Q U A N L Y N H A N S U * H A N H C H I N H U A O A O T A O C O N G C H 0 C C A O C A P o f P H A > PGS TSKH PHAN XUAN SdN* 1 Doi mdi quan ly nhan su* cua cac ca quan hanh chinh Trudc day, d Phap, cac[.]
Q U A N L Y N H A N C O N G SU* H A N H C H C C A O C H I N H C A P of U A O A O P H A > PGS TSKH PHAN XUAN D o i m d i q u a n ly nhan su* cua cac ca quan hanh c h i n h Trudc day, d Phap, cac ca quan hanh chinh nha nude chua coi trqng dung muc cdng tac quan ly nhan su M d i quan tam cua cac ca quan quan l y nhan su tap trung vao viec xay dung luat lao ddng, quy che cdng chtrc, che dq luang, thai gian nghi viec, nghi huu, bao hiem Tat ca nhung viec deu mang tinh hanh chinh va deu thuc hien cac ca quan quan ly nhan su cap cao ciia trung uang tai Pa-ri Ve dao tao ngudn nhan luc cho ddi ngu cdng chdc, ngudi ta thudng quan tam den dao tao ban dau, quan tam den bang cap, den cac yeu to thi tuyen dau vao Nhung sau k h i lam viec, lai khdng quan tam den dao tao nang cao, dao tao lai nhu m d cac khoa ngdn han, bdi duong, tap hudn V i the, hai tieu chi: bdng cdp vd thdm nien cdng tac cd v i t r i dac biet quan trqng quan ly nhan sir cu ciia he thdng hdnh chinh d Phdp M d t dac diem che dq nhan su d Phap la vai trd cac td chdc cdng dodn rat ldn H q cung tham gia quan ly nhan su, vdi tu each tham van Vai trd ciia cdng doan so vdi vai trd ciia cac co quan quan ly nhan su, cd the ndi la 50/50 The nhung, thuc te, cac quan chdc ciia nhieu bd lai khdng duqc dao tao kT nang ddi thoai vdi cdng doan Trong trudng hqp dd, qua trinh quan ly nhan su gap nhieu khd khan va 56 T A O SdN* khdng hieu qua De thao go nhirng mau thudn ndi tren, trudc yeu cdu m d i , phai hien dai hoa cdng tac nhan sir, ddi m d i quan ly nhan su M u d n hien dai cdc co quan bd, he thdng hanh chinh, trudc het phai hien dai hoa cdng tdc nhan su, lam cho cdng chirc, vien chdc t r d nhiing ngudi cd nang luc, thao viec, hdng thu va cd ddng co hoan tdt nhiem vu V d i triet l y m d i ciia quan l y nhan sir la "Nang cao gia t r i ciia nhan su" Dat ngudi cdng chdc d trqng tam ciia cdng tdc nhan su, phat huy hq, nang cao gia tri cua hq Day la van de dang duqc quan tam ciia cac thao luan cdng va ciia d u luan rdng rai a Phap Tir thang 10-2007, Chinh phii Phap da tien hanh hdi nghi ban ve hien dai hoa quan l y nhan su Cac h d i nghi m d cho cdng chiing nen rat nhieu ngudi tham gia - H d i nghi 1: "Nhiing gia t r i , nhiing sii menh cua he thdng cdng v u " - H q i nghi 2: "Sdc mua ciia cdng chiic" (luong, thudng, tra cong ) - H d i nghi 3: " D d i m d i ddi thoai xa hdi" - H q i nghi 4: "Qua trinh nghe nghiep ciia cdng chdc va dieu kien lao ddng ciia hq" " Vien Chfnh tri hoc TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NUdC - SO 155 (12-2008) NHIN RA Nl/CJC NGOAI Ngay nay, c Phap, cong chuc doi hoi nhieu hon, hien dai hon ve each quan ly nhan su ddi vdi hp H p khong cdn la nhung ngudi don gian va d i dang cha'p nhan cac menh lenh, cac danh gia tir tren dpi xudng Quan ly nhan su lam de cho nguoi cong chuc t u tha'y trach nhiem thuc hien sir menh, menh lenh M a t khac, hp cdn phai dupe co quan quan l y quan tam ve mat ca nhan Ngoai che dp luong, thudng, co quan quan ly nhan su can phai quan tam de'n nhieu van de khac ciia dpi ngu cong chdc, vien chirc nhu doi sdng gia dinh, nguyen vpng thang tie'n Thang 4-2008, theo ke hoach, Phu Tdng thdng se tdng hpp cac thao luan va cdng bd sach trdng ve cdng tac nhan su Day la co sd de Tdng thd'ng Phap se quye't dinh chinh sach nhan su t d nam 2008-2012 Y tuong doi mdi ve cdng tac nhan su ciia Tdng thdng Phap la: hien dai hoa cdng tac nhan su se quye't dinh cdng hien dai hoa nha nude Phap Viec quan ly nhan su m d i , theo cac nha quan ly nhan su ciia Phap, can phai dap ling cac yeu cau sau: Thir nhdt, sd dung td't nha't nang luc ciia tirng ca nhan cdng chuc, vien chuc Dieu giiip thuc hien chiic nang cdng quyen hieu qua hon Thu hai, cdng tac quan ly nhan su cdn tao nhirng dieu kien de ngudi lao ddng hiing khdi, cd ddng co phdn dau Thu ba, phai rang budc trach nhiem cong chiic cao cap, nhung nha lanh dao dd'i vdi quan ly nhan su Theo dd, ngudi lanh dao phai di ddu cdng tac ddi m d i quan ly nhan su; viec cai td phai duqc tie'n hanh mdt each chuyen nghiep; ngudi lam nhan sir phai duqc ddo tao ve quan ly cdng; dao tao quan ly nhan su cho cdng chiic cao cap Budc cdc cdng chiic sau dao tao phai cd ke hoach ddi mdi Ke hoach dd phai bao ve trudc H d i ddng (la nhung giao vien da day va vu trudng nhan su) Neu du an khdng td't thi viec thang tie'n se rat khd TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NU6C - SO 155 (12-2008) khan Quan ly td't nhan su, theo kinh nghiem cua cdc co quan quan ly nhan sir cua Phap, the hien mat sau: - Td't ve hanh chinh dd'i vdi nhan sir (luong, thudng, che dd diing, chinh xac day la linh vuc quan ly truyen thd'ng) - Quan ly td't qua trinh thang tie'n cua nhan su Xem nguoi cdng chiic mong mud'n tham gia chuong trinh dao tao nao, nhdm dap ling yeu cdu thang tie'n nao - Ke't hqp td't giira nhd trudng va quan ly nhan su Diit khoat phdi cd tie'ng ndi ciia nhd trudng ve sir thang tie'n ciia nhan su sau dao tao - Cd quan he td't vdi cdng doan Khdc phuc tinh trang khdng dd'i thoai duqc vdi cdng doan - Co ca'u td chiic lao ddng phii hqp va d i i u kien ldm viec danh cho ngudi lao ddng phai duqc dap ling td't Hien nay, Phap dang tie'n hdnh cai each che dd huu t r i , dac biet cho nhu'ng nganh nang nhqc, mac du dang cd nhiing y kien chua ddng tinh Nha nude mud'n keo dai dp tudi lao ddng them 2,5 nam Y tudng duqc luan chiing dua tren hai can c i i chu ye'u, mdt la, tudi tho binh quan ciia ngudi Phap da tang len dang ke; hai la, dieu kien lao ddng cho nhung ngudi lao ddng nang nhqc cung da duqc cai thien rat ro V i vay, cd the keo dai dp tudi lam viec de cai thien nhu'ng khd khan ciia nude Phap Yeu cdu ddi mdi quan ly nhan su bd may hanh chinh ciia Phap dat nhiing yeu cdu mdi cho he thd'ng dao tao cdng chdc ciia Phdp va cd the ndi he thd'ng dao tao gdp phdn quye't dinh cdng ciia triet ly nhan su va muc tieu hien dai hoa cdng tac nhan su ciia Phap La mdt co sd dao tao cdng chiic cao cap ciia Phdp - Trudng Hdnh chinh Qud'c gia Phap ( E N A ) , ddng vai trd quan trqng ddi mdi cdng tac quan ly nhan sir ciia he thdng hanh chinh Phdp ndi rieng, ddi mdi he thd'ng hanh chinh Phdp ndi chung 57 NHiN RA NUdC NGOAI Q u a n Iy nhan sir hanh c h i n h gan voi muc tieu, phirang thirc dao tao cua cac t r t f d n g hanh c h i n h Sau nam 1945, nude Phap c i n mpt nen hanh chfnh manh de tai thiet dat nude sau chien tranh M u d n vay phai hien dai hoa va dan chu hoa nen hanh chfnh E N A ddi bdi canh dd Viec lap E N A nham tuyen dung thdng nha't cong chdc cao cap cho nude Phap Tuyen sinh thong qua canh tranh cong khai Trudc dd cac bp tuyen dung tien Tir sau nam 1945, E N A dao tao dac thii cho cong chdc cao cap Trudc dd, cong chdc dupe tuyen la cac sinh vien tdt nghiep dai hpc, chua duqc dao tao ve hanh chfnh Hien nay,' cong chdc Phap, sau k h i hqc dai hqc, hq cdn phai duqc dao tao them Trudng E N A la mqt nhung trudng dao tao nhung cong chdc uu tu, xua't sic cho nude Phap, ddng thdi la m o i trudng tao cac co hqi cho su thang tie'n xa hqi Phap Ngay nay, Trudng cdn m d rqng d i o tao c i nhung ngudi cd tham nien hanh chinh ma chua qua dai hqc, ke ca dng vien nu (nam 1945 la nam phu n u Phap cd quyen b i u cu, irng cu) N q i dung d i o tao d E N A gidng cho t i t ca cac nganh Ke't qua dao tao cho t h i y , sau k h i dao tao, cong chdc cd the chuyen t d bq nq sang bq l / u diem cua phuong thdc la, mqt cong chdc qua d i o tao d E N A , de'n chd m d i hq rat hang h i i i p dung c i i m d i Su thuyen chuyen tao dieu kien de tang cudng ddi thoai giiia c i c bd, giai quye't xung dot giua cac bd Tuy vay, mud'n thang tie'n len v i trf cdng t i c cao hon, cdng chiic phai lam viec he thd'ng hanh chfnh ft nha't nam Trong thdi gian hqc tap o E N A , cdng chdc duqc hqc hdi nhirng kien thdc m d i M d t cdng chdc k h i phai r d i cdng viec o co quan de vao hqc tap d E N A , thi cdng chdc dd biet r i n g hq se duqc hqc t i t ca ndi dung r i t c i n thie't cho cdng viec ciia hq Ngay nay, hoan canh lam viec ciia nguoi cdng chdc ludn thay ddi Sau nam 58 1945, su thay d d i hoan c i n h lam viec ciia ngudi cdng chiic cd the didn vdng 10 nam, nay, dieu dd didn hang nam Cd nhieu thay d d i chfnh la sdc ep cua m d i trudng cdng vide va nhieu thay ddi sdc ep cua hqi nhap qudc te Tinh hinh dd d d i hdi cdng chdc phai duqc chuan bi hd't sdc chu d i o va phai the hien hd't siic sic cdng viec Quy trinh tuyen dung dd'i v d i cdng chiic vao hqc tap d E N A gdm: a Doi tugng td't nghidp dai hqc, tudi dudi 28 chiem 50%; cdng chdc dang lam vide, tham nien it nha't nam cdng t i e , tudi dudi 40 (40%) (cd the chua td't nghiep trung hqc); thf sinh dudi 40 tudi, cd kinh nghiem nam trd ldn khu vuc tu nhan hoac dan cu chid'm 10% b Thi tuyen Qua k i t h i song song Ba k i thi ddu tuan thii triet l y : kidn thiic viing vang d cang nhieu l i n h vuc cang tdt C i c thf sinh phai thi mqt sd mdn: - Luat cdng - K i n h te' ( v i md, v i m d , kinh te' chinh tri, tai chfnh cdng, c i c van de xa hdi, luat xa hdi, bao hiem xa hdi) - M d t dd'n hai ngoai ngii - M d n d i n h gia trinh dp van h o i chung (ldi ndi, van ban ) - K i t h i v i n dap Day la mdn thi de nha trudng hieu v i ngudi cdng chdc lai thi vao E N A , xem nang luc lam vide cua hp Cudng dp thi cd r i t cang t h i n g , t u i n , cd tdi k i thi viet g i n 25 tidng ddng hd T h i cu dai ddng va cang t h i n g nhu vay la nha trudng mudn tuyen nhung thi sinh td't nhat, cd kha nang chiu dung nhieu ap luc n h i t cdng vide K h i vao ENA du trudc dd d dau, t h i hpc vien ciia ENA duqc coi la cdng chuc, duqc hudng luong c Chuang trinh hoc tap 27 t h i n g (tuong duong nam hqc d Vidt Nam), duqc chia k i gidng nhau, cd sir lua chqn chuyen mdn tdng hqc vidn quye't dinh TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NU6C - SO 155 (12-2008) NHlN RA NUdC NGOAI Ba chti de giang day chinh la chau A u , lanh thd, quan ly cong Ngoai ra, hoc vien phai thirc hien mot chirong trinh thirc tap rat nghiem tiic Qua trinh thirc tap la qua trinh ngudi hoc lam cong tac thuc su, gan gui vdi cac cong chiic cua he thdng hanh chinh, mat khac, tao quan he lau dai sau bd nhiem ddi, nhung Chinh phu khdng thay ddi quye't dinh Do each dao tao, danh gia va bd nhiem nhu vay, nen hqc vien hqc d E N A d i u b i i t : mud'n vao E N A phai lam gi? K h i se lam gi? H q rat cd gdng e Bang cdp D d i vdi ngudi hqc la ngudi Phdp, E N A khdng cap bdng Trudng E N A cd dac biet: khdng cd giao vien, khdng cd chuong trinh, khdng cd bdng ca'p; dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai, td't nghiep d E N A duqc nhan bdng Thac sy hdnh chinh cdng; cdng dan chau A u mud'n hqc phai thi nhu ngudi Phap Dd'i vdi cac nude khdc, phai su dung cac co quan ngoai giao Phap, cac Sii quan Phap d cdc nude sd tai ddn nhan cac t h i sinh d i n dang k i , lam cdc bai thi, gdi v i E N A , E N A td chdc cham, so tuyen hoac cir ngudi d i n true t i i p phdng van, quay video dua v i Phap de Hdi ddng chdm Trong thuc tap, hqc vien duqc quan sat cac thi du cu the nhu thuc thi quyen luc, ddi mdi cong viec, dqng vien, dam phan, quan he vdi ddi tac xa hqi, giai quyet khiing hoang; ddng thdi, thuc hien mqt sd nhiem vu theo nhung yeu cau nhat dinh Dac diem cua viec hqc tap d E N A la cu the (tinh hudng) chd khdng chung chung nhu ben M y (do cac giao su soan ra) V i du, day cho hqc vien soan thao bai d i i n van ciia bd trudng, dai dien ciia Phap tai Lien hqp qudc, chuan bi ly le cho mdt bd trudng O E N A , khdng cd giao su, giao vien chuyen trach ciia trudng, ta't ca deu mdi giang, nhung ngudi duqc mdi la cac cong chiic cao cap, nhung nguoi cd kinh nghiem thuc t i i n quan ly nha nude Hqc vien E N A x u ly cac tinh hudng nhu la ngudi cdng chiic dang x u ly thuc sir De lam duqc viec dd ngudi hqc duqc cung cap ddy dii tai lieu nhu that, sau k h i hoan se duqc cdng bd d Ddnh gid ket qud hoc tap Viec danh gia ke't qua hqc tap ndi chung va cac de an thuc tap ndi rieng ddi vdi hqc vien ENA deu mdt Ban giam khao ddc lap vdi ENA thuc hien, ke't qua danh gia se diing de xep loai hqc vien Trong liic ay, chieu vdi nhu cau tuyen dung cua Chinh phu de bd nhiem Ngudi hqc gidi thi bd nhiem cao va hq cd quyen lua chqn noi lam viec T r u d n g dir b i hanh chinh va dao tao nhan sur hanh c h i n h Trong dao tao cdng chdc cac cdp d Phdp, ngodi E N A la trudng dao tao cdng chiic cao ca'p, cdn cd he thd'ng truong dao tao cac loai cdng chiic khdc gqi la Trudng du bi hanh chinh M d i vung d Phdp cd mdt truong du bi hanh chinh Nhiem vu ciia trudng dai hqc la chuan bi cho sinh vien, cdng chiic thi vao cdng chdc cao cap (nhung chua cd trinh dd hqc d E N A ) O n h i i u npi, cdc trudng gdn vdi Vien Chinh tri O Pa-ri, ' trudng da duqc lap 30 nam va k i t hqp vdi Dai hqc Luat Pa-ri de dao tao cdng chdc t i i n cdng vu d Bd nhiem sau hodn khod hoc: Hqc vien duqc phan loai va xep thii tir Hq duqc phep lua chqn v i t r i cdng chiic ma Chinh phii cd nhu cau (hqc vien lua chon chii khdng phai co quan lua chqn) Ve diem nay, nhieu co quan de nghi thay TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NU6C - SO 155 (12-2008) Cd the t i m hieu vai net he thd'ng trudng qua Trudng dao tao t i i n cdng vu Pa-ri (Institute Preparation a L'Administration Genirole, vie't tdt IPAG) Ddu vao ciia Trudng la sinh vien td't nghiep luat, chinh t r i va thi vdo hanh chinh nhung chua phai la thac si; cac cdng chiic duong nhiem d i hqc de thi nang bac cdng chdc; cdng chdc da cd bdng cap hanh chinh (nhung chua phai cua E N A ) Thdi 59 NHlN RA NL/CfC NGOAI gian hoc: nam Trirong dirge phep cap bang (theo giay phep cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao) d trinh sau: thac si hanh chinh cong cho cac sinh vien dau vao co the da tdt nghiep dai hoc cac nganh: van khoa, xa hoi hoc, chinh tri hoc ; cir nhan ve hanh chinh cho nhirng sinh vien co trinh dp thong trung hpc va phai hpc nam Sinh vien den day td nhieu vung khac Ngoai ra, Trudng thuc hien cac khoa dac biet lien quan den nhiing chu de cu the; co the k i vdi cac bp danh cho mpt nhom cong chdc sap thi mpt k i thi dac biet nao hoac dao tao ngan cho cong chiic cua cac bp , Trudng khong co giao vien chuyen trach, diing hon la chi co ngudi: vu truong phu trach hpc tap; mpt giao vien (luat), mpt vu trudng vu dao tao Hang nam, Trudng m d i hang tram giang vien t u cac trudng dai hpc, cac cong chdc co trinh dp chuyen mon den giang bai Day vda la mpt kho khan, nhung thuan l p i la Trudng co quyen chu dqng lua chqn giao vien Phuong phap hqc tap: M p t nua thdi gian hpc ly thuyet; nua thdi gian lai day cac phuong phap luyen tap, t h i c u hoac to chiic cac hpi thao de hqc sinh noi, trinh bay nhdng van de lien quan Luong cua giang vien Bp Giao due va Dao tao quyet dinh, tinh theo g i d voi 57 euro/gid, khong phan biet theo hqc ham, hqc v i ma chi phan biet theo loai ldp V i du, luyen thi cho thi van dap chi 44 euro/gid Nude Phap la mqt nude cd nen hanh chinh duqc td chdc chat che, mang tinh chuyen nghiep D q i ngu cong chdc duqc phat hien, tuyen chqn, dao tao, sir dung rat bai ban Dieu dang chii y la qua trinh quan ly nhan su hanh chinh kha hien dai, khoa hqc, gdn rat chat v d i nhiing muc tieu thuc t i i n ciia Nha nude Phap, he thdng cac trudng dao tao va nhirng dqng co thang tien ciia ca nhan Nen hanh chinh Phap va hieu qua ciia nd, chdc chdn cd the cd nhieu van de, nhung nhung kinh nghiem cong ciia nd rat dang de chiing ta nghien ciiuQ *+L* v-'* ml* ' *t* "T* "I* *I* **• *I* fcT v^' vt* T m CAC TIEU CHI DANH GIA (Tiep theo trang 41) vuc khac nhau, cd cdc tieu chi khdc de danh gia qua trinh Tuy theo tdng linh vuc hoat dqng cu the ma thiet lap mqt he thdng cdc tieu chi danh gia thich hqp Tuy nhien, cung cd cac tieu chi danh gia chung cho m o i cdng sd nhu dan chii va cdng bdng cdc quan he nhan su cdng sd; cdng khai, minh bach ve thdng tin; each ling xir lich thiep va ddng cam vdi khach hang; tin cay va sdn sang phuc vu; su hai long cdng viec ciia nhan vien, su hai long ciia khdch hang 60 T d m lai, danh gia ket qua hoat ddng ciia cdng sd la mdt ndi dung rat quan trqng ciia dieu hanh, nd giiip cdc nha dieu hanh nhan thdc duqc cdng sd dang d dau va la co sd cho viec dua cac giai phap nhdm cai thien ket qua hoat dqng ciia cdng sd Tuy nhien, m d i cdng sd can cd vao linh vuc hoat ddng va dac diem van hda ciia minh ma xay dung cac tieu c h i danh gid cu the cho phu hqp Dieu quan trqng la thdng qua viec xay dung cac tieu c h i va danh gia ket qua hoat ddng theo cac tieu chi dd se cai thien thay v i lam xau d i ket qua hoat ddng ciia cdng s d G TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NUOC - SO 155 (12-2008) ... thdng nha''t cong chdc cao cap cho nude Phap Tuyen sinh thong qua canh tranh cong khai Trudc dd cac bp tuyen dung tien Tir sau nam 1945, E N A dao tao dac thii cho cong chdc cao cap Trudc dd, cong... nhiem cao va hq cd quyen lua chqn noi lam viec T r u d n g dir b i hanh chinh va dao tao nhan sur hanh c h i n h Trong dao tao cdng chdc cac cdp d Phdp, ngodi E N A la trudng dao tao cdng chiic cao. .. ly nhan su va muc tieu hien dai hoa cdng tac nhan su ciia Phap La mdt co sd dao tao cdng chiic cao cap ciia Phdp - Trudng Hdnh chinh Qud''c gia Phap ( E N A ) , ddng vai trd quan trqng ddi mdi