REN LUYEN Kl NANG PHAN TICH CHIfllNG TRINH, SACH GIAO KHOA MDN TOAN fi TIEO HOC CHO SINH VIEN NGANH GIAO DUC TIED HOC O TS NGUYEN THI C H A U G IANG* N G U Y I N THI S A O " Er ndng (KN) phdn h''''ch chu[.]
REN LUYEN Kl NANG PHAN TICH CHIfllNG TRINH, SACH GIAO KHOA MDN TOANfiTIEO HOC CHO SINH VIEN NGANH GIAO DUC TIED HOC O TS NGUYEN THI C H A U G I A N G * - N G U Y I N THI S A O " E r ndng (KN) phdn h'ch chuong trinh (CT), sdch gido khoo (SGK) mon Todn d edp t i l u hqc (TH) cOa gido vien (GV) Id KN fim h i l u , khoi thde CT, SGK mdn Todn tu Idp d i n Idp de ndm vi/ng myc fieu dgy hgc, cdu true CT, cde hinh thuc td chire dgy hgc vd edng tde kiem Ko ddnh gid k i t qud hge tdp eua hqc sinh (HS} KN phdn tfch CT, SGK Id mot KN quan trqng Kong qud Kinh d g y hge mdn Todn md GV edn phdi ed Hieu qud cua qud trinh dqy hoe phy thuqe rdt Idn vdo viec GV cd ndm vCrng hoy khdng tu tudmg chf dgo cua CT Kong SGK Thyc t r q n g ve K N phan tich CT, SGK mdn Todn ciia G V v d sinh vien (SV) ngdnh G i d o due t i l u hqc (GDTH) - V l phia GV: Q u a Kao ddi voi GV tgi mdt so'trudng TH trdn dja bdn thdnh phd Vinh, ehung tdi nhdn thd'y, vide ren luyen KN phdn tich CT, SGK mdn Todn cua GV edn rd't hgn c h i Thyc te, Kong qud Kinh dqy hgc, nhieu GV dd su dyng tdi lidu tham khdo de Idm ro myc fieu, ngi dung, lya chqn phuong phdp dqy hgc (PPDH) phu hgp vdi Krng bdi hgc md ehua chii trgng ddn vide phdn tfeh, fim hieu quan diem Kinh bdy cOa CT, SGK Dan den finh Kqng lung King, khdng k i l m sodt duqe het edc tinh hud'ng cd the xdy ro Kong g i d hgc - Vi phia SV: Di fim h i l u nhqn thuc cuo SV ve KN phdn lieh CT, SGK mdn Todn d edp TH, ehung toi d d t i l n hdnh d i l u Ka bdng An-ket dd'i vdi 43 SV ndm thu Kr ngdnh GDTH tgi Trudng Dgi hge Vinh vd thu duqc k i t qud nhu sou: Phdn Idn y kien cOa SV cho rdng KN ndy Id rd't edn thiet ddi vdi GV (ehiem 93%), mot sd ft y k i l n cho Id edn thiet (ehiem 7%); 18,6% y k i l n cho rdng KN ndy cua minh Id thdnh thqo, 81,4% y k i l n Iqi eho rdng KN ndy cua bdn thdn cdn lung King Ket qud eho thd'y, phdn Idn SV d d y thirc duqe tdm quan trqng eua vide ren luyen KN phdn tfch CT, Tap chi Giao due so 7 {ut i • i/aoia) SGK; nhidn, muc thye hien KN ndy edn hqn ehe, SV ehua thue sy hieu ro y dd xdy dyng CT, SGK eOo ede tde gid bidn soqn Tim hieu nguydn nhdn dan den thuc trqng Ken, ede y kiln dd tap tnjng vdo mot sd nguydn nhdn ehu y l u sou: - Do bdn thdn ngudi hqe ehua cd phuong phdp hgc tdp, rdn luyen KN ndy mot each hgp If vd khoa hgc; - Trong CT ddo tgo d Kudng dqi hgc chua cd mdt quy Kinh ey the de ren luyen KN phdn tieh CT, SGK; - Do SV chua ddu tu thdi gion thich ddng cho cde hoqt ddng ren luyen KN ndy De xud't quy trinh ren luydn K N phdn Kch CT, SGK mdn Todn a TH cho SV ngdnh GDTH D l ren luydn KN phdn tfch CT, SGK mdn Todn d TH, SV cdn ren luyen td hgp ede KN sou: KN phdn tfch ed'u triie ngi dung mdn Todn (su sdp xep cdc mgch k i l n thuc theo tCrng Idp; thdi gian ddnh cho h>ng noi dung dgy hqe, ); KN phdn h'ch myc tidu, ndi dung h>ng mqeh kien thuc; KN phan tfch co sd khoo hgc cua edc phdn k i l n thuc khdc nhou (nhu: dqy hgc hinh thdnh khdi niem, xdy dyng cde edng thuc, quy tdc, tfnh chd't } Qud Kinh ren luyen KN phdn h'ch CI, SGK mdn Todn d TH cdn duqe d i l n sud't khda hgc De phu hgp vdi Krng gioi doqn hgc tdp CT ddo tqo SV, ehung tdi de xud't quy Kinh ren luyen kt ndng phdn tich CT, SGK mdn Todn d TH eho SV ngdnh GDTH nhu sou; Giai dogn 1: Tim bidu CT gido dye phd thdng cd'p TH; CT Toan cao cdp, Toan sa cap, SGK mdn Toan a THderen luy$n kf ndng pbdn tich, gidi tbicb myc tiiu mdn bgc Gioi doqn ndy dien ro Kong nhi/ng hqe ki ddu cua khda hqc, boo gdm nhi/ng hoqt ddng eo bdn sou: 1) Tim bieu CT gido dye phd thdng cdp TH GV ydu cdu SV dgc edc tdi lieu ve CT TH vd nhgn * Tnriingflailioc Vinh ** Tnning tieu hoc Nghiflirc,TP Vinh - Nghe An xet de rut ro nhirng dgc diem chfnh, v i dy SV rut ro k i t ludn: Trong CT mdi cuo mon Todn d TH da dua vdo mot sd ndi dung cd nhieu irng dyng hge tap vd ddi sdng; chdng hqn, phdn phdn sd duge dua vdo hodn chinh hem so vdi CT eu; cdc khdi nidm v l hinh binh hdnh, hinh thoi, hinh Ky, hinh cdu vd mdt so y l u to thdng ke duqc dua vdo CT phu hqp vdi trinh nhqn thuc cua HSTH; budc ddu giup HS Idm quen vd su dyng mdy finh diing mi/c 2} Thdng qua cde hgc pbdn Todn eao cdp, Todn so cap de nghien cuu CT, SGK mon Todn d TH, mdi lien he gii/a ngi dung cdc mdn Todn d trudng dgi hgc vdi ndi dung dgy hgc todn TH CT SGK mdn Todn d TH duqe trinh bdy d y a trdn tinh thdn, quan diem eOo Toon hqc coo edp, Todn hqe hien dqi Do d d , sou hge xong ede mdn Todn co bdn d trudng dgi hqe, SV edn thd'y rd mdi lien he giua ndi dung edc mdn hqe vdi ndi dung dqy hgc toan d TH Chdng hqn, fim hieu de thd'y duqc vai trd cua If thuyet tap hqp viec hinh thdnh khdi niem so ty nhien, hay viec chu trgng den viec dgy hgc mot sd tfnh chd't quan trgng cua phep cgng vd phep nhdn, mdi quan he giira phep edng vd phep tru, phep nhdn vd phep chia 3) Pbdn tich, gidi thich myc tieu mdn hgc SV cdn phdn tieh, gidi thich mye hdu mdn Todn CT TH d ede mat ve: kien thue, kt ndng, thdi Ddy Id CO sd quon Kgng, giup GV lya chgn dugc ndi dung, phuong phdp, hinh thuc td chuc dgy hqe vd each thuc ddnh gid k i t qud hgc tdp cua HS Trong CT, SGK Todn 1, bude ddu d d gidi thieu ede bdi hqe nhdm hinh thdnh nhung ktndng dgc, v i l t , so sdnh cde sd; thyc hien ede phep cgng, phep tru ede sd Kr nhidn Giai dogn 2: Ren luyen KN phdn tich cau true, muc tieu, ngi dung CT mdn Todn a TH Giai doqn ndy dien Kong nhirng hqe ki giua eua khda hqc, bao gdm cde hoqt ddng sou: ]) Pbdn tich cdu true ngi dung mdn Todn TH GV yeu cdu SV khdo sdt CT SGK, tim h i l u ed'u Kue tdng t h i not dung mdn Todn, phdn h'ch chieu sdu cua tung mgch kien thde vd thdi lugng ddnh cho mdi mqeh k i l n thire d d Chdng hgn, SV phdn tfch vd nhdn thd'y ngi dung mdn Todn ed md'i quan he chqt ehe vdi ede KN dgc, v i l t , tfnh todn, ludng Qud trinh gidi,todn nhdm giup HS hinh thdnh vd phdt t r i l n cdc KN hgc tdp 2} Pbdn tich myc tieu, ndi dung tung mgch kien rfiuc Trong CT mdn Todn o T H , SV cdn phdn fich de thd'y rd myc lieu day hoc duqc ey the hdo nhu the ndo Kong moi mgch k i l n ihi/c Giai dogn 3: Ren luyen KN phdn tich ca sa Idioa bgc cua lung bdi hgc CT, SGK mdn Todn a TH Giai doqn ndy dien ro nhi/ng hgc ki cudi eua khda hge, bao gom edc hogt dqng sou: 1) Tim hieu vd phdn logi cdc dgng bdi hgc CT, SGK mdn Todn d TH Giai dogn ndy, GV ydu cdu ede em khdo sdt CT SGK tu Todn ddn Todn d l ndm bdt dqe diem, edu true, phan logi edc dgng bdi hgc, tCr d d Idm co sd eho viec lya ehqn phuong phdp dqy hge, quy trinh len Idp eho moi bdi hgc ey t h i Vi dy: Trong SGK Todn , cd cdc ndi dung dqy hgc nhu: Hinh thdnh khdi niem so tu nhidn; so sdnh vd xep thu tu edc sd'; thuc hien phep edng, phep tru phqm vi 100 Moi giai doqn day hqe Iqi co nhung diem gidng vd khdc nhou ve phuong phdp, hinh thuc to chi/c dgy hqc Chdng hqn, dqy hqe hinh thdnh khdi niem cde sd tu nhidn h> d i n 10 chO y l u duo vdo vide minh hqo v l «sd' luqng" eOa ede dd vqt, d i m que tinh Tuy nhidn, hinh thdnh khdi niem ede so' Idn hem 10 bdn eqnh quon d i l m bdn sd, HS bude ddu biet duqc vj tri cOo tung chif sd mdi so 2) Xde djnh eo so khoa hgc cbo ti/ng bdi hgc Day Id KN ddi hdi SV phdi phdn tieh, tim hieu noi dung Krng bdi hge d l ndm vung tu tudng ehi dgo, edeh trinh bdy k i l n thi/e SGK Xdc dinh dung eo sd khoa hqe cOo bdi hqe, dqc biet Id CO sd todn hgc gdp phdn giup GV lya chgn duqe k i l n thuc Kgng tdm, phuong phdp vd hinh thuc td chuc dgy hgc, x u If tdt cde finh hud'ng su phgm dien Kong g i d hgc Vi dy: Dqy hgc bdi «Dien tich eua mdt hinh" (Todn 3) Tbeo quan d i l m Kyc gidc thi dien h'ch cuo mdt hinh id phdn hinh dd ehiem mdt phdng Dien tieh eua mot hinh ed ddy du cde tinh chd't cua mdt dgi lucmgvd hudng: so sdnh, edng duge vd duqc Hieu theo ttnh thdn d d , ed tfie hinh thdnh eho HS bieu tuqng v l dien tfeh thdng qua thao tde so sdnh, cdm nhdn tryc gide Kdn nhCrng hinh dnh ey the de riit edc nhqn xet: - Neu hinh chCr nhdt ndm hodn todn Kong hinh trdn, to ndi: dien tich hinh cbu nhgt be ban dien tfch binh trdn; Tap chi Biao due so 7 (ki i - i/aoiai - Ndu hinh P gdm 10 vudng nhu nhau, duqe tdch thdnh hinh M gdm d w d n g vd hinh N gdm d vudng thi ta n d i : di$n tich binh P bSng tdng di$n tfch hinh M vd hinh N D l xud't m d t sd' b i d n p h d p thye h i e n Ren luyen KN phdn tfeh CT, SGK mdn Todn ddi hdi SV phdi ren luyen sud't qud trinh hgc tap d trudng su phgm Do dd, SV edn t i l n hdnh nhi/ng hogt ddng ren luyen mdi giai dogn tuong ung q u d trinh hge tdp ede mdn Todn CO bdn, chuyen de ty chqn ehuydn sdu vd cdc hgc phdn ve PPDH todn Bdn eqnh viecrenluyen KN phdn tfch CT, SGK mdn Todn cho SV Kong trudng su phqm, edn phdi hgp vdi cdc Kudng TH de duo ndi dung ndy vdo qud trinh SV thue tap, gdp phdn ddnh gid v d cung c d KN md SV dd tfch luy duqc cd khda hqc Tdm Igi, viec hinh thdnh vd ren luyen KN phdn tfch CT, SGK mdn Todn d TH cho SV Id rd't edn thief, bdi d d y Id mdt KN quan trqng Kong he thdng K N d q y hqe mdn Todn theo ehudn nghe nghiep eOo GV TH hidn Q Ren luyen ve lap luan plian tich (Tiep tbeo trang 37) dugc thij cho HS, khdng phdt huy dugc tfnh tfeh eye hqc tap cua HS • Tii li#u tham khdo Nguyen Trong Bau - Nguyen Quang Ninh - Tr^ Ngoc Them Ngfi phdp van ban va vi«c day Lam vin NXB Gido due, H 1985 Dinh Cao - Le A Lim vin, tap NXB Gido due, H 1991 NguySn Quang Ninh (chu biSn) - NguySn Thi Ban - Trin Hiju Phong Luyen each Idp luan doan vSn nghi ludn cho hoc sinh thong NXB Dgi hgc qudc gia Hd Ndi 2000 Phan Trong Luan (chu bien) - Nguyen XuSn Nam - Le A Ldm van 11 NXB Gido due H 2000 Bao Quy^n Ren ki ndng Idm van nghi luan NXB Gido due, H.2001 Phan Trong Luan (t6ng chu biSn) Ngff van 11, tap l.NXB Gido diic.H 2Q0S SUMMARY Articles to help the students understand how the argument analysis, the Important role of analytical reasoning tasks In writing the argument, understand the purpose, requirements, contents of operation argument analysis; identify actions up, said the use of analysis as well as writing an essay about an issue review the political, social or literature Nang cao nang lye (Tiep //)eo trang 46) T i i lieu tham khao Di nang cao ndng luc nhdn thirc eho HS Kong DH bdi Chu Thi ThuJ An R^n luyin cdc kl ndng «Kieu x d u " , GV cdn neu mye dfch DH, cdch khai bdo, cdc dgy hge mdn Tiing Viil cho sinh viin ngdnh thao tde x u If xdu Dde biet, thdng qua mot so vf dy, GV gido due tigu hgc DS tJii ctfp BO, Vinh, 2010 edn dua cdch xdc djnh, xay dung thugt todn, kilm thu Nguyfin Thi Chau Giang Tdng eudng mSi chuong trinh thdng quo vide nhgp dir lieu, k i t qud hien liin hi su phgm giua ndi dung dgy hgc Li tren mdn hinh; nhung Idi nhgn xet cuo GV phdi sdt vdi thuyit tdp hop vd Logic, cdu true dgi sdvdi tung bdi todn, tCrng chuong Kinh; chi dd mdi phdt huy ndi dung dgy hgc sdhgc d tiiu hgc cho sinh duqc tinh tfch cue hgc tdp, ren luydn kt ndng kt xdo viin ngdnh gido due tiiu hgc & edc trudng thyc hdnh fin hge cho HS, ndng eao hieu qud DH kieu xdu dgi hgc Luan an ti^n sT, Vinh, 2009 ndi ridng v d DH idp trinh ndi chung Q D6 Dinh Hoan M5t s6 van de cu ban ciia chwmg trinh tieu hoc moi NXB Gido due H.2002 D6 Dinh Hoan (chii bien) Toan 1, Toan NXB Gidorf«c,H.2007 Tdi lieu tham khdo 1.1 F Kharlamov Phdt huy h'nh tich cue hoc tdp cua hoc sinh nhirthe ndo NXB Gidoduc H 1978 H6 Si Dam (chu bien) Tin hoc 11 NXB Gido due H 2006 Tran Doan Vinh "M^t sCi Iuu y day phdn:"Mang mOt chilu" Tin hpc 11" Tgp chi Gido due, s6 206/2009 SUMMAIJY Skill of analyzing syllabus and textbook is SUMMARY an Important skill that teachers should have The author discusses problems in teaching the lesson 'String The article proposes the process for training that skill forfi^athematics teachers and some type'(I Ith grade Informatics)-String type data, steps of solving problems of string type data and some specific examples Implementation measures Tap chi Giao due s6 7 (in i - vaoia) ... ndi dung dgy hgc sdhgc d tiiu hgc cho sinh duqc tinh tfch cue hgc tdp, ren luydn kt ndng kt xdo viin ngdnh gido due tiiu hgc & edc trudng thyc hdnh fin hge cho HS, ndng eao hieu qud DH kieu xdu... Quang Ninh (chu biSn) - NguySn Thi Ban - Trin Hiju Phong Luyen each Idp luan doan vSn nghi ludn cho hoc sinh thong NXB Dgi hgc qudc gia Hd Ndi 2000 Phan Trong Luan (chu bien) - Nguyen XuSn Nam - Le... cdc kl ndng «Kieu x d u " , GV cdn neu mye dfch DH, cdch khai bdo, cdc dgy hge mdn Tiing Viil cho sinh viin ngdnh thao tde x u If xdu Dde biet, thdng qua mot so vf dy, GV gido due tigu hgc DS