Đánh giá ảnh hưởng của công tác thu hồi đất nông nghiệp đến sinh kế của người nông dân tại dự án xây dựng khu đô thị mới quận hải an, thành phố hải phòng

Hgi Dia ly Viet Nam Dgi hgc Thai Nguygp DANH GIA ANH HtTONG CUA C O N G TAC THU H O I DAT N N G N G H I E P DEN SINH KE CUA NGlTOI NONG DAN TAI DlT AN XAY DlfNG KHU DO THI M d i QUAN HAI AN, THANH P H O HAI P H O N G Nguyen Thi Ha Thanfa\Nguyen Thi Thuan An^ Abstract Sustaining livelihood of peasants after recovering agricultural land for urbanization in I 'letnam is the easy problem to solve In 2008, the Project of building new urban zone in Hai An district Hai Phong city, which was o of the most important projects to improve urban infrastructure ofHai An district, was implemented To se the project, it was needed 43.489m2 land area of Dang Hai precinct, of which 40.128m2 was agnculhtra land, belonged to 106 farming households By conducting the social interview of these 106 households, t author will clarify the following results in this report: thanks to the project, 106 farming households hav had opportunity to engage in non-agricultural sector, to improve their income, and attained large quanti money (compensation money for the recovered land) However, these households have also faced difficul in searching new jobs in non-agricultural sector without effective help Jrom the project or the local government and in effectively using ihe compensation money In conclusion, after being recovered agncutural land, financial and physical assets of the farming households have been increased, but temporarily: while natural assets have been attenuated, and huma assets have been restrained by limited education levels and over-labor ages MQDAU Tir sau thdi ky Doi mdi nam 1986, qui trinh pfaat trien dd tlii d Viet Nam dugc "md ciia", khdng cdn cfaiu sy kim nen "dd thi hda" nhu trudc Kit qui ciia nd la sy gia tang nhanh chong ve mat so lupng lin quy md dd thi ciia cac thi d Viet Nam Vdi toe dp dd tiii hda 3,5% giai dogn I990-20I0 (UN, 2009), so tin d Vigt Nam tang tir 520 tiii nim 1990 (vdi ty le din cu till vio khoing 17-18%)) lgn din 753 thi vao nam 2009 (vdi quy md dan s6 dd thi vao khoing 29,6% tong dan so) [1] Con so niy dugc dy bio van cdn tiep tyc tang nhiing nam tdi Qui trinfa tfai hda dgt yeu cau trudc tien li phii chuyin dich co ciu sir dyng dit tir ndng nghigp sang phi ndng nghigp Chinli vi vay, ngudi chiu inh faudng tryc tilp tir giai dogn dau tign ciia qui trinh dd thi fada ehinfa la nhiing ngudi ndng dan cd dit bi thu hoi.Tren tfayc tl, tiong sudt qua trinh thi hda nhanh d Viet Nam, nhung van de ma ngudi ndng dan bi thu hdi dit gap phii van cii ton tgi y nguyen nhu luc ban diu, bao gom nhung bat cap chuyin ddi vigc lam sau tiiu hoi dat ndng nghigp, vigc su dyng tien den bii khdng diing eich dan din nhanh ehdng tai ngheo, that ngfaigp, v i gia tang tg nan xa hpi [2, 3, 4, 5] Tir nam 2003 din nay, rieng Hii Phdng da tiiuc hien kilm kg, lap phuang in boi tiiudng, ho tro va tai dinh cu cho 625 dy in vdi ton^g di^n tich 4.675 ha, tdng so hp 64.037 hp, so nhan khau 253.012 nhan kfaau[6] Va cung khdng nim ngoii hoan cinh chung ciia ca nude, ngudi ndng dan^Hai Phdng cung ggp rat nhilu khd khan viec on dinh cugc sdng cua minh sau bi thu hoi dat ndng nghigp Bio cio niy^dugc thyc hign vdi myc tieu danh gii su thay doi sinh kl cua ngudi ndng dan, gidi han d cic nguon vdn ty nhign, nguon vin eon ngudi, vat chit vatai ehinfasau qua trinh chuyin doi myc dicfa su dyng dat, cy thi d du an xay dung dd tiu mdi ciia quan Hai An, tiianh Hii ^ Phdng KHAi NIEM SINH KE Sinfa ke dugc dinh nghTa ngin gpn nhu sau: Smh ke bao gom kha n ^ g , nguon von (bao gom ca nguon tai nguyen hiiu hinfa v i tii nguyen xafapi)va nhung hogt ddng can tiiilt cua ngudi dl sinh song Sinh ke bin viing nd cd tiie 'Khoa Dia lp, Trudng Dgi hoc Khoa hgc Tu nhiin Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ndi Phdng Tdi nguyin vd Mdi trudng, UBND qupn Hdi An, thdnh phd Hdi Phdng_ Kyyiu Hp: nghf Khoa hgc Dfa ip todn gudc ldn thdT Hgi Dia ly Vift Nam Dai hgc Thii Nguyen giai quyet hogc vugt qua nhiing khung hoing, cii sdc v i tri hoac nang cao nang vi ngudn von ci d thdi diem hien tgi vi tucmg Iai, khdng Iam xdi mdn nguon tii nguyen ty nhien (Chambers & Conway, I99I) Smh kl dugc tgo boi cinh xa hdi, kinh tl va chinh tri Cac the cfal, qui trinh v i chmh sicfa nfau chmh sach sii dyng dit, anh hudng den kha nang tilp can va su dyng eie nguon von Nhirng boi canh thay ddi tfai se tgo nhung kfad kfaan va tfaugn lgi mdi doi vdi sinh kl, Mdt cich khac de hieu nguon von ciia ngudi de tgo sinh ke la nhdm chiing vio nhdm dudi day: von ngudi, vdn xa hdi, vdn ty nhien, vdn vat chit, vdn tai chinh Bdng Ndm nguon vdn phuc vu sinh ki Von ngirdi Von xi hgi Ky nang, kiln thuc, site khoe va nang lam vigc Tinh lang nghia xom, cac phong tyc tmyin thing, cic to cbiic doan the, ca hgi tham gia vio cac ca quan to chiic d dia phuong vin ty nhien Dit dai, nude, rimg vi cac loai sinh vgt kliac Von vit chat Co sd hg tang ca bin nhu dudng si, he thong nude sinh hogt, dieu kign vg sinh, tnr6ng hpc, trgm xi, hing hoa sin xuat bao gom cong cu, trang thiet bi vi gia sue gia cam Von tii chinh Tiln tilt kigm, thu nhgp tii lim viec, buon bin vi tien giii ngan hang (Ngudn: UNDP IBP, 2010) T N G QUAN VE DU" AN XAY DUNG KHU DO THI M Q I QUAN H A I AN, T H A N H PHOHAIPHQNG 3.1 Vi tri, d^c dilm, p nghia cua dy an Qugn Hii An, Hai Pfadng li mot quan mdi duoc tfaanh lip nam 2003, tren co sd ticfa mpt phan dia gidi hinfa cfainh ciiafauygnHai An cii {nay la huygn An Duang) vi phudng Cat Bi ciia qugn Ngd Quyin, gom don vi hinh chinh cip phudng; Dang Lim, Ding Hai, Dong Hii I, Dong Hii 2, Trang Cat, Nam Hii, Thinh Td va Cat Bi Do la mot qugn mdi lip nen Hai An CO quy dat ndng nghigp edn tuong doi Idn, nhieu dy an xay dyng kfau dd tfai, khu cdng nghigp dugc tgp tnmg trien kfaai trgn dia ban de phyc vu cho nhu cau phat trien thanfa Hai Phdng ndi ehung vi qugn Hii An ndi neng Dy in xiy dyng Khu thi mdi tgi quin Hii An Cdng ty Co phin Diu tu xay dyng va Pfaat triln nfaa lim chii day tu la mdt nhiing dy in trpng dilm nhim phat trien ca sd ting tfai ciia qugn Hii An Theo qui hogcfa cfai tiet, du in dugc trign kfaai thuc hign tren dja ban hai phudng Ding Hii v i Ddng Hii thugc qugn Hii An Quy mo dign tich duge thycfaignd phudng Dang Hii la 43.489m^ Trong dign ticfa thu hdi tren cd 40 I28m^ dat ndng nghigp ciia 106fagdan vi 3.36Im^ dit d ciia 11fagdin.Vi tri khu dat thyc hien dy an nim tren dia ban phudng Ding Hii mpt nhung phudng cd dan cu ddng dtic nhit qugn Dy an nam d vi tri cd giao thong di lgi thugn Ipi, nam gin cic dudng ldn nfau dudng Nguyen Binh Khiem, dudng Le Hdng Phong, dudng bao Nguyen Van Linh Sau dy an dugc thyc faign v i hoan thanfa, cic fagng myc se tgo quy nhi d de phyc vii cdng tic an sinh xa hpi cho nhung hd gia dinfa cd tfau nfaap thip va tgo mgt khu thi boin chinh, dong bp Vipc thyc hien du in se Ii mdt nhung dilm nhan vl cinh quan dd thi hign dai tien djq hAil qi,^n H^i An 3.2 Tiidng tin chung ve cong tac tfau hoi dat, boi thurmg, ho trgr thu hoi dSt cua du an Dy an thu hoi dat xay dyng kfay thi mdi tgi qugn Hai An dugc cfaia lim giai dogn:Giai dogn I: thu hoi 40.128m^dign tich dit ndng nghigp cua 106fad;Giai dogn 2: Thu hoi 3.36Im^ datd cuallfap Dy an xiy dyng khy thj mdi quan Hii An da tiiyc hien thu hoi 43 489 m^ dat, vdi tong so Iao dpng ndng nghi?p duge ho trg Ii 292 ngudi, tong kinh phi boi thudng la 3.494.357.000 dong _ ^ P do, chilm ty Ip Idn nhit la tiln ho trg sin xuat kinh doanh doi vdi fag mat tren 30% dien tich Kpyiu Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp todn gudc ldn thd Dgi hgc Thai Nguygn Hot Dia ly Viet Nam dit ndng nghigp, vdi tdng sd tiln la 1.939.570.000 VND, chilm 55,5%; tien ho tig dao tgo la 757.558.000 VND, chilm 21,7%), tiln hd tig on dinh cupc sdng vdi hd mat dit tt-gn 30% la 314.074.000 ddng, chiem 9% tong sd tien bdi thudng DANH GIA TAC D Q N G CUA VIEC THU HOI D A T N Q N G NGHIEP T I CAC NGUON VON PHUC VU SINH KE CUA CAC HO D A N BI THU HOI D A T De dinh gia mdt each khach quan va cy tfal cic tac dpng ciia qui trinfa efauyen doi su dyng dit nong ngfaigp din cudc sdng ciia ngudi dan tgi dy an xay dung Idiu dd thi mdi quan Hii An, nhdm tic gii da tfauefaigndieu tra 106 phieu hp gia lEnh Mau philu dugc thinh lap vdi myc dich phdng vin sau vl nhieu van de cudc sdng ciia cic hd gia finh nong dan tii trudc va sau tiln hinh chuyen doi muc dich sii dyng dat ndng ngfaigp tgi dy an Viec phdng van dugc thyc hien tgi to dan so 8, 9,10, phudng Dang Hai, noi cd dit thu hoi nim dy an 4.1 Tac d$ng tdi nguln \tn t u nhien Nguon von tu nhien eiia cac hg gia dinh ndng dan d khu vyc nghien eiiu dua dl phan tich dl tai dugc xic dinfa Ii dit ndng nghigp Nguon von dang cd xu hudng suy giam bi thu hdi dl phyc vy cho Dy an jcay dyng Khu thi mdi qygn Hii An Ket qua phdng vin 106 ho dan hi tfau hdi dit de thyc hien du an cho thay binh quin dign tich dit ndng nghiep cua moi khau song bing nghe ndng nghigp Ii I52m^/ngudi, binh quan dat nong ngfaiep cda moi hp bi thu hoi la 410,27m^ hg hi tfau hoi nhilu nhat la 1.464m^, hp bi thu hoi it nhit li 34m^ Bdng sd hp gia dinh bi thu hdi ddt ndng nghiip a cdc muc quy md diin tich khde STT Di^n ticb dat ndng nghiep bi thu hoi (m2) S6h$ Tyl?