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Thực trạng dạy giải toán có lời văn của giáo viên tiểu học tại thành phố hải phòng và sinh viên ngành giáo dục tiểu học trường đại học hải phòng

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THUC TRANG DAY GIAI TOAN CO Ldi VAN CUA GIAO VIEN TIEU HOC TAI THANH PHO HAI PHONG VA SINH VIEN NGANH GIAO DUC TIEU HOC TRUING DAI HOC HAI PHONG Nguyen Van Hong'''' Tdm tat Todn cd ldi vdn Id mpt trong n[.]

THUC TRANG DAY GIAI TOAN CO Ldi VAN CUA GIAO VIEN TIEU HOC TAI THANH PHO HAI PHONG VA SINH VIEN NGANH GIAO DUC TIEU HOC TRUING DAI HOC HAI PHONG Nguyen Van Hong' Tdm tat Toan cd ldi van la dang todn rad ngi dung toin hpe dflde dien dat dfldi dang ede eau van todn kho d tiiu hgc, doi hoi ngUdi gidi todn Dly Id rapt bd phan quan trgng cfla mdn Toan phdi cd nhUng ki ndng cdn thiit nhu ki ndng d trUdng tieu hgc Dang todn ndy vdn trflu phdn tich di todn ki ndng xdc dinh cdc tfldng, nhieu hinb ve ddi hdi ngfldi hpc phai phUdng phdp gidi todn, lap ke hoqch gidi cd de phin tich: phan biet nhflng gi thude vl Trong bdi viit, tdc gid dd ehi thUc trqng day ban ehlt cia dl toan, hfldng sfl chu y vdo vd hgc dqng todn cd ldi van ciia gido vien, sinh phan cln thilt Todn cd ldi vdn Id mpt nhUng dqng vien ngdnh Gido due Tieu hgc trin dia bdn thdnh Hdi Phong, chl mpt so nguyin Trong chfldng trinh mdn Toin d tiiu hpc, todn CO ldi van Id mdt mach kiln thfle nhdn cd bdn, tU giup gido viin vd sinh vien todn ed bdn va dflde phin bd t i ldp din ldp gidi quyet tot hdn dqng todn ndy Todn ed ldi van gdm dang chinh sau: Tira sd Tii khod: Todn ed ldi van, dqy todn, gidi todn ki ndng Mcrdau Gidi toan la mdt hoat ddng tri tul khd khan, phflc tap De hinh thdnh ki nang gidi toin ddi hdi ngUdi hpe phdi ed kiln thfle sau, rong Cde bai toan la sfl ket hdp da dang nhilu khai nilm, nhilu quan he todn hpe, nam chac eae y nghia phep tinh doi hdi kha nang dde lap suy luan eia ngfldi hpe, ddi hdi biet cdeh tinh thdng thao, dae biet la bilt nhdn dang bdi toan va lUa chpn phep tinh thieh hpp trung binh edng; Tim hai sd bilt tdng vd hiiu cia hai sd dd; Tim hai sd bilt tdng vi ti sd cua hai s6; Tira hai sd biet hieu vd ti s6 cfla hai s6; Giai todn vl ti so phan tram; Giii todn ve dai lfldng ti 11 (thuan, nghich); Giai toan ed liln quan den chu vi, dien tich, the tich d c hinh; Giai toin vl chuyen ddng diu Mpt bdi toan ed ldi van cd die dilm Id cac mdi quan hi gifla cde d i kiln, ede ylu to bdi todn dflde bieu thi bang ldi va chflng cd npi dung sit thflc, gin gii vdi thflc tl euge sdng Hoat ddng gidi todn ed ldi van gdp phan quan trong viee thUc hien cac muc tiiu cia day bge toin T^hdng qua gidi todn vd day * ThS., Khoa Giao di;c tiiu hpc - M ^ non giai toan co Idi van giup giao vien biet each TAP CHl KHOA HOC V o l 04, No 17 - 7/2016 73 Thirctrang day va hpc giii toan co icii van da giao vien va sinh vien nganh giao due tieu hpc d Mai Phong van dung nhflng kiln thie toin hgc vd ren luyln ki nang thflc hanh vdi nhflng ylu clu dflpc the hien mdt each da dang, phong phi Nhd viee day hgc gidi toan md giio viln eung ed dieu kiln phit trien them vl nang Ifle tfl duy, ren luyen phfldng phap suy luan vd ren luyln pham ehlt dao dflc Mdt Idi giai dly dfl cho bdi todn cd Idl van phai ddm bao d e yeu d u sau: giao vien trflc tilp giang day d d e trfldng tiSu hgc trln dia ban phd Hdi Phong, thdi gian nhan phieu dieu tra: t i 19/3/2016 den 10/4/2016 Muc dieh Id tim hieu mflc d^ sai Ilm, nguyen nhan sai Iam cia gido viln tieu hgc d tat cd d c khdi ldp gidi toan co Ib'i van Qua dilu tra, ehflng tdi nhdn thay giao vien tieu hgc edn pham phai khdng it sai Ilm giai toan, dac biet la giao viln d khdi 1,2,3 • Xae lap dflde radi lien he gifla edi dd Cu thi nhfl sau: cho vd edi phdi tim dieu kiln cu the cia Bdng 1: Si lUdnggtdo viin gidi ddng cdc bii bdi todn todn theo miic dp (trong tong s6 40 bdi todn • Dat dupe cdc d u tra ldi ciing d c phep dd cho trongphiiu) tinh ding cho radi cau tra ldi • Khoi Tira dupe dap sd cua bai toin Khi nghien eflu ve nhflng 16i sai viee day - gidi todn eung nhfl biln phdp khac phue nhflng loi sai dd nham phat huy ndng lUc efla ngfldi hpc d Vilt Nam cung d l cd nhflng cdng trinh nghiin eiu eia Hoang Chflng [1], Nguyen Ba Kim [6], Trln Thflc Trinh [10], Trln Ngpe Lan [7], Pham Dinh Thflc [12], Ll Thdng Nhit [9] Trong bai viet nay, ngfldi viet mudn dfla radt thfle trang efla vile day - gidi toan cd ldi van d tiiu hpc trln dja bdn thdnh phd; Hai Phdng, tfl cd the de xuat mdt sd bien pjilp nham gdp phin ndng eao nang lfle giai toin cung nhfl day cho hgc sinh ki nang giai cac bdi toan cd ldi van Chung tdi gfli philu dieu tra din 250 TfidONG DAI HOC H A I P H O N G a limdunqd^^lOcau 70 «,67 Lam dungtLI10-20 cau so 33,33 Lam dilng tif 21 cau trd [en Tong % Kho'i4,5 % il 30 45 31 45 30 20 25 25 150 100 100 101 Qua bang sd lieu trln chung tdi nhan thay van cdn nhieu giao viln (ke cd gido viln co nhieu nam kinh nghiem) mIc sai Ilm giai todn ed ldi van Ddi tfldng mac sai lim nhieu nhit Id giao viln chuyen day khdi 1, 2, va mdt bg phan giio vien radi trfldng Mgt so dang todn giao viln bay mac sai Ilm: Toan ti II thuan, ti II nghich, toin liln quan den ti sd, bai toin ti sd phin tram, bai toan vl chuyen ddng diu, bdi toan ed Noi dung nghien cu'u 2.1 ThUc trgng gidi vd day gidi todn cd Idi van cua gido viin tieu hgc 2.1.1 Tinh hinh thuc te qua dieu tra vd quansdt Khoi 1,2,3 SoGV Bdng 2: Ndng lUe gidng dqy vd khd nang tuduy todn hgc cua gido vien tieu hgc (250 gido viin) Tot Kha Nang l i t c ^ ^ ^ (%) Gianq day 71,3 28,7 32 68 Tuduy toan Trung binh (%1 0 Nguyen Van Kong Cd 54,67% gido viln cho rang todn ed ldi van saeh toin nang cao, toan tudi thd tfldng ddi khd, 17,33% gido viln chpn mflc trung binh, 28% gido viln chpn mfle de Ddi tfldng thay khd hiiu nhat la gidd viln thfldng xuyln day khdi 1, 2, (chilm 83,3% trln tdng sd gido viln khdi 1,2, dfldc khao sat) Ve van dl tU thiet k l dl todn: Cd 25% tdng sd gido viln dfldc khao sat thfldng xuyen tfl thilt ke de toan, sd cdn Iai chi thinh thoang mdi tfl thiet ke de toan NhUng hlu hit giup hp: Biet each truyen dat cho hpc sinh mdt d e h de hieu, khdng sd, khdng ngai vdi d c bdi toan ed ldi van, ed kinh nghiim viec phit hiin Idi sai va khac phue loi sai cho hgc sinh Ngodi ra, mdt sd giao viln edn ehia se them: Day hpe toan cd Idi van da giflp hg phdt trien tfl vd dc sang tao 2.1.2 Mpt so nguyen nhdn dan tdi sai lam cda gido vien day - gidi todn co ldi van Theo nghiin eflu va tim hiiu cd the chi mdt sd nguyen nhan dan tdi sal Ilm cia giio gido viln diu chi ed the thiet ke nhflng bdi vien day - giai toan ed ldi van nhfl sau: todn ddn gidn, it dai lflpng, it sd Ueu, mdi liln ThU nhdt: Gilo viln cdn ylu cic kiln thie he gifla cic dai Iflpng khd ddn gian, de dang d n thilt vl logic Khi gidi toin cd ldi vdn, ddi van dung cdng thflc, tinh ehat san ed de ap bdi giao viln phii suy ludn Qud trinh suy dung gidi luan rat can din nhflng kiln thie vl logic, die VD: Bich dgc mdt quyen sdch ddy 150 biet la eae quy tae suy luan logic Giao viln da trang Ngay thfl nhat dpc dfldc 30 trang, ngdy trdi qua qua trinh hpe tap va ren luyen thfl hai dpe dfldc 50 trang Hdi so trang Bich thdi gian nhieu nam nen kha nang suy luan chfla dpc Id bao nhilu? thflc te cudc sdng khd tdt Tuy nhien, VD: Mpt xe mdy di t i Hai Phdng len Ha gidi todn cd ldi vdn hp van mac phdi Npi hit gid 30 phut, Tinh van tde d td da di nhflng sai Iam suy luan Doi giao viln Bilt quang dfldng Hai Phdng - Ha Ndi dai edn hi ddnh Ifla bdi ede dfl kiln da eho lOOkm bai toan dan den gidi sai Giao vien thfldng lay dl toan saeh ThU hai: Khdng nam vflng phUdng phdp tham khao {50% ehi sii dung bdi tap giai cae bdi toan cd ban nhU dinh nghia, cdc sach tham khdo), 50% edn lai thfldng kit hpp bude giai Cae phUdng phap ndy Id cdng cu hd cd toin sich tham khao, tren raang trd die Iflc eho giao vien de gidi todn cd ldi internet, thara khao ddng nghiep va tfl thiet van Da phin cic bai toan sach giao kl dl todn Cd 62,5% tdng sd giao vien khoa diu chi sfl dung phUdng phap sa dd dfldc khao sat thfldng xuyln ldng ghep cac doan thang, chia ti 11, rut vl ddn vi va ti sd hay bai todn hdp vdo cae tilt hpe giai toan cd Idl ddn gian la ehi bang suy luan thdng thUdng van, cdn lai 37,5% gido viln thinh thoang cung cd thi tim kit qua Vdi nhflng mdi long ghep Idp ed sd Ifldng hgc sinh gidi it, da sd hpe sinh Tat ed gido vien dflde khao sat diu cho rang day hpc todn ed Idi van thfldng xuyen ed hpe lflc trung binh hole kha thi de hpc sinh nam dflpc trgn ven kiln thflc sdch TAP CH( KHOA HOC Vol 04 No 17 - 7/2016 75 pao khoa da Id khd, mudn eae em ldm dfldc :dc bdi toan nang cao lai cang khd hdn Bdi /ay, giao viln chi ed thi cd gang truyen dat Iai ;ho d e em nhflng kiln thflc ca ban nhat, hinh thoang co ket hdp mdt sd bdi toan d [nfle dp cao hdn radt chut Nhflng phfldng phap Cd ban dflde thflc hien thfldng xuyln jiup giao vien s i dung thao Tuy nhien mudn gidi cdc bai toan nang cao, toan tudi thd, toan thi bilt s i dung nhflng phUdng phdp ndy Id chUa di, can phdi kit hdp vdi mdt ;6 phfldng phap khdc radi cd thi tim dUde ddp dn ehinh xdc Nhflng cic phfldng phip it dflpc s i dung, cic dang toan dd it dfldc dp dung vao giang day dan den tinh trang giao viin quin vd khdng khdi ling ting giai mdt sd dang toan nang cao Da phin gido viln :hi day din dau mdi tira hieu den day PhUdng phdp Iam bai gifl vi tri quan trpng gidi todn co ldi van vi phan ldn eae bai toan sdch gido khoa tieu hgc deu dflde say dflng tfl cac bdi toan cd bdn (todn dien hinh) Khdng nam vflng phfldng phap giai cde bai toin ca ban thi khd cd the giai quylt trpn ven eae bdi tap cd ndi dung nang eao m l :dc tinh hudng da ed sfl biln ddi Thflc te la ThU ba: ChUa cd day dfl d e ki nang chuyin mdt bai toin vl dang todn co ban, Trong chfldng trinh ning cao, cdc bdi toan dfldc xay dflng tfl cic bdi todn cd ban nhUng ed sfl thay ddi dieu kiln dl tang dd khd nhu tang ylu td, dai Iflpng (chang ban, tfl trung binh cpng cfla dai Iflpng nang Iln tmng binh cdng cia nhilu dai Iflpng); "In" di mpt hay mdt sd dfl kiln dl bai nhfl tim tdng bSng edch cho trung binh edng, tim hieu bang each cho dly sd le (hoae ehan) todn tong hiiu; hoae eho mgt dai Iflpng khdng doi nhflng ddi hdi phai suy ludn mdi tira la, Trong toan ehuyen ddng Id sfl thara gia cfla nhieu ddng tfl vd xuat phat, kit thuc chuyen dgng d nhflng thdi dilm khdc nhau, Cac ddng t i cung bien doi t i cu thi (chuyen ddng cia ngfldi, xe mdy, d td ) din trilu tfldng (nhfl chuyen ddng cfla d e banh xe day chuyin hay d c vdi nfldc cing chay vao mdt be) Do khdng nhan d e diu hieu ban chat nln giao viln khdng nhdn si( tfldng ddng cfla bdi toan bien ddi vdi bdi toan cd bdn, tfl dd khdng ed kha nang ehuyin bdi todn ve dang ed ban, ddn gidn hdn va kit qud Id bl tac ldi gidi Mgt sd trfldng hpp khdc ed bieu hlln rdi trUde cac gia thilt khdng it giao vien da khdng nam vflng phfldng phdp giai d e bdi toan ning eao (mac ThU tU: Hoan d n h nhd trfldng Da s6 cdc du nam ving quy tae, cdng thflc toan hpc) trUdng tieu hgc tren dia ban thdnh Biiu hien Id khdng nhd hole lan ldn cic dang Hai Phdng deu cd each phan cdng giao viln todn; nham lan vile Ifla ehpn phfldng giang day cac khdi ldp nhu sau: phdp giai, kha nang suy luan chfla cao Do - Phan cdng gido viln chuyin giang d?y didng nam vflng phfldng phip giai cac bai mdt khdi, tflc Id liln tue nhilu nam liln dfldc :oan ning cao nen giao viln thudng mac sai phan cdng day nhat mgt khoi Cd giao men Im tfl nhflng bfldc gidi dau tiln chuyen day khdi 1, gido viln chuyin day kh6i 2, hole chi day khoi hole khdi 3, giao viln I TRUONG OAI HOC H A I P H O N G Nguyen Van Hong chuyen day khdi 4, hoae cbi day khdi hole ldp 1, 2, mac sai lam giai todn cd ldi van khdi Cach sap xep din din mdt thuc d mfle dp khd trang la rit nhilu giao vien day ldp 1, 2, khdng giai dUpc toan ldi van Idp 4,5 Thii ndm: Y thie cia giao viln: Nhilu gido viln ehUa thdt sfl ylu nghi, ylu tre, ludn - Giao viln tieu hpc ngodi gilng day tren cho rang hpc sinh tieu hpe chi cln hpe gidi eae ldp cdn phai tham giam gia eae boat ddng dang toin sich gido khoa Id dfl, khong ehuyin mdn, sinh hoat chuyen dl, tham gia cln lam thim cdc bai todn ndng cao Chinh eong tae chi nhiem, Iln cdc tilt ehuyin dl suy nghi da khiln nhilu giao viln cd thai Thim vdo dd, da phan giao vien tieu hpc deu dp Ifldi hpe, Ifldi dpc tdi Heu de ning cao kien la ni, ngodi gid ldm vile giao vien edn phai thie eho minh Trln thflc te cd kha nhieu hpc ban rdn vdi edng vile gia dinh, Nhflng boat sinh ed kha nang tfl toan rit tdt, vdi dgng ndy da ehilm bet phan ldn thdi gian cia nhflng bai toan sich giao khoa d e em hg Chinh vi vay, giao vien khdng cd nhieu deu khdng mIt nhilu thdi gian de giai Vdi thdi gian de cing ed, dn tap Iai cic dang toan nhflng hpc sinh nay, giao vien khdng dflde cia eae khdi ldp khae raa ehi ed the danh thdi ding lai d mflc saeh giao khoa md d n phii gian dl tap trung tim tdi, nghien cflu, sang tao cd ke hoEich phdt triln hdn nfla khd ndng tfl khudn kho khdi Idp ma minh dang day todn hpe, phat triln tri tul, ddng thdi Chi cd quyet dinh eia BGH dl nghi ho tri hflng thu hpc tap cho d c em Gilo viln cln chuyin sang day khdi khae thi lie dd hp mdi phdi cho nhflng hpc sinh dd dflpc thfl sflc vdi CO ke hoach tim hieu, dn tap Iai - Mdi giao vien lai ed nhflng sd trfldng rieng Mac d i hp dflpc dao tao trfldng sfl pham dl cd the day dfldc tat ca eae mdn Tuy nhiln trln thflc tl, cd nhflng giao viln cd sd trUdng Todn, nhUng cung cd giao vien lai nhilu dang todn khdc nhau, d e dang toan dd khdng dflng Iai d saeh tham khao, toan tudi thd, m l cao hdn nfla cd tbi la cae de thi todn qude te neu nhflng hpc sinh dd cd khd nang Mudn vay, giao vien can thilt phdi cd kiln thflc toan siu va rdng ed sd trfldng vl Tiing Viet hole gidi ea Toan Mat khae, ed mgt sd giao viln ngai thay vd Tiing Viet Khdng ngoai t r i gido vien ddi phfldng phap, ngai tira tdi, nghiin cflu, chuyin vl dm nhac, mi thuat, the due Dl ngai diu tfl thdi gian va cdng sic de trau ddi giai quyet van de tren, mdt sd trfldng da ed kien thfle eho ehinh rainh Cing cd nhilu cdeh phdn cdng gidng day theo sd trfldng, gido giao vien Iai ngai day gidi todn cd ldi vdn, bdi viln ndo ehuyin Todn thi phin cdng day hgc sinh tieu hgc, dae biet la hgc sinh dau Todn, ehuyen Tiing Vilt thi phan edng day d p ki nang gidi toan ed Idi van yeu, ede em Tieng Viet dl nhd nhflng cung dl quin, hay nham lan Vdi cdeh phan eong nhfl trln nen nhilu gifla d c dang toan, khd nang tU toan giao vien, dae bilt la giio vien nhieu nam day chUa tdt, ddi hdi giao viln phdi kiln tri, ti rai TAP CHl KHOA HOC V o l 04, No - 7/2016 77 Thuc trang day va hpc giSi toan co ldi van cila giao vien va sinh vien nganh giao due tieu hoc d H3i Phong udn nan eho hpc sinh ting chit mdt Dd lai Id Bdng 1: ThUc trqng gidi todn cd ldi van van dl ma nhilu giao viln rat ngai day cda sinh vien nam thd (76 sinh viin) hpc sinh tieu hpc Ben canh dd, van ed mdt sd gido viln cd y CdmSc Thirctrang ^ ^ thflc tfl rln luyen, tfl trau ddi kiln thflc va ki nang gidi todn nhflng lai khdng cd biln phap NhSm lan giOa cac dang toan cd Idi van tfl hgc hieu qud, dan din tdn tai mdt sd ban Lung tung viec tim ItFi giSi ctio mpt so chl qua trinh gidi toin va day gidi todn ed Idi van Viec tu thiet k l d l todn giip giio viln bai toan cd Idl van Khdng nam chac cac budc giai mdt so dang loaned Id! van Khdng nam chac cac phUdng phap giii toan loi Nling mic (%) lil 68,42 31jl 84,21 1i,79 26,32 73,611 42,68 57,32 phat trien khd nang tfl sing tao, giup tilt kilm thdi gian tim sdch, dpc saeh vd ehu ddng qua trinh giang day Nhflng giao viln ed the tu minh thilt kl nhieu dl toan Id nhing Bang 2: ThUc trqng day hgc gidi todn e6 ldi vdn cua sinh vien ndm thd (76 sinh vien) '~~~-~~-~~ ^^^ Mule ngUdi ed tU toin hpc tot, d l hieu dUdc Co mdc loi(%) day d i vd chac ehan ban chat cfla dang toan Khdng mac lot m Chl quan tam hoc smh lam dung hay sai Nhflng tren thUe te cd rat it gido vien tfl thiet kl dl todn Do gido vien Ifldi suy nghi, Ifldi tfl ma khong quan tam cac em cd hieu bSn 21,05 75,95 73,68 26,32 a,6B 76,32 chat bai loan hay khonq LiJng tijng trui^c mot so cau hdi ciia hoc duy, chi mudn sfl dung nhflng bdi tap cd san 2.2 ThUc trgng gidi vd day gidi todn cd Idi sinh xung quanh phan Iden thtic giSi loan cdlcli van Khong hieu ban chat bai toan ma chi vdn cua sinh vien tieu hgc ndm thU tU - day theo diinq quy trinh Khoa Gido due Tieu hoc - TrUdng Dgl Mat nhieu thdi gian giang giai ma hpc hoc Hdi Phdng sinh van chifa hieu Khdng hudng dan hoc smh giai theo 2.2.1 Tmh hinh thUc tequa dieu tra nhieu each khac Chung toi gii phieu dieu tra din 76 sinh Biet each lam nhUng khong biet truyen viln nim t h i tu Khoa Giao due Tiiu hgc - dat cho hoc sinh mot each de hieu 86,34 13,16 32,21 65,79 81,58 18,42 Ddi vdi d e bai todn cd Idi van sach TrUdng Dai hpc Hdi Phdng Thdi gian nhin toan ning eao, toan tudi thd, toin eia tieu phieu dieu tra 11 t i 10/4/2016 den 20/4/2016 hgc thi da sd sinh viln cho la khd Cu thi, da Muc dich dilu tra Id tira hieu mflc dg sai Iam, cd 73,68 % chpn khd; 26,32 % ehpn trung binh nguyen nhdn sai lam efla sinh viln nganh vd khdng mdt chgn de Giao due Tiiu hgc giai toan cd ldi van Kit VI van de tfl thilt k l dl todn cho hoc qua dilu tra thu dfldc nhfl sau: (% tinh theo so sinh: Da so cac ban diu lly d l toin tren mang sinh viin dUdc diiu tra) internet vd sdch tham khio, rat it ban tfl thiet kl dl todn Qua khdo sdt, ed 10,53% thfldng xuyen thiet ke de todn, 73,68% thinh thodng TRUONG DAI HOC H A I P H O N G Nguyen Van Hong vd 15,79% khdng bao gid tfl thilt kl dl toan Khi thilt ke dl todn thi hlu hit cae ban diu mae phai ldi sai dd Id sd lieu thilu chinh xae, dien dat ling cing vdi 71,05 % mac phdi va sd ban khdng mac ldi dat 26,32% Cie dang todn khd md sinh viln mac sai lara tim ldi gidi la: toin chuyen ddng, toan ti sd, ti sd phan tram, ti 11 thuan, ti le nghich, toan trung binh cdng Da sd sinh vien deu nam dflpc trinh tfl cae boat ddng day hpc de hfldng dan hpc sinh tira ldi giai cho cdc bdi toan ed ldi van Song vin ed mpt sd sinh viln ehUa nam dflpc, the hiin trln philu khdo sdt, Id de trdng phin tra ldi cho clu hdi "Cac boat ddng day hpe ma ban thfldng td ehfle d e tiet bge giai toan cd Idi van?" Sinh viln da va dang di gia sfl: Lam dflde nhieu bai toan khd thdi gian ngan, biet cdeh s i dung t i n g i p h i hpp vdi vdn t i vUng cia hpe sinh tiiu hpc, nam rd ndi dung, chUdng trinh Toan tiiu hgc, bilt each dat eau hdi ngan gpn, de hieu cho hpc sinh, dU dodn dUdc nhflng ldi sai hpc sinh si mac phdi bpc toan, bilt rd dac dilm, tinh cdch, sd thieh efla hpc sinh tiiu hpc, bilt cdeh kich thieh hflng t h i hpc tdp cia hpe sinh nhfl td chflc ehdi trd chdi, khen ngpi, ddng viln, kl ehuyen Qua d e h hpc cfla hgc sinh minh gia si, sinh vien hieu dflde each day, quy trinh day efla gild vien day tren Idp, hpc hdi dfldc tfl giao vien ehu nhiem efla hpc sinh dd nhflng phfldng phap day hieu qua Sinh vien chfla di gia sfl: Nhflng hieu bilt Da sd sinh vien da tfl nhan thflc dflpc vile ve ndi dung, chfldng trinh toan, tien trinh day gidi toan thUdng xuyen se giup ban than: Khac hgc, dae diera tdm K, sd thich cia bge sinh phuc dfldc nhflng han chl ma minh hay mIc diu rit rad hd, chfla rd rang Dflng trddc hpc phdi giai toan, khdng sd, khdng ngai vdi sinh rit bd ngd, ling ting dat cau hdi, cde bai toan cd Idi van, bilt each lam d c dang d e h ding tfl dl hdi khdng hdp Ii, ding tfl ngfl bai tap khd khdng gin gui vdi hpc sinh tiiu hpc gdy sfl Ve mat nhan thflc: Hlu het cae ban deu da nhan thflc dflpc vai trd cfla hpe toan ed Idi van ddi vdi hpe sinh tieu hpc, Dd Id giup cic em biet phat hien vd gidi quylt cic vin de ddn gidn, gan gui euge sdng, hinh thdnh cic kJ nang suy luan toan hgc Bdng 3: Ndng lUc gidng day vd tU todn hgc cua sinh viin ti^ hgc ndm did (76 sinh viin) Tot Kha (%1 Nanglifc^^^, Giing day Td loan Trung binh 0% 76,32% 23,68% 10,53% 65,79% 23,68% Cd mdt sfl khdc biet rd ret gifla sinh viln hoang mang, khd hieu hpc sinh Chfla biet d e h td ehfle Idp hpe, edch kieh thich hflng thfl hpe tap, khdng bao qudt ldp, chfla cd tac phong sfl pham Bi bat ngd trflde nhing clu hdi cfla hpe sinh, ling ting tim d u tra Idi cho nhflng thac mac dd Mdt sd ban dflde sap xip thflc tdp tai cic ldp 4, ddi edn bi d^ng vile truyin dat kiln thfle, ngd ngang trfldc kha nang hgc eia rapt sd hpc sinh Sau ddt thflc tap nim thfl 3, nhilu sinh vien dl nhan thiy dflpc nhflng ylu kem cia mmh d vl kiln thflc vd ki nang; phan ndd hieu dupe mdt ngfldi giao vien can phai ldm da di gia sfl va ehfla di gia sfl Cu thi nhfl sau: TAP CHt KHOA HOC Vol, 04, No 17 - 7/2016 79 Thuc trang day va hgc giai toan cd iifi van ciia giao vien va sinh vien nganh giao due tieu hgc ci HSi Phong nhflng gi cdng tde tai trfldng phd thdng mIc phdi giai toin, khdng sp khong ngai d c bai toan cd Idi van, bilt d e b ldm cac dsing dl trd giao viln, hp chfla tfl tin vl chinh bdi tip khd Nhflng sinh viln lai chfla y thiic minh, nhflng lai chfla bilt minh phai ldm gi vd dUdc vile tu hpe, tU trau ddi kiln thflc, lilcli suy nghi, tim tdi; ehUa cd each hpc hieu qua; nen lam gi 2.2.2 Nguyen nhdn dan tdi sai Idm cua sinhchfla f thflc dfldc ve nghi nghiip cia minh, hdi hdt vdi viec hoc nghe Nhilu sinh vien tu vien gidi todn c6 Idi vdn toan hpc ehfla tdt nhflng lai khdng chiu * Nguyen nhan khach quan Thdi Ifldng danh eho giai ed toan cd ldi tfl hpc, ti^ tim hieu Chfla nam dflpe day dii van khd it Cu the: radn Phfldng phap day hpc vl chUdng trinh toan eia tieu hpc Nhieu ban todn d tieu hpc chilm sd tin chi Id 4/140 = 90 van cdn ed suy nghi: e i di lam rdi tim hieu tilt/ 15 tuan hoc Mdn PhUdng phdp gidi todn cflng chUa mudn Nhflng rit nhieu sinh viln van ehfla san sang d ttlu hpc 11 mdn hgc can thiet nhit cho sinh vien, giflp sinh viln biet each giai d e bdi toin cfla tieu hpe d mflc dd khd thi thdi Ifldng chi ehilm 3/140 tin chi = 45 tiet/15 tuin hpc Nhflng mdn hpe ed khdi Ifldng kien thflc khd ldn nhflng thdi Iddng hpc Iai qua ngan, vi vay sinh viln khdng ed d i thdi gian de hpc vd thfle hanh Thdi gian di thflc tap qua ngan Sinh viln khdng CO dilu kiln dl tilp xfle nhilu vdi ddi tfldng day hpe la hpc sinh tieu hpe Cu the: thUe tap nam thfl tfl (4 tuin), thflc tap nam thi tfl (6 tuin) Trong dpt thflc tap nam thfl ba, mdi sinh viln dfldc day tilt/ thing vdo tuan cia thang thflc tap theo quy dmh, gdm tilt todn, tilt Tieng Vilt, long ghep thim ~ tilt iich sfl, dia li, khoa hpc Sinh viln it cd thdi gian dUde thao giang ddn den kinh nghiim giang day khdng nhilu, thieu hut ve mat kien thfle eung nhfl ki nang giang day * Nguyen nhin chu quan Sinh viln nam thfl tfl da nhan thfle dflpc vile hpc toan thfldng xuyln se giip ban than Ben eanh do, cung co mdt sd ban c6 mong mudn tU tim hiiu, tfl trau doi kiln thiic toan cho minh nhflng lai khdng tim dUde each hpc hieu qui Sinh viln chUa nam chac cde phfldng phap gidi va d c bUde giai efla tflng dang toan, tfl luan edn ban che, dan din mac nhieu sai Iam giai toan cd Idi van Ngoii ra, da so sinh viln khdng thfldng xuyln tim hiiu cac dang todn nang cao, toan tudi thd nln gap phdi nhflng dang toan thUdng mat rit nhieu thdi gian mdi ed the dUa dUpe dap an ehinh xdc Chinh bdi vi kien thfle toan chfla chac, chfla siu nln di thfle tap hgc sinh tieu hgc dfla d u hdi thac mIc thi nhieu sinh vien lung ting khdng bilt phai trd ItJi nhfl thi nao Ket luan Qua vile khdo sat gido viln vd sinh viln ve vile giai toin cd ldi van ehflng tdi nhan thiy + Gido vien va sinh viln edn mac nhi^u sai lira gill todn + Nhing sai lara cua giao vien vd sinh khac phuc dfldc nhflng han chl ma mhih hay viln ed the he thdng lEii dl bdn than mdi ngfldi gOMR^ONGDAIHQCHAl PHONG Mguyin Van H6ng nhdn dfldc ban chl cfla minh vd cd ke hoach khac phuc + Nhing sal lira eia giao vien vd sinh viln xult phdt t i nhilu nguyen nhan vl kiln thie Qua nghien cflu, ehflng tdi cd the khang dinh sinh vien va mdt bO phin giao viln vin tdn tai mdt sd han che gidng day Cling nhu vile tfl hpc giai toan ed ldi vdn, De dap ing nhu clu giao due thdi dai radi, nhit thiet can dao tao dpi ngu gido vien gidi cd vl chuyen mdn nghiep vu Sinh vien ngdnh Gilo due Tiiu hpc se la ldp ngfldi ke can bd sung vdo dpi ngu giao viln tieu hpc, ed mot chang dfldng dai de xiy dUng va phat trien nln gido due Viet Nam Chinh vi vay, phdi ed kl hoach dao tao hieu qua hdn cho ldp ngUdi ke can nay, de lam khdng thut Iii so vdi Idp ngfldi di trflde raa se viing vang hdn nia vl chuyin mdn nghiep vu, cd long ylu nghi, ylu tri, hdi nhap vdi thi gidi, hpc tap dfldc nhing d e h giao due mdi cia ban be trln thi gidi de dfla gido due Viet Nara ngdy mdt phat trien hdn nfla, giup ngfldi Viet Nara khdng thua kem ede nfldc tren todn clu Ddi ngi gido vien tieu hpc dang ting ngay, ting gid trflc tilp truyen dat, gidng day tai trfldng phd thdng Nhat thiet nhflng kiln thflc md giao vien dem lai phai Id can thilt, mdi me vd hap din nhat ddi vdi hpc sinh, nhflng kiln thfle todn hgc giao vien dem din eho hpe sinh phai phfl hdp vdi nang lfle hpc cia cac em, giip hpe sinh cang phdt triln vl tu suy luan toan hpe TAILIIUTHAMKHAO Bd Gido dpc va Ddo tao (2002), ChUdng trinh tiiu hgc, NXB Giao due Nguyen Vinh Can - Ll Thdng Nhat Phan Thanh Quang (1996), Sai ldm phi biin gidi todn, NXB Giao due Hoang Chflng (1969), Ren luyin khd ndng sdng tqo todn hgc d trUdng thdng, NXB Gilo due Trln Diln Hien (ehi biln) (2002), 10 ehuyin di boi dUdng hgc sinh gioi todn 4-5 (Tdp 2) NXB Gido due Dd Trung Hiiu - Dd Dinh Hoan - V i Dfldng Thuy - Vu Qude Chung (1995), PhUdngphdp dqy hgc mdn Todn d tiiu hgc (Gido trinh ddo tqo eil nhdn gido due tiiu hgc), Trfldng Dai hpc SU pham Ha Ndi, Nguyen Ba Kim (2003), PhUdngphdp dqy hgc mdn Todn NXB Dai hpc SU pham Trln Ngpe Lan (2009), Ren luyin tU cho hgc sinh dqy hgc todn bqc Tieu hgc, NXB Tre Ll Thdng Nhat (1996), Sai ldm cua hgc sinh gidi todn - mpt hiiu biit quan trgng cda sinh viin sU pham todn, DH vl GDCN Ll Thdng Nhit (1996), Ren luyin ndnglUc gidi todn cho hgc sinh phi thdng trung hgc thong qua viec phdn tich vd s^a ehda cae sai ldm cda hgc sinh gidi todn, Luan In PTS Vinh 10 Trln Thue Trinh (2003), Di cUdng mon hgc "Rin luyin tU dqy hgc todn", Viln Khoa hgc giao due, Hd Ndi T*P CHl KHOA Hpc Vol 04, No - 7/2016 g l Thuc trang day va hoc giai toin co Icrt van cila giao vien va smh vien nganh giao due tieu hoc d plio Hai Phong 11 Polya G, (Hodng Chung - Ll Dinh Phi - TEACHING AND LEARNING OF SOLVING MATH WORD PROBLEMS OF LECTURERS AND STUDENTS OF PRIMARY mpt bdi todn nhU thi ndo? NXB Gido due EDUCATION FACULTY Pham Dinh Thfle (2007), PhUdng phdp OF HAIPHONG UNIVERSITY sdng tdc di toan d tieu hgc, NXB Giao due Abstract Tdng tap todn tudi thd nam 2004 (tieu Math word problems are one of the tough hpc) (2004), NXB Giao due math questions at primary schools which Tdng tip toan tuoi thd nam 2007 (tieu require learners to have necessary skUls such hpc) (2007), NXB Giao due as analyzing problems, determining solving Tdng tap toan tudi thd nam 2014 (tieu methods and making solving plans In the research, the author presents the situation of hpe) (2014), NXB Giao due Viet Nam teaching and leaming of solving math word problems of the lecturers and students at Faculty of Primary Eduacation in Haiphong city and points out some fundamental causes to assist the lecturers and students in effectively dealing with this type of math questions Nguyen Hflu Chfldng dieh) (1975), Gidi 12 13 14 15 Keywords: math word problems, math teaching, problem solving, skills TRl/dNG QP,\ HOC HAI PHdNG ... cho hpc sinh, dU dodn dUdc nhflng ldi sai hpc sinh si mac phdi bpc toan, bilt rd dac dilm, tinh cdch, sd thieh efla hpc sinh tiiu hpc, bilt cdeh kich thieh hflng t h i hpc tdp cia hpe sinh nhfl... cfla hgc sinh minh gia si, sinh vien hieu dflde each day, quy trinh day efla gild vien day tren Idp, hpc hdi dfldc tfl giao vien ehu nhiem efla hpc sinh dd nhflng phfldng phap day hieu qua Sinh vien... Idp ed sd Ifldng hgc sinh gidi it, da sd hpe sinh Tat ed gido vien dflde khao sat diu cho rang day hpc todn ed Idi van thfldng xuyen ed hpe lflc trung binh hole kha thi de hpc sinh nam dflpc trgn

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