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Khoa hoc Gido due T H U C T R A N G C O SGf, N G A N H D A O T A O K I S U L A M N G H I E P V A M O T S O V A N D E D O I M O I D A O T A O K I S U L A M N G H I E P V l t T N A M • ThS NGUYEN XUAN B[.]
Khoa hoc Gido due T H U C T R A N G C O SGf, N G A N H D A O T A O K I S U L A M N G H I E P V A M O T SO V A N DE DOI M O I DAO TAO K I S U L A M NGHIEP V l t T N A M • ThS NGUYEN XUAN BAO Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam Tong quan ve nganh Lam nghiep Viet Nam Viet Nam co tdng dien tich td nhien la 33,12 trieu ha, dd 12,61 trieu dien tich cd rung va 6,16 trieu dat trdng ddi nui troc la ddi tddng cua san xuat lam ndng nghiep Nhd vay, nganh Lam nghiep da va dang thdc hien hoat dpng quan li va san xuat tren dien tich dat Idn nhat cac nganh kinh te qudc dan Dien tich dat lam nghiep phan bd chu yed tren cac vung ddi nui cua ca nddc Day cung la ndi sinh song cua 25 trieu ngddi vdi nhieu dan tpc thieu so cd trinh dp dan tri thap, phddng thdc canh tac lac hau, kinh te cham phat trien va ddi song nhieu khd khan Day la mpt nhdng nganh dac biet khd khan gan vdi ngddi dan song d mien nui, xa xdi, ddi song thap, vi vay khd thu hut dddc ngddi di hpc va lao dpng kT thuat cd trinh dd chuyen mdn va tay nghe cao Nghe rdng khong nhdng tao cac san pham hang hda va dich vu ddng gdp cho nen kinh te qudc dan ma cd vai tro quan trong bao ve moi trddng nhd phdng hp dau nguon, gid dat, gid nddc, dieu hoa hau , gdp phan bao ve an ninh qudc gia, dac biet ddi vdi bao ve bien gidi, hai dao; gdp phan quan trong viec cai thien ddi song, xda ddi, giam ngheo cho ngddi dan ndng thdn va mien nui Muc tieu cua Chien Idpc phat then nganh Lam nghiep Viet Nam 2006-2011 la: Thiet lap, quan li, bao ve, phat then va sd dung ben vdng 16,24 trieu dat ddpc quy hoach cho lam nghiep; nang ti le dat cd rdng len 42 - 43% vao nam 2010 va 47% vao nam 2020; dam bao cd sd tham gia rpng rai hon cda cac phan kinh te va td chdc xa hpi vao cac hoat dpng lam nghiep nham dong gdp cang tang vao qua trinh phat then kinh te - xa hpi, bao ve mdi trddng sinh thai, bao ton da dang sinh hpc, cung cap cac d|ch vu mdi trddng, xda doi giam ngheo, KHGD so 53, thdng - 2010 nang cao mdc song cho ngddi dan nong thdn mien nui va gdp phan gid vdng an ninh qudc phong Trddc yeu cau to Idn cua viec phat then nguon nhan Idc kT thuat nham thdc hien sd nghiep cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda nganh Lam nghiep, thi giao due dao tao ndi chung, giao due dai hpc ndi rieng gid mpt vai tro quan De dap dng viec chuyen ddi cd cad kinh te lam nghiep, cdng tac dao tao nhan Idc kT thuat lam nghiep can phai dddc da'y manh ca ve so Iddng va chat Iddng; cd cau nganh nghe phai phu hpp vdi nhu cau sd dung lao dpng cua cac doanh nghiep, ngddi sd dung lao dpng cua nganh Lam nghiep nhd: cac tdng cdng ty, cdng ty; nong lam trddng; nha may, xi nghiep; cac hpp tac xa; chu trang trai; hp gia dinh Thdc trang cd sd va nganh dao tao kT sd lam nghiep d Viet Nam 2.1 Cac co so dao tao kisulam nghiep d Viet Nam Hien nay, d Viet Nam cd co sd dao tao kT sd lam nghiep (KSLN) (xem bang 1) vdi 15 nganh hpc, dd Trddng Dai hpc Lam nghiep Viet Nam la trddng dao tao hang dau ve so Iddng nganh hpc cung nhd qui mo tuyen sinh Cac trddng dai hpc khac phan Idn la mdi dao tao hoac dao tao KSLN chi la mpt khoa trddng dai hoc da nganh 2.2 Cac nganh dao tao ki sulam nghiep d Viet Nam Hien nay, cd sd dao tao KSLN dang dao tao 15 nganh hpc, tuyen sinh td khdi A, B (xem bang 2) Tai Quyet dinh so 38/2009/QD-TTg 9/3/2009 cua Thu tddng Chinh phu ve viec ban hanh Bang danh muc giao due, dao tao cua he thdng giao due qudc dan, ban hanh kem theo Quyet dinh Bang danh muc giao due, dao tao cua he thdng giao due qudc dan quy dinh: 43 hien curu curNghien Khoa hoc Gido due Bang f: Cac co so dao tao kT sulam nghiep o Viet Nam Ten trudng dai hoc TT Dai hpc Lam nghiep Viet Nam Dai hpc Nong lam Thai Nguyen Dai hoc Tay Bac Dai hpc Hong Ddc Dai hoc Nong Lam Hue Dai hpc Tay Nguyen Dai hoc Nong Lam TP Hd Chi Minh TT " ~7~ " 10 11 12 13 14 15 SdlUdng nganh dao tao KSLN - Thi tran Xuan Mai, ChUdng My 15 TP Ha Npi - Cd sd 2: Tri tran Trang Bom, tinh Dong Nai PhUdng Md Bach, TP Thai Nguyen PhUdng Quyet Tam, Thanh phd Sdn La, tinh Sdn La Thanh phd Thanh Hoa, tinh Thanh Hoa 102 Phung Hdng, phd Hue, tinh Thda Thien - Hue 567 dudng Le Duan- Tp Budn Ma Thupt, tinh Dac Lak PhUdng Linh Trung, quan Thu Ddc, Tp Hd Chi Minh Dja chi Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT Dai hpc Thai Nguyen Bp Giao due va Dao tao UBND tinh Thanh Hoa Bp Giao due va Dao tao Bp Giao due va Dao tao Bp Giao due va Dao tao Bang 2: Cac nganh hoc dang duoc dao tao tai co sd dao tao KSLN Ma nganh Khoi thi Nganh hoc Che bien lam san 101 A Thiet ke che tao san pham moc & noi that 104 A Cd gidi hoa lam nghiep 103 A Cong thon 102 A 105 KT thuat xay dung cong trinh A KT thuat cd 106 A Lam hoc 301 A, B Quan li bao ve tai nguyen rung va moi trddng 302 A, B Khoa hoc moi trddng 306 A, B Cong nghe sinh hpc 307 A, B Khuyen nong va Phat trien nong thon 308 A, B Lam nghiep xa hoi 303 A, B Lam nghiep thi 304 A, B Nong lam ket hdp 305 A, B Lam nghiep 310 A,B Cap I Trinh dp giao due, dao tao; Cap II LTnh vue giao due, dao tao; Cap III Nhdm chUdng trinh, nhom nganh nhdm nghe giao due dao tao Trong do: Cap I Dai hpc ma 52 Cap II Nong, lam nghiep, thuy san ma 5262 Cap III: Lam nghiep ma 526202 gdm cac nganh sau: KT thuat lam sinh; Di truyen va chpn gidng cay lam 44 Ddn vj chu quan nghiep; Dieu tra va quy hoach rdng; Dat lam nghiep; Quan li bao ve tai nguyen rUng; Che bien lam san; Theo dd thao kem theo cdng van sd 6438/BGDDT-GDDH 31/7/ 2009 cua Bp Giao due va Dao tao thi 52602 - Lam nghiep gdm nganh: 52620201 - Lam nghiep; KHGD so 53, thdng 2-2010 52620202 - Lam nghiep dd thi; 52620203 - Lam nghiep xa hpi; 52620204 - Hoa vien; 52620205 Lam sinh; 52620210 - Nong lam nghiep Ngoai ra, theo dd thao, ma 525403 gom nganh: 52540301 - Cong nghe che bien lam san; 52540303 - Cong nghe che bien go Nhu vay, nganh dao tao KSLN hien co 15 nganh, nhung dd thao cua Bp GD va OT chi co nganh, nhung ten gpi cua cac nganh cung rat khac nhau, vi vay cac co sd dao tao KSLN can xem xet, de xuat, dieu chinh danh muc dao tao nham dap dng nhu cau cua Chien lupc phat then Nganh Lam nghiep den 2020 va nhung nam tiep theo De xuat muc tieu, nguyen tac, phat trien KSLN d Viet Nam tien trinh hoi nhap qudc te Trong bdi canh dat nUdc chu dpng, tich cue hpi nhap qudc te va la vien cua WTO, trudc xu the toan cau hda, nen kinh te van hanh theo cd che thi trudng djnh hudng XHCN, mpi ITnh vUc dd cd giao due cung phai van dpng va phai chju nhieu tac dpng td hpi nhap, td cd che thj trddng va tU qua trinh xa hpi hda, toan cau hda dang dien cang sau rpng Trong budi ddi thoai trdc tuyen "Giao due Dao tao Viet Nam trudc them nam hpc mdi", Phd ThCi tudng Chinh phd, Bp trudng Bp GD-DT Nguyen Thien Nhan da bay td: "Dieu tran trd cua toi luc la yeu cau hpi nhap qudc te rat quyet liet, neu nganh giao due khong cd phuong phap vUa dot pha, vUa phat then theo chien lupc ddng bp thi chung ta cd the lam Id cO hpi phat then cua dat nude." Nhu vay, hpi nhap qudc te la tat yeu, giao due dai hpc ndi chung, dac biet la dao tao nguon nhan Idc trinh dp dai hpc ndi rieng la vd cung quan trong, dd cd dao tao kT sU lam nghiep dap Ung yeu cau phat then cua nganh Lam nghiep tien trinh hpi nhap qudc te Xuat phat tU yeu cau nhan Idc cua Chien lupc phat then nganh Lam nghiep den nam 2020 va thuc trang co sd, nganh dao tao KSLN hien nay, chung tdi de xua't muc tieu, nguyen tac phat then nhan Idc KSLN Viet Nam tien trinh hpi nhap qudc te nhu sau: 3.1 Muc tieu phat trien kT su lam nghiep CO cau, nganh nghe lao dpng nganh KHGD so 53, thang - 2010 lam nghiep nUdc ta dang thay ddi, doi hdi cac co sd dao tao nhan Idc lam nghiep phai thay ddi de dap Ung day du va kjp thdi, cd cau phu hpp nguon nhan Idc, dac biet la nguon nhan Idc lam nghiep trinh dp dai hpc cho cac doanh nghiep, td chUc lam nghiep Nhu cau KSLN the hien tren ca ba mat: quy md, co cau va chat lupng, vi vay muc tieu phat then nguon nhan Idc phai dap dng dupe nhu cau thj trudng lao dpng lam nghiep ve ca ba mat dd tdng giai doan phat then Cu the: - Ve qui md: Tang nhanh Idc lupng KSLN phu hdp vdi tdng nganh, nghe cu the cua tUng ITnh vUc lam nghiep nhu: qui hoach, phat then lam nghiep; kT thuat lam sinh; kT thuat tao gidng; kT thuat mdi trudng rdng; quan li, bao ve rdng; lam nghiep xa hpi; ndng lam ket hpp; phat then nong thon, mien nui; khai thac, che bien lam san - Ve cd cau nganh nghe: Hddng tdi dat ti le phu hpp gida KSLN vdi kT thuat vien/ cdng nhan kT thuat/ nhan vien lam nghiep cd ti le cac loai nghe chuyen mdn va cd ti le dp tudi cung nhd gidi tinh phu hpp vdi dieu kien lam viec cua tdng nhdm nganh, nghe nganh lam nghiep Dac biet, can xem xet, trinh Bp GD va OT ban hanh nam 2010 cac nganh dao tao KSLN can thiet, phu hpp vdi sd phat then cua cac ITnh vdc nganh Lam nghiep Viet Nam; - Ve chat lupng: + KSLN phai cd kien thdc, kT nang va thai dp nghe nghiep can thiet, phu hpp Kien thdc phai ddpc cap nhat, kT nang phai ddpc chu dao tao, bdi dddng thddng xuyen va nang cao thdc tiln; tac phong cong nghiep, dao ddc nghe nghiep can dddc lien tuc khuyen khich, ren dua, phat trien gan vdi tdng ITnh vdc lam nghiep + TU nam 2009 can xem xet, dieu chinh, bd sung lai muc tieu, npi dung cac chddng trinh khung, chddng trinh dao tao KSLN theo hudng chuyen ddi td phUdng thdc dao tao nien che sang dao tao theo he thdng tin chi, dao tao theo nang Idc thdc hien Thdi gian dao tao chuan cd the rut ngan xudng - nam, lien thdng vdi he thdng GDNN va sau dai hpc 3.2 Nguyen fad phat then dao tao kT su lam nghiep 45 Viec phat then dao tao KSLN can tuan thu cac nguyen tac sau day: * Xuat phat td nhu cau thi trudng lao dong lam nghiep va cung dng thong qua thj trudng lao dpng: Viec cung dng nguon nhan luc lam nghiep can dupe van hanh theo cd che cua thj trddng lao dpng, bao gdm cd che tien Iddng, cd che cung cau va cd che canh tranh Oe cd nguon KSLN sin sang cung dng thi thi trudng lao dpng lam nghiep can phai phat trien cac loai hinh djch vu dao tao va ngoai cac cd sd dao tao kT sd lam nghiep Nhd vay, day chuyen sd dung - cung dng - dao tao phai van hanh can ddi va nhjp nhang thi mdi dat hieu qua cao, tao dieu kien phat then nganh lam nghiep ma khong gay bat on xa hpi (that nghiep) Thj trddng lao dpng cung nhd thj trddng lao dpng lam nghiep la thj trddng md ca nddc, qudc te bdi canh toan cau hoa, va ddi hdi phai nhanh chdng nang cao nang Idc canh tranh gan vdi nong thon, mien nui, cd cd che khuyen khich thu hut dao dao nguon nhan Idc dap dng nhu cau phat then nganh Lam nghiep bdi canh hpi nhap qudc te * Dam bao cdng bang XH tdng giai doan phat then cua Nganh lam nghiep: Viec sd dung va cung Ung nguon KSLN neu chi ddn thuan theo cd che thj trddng, thi dieu kien lam viec thddng d cac vung mien nui, xa xdi, nganh lam nghiep se khd thu hut ddpc nhan tai vao dao tao va lam viec Vi vay, can cd sd can thiep cua Chinh phu de khac phuc cac khd khan dd cua thj trddng lao dpng lam nghiep, thong qua mpt loat chinh sach ve tuyen dung, dao tao, tien Iddng va ve cac loai bao hiem, ke ca that nghiep Nddc ta la nddc dang phat then, dd cang can cham lo dam bao cong bang xa hpi khong chi ve mat chinh sach ma quan hdn, la ve td chdc thdc hien cac chinh sach dd, tdc la phai xay ddng the che va nang Idc thdc thi the che ndi chung va ITnh vdc lao dpng lam nghiep ndi rieng * Xay ddng dpng Idc lam viec cao cho kT sd lam nghiep Nguon nhan Idc lam nghiep ndi chung va KSLN ndi rieng la nguon nhan Idc lao dpng quan trong, trdc tiep cac doanh nghiep, td chdc 46 lam nghiep cua cac phan kinh te de lam san pham cua cai cho xa hpi, cho dat nddc Vi vay, can phai tao cho nguon nhan Idc dpng Idc lam viec cao, cd nhd vay mdi phat then manh me dddc nganh Lam nghiep Viet Nam Dpng Idc lam viec cao the hien lao dpng td nguyen, cd ki luat, chu dpng va sang tao, khong dao dpng trddc cac thach thdc, khd khan cua Nganh Lam nghiep Mudn tao ddpc dpng Idc lam viec cao cho KSLN, can cd chinh sach: - Thu lao thda dang, bao gdm tien Iddng, tien thddng va cac che dp bao hiem, di ddi vdi viec danh gia va khen thddng kip thdi; - Tao cO hpi thang tien nghe nghiep thdng qua dao tao lien tuc, dao tao nang cao, tuyen chpn cong bang; - Tap hpp nguon nhan Idc vao cac td chdc nghe nghiep nhd cong doan, hpi lam nghiep va cac td chdc quan chung khac nham mpt mat bao ve quyen Ipi chinh dang, cham lo nang cao trinh dp va dao ddc nghe nghiep, mat khac xay ddng y thdc tap the niem td hao nghe nghiep va tinh yeu To qudc; - Trong dung nhan tai, cac nha khoa hpc dau nganh, kTsd trddng, kT thuat vien lanh nghe va cdng nhan kT thuat cd tay nghe cao Cd chinh sach thu hut cac nha khoa hpc, cong nghe lam nghiep gidi d nddc va qudc te 3.3 Nguyen tSc dao tao kT sit lam nghiep Trong kinh te thj trddng, cdng tac dao tao KSLN can tuan thu hai nguyen tac quan sau: * Dao tao phai sat hpp vdi nhu cau ciia thi trddng sd dung nhan Idc Thdc hien ddpc nguyen tac dao tao sat hpp nhu cau khong phai la dieu d l dang Vi, se ddc tinh ddpc nhu cau dd? Ai se phan bd nhu cau dd cho cac cd sd dao tao? Nhu cau ve KSLN bao gdm nhu cau ve sd Idpng, ve ITnh vdc, nganh, vay mdi nganh, ITnh vdc lam nghiep tai mdi thdi diem can dao tao bao nhieu KSLN va yeu cau chat Idpng sao? Trong dieu kien hien nay, de cd the dap Ung linh hoat nhu cau sd dung lao dpng tdong lai thi npi dung dao tao KSLN phai co ban va da nang hon, vdi nganh nghe rpng hon Cac phan nganh dao tao hep nhd hien nen ddpc dieu chinh tren cd sd tham khao kinh nghiem dao tao cua KHGD sd 53, thdng - 2010 O T t o Nghien curu cac nude co thi trddng phat trien Mat khac, cac doanh nghiep lam nghiep trudc day vdn theo chuyen nganh hep, cung dang chuyen sang da nang, linh hoat hdn, vi vay cang can den loai kT su lam nghiep chuyen nganh thich hdp hdn Cac du bao ve nguon nhan luc cua cac CO quan quan li Nha nude du cung chi giup dieu tiet vT md cdng tac dao tao Dao tao KSLN sat hdp nhat vdi thi trddng la dao tao theo dat hang cua ngddi sddung lao dong Chinh vi vay, mudn thdc hien nguyen tac dao tao sat hdp thi trddng thi cdng tac dao tao KSLN phai dddc xa hoi hda de cd sd dao tao cd dieu kien va cd dong Idc nam bat kip thdi cac nhu cau dao tao da dang va thudng xuyen bien dong cua thi trudng * Xa hoi hoa dao tao kT sU lam nghiep Luat Giao due 2005 (Dieu 12) cua nUdc ta da tao khudn khd phap li cho viec xa hoi hda dao tao nguon nhan luc Tuy vay, cac co sd sd dao tao KSLN van de dat va gap nhdng khd khan nhat djnh djnh hudng Vi cac hoat dong dao tao cung nhu cac hoat dpng khac deu phai tuan theo phap luat du la vdi muc dich nhat djnh, nen chua cd che tai bat bupc cac doanh nghiep lam nghiep phai chi tra cac chi phi dao tao cho co sd dao tao hp sd dung lao dpng da qua dao tao Mat khac, hoat dpng thj trudng la phai cd Idi nhuan, ddi vdi thj trddng djch vu dao tao cung vay, rang cd luc Idi nhuan khdng xuat hien va ro rang Hien nay, phan Idn cac doanh nghiep lam nghiep khd khan nen chda chu den dao tao, bdi dddng KSLN va phan Idn Idi nhuan khong tinh chi tra cho dao tao bdi dddng Vi vay, Nha nddc can cd chinh sach hd trp, dieu tiet xa hpi hoa dao tao gan vdi sd dung, viec lam cho cac cd sd dao tao vdi doanh nghiep lam nghiep, khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep lam nghiep phd'i hdp vdi cac cd sd dao tao kT sd lam nghiep de dao tao cd chat Idpng nguon nhan Idc dang sd dung cho doanh nghiep va xa hpi Nganh Lam nghiep va mpt bp phan quan cua he thdng kinh te - xa hpi cua dat nddc Dao tao, phat then KSLN la nhan to quyet djnh phat then nganh Lam nghiep Viet Nam tien trinh hpi nhap qudc te De phat trien ddpc nguon KHGD so 53, thdng - 2010 Khoa hoc Gido due • nhan Idc thi can den sd phd'i hpp va phan cdng chat che gida cac cO quan nha nddc, cac doanh nghiep, cac cd sd dao tao va cac td chdc xa hpi nghe nghiep va ngoai nganh Lam nghiep Cd nhd vay cac nd Idc phat then nguon nhan Idc lam nghiep trinh dp dai hpc mdi dung hddng va dat hieu qua cao TAl Ll£U THAM KHAO Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu quoc lan MX NXB Chinh trj quoc gia Ha Npi, 2005 Qudc hpi nude Cpng hoa XHCN Viet Nam Luat Giao due NXB Chinh tri qudc gia Ha Npi, 2005 Chien Iwgc phat then Lam nghiep Viet Nam giai 2006 - 2020 NXB Ndng nghiep Ha Npi, 2007 Bp GD&DT Sao cao Hoi toao quoc gia "Dao tao theo nhu cau xa hpi" TP Ho Chi Minh, thang 2/2007 Phan Van Kha Phat then giao due nen kinh te th truong dmh hudng XHCN lap chi khoa hpc giao due, so 14, 2007, Chu Mien Chu ddng hop tac, hdi nhap ve giao due va dao tao Bao VOV News, 14/5/2009 Pham DP Nhat Tien Wet Nam trudc yeu cau hdi nhap quoc te: Mpt chien lupc, hai kich ban Tap chi Tia San 19/8/2009 Nguyen Ddc Tri Mpt so van de ve dieu chinh co cau he thdng giao due nghe nghiep Viet Nam qua tri hdi nhap qudc te lap chi Giao due so ki thang 9/2008 Nguyen Xuan Bao Giao due nghe nghiep thupc Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT: Thuc trang va mpt so de xu dieu chinh Tap chi khoa hpc giao due, sd 42, 2009 SUMMARY Forestry is an important part of the socioeconomic system Training of forestry engineers is the decisive fac for the development of this sector in the globalization T article discusses the status of basis, professions in forest engineering training and suggests some innovation for forestry engineers training in the new era 47 ... curNghien Khoa hoc Gido due Bang f: Cac co so dao tao kT sulam nghiep o Viet Nam Ten trudng dai hoc TT Dai hpc Lam nghiep Viet Nam Dai hpc Nong lam Thai Nguyen Dai hoc Tay Bac Dai hpc Hong Ddc Dai hoc... cau cua Chien lupc phat then Nganh Lam nghiep den 2020 va nhung nam tiep theo De xuat muc tieu, nguyen tac, phat trien KSLN d Viet Nam tien trinh hoi nhap qudc te Trong bdi canh dat nUdc chu dpng,... toan cau hda dang dien cang sau rpng Trong budi ddi thoai trdc tuyen "Giao due Dao tao Viet Nam trudc them nam hpc mdi", Phd ThCi tudng Chinh phd, Bp trudng Bp GD-DT Nguyen Thien Nhan da bay td: