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JOURNAl OF SCIENCE OF HNUE EducaEional Sci , 2014, Vol 59, No 6A, pp 3 8 This paper is available online at htEp //stdb hnue edu vn GIAI PIIAP DOI MOl PHUONG THUC, BOI DUONG NHAM NANG CAO CHAT LUONG Dp[.]
JOURNAl OF SCIENCE OF HNUE EducaEional Sci., 2014, Vol 59, No 6A, pp 3-8 This paper is available online at htEp://stdb.hnue.edu.vn GIAI PIIAP DOI MOl PHUONG THUC, BOI DUONG NHAM NANG CAO CHAT LUONG Dpi NGU GIAO VIEN Dinh Quang Bao Vien Nghien cilu Su phgm, Tnfdng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hd Npi Tom tat Cac giai phap ddi mdi, bdi du6ng giao vien phai difdc giai quyel mpt each ddng bg hu'dng tdi xac dinh hpp Ii muc tieu ngi dung, phiidng thiic bdi dudng Viec xac lap cac ylu tl cd ban phai theo nguyen lie: Phat trien nang lUc nghi nghiep giao vien la mot qua trinh Hen tuc vdi logic quan he hflu cd gifla dao tao ban dau va tu dao tao tai chflc Nam nguyen tac difpc dk xuit bai bao dapflngyeu ciu vii nguyen (ac neu tren Tif khda: Giai phap, phUdng thflc, boi du5ng, nang !Uc nghe nghiep giao vien Mb dau Nang life nghe nghiep giao vien dUdc phat trien lien tuc sudt qua trinh hoat dpng sU pham d nha trUdng phd thong NhU vay, dao tao ban dau d ErUdng Su pham chi lii sU chuan bi tiem lUc ban dau nhUng cd gia tri nen tang cho giai doan tU bdi dUdng sudt cudc ddi lao ddng nghe nghiep cua mdt giao vien De xac dinh giai phap doi mdi phUdng thflc bdi dfldng dpi ngu giao vien phai tuan thu nguyen tac dd Noi dung nghien ciiu Vdl sfl phat trien cfla khoa hpc, cdng nghe giao due phai thay ddi ndi dung, hinh thflc phfldng phiip giao due Tuy nhien, cd rapt nguyen li khdng ddi: Giao vien la yeu td quyll dinh chat lUdng giao due Cat ihay ddi la each thflc kien tao kien thflc cho hoc sinh Thai vay, each thflc dd phu thupc vao yeu td ludn luon thay ddi, dd la cau tra ldi cho cau hdi: Day ai? Day de lam gi? Day cai gi? Day nhu the nao? Ldi giai dap cho cau hdi dd ciu qua trinh day hgc Ngudi giao vien hanh nghi ludn phai tra ldi cau hdi dd Va tit ylu, chit Ifldng, nang lflc day hgc ciia giao vien phu thugc vao chat Iifdng dap flng cau hdi Ngay nay, cSu hdi DAY DE LAM GI? dupc loai ngUdi giai dap la day de hpc sinh: HOC DE B I £ T , HOC DE CUNG CHUNG SONG V6l NHAU HOC DE LAM NGUOl Dd la triet If giao due chi phdi ldi giai dap cho cau hdi cdn lai Tac gm lien lac: Dinh Quang Bao dia chi e-mail baodq@hniie edu Dinh Quang Bao Ldi giai dap cho DAY CAI GI? xa hdi hien dai la: DAY CACH HOC Cau tra ldi la he qua cua nguyen li giao due hinh nhan each cd kha nang "HOC TAP S U T Ddi" Hpc thfldng xuyen sudt ddi nhu la radt chia khda md cfla vao thdi dai kinh tl tri thflc, hay thdi dai van minh tri tue Do each hpc la cai cin cd hanh trang cua cupc ddi mdi ngUdi hien dai That vay, sU phat trien vd cflng nhanh chdng cua khoa hoc, cdng nghe lam cho tri thflc cua nhan loai Eang theo ham rafl Gia tdc dd da lam cho neu nhu d thap ki 70 thi ki trUdc tri thu'c nhan loai tang hai lin Eheo chu ki nam, thi hien chu ki dd chi cdn nam Dilu dd se din din mdt mau thuin gifla mdt ben la tri thflc khong Id ludn biln ddi, bd sung vdi mgt ben la thdi gian ngUdi dUdc giao due Erong nha trUdng ludn cd ban ki Neu khong khac phuc dUdc mau thuin dd thi se din din mgt bi kjch la nlu nhu nam tdt nghiep ldp 12 thi nam sau hgc vin dd chi tdi thieu tUdng dUdng vdi hpc vin cua hoc sinh ldp tai thdi diem dd Gia toe tai mu la khung khiep ma each chfla tri nhat la hinh Ehanh bien phap EU hpc sudt ddi cho ngUdi hpc chfl khdng the bang each tang thdi gian dao tao Erong nha trfldng Thdi gian dfl lang bao nhieu ma vin theo phUdng phap truyen thdng la truyen kien thflc san cd mdt chieu thi hi vong kien thflc ma hgc sinh thu dfldc nha trUdng cung chi la dai lupng cflc be so vdi sif phaE trien cua tn thflc khoa hpc, cdng nghe Con ngfldi khong the hpc de Iam vdi khdi lUdng va chat lupng kien Ehflc dd thdi dai Dd la dilu khac biet so vdi qua trinh day hpc d giai doan trUdc ma khoa hgc cdng nghe phat ttien cham O thdi dd, tti thflc nhan loai bien ddi cham cho nen dfla chau cd the sdng dUdc bang kinh nghiem ma ngUdi dng da truyin cho cha, cha lai tilp tuc truyin cho nd Do vay, phuong phap truyen thu kien Ehflc cd san theo each giao dieu, "chia khda trao tay" vin cd gia tri, PhUdng phap day - hgc dd da ngfl tri ttong nha trUdng tfl lau, luc diu cdn cd gia tri, din dan gia tri be di, din gia tri khong nhflng thip di, ma cdn Erd nen nguy hai Tuy nhien phUPng phap day dd da trd dgng hinh cua ngUdi day cho din bay gid c i n phai cd giai phap thay ddi dgng hinh dd Thay doi de chung Ea xay dUng va sfl dung mpt he phUdng phap day - hpc cho tao dUdc d ngUdi hgc nang lflc tu hpc, tu thich flng linh hoat de giai quyet nhflng van de xuat hien can cho cudg sdng cua cua ho Cach nhat de giai quyet mau Ehuan tren la nha trfldng day each hgc cho hoc sinh, Dao tao nha trfldng chi nen coi la dao tao ban dau de cd rapt trinh dp hgc van nhit dinh ma cau trflc cua hgc van dd, each hpc la cdt ldi Giao due, dao tao phai chuyen tfl hpc mdt lin cho ca cudc ddi sang hpc rapt lin de thu dUdc each hpc nhieu lin hgc thUdng xuyen ca cudc ddi mpt ngUdi DAY AI? Cau hdi lien quan den ddi tfldng giao due - ngUdi hpc De cd tac dung den viec li giai vi cin va cd the ddi radi phUdng phap day - hpc nha trUdng Men nay, ldi giai dap cho cau hdi dl cap din dac diem phat trien tri tue cua hpc smh Cac chl sd phat Erien ve sinh li, tam If the life, tri tue ciia ihl he tre dlu tang va thuSn Ipi cho viec ddi radi ndi dung, phUdng phap giao due theo hUdng phat trien cao hdn vl nang lUc nhSn thflc Cd the ndi the nang tiep nhan tri thflc cua hgc sinh cang cao hdn trfldc nhieu, vi vay boat dong day - hoc cd dieu kien td chflc, khai thac tilm nang vdi hieu suit cao hdn hgc sinh dUdc tara minh trdng be thong tin ma thdng Ein chay den Efl nhieu kenh, nhieu ngudn khac Va nhfl vay, hpc sinh cung cd nhilu cdng cu Guii phdp ddi mdi phUVng thifc, bdi dudng nhdm ndng cao chdt hfpng dpi ngii gido viin nhieu each khac de thu thdng tin khoa hgc Ngudn thong tin, cd hpi, each thu thdng tin phong phfl, da dang da lam cho ngudn thdng tin din tfl ldi giang cua giao vien khdng cdn la nhat nhfl trUdc nfla Thdng tin tfl Ehuyet trinh cua giao vien thara chi neu khdng cai tien, cSp nhat ihudng xuyen cd the dan den khdng chi ngheo ve Ifldng ma cdn lac hau ve chat Tdm lai, hpc sinh the he hien dai vfla cd kha nang, cd hdi thu nhan thdng tin, vfla cd kha nang tfl gia cdng trf tue cac Ehdng tin dd de bien tri thflc cua rieng minh Dac diem dd khdng chi cho phep, ma cdn budc giao vien phai Ehay ddi phUdng phap cung cap thdng tin la tam sang phfldng phap td chflc ngUdi hpc gia cdng, xfl li thdng tin bang cac thao tac tri tue la ban chit cua phUdng phap day hoc mdi Can phai nhan manh rang boat ddng day - hgc cd Idi the de tiet kiem thdi gian cdng sflc giad vien bd cho viec cung cap thdng tin, nhUng dieu lam khong lam giam vai Erd cua giao vien, trai lai cang ddi hdi giao vien phai nd life phin dau nhieu hdn, cd nang lUc sU pham cao hdn, mdi hdn That vay, thdng tin khoa hgc ngfldi hgc cd the tfl tra cflu, thu nhan tfl nhieu ngudn, d nhieu cd hpi khac nhau, nhung vin de khoa hpc dat de dinh hUdng ngfldi hpc thu thap thdng tin de giai quyeE Ehudng lai phan nhieu ngfldi day Vai' trd ngfldi day nha trfldng hien la djnh hfldng td chflc ngfldi hgc tfl tim kiem tri thflc bang nhflng van de, nhflng bai toan nhan thflc NgUdi day giao tiep vdi ngUdi hoc bang viec lara, bang van de khoa hpc, thay cho sU giao Eilp chu yeu bang thuyet trinh Nhflng phan tfch tren day da la ldi giai dap cho cau hdi: DAY NHU THE NAO?, gdi gon lai, neu nhfl hien dang phd bien phfldng phap day truyen dat kien thflc mdt chieu, thi phai chuyen sang phUdng phap bang giao vien trao cho ngUdi hpc cdng viec va day hoc sinh each hoan cdng viec de tu thu nhan kiln thflc Nhflng pham chat cin cd cua giao vien neu tren chinh la muc Eieu chat lUdng hien cua cac trUdng sU pham [] ] De dat dUdc muc lieu chit lupng dd can cd nhflng giai phap dao tao va bdi dfldng giao vien mdt each thich hdp Tnfiie hit cin lao rapt logic de dao tao va bdi dfldng giao vien la giai doan ke Eilp Trong giai doan dd diio tao tao tiem life ban dau, Tilm lUc dd khdng chi de hp dap flng yeu cau trUdc mat ma cdn nhU la ngudn nang lUdng du de hg tU bdi dUdng lien tuc dap flng dupc yeu ciu cang cao cua sU phat trien giao due, Y nghia cua giai doan bdi dudng la vd cflng to ldn bdi may li sau day [2]: Thd nhdt neu nhu giai doan dao tao dUpc thUc hien Erong khoang din nam, thi giai doan bdi dUdng, tU bdi dfldng dien suot cudc ddi Iam giao vien cua mdt ngUdi Neu mdE ngudi tdt nghiep dai hpc sfl pham lflc 22 tudi, cong tac den 60 tuoi thi ho phai bdi dudng 38 nam lien tuc EEen tai tdc dd tang tri thflc cua nhan loai Eheo tdc dp nam tang gap ddi Ehi tdi thieu hg phai lan hgc dai hgc nfla ttong qua trinh cdng tac giao due mdi dap flng dfldc yeu ciu cua giao due cac cap Thif lull, bdi dfldng vfla de tti, khdng lam mai mdE di nhflng gi da nhan dUdc Erong giai doan dao tao d trfldng sU pham, vfla bd sung khiem khuylt ma luc dao tao d dd de lai ThUc vay, thifc tiln giao due d cac cip hgc, cac dia phfldng la vo cung phflc tap vdi nhieu tinh hudng da dang khien cho sU dao tao cac trfldng sfl pham du cd gang din dau cung khdng phu khap dupc giao vien mdi ErUdng cd sfl lung tung radt phin vl ki nang Dinh Quang Bao sfl pham chfla ki xao, mpt phin ldn hdn va cham vdi mgt ma Iran cac tinb hudng thflc tien mdi raa hp chi bill nguyen tac khai quat de giai quyeE ma chua cd ki nang giai quyll thich flng Nhu tren da neu giai doan dao tao nha trUdng sU pham tao lUc khdi ddng vdi nang lupng dU ttfl dung cho lin hpc dai hoc sfl pham sau tdt nghiep lin diu NhU vay, nhflng nara dao tao trUdng sU phara la giai doan dao Eao the nang cua nang lflc giao vien De cd Ehi nang dd, viec dao tao d cac ErUdng sU pham phai Eao cho sinh vien kha nang tu hpc Vl yeu ciu nay, hien tai cac trUdng sU pham thUc hien chua that tdi, chinh VI vay rapt sd giao vien sau ErUdng phai dUdc bdi dUdng nhU la sU dao Eao lai Xin nhan manh rang, khai niem "bdi dUdng giao vien" phai phin diu de khong bao ham ca nghia dao tao lai, ma chi de cap nhat cai mdi, phat trien nang lflc cijng pha vdi yeu cau phat trien giao due ddng thac phat trien tn Ehflc nhan loai vdi gia tdc cang ldn Vdi yeu ciu nhu vay, cac trUdng sU pham thuc sU phai cd sU chuyen bien cd ban ve phfldng phap dao tao Tfl phan Efch tren cd the neu mdt each khai quat giai phap cd ti'nh chat chiln Ifldc cho viec thuc hien nhiera vu dao tao va boi dUdng giao vien la: Dao tao phai dap flng dfldc viec tao nang life bdi dudng, vfla de ngan chan hao mdn cai dUdc dao tao vfla quan trpng hdn la de khulch dai cai dupc dao tao du de dap flng phat trien nang tUc giao vien, dap flng sif tang len cua yeu cau phat trien ciia giao due cac cip hpc Mudn vay gidi phdp cii the ddu tien cua dao Eao la giao vien cua tat ca cac cip hpc dlu phai dupc dao tao cd trinh dai hgc sU pham, nghia la hg phai dudc dao tao It nhat nam, va tien tdi nen kinh te cho phep phai nam Gidiphdp thit hai: Can cd nhflng chfnh sach Uu tien, hap din hdn ddi vdi nghi giao vien de thu hut ngUdi gidi vao cac trfldng sfl pham Miy nam gin day miln hpc phi cho sinh vien sfl pham, Iii'dng giao vien cd phan cao hdn mdt sd nganh da thu hut dUdc nhieu ngUdi gidi vao hpc nganh sU pham, Tuy nhien neu cd chinh sach Edt hdn, dac bieE chinh sach khau sfl dung sau tdt nghiep dai hpc sU pham thi tinh hinh thu hut ngfldi gidi chac chan se kha quan hdn Gidi phdp ihif ha: Cac trUdng sU pham phai dfldc dac biet quan tam, diu tu dung hudng nhieu mat, TrUdc mat, cin cd sU diu tU dao tao bdi dUdng de cac trUdng sU pham cd dpi ngfl can bd manh vdi trinh dd khoa hpc cao Chang han, Trudng DHSP Ha Noi da va dang xay dUng ddi ngu vdi nhflng giai phap raanh dan de d dd cd nhflng nha khoa hoc cd ban, khoa hgc giao due dau nganh, O day, chung toi de nghi cac cap lanh dao phai thSt sU thim nhuin quan diem la lam cho cac trUdng sU pham phai cd ddi ngu giao vien vdi trinh cao ca d khoa hgc cd ban va khoa hgc giao due Hai raat trUdng su pham cd quan he tUdng hd - nhan qua, De dUdc nhU vay, viec xay difng cac trUdng sU pham vl dgi ngfl, vl trang thiet bi ki thuat, cdng nghe, ve cau trflc bd may td chflc phai hudng tdi tao sU tac ddng qua iai d mflc hieu qua cao gifla nghien cflu, dao tao khoa hgc cd ban va khoa hpc giao due Giai quylt vin dl cin tflng bfldc tilp can he thdng Tilp can he thdng kien loan ddi ngu can bd, thilt kl cd ciu to' chflc, diu tu cd sd vat chir, xay dflng ndi dung chfldng trinh, kl hoach dao tao va nghien cflu khoa hgc [3] Ciiu phdp ddi mdt phifdng thdc bdi dudng nhdm ndng cao chdt lupng den ngii gido viin Gidi phdp thil ttf: Cac trUdng sU pham tien hanh dao tao va nghien cflu khoa hgc phai tam nnnh Ehflc tien phd thdng Viec cac trUdng dai hgc sU pham trpng diem cd cac trung tam, vien nghien cflu khoa hoc giao due vdi bien che hdp li de cd the cd nhflng san pham nghien cflu phuc vu cho dao tao cua chfnh trUdng dd, vfla phuc vu ca nganh sfl pham, guio due phd thdng Gicii phdp thd nam: PhUdng phap dao Eao d cac trUdng sU pham phai ddi mdi mdt each can ban Dac diem chu yeu cua sU ddi mdi dd la tang cUdng td chflc sinh vien tfl hgc De cd nang life tU hpc cin ren cho cac ki nang dgc sach (ttm tai lieu, thu thap thong tin, xfl If thdng tin v.v ); hinh d sinh vien thdi quen phat hien, giai quyet van de, luyen cho sinh vien cac bien phap logic: phan Efch - td'ng hdp, so sanh, thilt lap quan he nhan qua, he thdng hda, khai quat hda KT nang tu hgc la pham chit vo cung quan trgng vi dd la tiem nang cho sU bdi dUdng sudt qua trinh cdng tac cua ho NhQng giai phap neu tren day deu hfldng tdi Eao mdt chat lupng dao tao dap flng kha nang EU boi dUdng, tfl dao tao sudt ddi cho giao vien Ve boi dudng gido vien, chimg tdi xin neu mot so gidiphdp sau ddy: Thic nhdt: To chflc Efl bdi dUdng la chu yeu, Mudn vay, viec tao dieu kien de giao vien cd tai lieu phong phu, kiem tra danh gia ket qua tfl bdi dUdrig, cd chinh sach khuyen khich hdp If Ehanh tich tif bdi dddng v,v., la ddng life quylt djnh hieu qua bdi dudng giao vien Thil hai: Viec bdi dudng giao vien phai dUdc Eo chflc tai trUdng ma hp cdng lac Mudn vay, viec kien toan cac to chuyen mdn ca vl cd cau chat lUdng doi ngu, ca ve ne nep ngi dung sinh hoat hgc thuat cd y nghia qua trgng Trong tap the giao vien can cd nhflng giao vien dUdc dao Eao, bdi dfldng cd Erinh dd cao de hg lam ndng cdt td chflc cac xemina, smh hoat hgc thuat Viec hinh Ehanh dpi ngfl giao vien cdt can d cac Erfldng Ehdng cua tit ca cac mdn hoc phai trd giai phap cd Einh chiln lUpc cfla nganh giao due [4], Thif ba- De cd cac chu dk djnh hudng cho giao vien boi dfldng cin cd sU nghien cflu, bien soan tai lieu {cd the khdng can chi tiet ma la cac de cfldng cu the) Vien nghien cflu giao due, cac trfldng sfl pham phai dat nhiem vu Ehanh trpng tam, va tit nhien nganh giao due, dao tao phai cd nhflng chfl trfldng td chflc hoat ddng nhflng chUdng trinh hanh ddng NhUng dilu quyet dinh nhat van la tao cd che kich thich cac IrUdng sU phara lam cong viec Thd lU: Mdi dia phUPng (tinh, huyen) can cd cac trUdng diera ve td chflc bdi dUdng giao vien Xay difng cac ErUdng diem, dien hinh ve cac maE hoaE dgng khac chflng ta da cd kinh nghiera, ke ca trUdng chuyen ldp chgn, vay tai chung ta khdng thay cin thilt viec xay dUng trUdng diem vl cdng Eac bdi dfldng giao vien Trong diem ve td chflc, ve chfnh sach, ve cd che (xm nhin manh tao cd chl vin la quylt dinh nhit) Thif ndm: Can bd quan li giao due cac cip, cac cd sd ttfldng hoc phai dupc lUa chgn, bdi dUdng, dao tao de hg vfla la Eam gUdng ca nhan vl tu bdi dfldng, vfla la ngUdi cd tam huyet, cd kinh nghiera td chflc boat ddng bdi dfldng ddn vi raa minh quan li day nhin manh vai trd, yeu ciu cua Hieu trUdng nha trfldng, cho din din xuit hien nhflng Dinh Quang Bao vi hieu trfldng cac ErUdng c6 kha nang xac dinh dfldc giai phap td' chflc phiJ hdp, xac dinh dUdc cac chu de dinh hudng bdi dUdng tap the giao vien cua cac ddn vi Chflng nao chflng ta chfla to chflc bdi dfldng chUdng trinh hoaE ddng cua cd sd trUdng hoc thi chflng hieu qua bdi dUdng giao vien chfla cao, ma viec bdi dfldng giao vien vln la hinh thflc, khong bien hieu qua thuc tiln giao due Ket luan Tfl su phan tich quy luat tat yeu cua sU phat trien nang lUc, nghi nghiep giao vien de xac dinh muc tieu, ndi dung, phUdng ttiflc va cd che, chinh sach boi dfldng dpi ngfl giao vien, Tfl cac ylu td cd ban de xac dinh cac giai phap ddi mdi bdi phfldng thflc bdi dudng, nang cao nang !Uc nghi nghiep cua ddi ngfl giao vien dap flng yeu cau luon doi mdi, phat trien cua giao due phd Ehdng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Bg Giao due va Dao tao, 2004, Chudn nghi nghiep gido vten [2] Nguyin Thj Binh, 2013 Nghien ciiu de xudt cde gidi phdp cdi cdch cdng tdc ddo tgo, hdi difdng gido vien phd thong De tai khoa hgc Giao due cap Nha nUdc [3] Dinh Quang Bao, 2008, Ndng eao ndng lite eiia he thdng co sd ddo tgo gido vien ddp dng yeu cdu cua ddi mdi gido due Viet Nam Dl Eai NCKHGD cip Bg 2008 [4] Trin Ba Hoanh, 2006, Vdn de gido vien - Nghien ciiu li lugn vd thifc lien Nxb Dai hoc Su Pham Ha Ndi ABSTRACT Innovative solutions in teacher training to improve teaching quality Solutions in innovative teacher training should be impleraented synchronously to effect reasonable training goals, content and mode The establishment of these fundamental elements should develop professional teaching competency in a continuous process with an organic and logic relattonship between initial training and in-service training The five principles proposed in this paper meet the requirements and principles outlined above ... ndi dung, phUdng phap giao due theo hUdng phat trien cao hdn vl nang lUc nhSn thflc Cd the ndi the nang tiep nhan tri thflc cua hgc sinh cang cao hdn trfldc nhieu, vi vay boat dong day - hoc cd... trfldc nhieu, vi vay boat dong day - hoc cd dieu kien td chflc, khai thac tilm nang vdi hieu suit cao hdn hgc sinh dUdc tara minh trdng be thong tin ma thdng Ein chay den Efl nhieu kenh, nhieu ngudn... Va nhfl vay, hpc sinh cung cd nhilu cdng cu Guii phdp ddi mdi phUVng thifc, bdi dudng nhdm ndng cao chdt hfpng dpi ngii gido viin nhieu each khac de thu thdng tin khoa hgc Ngudn thong tin, cd