Li L U A N G I A O DUC DAY HOC DOI Mdi REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU SU''''PHAM GIAI PHAP NANG CAO C''''HAT LUllNG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN O TS PHAM THI KIM ANH* 1 Chd''''t lugng ddo tgo g ido vien (OTGV) trong cdc trudng su[.]
Li L U A N G I A O DUC - DAY HOC DOI Mdi REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU SU'PHAM GIAI PHAP NANG CAO C'HAT LUllNG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN O Chd't lugng d d o tgo g i d o vien (OTGV) cdc trudng su phgm hien chd't lugng OTGV dugc bdng k i l n thue ehuyen ngdnh vd phuong phdp dgy hgc (PPDH), cdn ggi Id k i l n thuc chuyen mdn vd nghiep vy su phgm (NVSP) vd hai y l u t d ndy nhu «2 chdn" cua moi GV Nhung thue t l hien nay, k i l n thuc v l phuong phdp cuo GV ndi ehung, sinh vien (SV) su phgm ndi rieng cdn n h i l u hgn c h i Cd nhieu nguyen nhdn ddn d i n tinh trgng ndy, dd vd'n d l ddo tgo (OT) nghiep vy ede trudng su phgm Theo bdo cdo tdng k i t cuo Trudng DHSP Hd Ndi, k i t qud thue tdp su phgm (TTSP) cua SV ndm 2008, 2009 (khod 55, 56) chi cd logi khd, gidi vd xud't sdc, khdng ed SV x I p logi trung binh (xem bdng) X I p loai K55 K56 SV ngoai su pham Xuit sic SV su pham 96,58% 97,13% 69,89% Gioi 3,23% 2,67% 23,66% Kha 0,19% 0,0% 6,45% Bdng so lieu cho thd'y, cde trudng phd thdng ddnh gid k i t qud thue tdp ciia SV rd't coo, nhien, thuc chd't Igi khdng nhu vdy Q u a hen hdnh d u g i d , d i l u tra, phdng vd'n SV vd GV hudng ddn TTSP d mgt so trudng cao ddng, dgi hgc, chung tdi thu duge nhung k i t ludn phdn hdi nhu sou: 1) Ve ndng lye chuyen mdn: - Nhieu SV ehua vung vdng v l k i l n thuc nen ehua ldm ehu dugc bdi gidng; - Khd ndng phdn tieh vd ndm vung ehuong trinh - SGK cdn y l u , chua b i l t khoi thde sdu nhOrng ndi dung eo bdn SGK, chua nhd'n mgnh, xody vdo nhirng vd'n d l cdt Idi vd trgng tdm cua bdi hgc k h i l n ndi dung ddn trdi, hdi hgt; - Tinh trgng thom k i l n thue edn khd phd Tap chi Giao due so (ki i - 9/aoii) TS PHAM THI KIM ANH* b i l n , ldm cho bdi gidng ddi ddng, ndng n l vd thudng «ehdygido dn"; - Dd'i vdi cdc thudt ngCr, khdi niem, t h i i u vd'n tu vd k i l n thuc chuyen sdu nen viec gidi thich cdn ndng cgn vd t h i i u sue thuylt phye 2) Ve phuang phdp dgy hge - SV ehu y l u vdn dgy theo phuong phdp hojyln thd'ng, khd ndng vdn dyng cde PPDH tieh cue (neu vd gidi quylt vd'n d l , vd'n ddp - ddm thogi, thdo ludn nhdm) cdn lung tung Mgt so SV dd ed gdng dp dyng CNTT vdo dgy hgc (DH) nhung edn ndng v l b i l u d i i n , trinh ehilu tren mdn hinh, nen hieu qud thd'p KT ndng dien dgt ehua chudn (ndi nggng, ndi Idp, ndi nhdt gung, h i n g dia phuong hodc dua them cdc lien h> rdng, thi Id, md ) Mgt khde, Idi gidng ehua cd ngiJ dieu, b i l u hien cdng thdng nen bdi gidng thiiu su hdp ddn - KT ndng v i i t bdng chua dgt y§u cdu Nhieu SV v i i t nhanh, nhung chCr xd'u, trinh bdy bdng chua khoa hge hoy v i i t qud d d i , qud n h i l u ehi t i l t Ngugc Igi, cd SV v i i t qud ngdn, it thdng hn, khdng tdm tdt dugc nhung ngi dung eo bdn eua bdi hgc tren bdng d l HS de theo ddi vd ghi chep - SV edn thiiu kT ndng td ehuc DH theo nhdm, nhdt Id khdu chgn vd'n d l de thdo ludn nhdm, chio nhdm, phdn cdng frdch nhiem eua tong thdnh vien h-ong nhdm, dgc biet Id d i l u khiln hogt ddng cuo nhdm, nen k i t qud hogt dgng nhdm khdng eao, ddi chi mang tinh hinh thuc - KT ndng su dyng dd dung true quan edn y l u , chua b i l t k i t hgp giiJa Idi gidng vdi viee ehi ddn tren dd dijng true quan KT ndng giao t i l p , x u li cde tinh hudng DH cdn lung King nen ehua d i l u khiln td't qud trinh DH d tren Idp Nhieu SV ehua tgo ldp duge mdi quan he than mdt, gdn gui, cdi md giua thdy * Tnrdngfiailioc stf pliam Ha Npi # tro, nen su tuong tdc DH rd't khd khdn vd ddy Id diem yiu nhdt eua SV hien Phong thdi, tdc phong vd cdc thao tdc su phgm tren Idp cua SV cdn vyng v l , t h i i u tu hn, chua tgo dugc «cd/ u / " trudc mdt hgc trd 3) Ve ndng lyc qudn li: - Viec ldp k l hogch DH gido dye eua SV dgt thuc tdp cdn khudn mdu, cung nhde, chua sdng tgo, linh hogt, ddi qud phy thude vdo GV hudng d d n ; Khd ndng bao qudt, d i l u k h i l n Idp ehua td't vi phdi lo viec truyen dgt k i l n thuc cho kip thdi gian h i t hgc Thuc t l tren cho thd'y, n l u cdc trudng su phgm khdng kjp thdi cdi hen, ndng coo chd't lugng DT NVSP thi chdt lugng OTGV se Id trd nggi ldn dd'i vdi ede nhd toyln dyng Ddi mdi ren luyen NVSP O l ndng coo chd't lugng OTGV, cdn cd n h i l u y l u to ddng bd, nhung eo bdn phdi ddi mdi cdng tdc ren luyen NVSP cho SV, vi ddy Id y l u td quan trgng, dgc trung co bdn cuo trudng su phgm vd cdn thue hien nhOng vd'n Ae sou: 1) Ddi mdi quy trinh ddo tgo NVSP Quy trinh DT song song nhu hien d mgt so trudng su phgm cd nhieu uu diem, SV tu ndm thu dd 6ugc ren luyen NVSP xen ke vdi viec hgc ede mdn ehuyen ngdnh Tuy nhien, thdi lugng ddnh cho ren luyen NVSP ndm hgc cdn it, rdi rgc vd thiiu he thd'ng; ddi khi, viec DT NVSP giira cdc khoa mdt trudng khdng dugc ddng deu vd edn thiiu su thd'ng nhdt Do d d , cdc trudng su phgm nen cd mgt khoa (hay trung tdm) chuyen ddo tgo NVSP; a d d , SV dugc ren cdc kT ndng CO bdn chung nhu: kTndng dien dgt (ndi, viit), kT ndng trinh bdy bdng, su dyng dung tryc quan, thiit kigido dn Ngodi ra, nhCrng kT ndng DH mang tinh ddc thu cuo bd mdn thi GV cdc khoa se ddm nhiem Vdi mong mud'n thay ddi eo bdn tinh hinh OTGV, nhirng ndm qua, Khoa su phgm (DHQG Hd Ngi) hoy Trudng Dgi hgc An Giang dong CO gdng thuc hien xdy dung mdt md hinh, md khoa su phgm chi hodn thien «dau ra" vd chu yeu trang bj NVSP, edn k i l n thuc n i n , kiin ihuc phan eiing duge ddm bdo fu cdc ehuyen ngdnh khde 2) Ddi mdi ngi dung chuong trinh DT NVSP Nhin vdo chuong trinh dong d p d y n g hien nay, ede hge phdn lien quan d i n DT NVSP c h i l m ti le khdng nhd, dd the hien su coi trgng dd'i vdi cdng tdc DT NVSP Tuy nhien, quo thuc t i i n DT, ndi dung chuong trinh vdn cdn khd n h i l u bd't cdp Chdng h g n : - Viec g i d n g d g y cdc hgc phdn Tdm li hge, Gido dye hgc van ndng v l li t h u y l t vd tinh chd't hdn ldm; chua thue su gdn k i t , bdt kjp vdi su b i l n d d i ngdy cdng phuc tgp d p h d thdng SV chua dugc «tdm minh" vdo cdc hnh hudng ey t h i DH-GD d trudng p h d thdng, nen thd'y it gdn bd vdi mdn hge ndy vd ndy sinh tdm li hgc dd'i p h d Vi vdy, n h i l u SV trudng bj hyt hdng vd h i t sue lung tung trudc nhCrng tinh hud'ng g a p phdi d tren Idp; Cdc hgc phdn v l PPDH bd mdn dd cd' g d n g bj cho SV ndm vung he thd'ng ede PPDH eung nhu cdp nhdt nhung vd'n d l ddi mdi v l PPDH d p h d thdng, song vdn tdn tqi khodng cdch khd xa giua li t h u y l t vd thuc t i l n , g i u a d d o tgo d trudng su phgm vdi thuc t l gidng d g y d nhd trudng V i d y , n h i l u SV ngd n g d n g , lung tung trudc nhung yeu cdu ciio GV hudng d d n d trudng p h d thdng (nhu cdch Igp ke hogch DH, thiet ke g i d o d n , trinh bdy bai g i d n g , su d y n g cdc phuong hen, d d dung tryc quan, td chuc cdc hogt ddng DH-GD ngodi gid len ldp ) Tu thue t l tren, edn xem xet vd dieu ehinh noi dung ddo tgo eho phij hgp vd hieu qud theo hudng: gidm bdt li thuylt, tdng cudng thuc hdnh theo hudng ung dyng, gdn vdi thuc h i n phd thdng, chu trgng ren luyen cdc kT ndng DH-GD eho SV (dgc biet Id kT ndng ung x u , giao t i l p ) Ben eqnh do, cdn dgt bd mdn PPDH vdo mdt vi tri thich ddng vd tdng cudng ddu tu 6e bd mdn thuc sy trd thdnh rudng cdt ddo tgo NVSP 3) Chu trgng tdi dgy niau, ldm mau quy trinh DT NVSP Xdy dung mdu, ldm mdu vd dqy mdu Id nhCrng khdu td't yeu cuo quy trinh DT nghe Viee xem mdu, ldm theo mdu khdng chi cd y nghla dgc biet dd'i vdi SV cdc trudng kl thudt md cdn ed tdc dyng Idn DT nghe DH Tuy nhien, ldm mdu chua dugc chu trgng quy trinh OT NVSP d cdc trudng DHSP hien Phdn Idn cac gidng vien vdn ndng v l li thuylt, chua chuyin hod li thuyet n g h i thdnh mdu cy t h i Ae SV thdy true dien vd hgc quo mdu N h i l u gidng vien co the ndi v l cdch thue dgy mdt bdi nhu t h i ndo rdt hay, nhung yeu cdu gidng mdu bdi dd thi khdng ldm dugc, hode ndi ve PPDH bdng tinh hud'ng, phuong phdp neu vd gidi q u y l t vd'n d l , rd't bdi bdn, nhung 6i thue hien qua mgt vi dy Iqi khdng thuc hien dugc Tap chi Giao due so (ki i 9/aoi D Tu thuc t l d d , dgy mdu phdi dugc coi Id yeu edu bdt budc quy trinh OT NVSP Sou hgc li thuylt, SV phdi dugc xem mdu, dugc nhdn dien vd phdn tieh qua mdu, ldm thudn thyc theo mdu, sou dd mdi sdng tgo Mud'n ldm dugc dieu ndy, cdc trudng DHSP phdi cd ddi ngu gidng vien khdng ehi gidi v l li thuylt md gidi ed thuc hdnh d l ldm mdu tren Idp Su sinh ddng cua viec ldm mdu, bdi gidng mdu se giup SV hinh thdnh nhirng kT ndng su phgm nhanh nhd't, hieu qud nhdt 4) Tdng eudng su dyng bdng hinh ren luyen NVSP cho SV Thuc t i l n DH d trudng phd thdng d i i n vd cung sinh dgng, phong phu vdi n h i l u tinh hud'ng da dgng vd phue tgp Trong qud trinh DT, SV it cd d i l u kien t i l p xuc vdi thuc hen Thdi gian ngdn cuo cde dgt k i l n tdp, TTSP khdng du 6e eho SV h i i u h i t thuc h i n DH d trudng phd thdng Neu b i l t xdy dung vd su dyng cde bdng ghi hinh v l ede h i t dgy cuo GV phd thdng, cdc hogt ddng G D ngodi g i d len Idp d nhd trudng hodc ede t i l t gidng tdp eua SV 6e minh hog, phdn tieh vd giup SV quan sdt, hgc tdp, due rut kinh nghiem s§ khdng nhCrng mong Igi hieu qud coo md cdn gdn dugc vdi thuc h i n d phd thdng Mgt khde, ed t h i su dyng mgt so dogn bdng hinh chua dung nhirng mdu thudn v l ndi dung, v l phuong phdp hoy cdc bien phdp td chuc DH-GD d l xdy dung cdc bdi tdp tinh hud'ng cho SV thdo ludn, tgp gidi q u y l t tinh hud'ng hgc li thuylt Ddy Id gidi phdp tich cue vd thudn Igi ren luyen NVSP cdn dugc duo vdo qud trinh OT 5) Ddu tu ea sd vdt chdt chuyen dyng eho DT NVSP SV su phgm cdn cd cdc phdng hgc ehuyen dyng 6e tdp gidng, ren luyen cdc kT ndng toy n g h i Hien nay, cdc trudng DHSP vdn chua cd dugc nhirng phdng hgc chuyen dyng vdi t h i i t bi edn t h i l t cho OT NVSP Vi t h i , viec ddo tgo NVSP cdn n h i l u hgn c h i vd ehua dgt tdi trinh chuyen nghiep D l khdc phye hnh trgng ndy, trudng su phgm cdn ddu tu xdy dung cde phdng hge vdi ddy du trang t h i l t bj cdn t h i l t (bdng, phdn, guong, camera, ede logi 66 diing true quan, cdc d y n g cy thi nghiem ) d l SV cd t h i tdp gidng, ren luyen theo quy trinh khoa hgc vd ehinh sua cdc thao tdc n g h i nghiep chua ehudn; ddng thdi, xem vd phdn tich cdc gid gidng mdu cua GV qua bdng hinh de hge tdp, due rut kinh nghiem Gidi q u y l t duge vd'n d l ndy se Tap chi Giao due so (ki i • 9/aoii) gdp phdn quan trgng vdo viec ndng eao chdt lugng ren luyen NVSP 6) Thay ddi thdi gian va ngi dung kiin tap, TTSP cho SV TTSP Id khdu cudi eung cuo qud trinh OT trudng su phgm Id moi trudng thyc de SV t h i hien ddy du nhd't ket qud hgc tdp, ren luyen cuo minh, nen TTSP Id mgt hogt ddng ren luyen h i t sire quan trgng Tuy nhien, thdi gian, ngi dung vd cdng tac td chuc TTSP hien cho thd'y khdng it nhirng bd't cdp: Hgn che Idn nhd't eua qud trinh OTGV (4 ndm) Id thdi gian k i l n tdp, TTSP eua SV qud it (ehi tu 3-4 tudn), theo nghien cuu, neu d l bdo ddm mgt SV su phgm dung Idp cd hieu qud, phdi ddnh it nhd't ndm 6i thue tdp Hien nay, mdt so nudc dd thue hien md hinh OT ndm (1 ndm 6e SV thuc tdp) vd tgo nen su khde biet Idn v l kT ndng su phgm cuo SV - K i l u OTGV theo md hinh: trudng su phgm dgy eho SV li thuylt, cdn thuc hdnh Igi «ddy"ve cac trudng phd thdng (trong thdi gian k i l n tdp, TTSP) nhu hien dd dem Igi nhCrng k i t qud khdng ddng hn cdy vd gdy nhieu ton kem Hien nay, mdt so trudng OH (nhu DH An Giang) khdng gui SV xud'ng trudng phd thdng mdt cdch dgi trd vd chio d i u nhu trudc ddy, md t i l n hdnh khdo sdt Igi thuc luc cdc trudng phd thdng, h> dd gui SV theo dung d i l m mgnh vd nhu cdu thuc t l Ddng thdi, tdng cudng td chuc ede t i l t dgy mdu, mdi cdc GV phd thdng gidi, ciing t h i l t k l , xdy dung, thue hien nhCrng g i d len Idp phd thdng tgi gidng dudng dgi hgc Ddi mdi ndy dd dem loi hieu qud coo ddo too NVSP 7) Ddi mdi cdch danh gid hogt dgng ren luyen NVSP cho SV Mgt SV ed t h i rd't gidi v l k i l n thue khoa hge eo bdn, nhung khdng gidi v l NVSP, khdng ed kTndng ndi, v i i t , phong cdch su phgm, cdch thirc td chuc gid len Idp, khd ndng x u li linh hogt vd hieu qud ede finh hud'ng su phgm thi khdng t h i ddnh gid dd Id mdt SV gidi (theo heu chi cua trudng su phgm) Hien nay, bj chi phdi bdi quan niem: NVSP ehi Id mdt mdn phy, cd tinh chd't bd trg K i t qud ren luyen NVSP eung chi ed tinh ehdt d i l u kien, khdng quyet dinh nhieu tdi chdt lugng vd heu chi ddnh gid trinh tdt nghiep ciio SV Vi t h i , hogt dgng ren luyen NVSP cd n h i l u hgn c h i (Xem tiip trang 23) minh hog cua GV; dilu ehinh ndi dung vd cdch dua y kiln nhdn xet mong tinh ddnh gid to cdc GV du gid Tuy nhign, cdu h-d Idi trudc hit vd quan trgng nhd't cho vd'n d l vdn ndm d su lua chgn vd quylt tdm cuo nhirng ngudi QL v l eon dudng d l cdi tien thuc tiln nhd trudng • -' Ddi mm ren luyen (Tlip theo trang 20) De ddnh gid khdeh quan, ehinh xdc, cdng bdng vd thuc hien cd hieu qud mye Heu DT, trudng DHSP cdn ddnh gid trinh NVSP ciio SV quo mdt Hdi ddng, vdi su thom gia cuo GV, cdc nhd su phgm cd chuyen mdn sdu v l NVSP (cd t h i mdi nhirng GV phd thdng dgy gidi ciing thom gio) Hdi ddng cd trdch nhiem ddnh gid NVSP cuo SV quo mgt gid len Idp hodn chinh, diem NVSP ndy Id mdt nhirng dilm ddnh gid td't nghiep bdt budc cuo gido sinh (dd'i vdi cd gido sinh ldm ludn vdn td't nghiep) Ody Id cdch ddnh gid cdng bdng, khoa hgc vd quan trgng hon se dinh hudng cho SV su phgm y thiic, trdch nhiem coo dd'i vdi vide ndng eao toy nghi *** DHSP Id trudng OT nghi dgc biet - nghi DH Ndng luc su phgm cuo mdi SV cd dugc se kit qud cuo qud trinh ren luyen NVSP Vi vdy, phdi ddi mdi vd coi viec OT NVSP Id net ddc thii Id hogt ddng co bdn d l ren luyen toy nghi cho SV NhCrng bien phdp tren ddy hi vgng se gdp phdn tgo nen nhctng thay ddi co bdn h-ong chd't lugng OTGV hien • Tdi li£u tham kh&o BO GD-DT Quy dinh Chudn nghi nghiip gido viin trung hpc ca s&, gido viin trung hpc phS thdng (ban hJinh theo ThOng tu s6 30/2009/TT-BGD-DT ngky 22/ 10/2009 cua BO trudng BO GD-DT Darling-Hammond, L Constructing llst-eentury teacher education Journal of Teacher Education, Vol 57, No 3, May/June 2006 Duncan, A Teacher Preparation: Reforming the Uncertain Profession Bii phSt bilu cua BO trudng Ame Duncan d trucmg su pham, Dai hoc Columbia MI, ngiy 22/10/2009 Guslcey, T Professional development and teacher change Teachers and teaching: theory and practice Vol 8, No % Carfax Publishing Taylor and Francis Ltd 2002 Saito, E & Tsukui, A Challenging common sense: eases of school reform for learning community under an international cooperative project in Bacgiang Province, Vietnam International Journal of educational development, www.elsevier.com/locate/ ijedudev 2007 Tai li€u tham khao Saito, E.; Tsukui, A & Tanaka, Y Problems on primary1 Kl ylu hoi thao khoa hpc Dio t£io nghidp vu su pham tai cic trudng dai hpc supham "Vien Nghien school-based in-service training in Vietnam: A case study of Bacgiang Province International Journal of cuu giio due - TruOng Dai hpc su pham TP H6 Chi educational development www.elevier.com/locate/ Minh, thing 4/2006 Ki ylu hpi thio khoa hpc cOng ngh^ toin qude ijedudev 2007 Sato, M Phdt triin Nghiin ciiu bdi hpe nhu mdt Ndng cao chdt lupng ddo tao gido viin vd cdn bd cdng cu d6i mdi nhd trudng Bdi trinh bdy tai Viin qudn li gido due Thii nguyen, thing 10/2006 Nghiin ciiu supham, Truemg DHSP Hi NOi 19/3/ "Dai hpc An Giang Ddo tpo gido viin theo kiiu m&i" VietNamNet, 03/4/2006 2011 www.ioer.edu.vn " "Ddt phd" ndng cao chdt lupng ddo tao gido Vo, S Phdt triin ndng li/ic nghi nghiip eiia gido viin tie ddu?" VietNamNet 30/12/2006 viin thdng qua "Nghiin ciiu bdi hpc" Bao cio dt din HOi thao qude \£ x6 chiic tai Trudng DHSP Hi NOi, 17SUI^IVIARY 19/12/2009 In order to enhance the teacher training quality va, S; NguySn, D "Nghien cuu bii hpc - MOt each It is needed to innovate practice of pedagogic ti^p cin phat triln ning lyc nghi nghidp cua giao skills through the following directions: Renewing vien" Tap chi Khoa hpc Gido due, sO' 52/2010 training process and contents; stressing on demonstrative teaching, teaching modeling for SUr^iVIARY students to learn; promoting the use of video In Specialized activity In school contributes to training pedagogic skills; Investing In material Improving professional capacity of teachers and Infrastructure and facilities specially made teaching qualify However, this activity Is not for training; changing methods of assessing training Interesting yet Specialized activity designed for ofpedagogcskHpractldngaclMtiesandconsiderlng building cooperation study culture through 'lesson pedagogic skills training as the typk:al cfxaracteristk: research' Is the way to overcome that weakness of pedagogic schools Tap ehi Giao due so (ki i - 9/aoii) _