l o d y e KN xCrtf thdng tin vd s i l d u n g thdng tin vdo day hpc v l gido due; NGHICN cini - Cdc KN v l day hpc nhU: KN x l y dyng k l hoach day hoc; KN to chyc gid hpc trdn tdp thyc h l l n dupe npi dung day hoc theo qui djnh chuong trinh mdn hpe; KN v i n dung d c phuong p h I p day hpe theo hudng phdt huytinh tich cut, ehii d^ng vd sdng tao cda HS; KN sUdung ede phuong tidn day hpe KN hudng d i n HS t u hpe KN td chUe ngoai lihda mdn hpe KN x l y dung mdi trUdng hpc t i p ; KN x l y dUng, bdo qudn, sU dyng hd so day hpc theo quy djnh; KN kiem tra, ddnh gid k i t q u i hpe t i p eiia HS; - Cde KN v l gido due HS nhU: KN xdy dyng k l hoach hoat dpng gido d y e KN td chUe hoat ddng gido dye; KN xdy dpng t i p t h i HS; KN phdi hpp ede lye tupng gido due qud trinh gido dye HS; KN gido dye HS cd hdnh vi lech chuIn; KN ddnh gid k i t qud rdn tuydn cua HS; KN ddnh gid k i t qud rdn tuydn dao dUe cda HS; - Cdc KN ve hoat ddng chinh tri, xd hdi n h u KN td chCrc d e hoat dpng cdng ddng; KN tham gia hoat ddng chinh trj, xa hdi; - Cdc KN phat t r i i n n g h i nghidp: KN t u ddnh g i l , KN t u hpc vd t y rdn tuydn; lOM phdt hidn v l g i l l q u y l t v i n d l ndy sinh thyc tien gido due Q u i trinh ddo tao trydng DHSP Id n I n tdng ban d l u d l rdn luydn vd phdt t r i l n d c KN su pham eho GV tuong lai, viec rdn tuydn vd phdt trien d c KN ndy duac thyc hien todn bd qud trinh ddo t ^ a NhUng KN gidng day bp mdn g i n vdi d i e thO cDa bd mdn ma sinh vien se ddm nhidm gidng day sau ndy, mdn Phuong phdp gidng day trudng DHSP rdn luydn va p h I t t r i l n eho sinh vidn nhdng KN g i l n g day mdn hpe cy t h i Vile tieh eye ddi mdi phyong p h I p day hpc eCia g i l n g vidn theo hudng phdt huy tinh tich cyc, ddc lap, sdng tao eua sinh vidn khdng ehl giup eho sinh vien hpc t i p tich eye s i n g tao ma cdn thdc d l y hp v i n dyng sing tao d e phuong phdp day hpe phti hpp vdi ddi tupng HS di ndng cao hidu qud day hpc trudng m hpc tdp cd n h i n , t y k i l m tra ddnh gid) Phdt t r i l n eho sinh vidn d c KN hpc t i p ndy cung chlnh Id giiip cho nhimg GV tuong lai hinh thdnh cho HS cCia minh nhOng KN dd Cdc mdn hpc mang tinh nghidp vu nhu Tim If hpe Gido due hpc giiip eho sinh vidn v i n dyng k i l n thUc vdo tim h i l u ddi tupng HS d l cd nhUng t i c ddng phii hpp day hpc vd gido due Kiln thUe II t h u y l t cOa d c mdn hpc ndy phdi hd tro cho vide hinh thdnh vd phdt t r i l n d e KN day hpc vd KN g i l o dye eho sinh vidn Lf t h u y l t vd thyc hdnh mdn hpe cd sy tich hpp vdi nhau, dd d c tdi l i l u hpc t i p d n dupe bidn soan cho phti hpp vdi d e ndng lye da dupc xle dinh, gitip d l sinh v i l n hoc nhdng gl Id then chdt di hinh thdnh dUpc hd thdng d c KN n g h i nghilp NhOhg KN dd dupe xdc djnh vd md td ey t h i v l d i md hp se Idm dUpc hpc xong mdn hpc D i l u ndy cung ddi hdi SV phlt thudng xuydn cd dupe cic thdng tin p h l n hdi v l sU hinh thdnii vd phdt t r i l n d c KN supham cda minh Cdc bdi tdp thyc hdnh mdn T i m Ii hpc v l Gido dye hpc cd vai trd quan trpng vide hinh thdnh va phdt t r i l n cho sinh vidn KN g i l l q u y l t d e nhiem vu eCia thyc tien gido due Do vdy, d c bai t i p thyc hdnh phdi phong phd, t h i hidn d nhieu dang nhU: g i l l q u y l t tinh hudng su pham (tinh hudng thyc hodc md phdng), tao sdn p h i m , thyc hidn hoat dpng thyc tien D i l u quan trpng la chung phdi chUa dung nhdng v i n d l dang dat v l d n dupe g i l l q u y l t thuc tien day hpc vd gido dye d nhd tiUijng h l l n Chuong trinh ren luydn nghidp vy thudng xuyIn Id d i l u k i l n tdt eho sinh v i l n rdn luydn phdt t r i l n tay n g h i , ndi dung rdn luydn ttmg kl, ttmg ndm khdng ehl dupc cy t h i hda ma can cd sy e l p n h l t sit vdi ydu d u eua ddi mdi g i l o dye hidn Rdn luydn nghidp vu su pham cho sinh vidn d n quan tdm rdn luydn tU KN dpn gidn v l mat su pham (dpc ndi, dat e l u hdi, trinh bay bdng ) den KN phUe tap nhu t i p Vdi xu t h i "hpc sudt dcA", hoat ddng t y hpe I I k l hoach bdi g i l n g , td chUe gid hpc, gidi q u y l t tinh mpt p h l n CO bdn cQa hoat dpng hpe tdp, gldp sinh hudng supham, td ehUe hoat ddng gido dye ) v i l n cdc trudng DHSP h o l n t h i l n vdn k i l n Cle dpt di thyc t l , thyc t i p su pham chlnh 11 thUe khoa hpe v l KN n g h i nghllp.Thdng qua gidng mdt CO hdi eho sy g i n k i t glCfa trydng sy pham day d c mdn hpe nhd trydng, d n hinh thdnh vd trydng phd thdng, sinh v i l n e I n dupe t i l p d sinh v i l n nhCmg KN hpc t i p phii hpp n h u nhUng e I n vdl thyc tiln trydng phd thdng sdm d l ed su KN v l nhdn thye (tim k i l m , khai thdc ngudn thdng djnh hudng rdn tuydn KN su pham ttr kN vdo tin hpc t$p; KN xCr If, d i n h g i l thdng tin); KN trinh trudng, sinh vidn can dupe t i m h i l u , Idm quen d i n bdy v l giao t i l p hpc t i p (trinh bdy b i n g vdn vdl cdc hoat ddng eCia ngudl GV nhd trudng b i n , b i n g Idi ndi; giao tiep b i n g cdng ngh^ thdng d d c mCre dp, tU d d dinh hudng cho phdt t r i l n tin); d c KN quan If hpc tap (hoach dinh qud trinh nhCrhg nang lyc chung den nhOmg n i n g tyc d i e t r i l n khai hoat ddng hpc t i p , t d chCrc mdi trudng thil v l ehuyin mdn (Xem tiep trang 31) Sd80-THAHG»2012