THUE TRANG VA MDI SO GIJU PHAP NANG CAO CHAT lUONG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN TRUNG NOC PHO TflONG THEO H | THONGTiN COl a CAC TRU0NG DAI HOC Sl> PHAM ThiS, PHAN HUNG THU* 1 lUlot vai khai niem ve tin chi Cd k[.]
THUE TRANG VA MDI SO GIJU PHAP NANG CAO CHAT lUONG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN TRUNG NOC PHO TflONG THEO H| THONGTiN COl a CAC TRU0NG DAI HOC Sl> PHAM ThiS, PHAN HUNG THU* lUlot vai khai niem ve tin chi Cd kha nhieu djnh nghia ve tin chi,riengViet Nam dupfc biet den nhieu nha't la djnh nghia eua hpc gia James Quann, Dai hpe Washington Tin ehi hpe tap la mdt dai lupfng toan both di gian bitbude eua mpt ngudi hpc binh thudng de hpc mpt mdn hpc cu the, bao gom: 1) Thdi gian len Idp; 2) Thdi gian d phdng thi nghiem, thi/c tap hoic eac phan viec khac da dupfc quy djnh d thdi khda bieu; 3) Thdi gian danh cho dpe sach, nghien eifu, giai quyet van de, viet hoic chuan bj bai dd'i vdi cae mdn hpc Ii thuyet mdt tin eh i la mdt gid len Idp (vdi hai gid chua'n bj bai) mdt tuan va keo dai mpt hpc ki 15 tuan; dd'i vdi cac mdn hpc dstudio hay phdng thi nghiem, it nha't la gid mdt tuan (vdi gid chuan bj); dd'i vdi eac mdntt/hpc,itnhatla3gidlam viec mdt tuan (1) Djnh nghia ciia James kha day du nhung ehua lam nd'i bat diem die biet phuong thifc dao tao (DT) theo tin ciii la viec tuhpc, tt/nghien eifu eiJa sinh vien (SV) dviqc coi trpng va duoe tinh vao npi dung, thdi lupng cija ehuang trinh Thuc trang cua viec DT theo he thd'ng tin chi (HTTC) hien Khdng the phij nhan nhifng uu diem cua hinh thiic DT theo HTTC: ehuotig trinh mang tinh mem deo, SV cd the chu dpng sip xep lich trinh hpc tap, yeu cau va kha nang tt/ hpc, tu nghien eifu cua SV tang len Tuy nhien, viec tht/e hien DT theo tin chi cung boc Id mdt so bait cap, can phai cd cae giai phap degiup ^iang vien va SV cd su thieh ilmg td't hon, tao costJde SV trudng cd the thao nghe, ehuyen tam vdi nghe Trong mdt cudc thi kiem tra chat lupng giao vien (GV) (J nhieu tjja phuang ca nude Cijc Nha giao va Can bd quan Ii co sd giao due (Bd GDOT) td'chifc, ket qua thu dupfc khdng may kha quan Quqc biet, sau cupe kiem tra nay, kha nhieu GV (:d diem dudi tmng binh Nhan dinh veva'n denay, nhieu ehuyen gia nganh giao due cho ring, hien mdt bp phan G V day THPT kien thifc cdn ye'u va nang ve (kil-1/2014) Ii thuyet, die biet thieu ve kTning giang day thue hanh va giao due hpc sinh gid ngoai khda; mac dii phan ddng da cd chifng chi su pham bae I va bae II nhung chua du dap ifng cac yeu cau eua chuong trinh giao due hien hanh Theo chuong trinh khung cua Bp GD-DT, td'ng thdi gian danh cho kien thife su pham dd'i vdi DTG V su pham ehi chiem tif 16%-18%; dd, kien thifc dai cuong lai chiem tdi 38% Nhieu SV su pham trudng kien thife tot, ehuyen mdn tot nhung phuang phap supham thi laiye'u, thieu ti/tin difng tren bijc giang Oieu cho thaiy chuang trinh DTG V cua cac trudng supham cdn kha nhieu dieu bat hop Ii Theo ket qua nghien eifu gan day nha't eua TS Dd Van Xe, Tmdng OH Can Tho, viec ti/hpe dd'i vdi SV OT tin ehi cd vai trd het sife quan trpng vi qua dd gdp phan cho SV ren luyen kha ning tuduy va sang tao eua ea nhan Hau het SV deu nhan thifc ring van de tu hpe la quan trpng DT theo tin ehi vi hau het cac mdn hpe deu giam khoang tren dudi 50%, tham ehi ed mdn giam tren 70% thdi lupng (83%); nhien viee tt/ hpc dong nghTa vdi hinh thife hpe ea nhan khdng phu thupc vao ngudi khac va khdng can su cpng tac ciia ban be (62,1 %) SV cho ring day la yeu cau tdi thieu ciia mdt SV, ngoai phai giao luu hpc hdi d cac ban be, cae Idp dan anh denang eao trinh dp va nim bai td't hon Viec tu hpc la rat quan trong, nhien, de nham bd' sung them kien thifc, SV can tao nhifng nhdm hpe de cac ban d l dang trao dd'i kien thife va giiip dd hpe tap Cd Idp cho ring viec ti/ hpe ed nghTa la hpc theo nhdm (61,3%) Vdi ehuang trinh OT theo tin chi, thdi lupfng len Idp giam manh, giiip cho SV cdn nhieu thdi gian tu hpc, tt/ nghien eifu (1) Nhu vay, se cd mot phan kha Idn kien thue SV phai ti/tim hieu de nim vi/ng ma khdng ed st/ hd trp tn/c tiep cua G V tren Idp Viee ddi hdi kha ning tuquan Ii 'TnroingDailipcVinli Tap chi Gido due so 325 17 thdi gian bieu cung nhu qua trinh hpc tap cho SV ddng hpc tap, kham pha, nhung vin khdng the phu Day la thi; thach dd'i vdi SV vi each hpc thu ddng, nhan dupe vai trdcua giang vien Do dd, eac tmdngOH nhoi nhet kien thifc da an siu vao thdi quen ciia mdt eung phai len kehoach boidudng dpi ngu giang vien de bp phan khdng nhd hp Theo so lieu khao sat hp thieh ifng hpn vcA phuong thiic DT mdi Cd the tha'y, giang vien ddng vai trd quan trpng SV mdt so trudng OH, cd den 75% y kien cho ring SV khdng cd thdi quen tuhpc, ehui'n bj bai trudc hang dau viec djnh hudng va kich thieh y thiic tu den Idp; 15% SV khdng dpe tai lieu tham khao; 85% hpc cho SV Rieng dd'i vdi hoatddng tt/ hpc, giang cdn lai cho biet hp ed dpe nhung ehi mdt so cud'n vien can kjpthdi tuvan, hudng din cho SV, CIJ the la: sach ehuyen nganh phuc VIJ cho bao eao hay bai - Giiip SV nim dupe de cuong mdn hpc, qua dd SV kiem tra cua hp Vay nen hoat dpng tt/ hpe eua SV ehu ddng len ke hoach ti/hpe, tu nghien eifu dethi/c hien dupe cae miic tieu eua mdn hpe; - Xac djnh rdnpi vin cdn mang tinh hinh tht/c, dd'i phd nhieu (2) dung tt/ hpc va phuang tien dethue hien ndi dung dd Mot so giai phap nang cao chat luang DT nhu gidi thieu cac tai lieu bit budc, tai lieu tham khao, theo HTTC Thue trang phuong phap hpc tip cua SV nhu tren each thu thap, tra ciiu va xii Ii thdng tin tai lieu vtii cd the dap ifng vdi yeu eau cila phuang thde OT theo nhifng hudng din ehi tiet, cu the; - Kiem tra - danh gia hoat ddng tu hpe eua SV Neu giang vien chi dao tin ehi khdng? Dd la ciu hdi dat dd'i vdi cac nha nhiem vu tuhpc ma khdng td'chiic kiem tra, danh gia quan Ii giao due Trudc mit, chiing tdi de xua't mot so thi lioat ddng tipe tap chi mang tinh hinh thiic, doi giai phap nhim nang cao chat lupng DTG V THPT d phd ma khdng dem lai ket qua nhu mong muon; eactrudngOHSP 1) Thtrc hien chuan nghe nghiep da duac de - Khuyen khieh SV suy nghi, sang tao va manh dan ra.Detien hanh dd'i mdi hethd'ng OT cac tmdng dua nhifng y kien, nhan xet, thie mic ciia minh dai hpe cd OT su pham, Bd GD-DT da ban hanh Thiic di'y hoatddng tuhpc cila SV 4) Tang cudng ca sd vat chat dam bao cho Chua'n nghe nghiep GV THPT Mat khac, Bd eung trie'n khai thuc hien Duan Phat trie'n GV THPT tai eac viec day hgc.De66\ mdi phuong phap day hpc, viec trudng DHSP tren toan qud'e Ket qua ben vifng ma ting cudng dau tuca sdvat chat la dieu thietyeu Cac du an da dat dupe la xay dung, ban hanh hang loat nhatrudng can cd kehoach de khdng ngifng cai thien he thd'ng nguon hpe lieu day dii ve so lupng, phong cae ehuan ve quan Ii dpi ngu GV nhu: ehuan nghe phii ve ndi dung va ehuan mi/c ve chat lupng; cung nghiep GV THPT, chua'n hieu trudng trudng THPT, CO, nang cap, md rdng he thd'ng phdng hpc, phdng chua'n chuong trinh DTG V nganh su pham thi nghiem - thue hanh - thue tap, thu vien; dung mo 2} Ra soat, dieu chinh chuang trinh khung hinh day hpe thif nghiem; tang cudng klia ning khai Nhu da de cap d tren, phuang thife DT theo HTTC thac cac tien ieh ciia mang ndi bd, md rdng nguon tu ludn dat ngudi hpe vao vj tri trung tam eua qua trinh lieu dien tu, thiet bj day hpc; ling dung cac ti/u day va hpc, tao cho hp thdi quen tt/ hpc, tu kham pha cdng nghe thdng tin hien dai kien thife, cd kT nang giai quyet van de, tu chii dpng *** thdi gian hoan mpt mdn hpc, mdt chuong trinh Cd the ndi, OT theo HTTC ed kha nhieu uu diem hpc Theo dd, khung chuong trinh OT ed xu hudng Neu dupfc thuc hien tot se gdp phan nang eao chait mem deo, tang eudng cac mdn tt/ chpn, ting cudng cae phan tu hpe, tu nghien eifu Mat khac, chuong lupfng DTG V, tiidd gdp phan ddi mdi co ban va toan trinh cung can ting thdi gian deSV dupfc tiep can vdi dien nen giao due cua nudc ta Tuy nhien, viec thay trudng phd'thdng sdm hon, nhieu hon chiJIchdng de dd'i each thife OT khdng the la ehuyen "mdt sdm mpt dai den nim cudi mdi di thuc tap Hon ni/a, nhieu ehieu".CaetmdngDHSP hien dang tich cueviia nam nay, SV su pham chi thue tap vai thing, trien khai, viia rutkinh nghiem, tim each phat huy phan Idn la du giang va chi dupfc cae trudng THPT nhifng uu diem, khac phuc nhifng han che cua phuong cho phep diing Idp 6-8 gid khien SV chua kjp lam thiicOTtheo tin chi Si/chi dao quyet liet ciia BpGDquen vdi mdi tmdng phd' thdng va ren luyen ki ning OT,suquyet tam cua cac tmdng, nhifng ketquabuijfc giang day.Tait nhien, tren thi/c te, viee ting cudng thdi dau cua phuong thiic OT tin chi cho phep chiing ta gian thi/c tap la dieu khdng d l thuc fiien vdi cae tmdng tin tudng vao uu the cua phuong thiic DT • THPT hien (1) BO GD-DT Kiyiu Hpi nghi todn qud'c cdc tru&ng 3) Bdi dudng thudng xuyen cho doi ngu giang iK/)/iam, Ha NOi, thang 8/2011 we/7 Trong OT theo HTTC, ngudi hpe tu tim tdi, tu chii (Xem tiep trang 38) 18 Tap chi Gido due so 325 (kil 1/2014) cua SV, eic bd phan hd trp NVSP cung khdng linh hoat de to' chifc hoat ddng 4) Ythuc ciia SVSP veNVSP ye'u, hp ehua ythde het dupe tam quan trpng eua KN nghe nghiep Yeu cau cua DH hien dai, cua x i hdi ddi hdi G V phai la ngudi biet 'Id' chdc boat dpng hpe tip" eho HS ehd khdng phai chili ngudi "thpgiai toin" Dodd tinh yeu nghe, nhifng KN die thu eua nghe nghiep trd dieu kien "can", quan trpng thinh cdng eua ngudi hpe.Trong khidd, phan Idn SVSP lai ehua edddng lue nghe nghiep, chua dupe quan tim giio due tinh yeu nghe, cdn hay bj nhi/ng y nghi tieu ci/e ehi phd'i, thieu y ehi ren luyen Tren CO sd phin tieh eic han che, nhifng yeu cau cua ren luyen KN NVSP eho SV khoa Toan Tin, ngudi viet nghi ring, de khie phijc v i thuc su dua viec ren luyen NVSP eho SV ed ketqua, can: -Ting eudng giio due y thife eho cic cap quan li, giang vien su pham: dao tao GV day toin l i chinh chii khdng phai dio tao ngudi nghien ciiu toin, coi ren luyen NVSP la mdt nhiem vu chinh tri quan trpng eua giang vien; - Cd nhifng mdn hpe hoac thdi lupng nhiit djnh de dinh eho ren luyen NVSP, ludng danh gii cu the, coi diy l i mpt tieu ehi dinh gii dau quan trpng eua SVSP; - Giao due Idng yeu nghe, niem tin va ddng ca hpc tip eho SV Khi khdng cd ddng co tdt, ngudi ta khdng the hpc tip td't va lam viee td't;-Nghien edu quatrinh, phuong phip tuye'n sinh de tuye'n duoc nhifng SV yeu nghe, cd nhifng dieu kien can phat trie'n nghe nghiep (ngoai hinh, gipng ndi, kha ning xd li tinh hud'ng) Ren luyen KN NVSP khdng ehi giup cho SVSP Toin dap ifng dupe nhifng yeu eau theo die trung cua mdn hpe, ma cdn ed tic dijng giao due hp Idng say me lao ddng nghe nghiep, Idng yeu nghe va tinh than trich nhiem cao cdng tic giang day sau Viee ren luyen niy khdng chi gidi ban d mdt sd gid len Idp, sinh boat nhdm, tiet tap giang, hoic chua'n bj cho dpft kien tap SP, m i SV phai cd y thue tt/ ren luyen, tien hinh thudng xuyen tren Idp, d ntia va cudc sd'ng (nhat la qua cic dpt thi/ete ehuyen mdn v i thue tip SP dudi tmdng phd'thdng) SV phai tu ren luyen la ehinh, nhung can ed su djnh hudng eua giang vien theo die trung bd mdn, nhim ning cao ning luc nhin thdc v i nang li/c tht/c hanh SP cho cac thay, cd giio tuong lai • Tai liSu tham khao I B6 GD-DT Chuan nghe nghiSp giao vien trung hpc ca sd, giao vien trung hpc phd thSng (Ban hanh 38 Tap ehi Gido due so 325 kem theo ThOng tu sO' 30 /2009 /TT-BGDDT ngiy 22/10/2009 cua B6 truong BO GD-DT) Tru6ng DHSP Ha Noi Su mang va tim nhin cua Truong DHSP Ha NOi (website: hnue.edu; 28/2/2013) Trin Ba Hoanh Va'n d^ giao vien, nhiing nghidn cmi li luan va thin; tiSn NXB D(ii hpc su pham Hd Ndi, 2006 SUMMARY According to a research about effects of pedagogic skill to teacher's career, standard ofhigh school teachers by Ministry of Education and Training, the basic theories, the author offers essential pedagogic skills which need to be practiced by students in Mathematics faculty and solution for practicing these skills The article also analyzes how constraints ofmechanism, human resources, programs emdinfrastructure affect the quality ofpracticing pedagogic skills and offers some recommended solutions Thirc trang va mot so giai piiap (Tiep theo trang 18) (2) Tru6ng DHSP Ha NOi (2012), Ca s^ li lu^n cua viec ddi m&i ddo tao gido viin Ha NOi Tai Ii€u tham khao Va QuO'c Chung - NguySn Van Khai - Gary J Trexler Tai liSu hudng d i n tSng eudng nSng luc su phiim cho giang viSn eac t r u i n g dao tao giiio viSn trung hoc phd thdng va trung cap ehuySn nghiSp NXB Gido due Viit Nam, H 2011 Le Khanh Bing Td chiic phuong phap tuhpc cho sinh vien dai hpe NXB Gido due, H 1988 NguySn Van De - Vu Van Diic "Ban vS mO hinh rfen luyen nghiep vij su pham d cic truOfng dao t?o giio vien" Tap chi Khoa hpc gido due, sd 79 (4/ 2012) NguySn Mai Huomg "Hoat dOng tir hpc ciia SV phuong thirc dao theo tin chi" Tpp chi Gido due, s6 21912009 SUIWMARY Currently, training under the credit system Is becoming an essential tendency that universities in general, pedagogical universities In particular have been implemented This teaching-learning model helps students be more proactive in implementing academic schedule, trained skills and creative thinking However, credit-based training also gives many difficulties and challenges for both teachers and learners, of which training lecturers to adapt to the new methods is a major challenge for education and training of our country, it requires managers to research the appropriate solutions This paper focuses analyze the current status and propose some solutions to Improve the quality of training high school teachers under credit system at pedagogical universities (kil-1/2014) ... giang vien theo die trung bd mdn, nhim ning cao ning luc nhin thdc v i nang li/c tht/c hanh SP cho cac thay, cd giio tuong lai • Tai liSu tham khao I B6 GD-DT Chuan nghe nghiSp giao vien trung hpc... dap ifng dupe nhifng yeu eau theo die trung cua mdn hpe, ma cdn ed tic dijng giao due hp Idng say me lao ddng nghe nghiep, Idng yeu nghe va tinh than trich nhiem cao cdng tic giang day sau Viee... de, tu chii dpng *** thdi gian hoan mpt mdn hpc, mdt chuong trinh Cd the ndi, OT theo HTTC ed kha nhieu uu diem hpc Theo dd, khung chuong trinh OT ed xu hudng Neu dupfc thuc hien tot se gdp phan