Khoa hoc Gido due — ''''̂ l̂i&s XAY DI/NG MOI QUAN HE GIUfA CONG NGHE THONG TIN VA TRUYEN THONG VGfl GIAO DUC TRONG XU THE HOI NHAP • TS NGO Tlir THANH Hqc vien Cdng nghe Buu chinh Vien thdng Gidi thieu[.]
— '^^li&s Khoa hoc Gido due- XAY DI/NG MOI QUAN HE GIUfA CONG NGHE THONG TIN VA TRUYEN THONG VGfl GIAO DUC TRONG XU THE HOI NHAP • TS NGO Tlir THANH Hqc vien Cdng nghe Buu chinh Vien thdng Gidi thieu Cdng nghe Thdng Tin va Truyen Thdng (goi t i t la ICT) da trd mdt yeu td then ehdt lam thay ddi the gidi ndi chung va dac biet eho giao due, ICT gid day da trd nen quen thudc eae trudng hoe d Viet Nam, nhUng hien tai tiem thUe nhieu ngUdi van coi ICT ehi la mdt edng eu, mdt nganh hoe, ehUa thay duoe mdi quan he va su "ehuyen hda" sau sae giUa ICT va giao due (GD) Ndi dung bai viet se tnnh bay co sd li luan cue mdi quan he glCfa ICT va giao due de tu dd dinh hudng eho sU phat tnen eiia giao due va ICT bdi canh toan cau hda hien Nhan thuc mdi ve vai tro ICT giao due ICT dang lam nen mdt eude ddi mdi manh me giao due, tao Cdng nghe giao dijc (Educational Technology) vdi nhieu tUu rue rd bao gdm: Cdng nghe day va hqc (Teaching and Learning Technology): Lam thay ddi ndi dung, phuang phap day va phUOng phap hoc vdi nhieu hinh thUe phong phu Mdi giao luu giua may va ngudi da trd tUPng tac hai ehieu vdi nhieu phuong tien truyen thdng (multimedia) la am tieng ndi, hinh anh, phim,, ma dinh eao la hoe tren mang Internet (e-learning) Nhd ed edng nghe mdi ma giao due da ed the thue hien nhung tieu ehi mdi: hoe moi noi (anywhere), hoe moi lue (anytime), hoe moi thQ (on anythings), hoe mdt each md va mem deo sudt ddi (open and flexible lifelong learning) nhd td ehUe viee hoc tren mang Internet (e-learning) Nhu vay ve ban ehat, qua trinh day va hpe la qua tnnh: thdng tin va truyen thdng Thdng tin la ndi dung bai giang va th thQc can truyen dat Qua trinh trao ddi thdng tin (truyen thdng) la qua trinh trao ddi giua thay va trd, giua ngUdi hoe vdi 14 eae ngudn tu lieu hoe tap Cdng nghe quan li giao diJc (Education Management Technology): Lam thay dd'i eung each dieu hanh va quan li giao due, hd trp cdng eude eai each hanh chinh de lam viee hieu qua hon (kinh te, thdi gian, thdng tin, tn thde) va quan li qua trinh hpe tap (Learning management) Nhu vay ve ban chai, quan li glao due cung la: thdng tin va truyen thdng Cae thdng tin phan anh hinh anh thUc trang cua giao due Qua tnnh tim hieu n i m bat hinh anh gdc qua eae bao eao la qua trinh trao ddi thdng tin de cae quyet dinh Cdng nghe day va hpe se hd tro true tiep qua trinh hoe tap eua ngudi hoc edng nghe quan li giao due la phan hd tro gian tiep eho qua trinh hpe tap Song ea hai deu anh hudng den ket qua eua ngudi hoc Don cQ la neu td ehue va quan li thi, danh gia khdng tdt thi moi nd lUc hoc tap cua ngudi hoe eung nhu nd lUc day hoe eua thay se cd the trd vd nghTa diem eua ngudi no rap vao ngudi TU nhung phan tich tren, chUng ta cQng phai nhanh ehdng thay ddi nhan thQc ve vai trd ciia ICT dd'i vdi giao due TU eho eoi ICT ehi la mot nganh hpe ehuyen sang nhan thQc /C7"/a cdng cu eho moi eude ddl mai giao due cho moi nganh moi bae hoe NhUng ICT khdng ehi gidi han nhu vay, dieu quan trpng nhat la ICT da dem den mdt tai nguyen giao due cho tat ea moi ngudi, lam cho vai trd eua giao vien thay ddi (thien ve phia ngUdi hudng dan), ngudi hoe eo the phat huy tinh tich eUc tu truy cap vao ngudn tai nguyen hoe tap vd cung phong phU P tren mang Internet (e-learning) moi lue, moi npi, moi thu, cho mpi loai hinh giao due chinh qui hay khdng ehinh qui, ngoai khoa, Od la eae tieu ehi mdi CLia giao diJc ma tQ trade tdi ehua bao gid cd the dat duoc Vi vay tu chd nghe thay ICT la nghT den viec dao tao ngudn nhan luc cdng KHGD so , thdng - 2009 j^ghiet^'cOru nghe thdng tin va truyen thdng thi chung ta se phai nhin ICT b i n g m i t khac: quyen duac hudng qua each mang ICT ciia tat ca moi ngUdi, moi nganh va dd tat ea deu phai sQ dung den ICT Cung vdi kha nang sQ dung tie'ng Anh, kT nang sQ dung ICT eiia mdi ngUdi dan la mdt nhung tieu chi quan tao nen ldp ngUdi mdi xu the toan cau hda Lam the nao de ed kT nang sQ dung ICT tdt? dd ehinh la nhiem vu eua nganh giao due va dao tao, Tdm lai ICT tae ddng den giao due va giao due ed nhiem vu dao tao kT nang ICT eho moi ngUdi, mdi quan he giua ICTvdi giao due da ed bude thay ddi ve "ehat" va khdng the tach rdi nhau, cimg tdn tai va phat then theo tinh than 'lay sQc manh tQ cdng nghe, nang luong tU thdng tin va cheo lai b i n g kien thue"[6], Su vudng viu va ehuyen hda giUa ICT va giao due cd the bieu dien qua hinh anh dUdi: Hinh Su vudng viu va chuyen hda giUa ICT va glao due Xay dung md hinh he thdng giao due mdi tren nen tang li thuyet thong tin * Cd sd li thuyet thdng tin ciia CE Shannon giao due Trong edng trinh nghien eUu 'Li thuyet thdng tin "nam 1948, CE.Shannon da chQng minh mdt loat dinh li ma hda, tao tien de cho bude dot pha ITnh vUe phat tnen ICT sudt 60 nam qua Ban chat eiia giao due theo quan diem mdi eung KHGD so 47, thdng - 2009 •Khoa hoc Gido due la he thdng truyen tin nen ket qua nghien euU li thuyet thdng tin giang day phu hop vdi eae ket qua nghien euu eiia eae nha giao due Ngoai li thuye't thdng tin eiia CE.Shannon edn giup eae nha giao due hoan thien eo sd li luan eiia minh mpt each he thdng va md mdt hudng nghien cifu mdi day trien vong viee Ung dung li thuyet eiia Shannon GD Nhu vay de nang eao su truyen tai thdng tin mdt each hieu qua qua trinh giang day can phai xay dung nd tren nen tang '11 thuyet thdng tin" cita CE.Shannon, Theo quan diem he thdng thdng tin, giao due, ngudn tin la tap hpp eae thdng tin can thiet duac truyen tai de dat dUde eae yeu eau giang day Thdng tin dUOe lUu tru saeh, eae dung eu giang day va ca dau giao vien, Giao vien va he thdng boat ddng eiia giao vien ehinh la kenh thdng tin, nd dap Ung nhiem vu truyen tin bing anh sang va am la phUdng tien truyen dan Ndi nhan tin ehinh la ngudi hoe, ngudi nhan tin thdng tin giao due Ban chat ciia viee nghien cUti he thdng giao due la nghien cUu ve thdng tin, truyen tai va xQ li thdng tin Oe nang eao chat luong giao due viee giang day, viee trude tien phai nang eao hieu qua giang day ciia giao vien (dau phat tin), vi giao vien la ngudi dan dUdng eho sinh vien (SV) tim kiem tri thUe, la ngudi gan ket giua day va hoe he thdng thdng tin giao due, Tiep den la nang eao hieu qua tiep thu eua SV (dau thu tin), bdi vi qua tnnh hoe ciia SV d trudng chiem vi tri het sue quan trong, la noi tiep nhan thdng tin, ket qua hoe tap eiia SV se phan anh ket qua eiia qua trinh dao tao Tiep theo la nang eao mUe dd thich nghi va hieu qua eiia su ket hdp giua day va hpe, vi qua tnnh n i m sU ket hop nang ddng giUa day va hpe Bang phuong phap khoa hoe nhu vay, giao vien mdi ed the dieu khien qua tnnh day va nhan biet duoe hieu qua qua trinh giang day Odi vdi nhieu tU nhien gay dn qua tnnh giang day, ap dung truyen tai lap di lap lai cac y ehinh, kiem tra su truyen tai bing bien phap ma hda sQa sai (CRC - cyclic redundancy cheek), Odi vdi nhieu ehii quan, phai dieu ehinh cam xUc nham tang suehu y va tiep nhan eiia SV de giam bdt su hieu sai 15 N g h i e n :ihi Khoa hoc Gido dueThay (ngudi phat tin) phai ed lUPng thdng tin tieh luy duthUa eao so voi yeu eau eua trd (ngudi nhan tin) Trong thUe tien giang day ed nghTa ia tranh tmh trang "com cham com" Mud'n truyen kien thUe den trd viee dau tien la lUdng kien thUe "^Vri^i'f: eua thay phai Idn hdn rat nhieu so vdi lUpng kien thue eiia trd, sau dd mdi ndi den phuong phap giang day, kmh nghiem giang day, kha nang dien dat thdng tin , Thay (ngUdi phat tin) phai n i m vung ddi RrS^tll-ll PfPSffU.Hion Cr.?,it Mi Orq-imzition G>th?(inq [;.(