Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Nguyen Thi Trtic Minh va Dtg Tgp chf KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 133(03)/1 133 138 V ^ DVNG PHU''''OfNG PHAP D^^Y HOC VI MO TRONG QUA TRINH REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU NHAM HINH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN NANG LU''''C SU'''' PHAM C[.]
Nguyen Thi Trtic Minh va Dtg Tgp chf KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 133(03)/1:133- 138 V ^ DVNG PHU'OfNG PHAP D^^Y H O C VI M O TRONG QUA T R I N H REN LUYEN N G H I E P VU NHAM HINH T H A N H VA PHAT TRIEN NANG LU'C SU' PHAM C H O SINH VIEN NGANH GIAO D y C TIEU H Q C Nguyin Thi Triic Minh", Trin Thuy Hoang Vln Tnr&ng Dat hpc Dong Thdp TOM TAT Day hpc vi mo dupc xem la mpt phuang phap day hpc liy hogt dpng ciia nguaf hpc limfrungtam Phuong phap dgy hpc vf mo rat thich hppfrongviec dao tgo ban diu cho sinh vi6n su pham nim chic timg ky ning rifing biet, hinh thinh cic ning luc bp phan ciia nghe day hoc Trong nghi€n cim niy, chung tfli vin dung phuang phip dgy hpc vi mo qua trinh ren luyen nghiep vy de huih thinh vi phit trien ning lyc su pham cho sinh vi6n nganh Giio due Tilu hoc nhim dio tao mpt d^i ngu giio vien Tieu hpc cd ning lyc dip img dupc ySu ciu dli mdi giao dye hi§n nay, Tir khda Dcy hge vi md, ren luyin nghiep vu, ndng luc suphgm DAT VAN DE Tieu hge la bac bgc nen tang he thdng giao due qude dan Chat lugng giao dye Tieu hpc phy thupc nhieu vao chat lugng ddi ngii giao vien, vi giao vien chinh la ngudi true tilp dieu khien va td chirc cac qua trinh hge tap Nang lyc su phgm (NLSP) cua giao vien la mgt nhung ylu to quan frpng quylt dinh din chit lugng, hieu qua cua gid hpc cung nhu dem lai su cdng frong qua trinh dgy hpc ciia chfnh giao vien Do do, viec dao tao mgt ddi ngu giao vien Tieu hpc cd nang lire la mpt nhiem vu rat quan trgng ddi vdi cac frudng su phgm Dl thuc hien nhiem vy tdt han, chung tdi da van dung phuong phap day bgc vi md (PPDHVM) qua frinh ren luyen nghidp vu de hinh va phat trien ning luc su pham cho sinh vien (SV) nganh Giao due Tieu bgc NOl DUNG NGHIEN CUtJ Phuo'ng phap day hQC vi md Vap diu nhung nam 1960, PPDHVM dugc Dwight W Allen, Ryan va cac ddng nghiep tgi Dgi hge Stanford (Hoa Ky) khdi xudng nham dao tao mot so giao vien frong djp he, chuan bj cho hp dam nhiem mgt each hieu qua ban d mpt tdp hgc that su vao djp khai giang nim hpc sau Allen va Ryan cho rang ' Tel: 0907 653929 each tiep can tdng quat (tir mdt tiet bpc, mdt tdp hgc hay mgt ddi tuong phiic tgp,,,) cd thi thay the bang viec tiep cgn dgy hgc nhifng ngi dung giang ngin ( - phut) cbo mdt nhdm ddi tugng ( - hpc vien) se kich thich nang khieu (tai kheo teo su phgm cua giao vien), viec tap giang ciia SV se dugc ghi hinh Igi va sau dd dugc dem pban tfeh nham tim cac nang khieu ma ngudi thay can lam chu mdi tiet dgy [6] Theo cac nha khoa hpc d Dai hpc Stanford [6] tbi: "PPDHVM la phuang phap dgy hgc ma tinh phirc tgp cua viec giang dgy tgi nhifng phdng hpc binh thudng dugc dan gian hda hay nd dupc vf nhu mgt he thdng nhflng boat ddng thyc hanh theo nhflng kT ning giang dgy cd tinh xac dmh dugc giam sat, danh gia cd su quan If" Theo "Tap huan dgy va hgc tich cue va sii" dung thiet bi day hpc" - Dy an Viet - Bi (2006) [5]: Dgy hgc vi md thuc chit la day hpc, frong dd su phiic tgp ciia tdp hpc binh thudng da dugc lam dan gian hda di de tap trung huan Iuy8n giao sinh hoan nhflng bai tap dgc biet vl kT nang, d^ng thdi cho phep tang cudng giam sat thyc hanh va su ddng gdp nhiing y kien phan hdi dugc kip thdi PPDHVM dugc tiln hanh theo mdt qui trinh gdm budc [7] nhu sau: 133 Nguyin Thj True Minh va Dtg Tap chf KHOA HOC & CONG NGHg Sogn gido dn (Plan): SV lua chpn ndi dung va cac ky nang can ren tuyen, sau dd soan mpt ke hoach dgy hpc theo mpt frinh tu hgp ti ma cd the the hien dugc tdi da cac phan cua mdt nang tuc nao dd Gidng dgy (Teach): SV tien hanh day mdt bai hpc nhd theo ke hoach da chuan bi trudc Gid hpc dien cd su tham du ciia giang vien (GV) hudng dan va cac SV khac, cac SV ddng vai frd vira la ngudi du va vua la ngudi hgc Qua trinh dugc ghi hinh lai Bdnh gid — Phdn hoi (Feedback): GV budng dan cho tat ca SV xem lai gid day fren bang ghi hinh (vdi sd ian can thiet), sau tien hanh phan tich, thao lugn, danh gia uu diem va ban che ciia SV Soan lgi gido dn (Replan): Dua fren nhung nhan xet, danh gia, rut kinh nghiem d budc 3, ngudi day tiln hanh sogn lai giao an Gidng day lai (Reteach): SVday tai bai hgc cii vdi giao an mdi Lan dgy ciing duoc ghi hinh Bdnh gid lai (Refeedback): SV day dugc GV hudng dan va cac SV du gid danh gia lai nham nit kit tuan va each iing xu phii hgp, dgy hpc cd hieu qua ban Qui trinh dgy hgc-theo PPDHVM cd thi md tatheo sodd sau: Oaiiti sia lai Giausilav (Teachl ' (Refeedii^ck) ( Daiiligia-Phaii lioi {Feedback) ^ Dm b l (ReteadO Soan lai aiao ail iReplaii) Sff d6 Qui irinh dgy hpc theo PPDHVM Vai tro cua PPDHVM viec hinb va phat triln NLSP cho SV Tigu h^c Qua phan tich qui trinh ciia PPDHVM kit hgp vdi phan tich muc tieu cua nhiem vy ren !33(03)/!:!33-I38 luyen nghiep vu cho SV nganh Giao dye Tieu hgc, chung tdi nhan thiy van dung PPDHVM frong qua frinh ren iuyen nghiep vu cho SV Tieu hpc la thicb hgp va cd tinh thuc tien cao Dieu khdng chi gop phan ddi mdi phuong phap va hinh thirc td chuc day hgc ma cdn hinh va phat trien viing chic NLSP cho SV vi nhifng ly sau: - Viic ghi hinh va xem lgi qud trinh dgy hpc: khdng chi giup SV tu danh gia dugc mirc dp dgt dugc, thay dupc cac diem yeu cin ren lujen tich cue chii ddng frong viec dilu chinh NLSP cua ban than; ma cdn kich thich SV quan tam den each iing xOr va tac phong cua ban than, kip thdi dieu chinh hanh vi ciia minh cho phu hgp vdi timg hoat dgng dgy hoc, dieu hinh cho SV thdi quen iing xu va tac phong mau muc cua ngudi thiy - Ddnh gid - Phdn hdi: phat triln d SV kha nang phan tich tinh hudng, kha nang ty danh gia, tu sua chua, ddng thdi giup SV tich dugc nhieu kinh nghiem cho ban than, ty tin ban hgc tgp va cdng tac giang day sau - Gidng dgy lgi: giiip SV cd ca hdi ren tuyen va phat frien cac NLSP cin dugc ITnh hgi (it nhat hai tan) cho den dat dugc cac ning tuc dd - Viic sir dung cdc thiit bi hiin dgi: ngoai tac dung kfch thich SV hpc hdi dl bilt each su dung, viec cdn tam cho SV thay dugc hieu qua va su can thiet ciia viec iing dyng nhimg phuang tien dgy hgc hien dgi vao quafrinhday hoc Day la su trang bi ky nang nghe nghi?p rat can thiet cho SV thdi dgi - Ben canh nhimg ylu to tt^n, PPDHVM cdn phat trien d SV ky nang lam vi?c nhdm; thai dp ngbiem tuc frong nhgn xet, danh gia, ty phe phan, tu siia chua; tinh thin doan kit va giup dd frong hgc tap To chirc ren PPDHVM luyen nghigp vu theo Sau tit ca SV deu dugc ren luyen cac ky nang dan le (ky nang dpc, ky nang frinh bay Nguygn Thj True Minh vo Dig Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE bang, ky nang dgt cau hdi ), chiing tdi van dung PPDHVM vao qua frinh ren luyen ket hgp nhilu ky nang cho mgt ldp SV nganh Giao dye Tieu hgc d tnrdng Dai hpc Dong Thap theo giai dogn nhu sau: Giai dogn 1: Chudn hi - GV cung cip cho SV khai niem, y nghTa Cling nhu each thiic thuc hien ciia PPDHVM va cac ky nang day hgc cin dugc hinh qua trinh ren luy?n nghiep vu GV cho SV xem mpt dogn bSng ghi hinh mau va hudng dan each thiic quan sat cac ky ning can danh gia qua trinh ren tuyen - SV dugc chia cac nhdm nhd tit - 10 sinh vien de ren tuyen, frong mot SV se ddng vai giao vien cac SV cdn lai se ddng vai hpc sinh, vai trd ciia cac SV se luan phien thay ddi qua trinh SV tu ren tuyen 133(03)/!: 133-138 ghi am va gbi hinh, may tinh xach tay dimg de frinh chieu doan hinh anh vira ghi dugc - Philu danh gia gid day: chiing tdi thilt ke phieu danh gia theo ITnh vuc bao gdm kJ nang, phucmg phap va ndi dung day hpc, GV can hudng dan cy the cac tieu chi can danh gia tuang ling vdi mdi ITnh vuc, de danh gia ITnh vux: nao, SV chi tap trung vao cac tieu chi da ggi y san Mau phieu danh gia nhu ben dudi Giai dogn 2: To chuc ren luyin kit hpp nhiiu ky nang theo PPBHVM Sau hoan thinh giai doan chuan bj chiing tdi td chiic cho SV ren tuyen kit hgp nhilu ky nang theo PPDHVM Sau day chiing tdi se minh hpa trudng hgp mpt SV tap dgy bai "Hinh hop chu nhat Hinh lap phuong" (trang 107, Toan 5) Myc tieu ciia bai "Hinh hop chii nhat Hinh lap phuang" la giiip hgc sinh: - GV td chiic pban cdng SV chuan bi dgy cac bai hpc cy the mpt each ngau nhien - Hinh tbanh dugc bilu tugng vl hinh hop chu nhgt va hinh tap phuang - Mpt phdng hgc thuan tgi cho viec ren tuyen nghi?p vy phai dupc trang bi cac thiet bi nhu' may quay phim, may chieu, man hinh, bang den, phan Trong trudng hgp thieu may quay phim, may chieu cbiing ta cd the sir dyng cac thiet hi thay the nhu: may anh ky thugt sd hay di$n thogi di dgng cd chiic nang - Nhgn biet dugc cac vat thuc tien CO dang hinh hop chu nhat va hinh lap phuong, phan biet dugc hinh hop chir nhat va hinh lap phuang - Chi dugc cac dac diem ciia cac yeu td ciia hinh hpp chfl nhat va hinh lap phuang, van dyng de giai cac bai tap cd lien quan PHIEU DANH GlA Old DAY Ngudi nhan xet: Ngudi dgy: Bai, muc day: C^c ITnh vu-c Ky ning Npi dung Phuang phip Tieu chf Phong cich, tu the, tic phong, ty tin Ngon ngii' sang, dien dat r6 ring, mgch Igc Cic loai cau hoi, ndi dung, tinh huong, giii quyet ChO'viit diing, dep,frinhbay bang hgp ly I, Truyen dat kifin thiic chinh xic, diy du, khoa hpc, he thong Lim n6i bat upng tam kien thirc can day Dim bio tinh giio due, tinh thuc tien Sii dung, kSt hpp cic phuang phip d$c thii bp mon T6 chiic Idp hpc sinh dpng, phli hap giiJa hogt dong thay va hogt dOng cua tro, phat huy tfeh cue cua hpc sinh, sit doi tupng 3." Sir dyng tdt vi hpp ly cac phuong ti^n day hpc 4, Xii ly tdt cac tinh hudng day Y kiln nhan xit Nguyin Thi Tnic Minh vd Dig Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Bai dgy cd the dupc chia ba hogt ddng phin nhu sau: - Hoat ddng 1: Gidi thieu hinh hop chu' nhgt - Hogt ddng 2: Gidi thieu hinh tap phuang - Hoat ddng 3: Thuc hanh nhan dien cac hinh va cac yeu td cua binh SV day chi chgn mdt frong hogt dpng tren de tap giang, cac hoat dgng cdn tgi SV cd the tu ren luyen theo nhdm cung bang each van dyng PPDHVM Qua frinh tap giang cua SV theo PPDHVM dien nhu sau: Budc I Sogn gido dn (Plan) SV van dung nhimg kien tbiic da hpc ty thiet ke cac boat dgng day hpc cua bai ^'Hinh hop chu nhgt Hinh lap phuang" theo muc tieu va ndi dung cua chuan chuong trinh Viec thiet ke cac hoat dpng day hgc dugc SV tu chuan bi trudc den tdp Birdc Gidng day (Teach) - SV dgy da chpn hogt dgng (gidi thieu hinh hop chu nhat) de dgy va tien hanh day khoang thdi gian tir 10 - 15 pbiit theo ke hoach da dugc chuan bi tu trudc - O tan day nay, ke hoach dgy hpc dugc SV dgy tu chuan bi theo nang tuc ciia ban than, chua cd anh hudng tir nbung gdp y cua GV hay cac SV khac - Cd sy tham du cua GV va cac SV khac - Qua trinh day hpc dugc ghi hinh tai - Trong hoat ddng dgy nay, SV day cin dat dugc cac tieu chi da neu phieu gia Trong do, d ITnh vuc PPDH tieu chi la rit quan frpng vi dd diing dgy hgc la mdt cdng cu quan trgng de gid day dgt hieu qua cao Budc Ddnh gid - Phdn hoi (Feedback) - GV va nhdm SV (bao gdm SV vira day) xem tgi bang ghi hinh, cd thi phat lai vdi sd tan can thiet de nhdm SV quan sat sau sic, phan tich ti mi - Nhdm SV td chirc trao ddi danb gia timg tieu chi theo ITnh \ uc philu danh gia 133(03)/!: 133-138 - GV theo doi qua frinh trao ddi va nhgn 3ret ciia nhdm SV sau gdp y, nit kinh nghiem va de xuat cai tien theo hudng van din^ nhung tri thiic da hpc cho ca nhdm SV Budc Sogn lgi gido dn (Replan) Tren ca sd danh gia cua GV va cac SV khSc, ket hgp vdi viec tu danh gia cua ban than vl viec dgy, SV day se tien hanh thiet ke tai cac hogt ddng day hgc ciia ndi dung dgy ban dau Budc Gidng dgy lgi (Reteach) ' SV dgy tien hanh dgy lgi ngi dung ban diu voi giao an mdi van cd sy tham dy ciia GV, nh«n SV va gid day tiep tuc dugc ^ i hinb tgi - CJ budc nay, sy the hien cac NLSP ciia SV dgy da cd sy chuan bj ky theo cac y kien dong gdp cua GV va cac ban SV khac chii khong phai chi trinh bay theo nang lyc san cd ciia ban than nhu tan day trudc Budc Ddnh gid lgi (Refeedback) - GV va nhdm SV tiln hanh danh gia tgi nhu budc (3 tan day thii hai SV dgy da khac phuc dugc hau het cac nhugc diem ciia lan day trudc, chi cdn mdt vat Idi nhd SV cd the tu khic phyc frong qua trinh tu ren luyen ciia ban than - Trong tan danh gia GV can chii y tap trung danh gia nhiing ky nang ca ban, trpng tam nham dua each thiic giang day phii hgp, hieu qua de nhdm SV cd the hgc tap va lam theo, giup nhdm SV dat dugc nhung NLSP cin thilt Cac budc 2, cd the dugc lap lgi nhieu tan, theo nhdm hogc timg ca nhan khdng cin su co mat ciia GV, cho din SV lam chii dupc cac ky nang, NLSP can ren luyen Vdi nhihig tin dgy tu thu 2, thii trd di cd the khdng can ghi hinh dl tiet kiem thdi gian PPDHVM rat thich hgp van dung frong viec ren tuyen ket hgp nhieu ky nang, phuong phap na> giup SV cd them thdi gian va di^ kien de tu udn nan, siia cbira va ren tuy?n cac ky nang su phgm, tung budc hinh cac NLSP mgt each vimg chic Ngoai ra, chung la Nguyen Thi Triic Minh vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CCNG NGHE ciing cd the ap dyng phuang phap frong viec ren luyen cac kj? nang dan le cho SV Tuy nhien, ap dung phucmg phap day hpc GV luu y nen cd gang nhgn va ciing cd cho SV each iing xir ca nban phii bgp vdi nang luc cin ren luyen, hinh phong each su phgm cho mdi ca nhan, chir khdng ap dgt, bupc SV phai hanh dpng theo mdt mlu rgp khudn, ciing nhic Nhirng han che day hoc ren luyen nghiep vu theo PPDHVM Vgn dyng PPDHVM vao qua frinh ren luyen nghiep vy cho SV cd rat nhieu uu diem, song nd cung cd mdt sd ban che nhat dinh nhu: - Neu chia cat qua trinh ren luyen nang lyc nghe nghiep tirng manh vun rdi rgc thi viec ren tuyen ning luc dgy hgc cho SV se frd nen thi8u tinb be thdng va tinh chu dinh - Phuang phap ddi hdi nhieu thdi gian r^n luy^n tren Idp, frong thdi gian thuc hanh cua SV cdn bgn chl - Do mdi Idp hgc binh thudng dugc chia nhieu nhdm nhd nen can sd tugng tdn phdng hpc, ddng thdi mdi phdng hgc cSn dugc frang bi phuang tien, thiet bi bd trg dgy hgc hi?n dgi frong trang thilt bj ciia nha frudng hien tgi chi du dap ung cho m$t so lugng nhd SV thuc hanh ren luyen nghiep vu bing PPDHVM Hon niia, viec chia nhd ciing se dan din thilu GV hudng din ren Iuy?n KET LUAN Trong qua trinh dao tgo SV su phgm hien ngoai kien thiic chuyen mdn cdn ddi bdi ren luy?n nhung ky nang, NLSP, PPDHVM ta !33(03)/l:133-!38 phuang phap dgy hpc tfeh cue, rit cd hi?u qua budc dau hinh va phat frien NLSP cho SV su pham ndi chung va SV nganh Giao due Tilu hgc ndi rieng Viec nhan xet danh gia ciia GV, cac ban SV khac va ciia chinh ban than SV day khdng chi gdp phan phat triln NLSP cho SV ma cdn cd the phat huy dugc nang tyc phan tich cac tinh hudng su pham va phat trien kha nang cua SV viec tu danh gia, tu phe phan, ty siia chua Do dd, chiing tdi nhan thay rang neu thuc te dieu kien va thdi gian dap iing thi vi§c sir dyng PPDHVM frong dgy hgc thuc hanh phuang phap giang day cho SV Tieu hgc la can thiet va phil hgp ddi vdi viec ddi mdi phuong phap day hgc, nang cao chat tugng dao tgo giao vien Tieu bpc TAI LiSU THAM KHAO Bemd Meier - Nguyin Vin Cudng (2014), Li ludn dgy hgc hien dgi, Nxb DHSPHN Le Dilc Ngpc (2005), Gido dvc dgi hpc phuong phdp dgy vd hgc, Nxb DHQGHN Dang Thi Oanh, Duong Huy Cin, Tdng cudng hoat dpng lu hgc, lir ren luyen ky ndng su phgm cho sinh viin Hoa hgc bdng phuang phdp dgy hpc vimo Tap chf khoa hpc DHSP (2006), ISSN 0868 -3719, Thieu Huy Thuit, Sir dung phuong phdp dgy hpc vi mo di ndng cao ndng luc suphgm cho GV, Tap chf Giio due s6 242 nim 2010 Du in Viet - Bi (2006), Tap huan day vi hpc tich cue vi sir dyng thiet bj dgy hpc Hi Npi Dwfght W Allen (!967), Microteaching- A Description, Stanford University https://vi.scribd.com/doc/33600876/MicroTeaching (A.S.Arut Lawrence Microteaching) 137 Nguyin Thj True Minh Vfl D/g Tap chf KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 133(03)/1: 133-138 SUMMARY APPLYING MICRO-TEACHING METHOD TO PROFESSIONAL TRAINING COURSE TO FORM AND DEVELOP PEDAGOGIC COMPETENCE FOR STUDENTS OF ELEMENTARY PEDAGOGY Nguyen Thi True Minb*, Tran Thuy Hoang Yen Dong Thap University Micro-teaching is considered as a students-centered teaching method The Micro-teaching method is appropriate in the inhialfrafningfor pedagogic students to understand separate skills, form the component competences ofthe teaching professfon In this study, we apply micro-teaching method to professional training course to form and develop pedagogic competence for students of elementary pedagogy so that they are able to become qualified teachers to meet the current requirements of educational reform Keywords: Micro-teaching, professional training, pedagogic competence Ngdy nhgn bdi 30/01/2015; Ngdy phdn bi4n:25/02/2015; Ngdy duyet ddng: 03/4/2015 Phdn biin khoa hoc: TS Trdn Vift Cudng - Trudng Dgi hgc Suphgm - DHTN Tel 0907 653929 138 ... su phgm cho sinh viin Hoa hgc bdng phuang phdp dgy hpc vimo Tap chf khoa hpc DHSP (2006), ISSN 0868 -3719, Thieu Huy Thuit, Sir dung phuong phdp dgy hpc vi mo di ndng cao ndng luc suphgm cho GV,... cac ning tuc dd - Viic sir dung cdc thiit bi hiin dgi: ngoai tac dung kfch thich SV hpc hdi dl bilt each su dung, viec cdn tam cho SV thay dugc hieu qua va su can thiet ciia viec iing dyng nhimg... phap giang day cho SV Tieu hgc la can thiet va phil hgp ddi vdi viec ddi mdi phuong phap day hgc, nang cao chat tugng dao tgo giao vien Tieu bpc TAI LiSU THAM KHAO Bemd Meier - Nguyin Vin Cudng (2014),