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Khoa hoe Giao due • Nghien CUM P H A N C A P Q U A N LI TRl/CTNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG NHUt^G BAT CAP VA PHl/OTJG Hl/OTJG DOI MDI >so TCr khi nude ta bat diu chuyin doi tCr ea chi k l hoach hda tap trun[.]
Khoa hoe Giao due • Nghien CUM TRl/CTNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG NHUt^G BAT CAP VA PHl/OTJG Hl/OTJG DOI MDI P H A N C A P Q U A N LI :>so TS NGUYIN HONG THUAN Trung tam Nghien ciiru Tam II hgc va Giao due hpc T Cr nude ta bat diu chuyin doi tCr ea c h i k l hoach hda tap trung sang ca chi thj trudng, dinh hudng XHCN, Dang va Chinh phu chu truang cai each lai he thing quan li nha nude (QLNN) ndi chung va he thing quan li giao due va dao tao (GD&DT) ndi rieng theo djnh hudng phan d p , nhu Kit luan eua Hpi nghi TW (Khoa IX) va Nghi quylt s i 37/2004/QH11 cua Quoc hpi Han nCra, bdi canh phat trienkinh t l thi trudng (KTTT), hpi nhap qude t l va toan d u hoa, md hinh quan li tap trung td kem hieu qua, ea c h i quan li hien hanh GD&DT ndi chung va trudng THPT ndi rieng khdng cdn phu hgp, ddi hdi phai doi mdi theo djnh hudng phan d p quan li giao due (QLGD) Khai niem phan d p quan li tru'O'ng THPT Phan cap quan iitojang THPT la qua trinh chuyen giao quyen han, quyin quyet dinh va tinh ehju trach nhiem theo hwdng dich chuyin ti/ cip tren xudng din tnjong THPT, cung nhw qui trinh quan he cong viec giCfa cac lien ddi (trong va ngoai he thing QLGD), nhim st> dung tdi da cac nguon Iwc dat tdi mue tieu de [5] (Cd bin d p dugc chuyin giao quyin han la d p Trung uang, d p TTnhA/Cing, d p Quan/Huyen va d p Nha tnj'dng) NhCrng bat cap qua trinh phan cap quan li triro-ng THPT Thuc hien ehu truang doi mdi phan d p cdng tac QLNN ndi chung va vdi nganh GD&DT ndi rieng, Bp GD&DT da phii hgp vdi cac bp, nganh lien quan tiln hanh triln khai thue hien kha dong bp, tCr khau nghien eCru, xay dung cac van ban phap quy din khau hudng din, kilm tra, giam sat, danh gia viec thue hien tCr trung uang din dia phuang Tuy nhien, qua trinh dd, d moi khau diu ed nhu'ng dilm han ehi Han nu'a, he thing QL trudng THPT Viet Nam cdn dang bdc Id nhiiu bit cap, nhu: ca chi quan li van mang nang tinh tap trung han la phan d p , quyin han va trach nhiem eua tCrng d p quan li khdng ro rang, nang luc dpi ngu edn han chi, 28 Dua tren kit qua cac cupc khao sat nam 2007[4] va 2008, eac vIn d l khd khan t i n tai he thing quan li va nhu'ng dilm bit cap qua trinh phan d p quan li trudng THPT Viet Nam da dugc phan anh tCr dpi ngu CBQL d p Sd, Phdng GD&DT va hieu trudng cac trudng THPT tai 64 tinh/thanh ca nude NhO'ng diiu dd da gay khd khan cho cdng tac quan li nha trudng THPT theo hudng phan d p hien d cac dja phuang Bilu hien cu t h i d tCrng mat nhu sau: 2.1 Ve viec ban hanh va thyc hien cac van ban phap luat Thuc tiln da eho thIy viec triln khai d khau chua thuc su khoa hpe Viee ban hanh van ban cdn thilu tinh he thing nen da cd tinh trang bj thay doi lien tuc hoac ehdng eheo, khdng thong nhIt chi dao Mdt sd van ban ban hanh qua Cham nen lac hau va bit cap so vdi thue tiln Han nu'a, eac van ban hudng dan thuc hien cac nghj dinh eua Chinh phu cung dua cham nen khd thue hien Cho din nay, vIn cdn thilu rat nhiiu cae van ban phap quy ehi dao va quan li hoat ddng tai trudng THPT, Chang han nhu: Quy chi THPT chuyen; Quy dinh v l chi dp, chinh sach dai ngd doi vdi can bp thilt bj, can bp thu vien, giao vien gidi, ; Trong chi dao thi eCr va danh gia xIp loai hpc sinh, cd qua nhiiu van ban hudng d i n va dugc bo sung, thay doi lien tue nhung lai van thilu nen can bd, giao vien de bj lin Ion ap dung (VD: Quy c h i thi tdt nghiep; Hudng din viec danh gia xIp loai hpe sinh; ) Mdt s i van ban, dua vao thuc hien da cd nhCpng mau thuan (VD: "Quy djnh hoc sinh khdng dwac d lai cip hoc vuut qua nam") da lam cho nhiiu ea sd giao due phai bd qua y i u t l chit lugng danh gia kit qua hpe tap cua hpc sinh hoac lam sinh tieu cue thi eCr; va chu truang chdng hoc sinh ngdi nham lap khdng cho tang tl le luu ban lam cho ngudi quan li va ngudi day gap nhiiu khd khan; KHGD so 65, thang - 2011 -Khoa hoe Giao due Mdt sd c h i dp dinh mCrc tiln c l dinh cdn chua Quan li va phan phdi chuang trinh cdn eCpng hgp li, khdng kip thdi hoac ban hanh da qua nhic, lam han chi tinh chu dpng, linh hoat cua lau nen khdng edn phu hgp vdi thue tiln (VD: giao vien va nha trudng; edng tac phi, thi hpc sinh gidi, tra, chim bai, + Vi kiim tra danh gia chit Iwang hoc sinh, Bd chi tao lap tin dien tCr, ) chua ban hanh bp chuin v l chit lugng GDPT O tCrng dia phuang, he thing van ban, so sach d l tren ea sd dd xac dinh mCre dp chuin cua cac quan li cung thilu thong nhIt, tieu ehi chua ro d l kilm tra, chit lugng cac bai kilm tra djnh ki rang nen viee danh gia chit lugng d eac dia d tat ca cac mdn hpe; Thuc t l , cac chuan giao phuang va tCrng ca sd giao due se de mang tinh due quoc gia d Viet Nam chua dap Crng yeu d u , ehu quan va khd ehinh xac eac chuan thuc hien thudng dugc djnh nghTa Chung chung (ehua dugc), thdng tin v l kit 2.2 Ve to chirc bg may quan li Phan djnh chuc nang, nhiem vu, trach nhiem qua hpc tap cua hpc sinh chua dugc he thing chwa rd rang, chwa thing nhit giua cac ca quan va tin cay tham gia QLGD din din tinh trang QL chdng eheo, Hien Bp GD&DT c l gang kilm scat chit thu tue hanh chinh rudm ra; Cdng tac ehi dao thilu lugng hpc tap eua hpc sinh thdng qua quan li tap trung va chua sau sat, din din cham tri hanh chinh eac ki thi quoc gia tdt nghiep THPT thuc hien edng viec va anh hudng tdi chit lugng Tuy nhien, viec quan li chua thuc su giao due (VD: Chua ed su thing nhIt giO'a eac tinh, cdng, khau trdng thi cdn Idng leo din tdi kit qua cac huyen viee thuc hien Nghj djnh 43; Hieu chua that chinh xac va thudng cd khuynh hudng trudng cac tnj'dng THPT chua dugc giao thuc "cho" hpc sinh tit nghiep quyin tu chu v l quan li nhan su va tai ehinh + Viec kiem tra chuyen mdn cdn mang nang chua cd su phdi hgp tot giO'a Sd Tai chinh va Sd tinh hinh thCrc, chua thuc chit, d i gay tinh Ndi vu; ) trang thuc hien kiiu dli phd, dap Crng kilm tra Khdng thdng nhit chi dao giCea cac phdng hay thi dua nen da khdng mang lai hieu qua thilt ban Sd(VD: GiCra phdng Khao thi va phdng thuc, kip thdi; TCCB vdi Phdng GD trung hpe) da gay khdng it 2.4 Ve quan li sCr dung nguon lye khd khan cho d p dudi qua trinh to chCre Mac du Nghj dinh 43 cua Chinh phu da trao thuc hien quyin (vdi cac mCrc dp khac nhau) cho nha Nganh GD cd qua it quyen han viec bo trudng THPT, nhung thuc t l , hieu trudng nhiem CBQL cua nganh, dac biet la hieu trudng trudng THPT v i n chua thuc su ehju trach va phd hieu trudng trudng THPT nhiem quan li v l ca dpi ngu giao vien lin cac 2.3 Ve chCrc nang chuyen mdn - ngudn tai chinh Hien tai, cae quylt dinh tuyin Viec quan li chuyen mdn ddi vdi GDPT dang la dung, bo nhiem, thang tiln, thuyen chuyin va vIn d l dugc ndi din nhieu nhIt vi da din lue d n sa thai, khen thudng hay kl luat CB, GV- la trach mdt su eai to tCr tim vT md, tCr each tilp can mue nhiem cua UBND tInh/TP tieu, quan dilm va phuang thCre phattrien chuang Trong viec bd nhiem CBQLGD, chwa t h i ehi trinh din nhCrng vIn d l hit SCPC CU the, nhu: bien hoa eac tieu chuin ve nang luc va pham chit soan sach giao khoa, doi mdi ndi dung, phuang cua CBQL Phu d p trach nhiem chua hap li phap day hpc hay tin hpc hda nha trudng, Nhu'ng (VD: Hieu trudng dugc bo nhiem lam trudng/phd vIn d l noi com ITnh vuc dugc t h i hien phdng GD thi phu d p trach nhiem giam din tdi kha rd net, biin va da gay anh hudng khdng thu nhap giam, dd khd tim CBQL gidi) nhd din chit lugng GDPT Cu t h i la: Phu cip thu hut, phu cap khu vi/c vung miin + Viec phat thin chwang trinh, chu yiu la pham chwa phu hap: Chua cd chi dp uu dai cho giao vien vi eua cac chuyen gia (chu yiu la cac nha su pham phuc vu lau nam d vung cao, vung khd khan ma chi cua tnj'dng dai hpc va Vien KHGD) cd khuynh cd chi dp phu d p thu hut cho giao vien mdi din hudng hpc thuat v l kiln thCpc cao, cd cac ca hpi cdng tac nen da din din tinh trang, nhiiu giao vien nghien CLPU tai lieu va kinh nghiem cua cac qude gia xin tinh nguyen din edng tac d vung eao, khd khan khac, nhung lai it nhieu rdi xa thuc tien giang day nhung ehi mpt thdi gian ngan sau dd lai tim each de Ban chit tap trung cua chuang trinh nham dap chuyen din nhung khu vuc thuan Igi han Crng nhu cau phat trien cua qude gia nhung chua Ca chi quan li tai chinh chua hieu qua, chua dap ipng tdt nhu d u thuc t l cua dja phuang thuc su rd rang, cdng bang, thilu linh hoat/mlm KHGD so 65, thang - 2011 29 Khoa hoe Giao due deo viec SLP dung cac ngudn lue; dugc the hien d cho: + Hieu trwang dwac uy quyin rit han chi viec sCr dung nguon tai ehinh cho phu hgp vdi nhu d u thue t l eung nhu ddi vdi viee phan bd ngudn Iwc hoac tai san nen eac trudng khdng dugc ehu dpng, phai nang v l thu tue xin d p phat (ea ehi xin cho); tai san dugc d p khdng kjp thdi va chua that sy phu hgp vdi nhu d u cua trudng (VD: v l TBDH) Ben canh dd, nguon ngoai ngan sach ma cac trudng ed t h i huy dpng la hpc phi thi lai UBND Tinh quylt djnh + Viec phan bo ngan sach giao due cho cac tinh dua tren quy md dan s i nhu hien se mang tinh "cao bang", khdng dam bao edng bang giCra cac tinh, dae biet d l i vdi cac tinh cd tl le dan s i dp tuoi THPT di hpe d eac trudng cdng lap cao 2.5 Thanh tra, kiem tra va danh gia Trong he thong QLGD&DT, cd t h i ndi day dang la khau y i u , chua thue su dap Crng yeu d u quan li chit lugng giao due Han c h i Idn nhIt la dpi ngu can bp lam cdng tac edn thiiu va yiu vi chuyen mdn Nguyen nhan chu y i u la phln Idn s i dd ehua dugc dao tao bai ban va thudng la tra vien kiem nhiem; Cac tieu chuin lua chpn d l bo nhiem tra chua gan chat vdi cac yeu d u v l kiln thCre, kT nang dac thu cua cdng tac tra GD Viec cung d p nhCrng thdng tin tCr ca quan quan li cac d p cdn thilu va chua kip thdi (VD: Thilu eac chuan va cac chf sd thwc hien vi GD, thilu cac cdng cu thich hgp de kiem seat chinh xac viec thue hien chCre nang cua he thing GDj Tdm lai, he thong quan li trudng THPT Viet Nam hien nay, cac quylt dinh quan trpng tac dpng din giang day va hpc tap, nhu cae quylt djnh v l nhan su, phat triln nghi nghiep va sir dung ngudn luc v i n dugc dua tai elp cao han d p nha trudng va anh hudng eua eac quylt djnh edn xa vdi thuc tien nha trudng De tim phuang hudng doi mdi phan d p quan li trudng THPT, d n tra Idi rd rang cae cau hdi: Phan d p cai gi? Phan d p trach nhiem va quyin han nao cho ( d p nao) la phu hgp nhIt? Tinh ehju trach nhiem cua tCrng d p nhu t h i nao? Dudi day la mpt s i d l xult v l phuang hudng cai tiln va dllu chinh ca chi hien hanh viec phan d p quan li tnj'dng THPT 30 Ng en SLfu Phu'O'ng hirang doi mm phan cap quan li THPT Viet Nam 3.1 Kit hgp tap trung va phan cap Van nen ap dung md hinh phan d p cho chinh quyin d p tinh/thanh quan li trudng THPT nhu hien nay, dd, Bp GD&DT chi tap trung vao eac chCre nang lap phap (ban hanh cae van ban phap quy tao hanh lang phap ii cho cac ca quan d p dudi thuc hien), dinh hudng, ho trg phat triln va kiem soat he thing giao due; d p Sd GD&DT dugc trao quyen quan ii toan dien trudng THPT, thyc hien cac chCrc nang djnh hudng, h i tra phat trien, kilm soat he thong va dac biet la dam bao chit lugng giao due tai dja phuang; va d p trudng THPT duae trao quyin tu chu theo hudng duae uy quyin quylt djnh v l nguon luc cua trudng cho phu hgp vdi nhu clu va diiu kien eua minh 3.2 Cling co va xay dyng he thong ehju trach nhiem Thyc t l da cho thIy, phan d p quyin quyet djnh cho d p dudi rIt de dan din tinh trang budng Idng, mIt kilm scat Vi vay, viec phan d p ludn phai di ddi vdi viec eung co va xay dung he thing ehju trach nhiem, dd d n tang cudng bin moi quan he v l tinh ehju trach nhiem, dd la: giO'a ngwai huang djch vu va nha quan li giao due; giO'a nha quan li giao due va cac trwang thdng; gii/a truang phd thdng va giao vien; giO'a ngwai hirdng djch vu va giao vien 3.3 Uy quyen a mij'c phii hg>p v&i trach nhiem cho cap trw&ngTHPT Nhu tren da phan tich, hien quyin han quylt djnh tai elp trudng THPT edn ehua phu hgp va tuang xCrng vdi trach nhiem/nhiem vu Han nua, Nghj quylt 05/2005/NQ-CP cua Chinh phu dac biet nhin manh " phan d p quan li, gan quyin han vdi trach nhiem cua cac d p , eua tap t h i va ea nhan ngudi dCrng diu cac ca quan hanh chinh nha nude eac d p ; gin phan d p nhiem vu vdi phan d p quan li v l tai ehinh, to chCre, nhan sir va bao dam cac diiu kien vat chit khac" Vi vay, d n tang cudng uy quyin quylt djnh sCr dung nguon luc cho hieu trudng trudng THPT; giao vien duae quyin dllu chinh linh hoat va mIm deo viec thue hien chuang trinh va cd ca hpi d l quan tam din cac nhu d u dac biet va cac kiiu hpc tap ca nhan cOa hpc sinh, ddng thdi dugc tham gia vao cdng tac-phat trien chuang trinh vi giao vien la ngudi hang tilp xuc vdi thuc tiln Idp hpc va nIm ro nhu clu cua hpc sinh KHGD so 65, thang - 2011 -Khoa hoc Giao due 3.4 Cung co quan he trach nhiem ndi mance-based-indicators), he thing thu thap thdng tin toan dien tCr elp trudng, sCr dung bg nha truxyng thdng tin vdi mue dich danh gia khach quan va De tang cudng quyin tu chu cho nha trudng, cdng bIng, c h i dp thudng phat hap If d l i vdi d n quan tam nhiiu han din cdng tac quan li eac nha chuyen mdn, hieu trudng, cdng ddng ndi bp nha trudng, dd, d n dua vao Dieu quan trpng la he thing giam sat va danh bin mli quan he v l tinh ehju trach nhiem nhu da gia phai lly mue tieu ho trg va cai tiln chat trinh bay d tren, dong thdi: lugng lam ca sd - Phai xac djnh rd rang trach nhiem eua eac d p tham gia quan li nha trudng THPT thdng qua cac vi each cung cip tai chinh giao due: Diiu cdng cu phap li va hanh chinh; chinh chinh sach hpc phi, dd d n xay dyng - Nen phan bo kinh phi theo diu hpc sinh, quy khung hpc phi mdi; Ban hanh he thing bilu mlu dinh chat che viec sir dung ngan sach cho chinh cae tieu ehi danh gia cdng khai v l : thu, chi tai quyin dia phuang va nha trudng; chinh; Cae diiu kien v l CSVC-TBDH, dpi ngu - Xay dung he thing giam sat, kiem seat d l tang can bp - giao vien; Chit lugng day va hpc cua cudng cac chCre nang kilm dinh tai tnjng uang; nha trudng, nham giup cac ben lien ddi (eac 3.5 Xay dyng dgi ngu can bg, giao vien cd ca quan quan li, nha trudng, cha me hpc sinh va cpng ddng, ) ed can eCr d l nhung quylt sach nang lye tot Trong bli canh phan cap mdi, can bp sd hgp li Trudng THPT lap k l hoach tai chinh cho GD&DT, cae ca quan ehuyen mdn tai tInh/TP trudng minh theo quy trinh tu xac djnh mue tieu, va trudng THPT d n dugc phat trien cae nang nhiem vu - djnh mCre chi tieu - du toan ngan sach, lue: lap k l hoach chiln luge; phat triln chuang dd, moi ndi dung (nhiem vu) d n xac djnh trinh va tai lieu day hpe de phat trien phln mIm rd: Hoat dpng cu t h i (Lam gi? Sd lupng? Chit cua chuang trinh dap Crng nhu d u dia phuang; lugng?); Thdi gian (Khi nao? Bao lau?); Kinh phi quan li mIm deo, linh hoat, dap Cpng va ehju trach (Bao nhieu tiln?); Ngudn kinh phi (TCr ngan sach nhiem vdi d p tren va ngudi hudng djch vu theo hay ngoai ngan sach?); Trach nhiem thyc hien quy djnh cua Nha nude; giao tilp, djnh hudng gia (Ai lam?) tri, tu sang tao, lam viec theo nhdm, ; Tu Tren ca sd nhCrng giai phap mang tinh djnh hpc va hpc suit ddi, tu cap nhat kiln thCrc thdng hudng dugc trinh bay d tren, d n cu t h i hda qua tai lieu, hpc tCr xa va internet; mdi giai phap mdt Id trinh ap dung va thCr 3.6.Hoan thien he thing chinh sach quan If nghiem trudc dua ap dung dai tra theo tinh than phan cap Ve quan lito chi/c va nhan sw: Kinh nghiem quoc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO t l va thyc tien Viet Nam cho thIy, d n the ehi hoa Bp GD-DT (2000), Dieu le trwang trung hoc, cac tieu chuin v l nang luc va pham chit cua CBQL Ha Ndi Ddng thdi, viec bo nhiem hieu trudng trudng THPT CHXHCN Viet Nam (2005), Luat Giao due, nen theo quy trinh sau: Sd GD&DT gidi thieu danh NXB Chinh tri QuIe gia, HN sach Crng cCe vien de Hdi ding tordng phdng vin, CHXHCN Viet Nam (2005), Nghj djnh sd sau dd sd GD&DT to chCpc d l giao vien bd philu tin 43/2006/ND-CP cua Chinh phu Ha Ndi nhiem va thdng qua Quan/huyen uy va eung sd Ndi Du an ho trg doi mdi quan li giao due (2007), vu trinh UBND tInh/TP quylt dinh Bao cao QLNN v l giao due, Bp GD-DT, Ha Ndi Nguyen Tiln Hung (2005) Ca sd li luan va Ve quan li chuyen mdn: Bd GD&DT ehi thilt k l chuang trinh khung va dya vao dd cac trudng thwc tien ve phan cip quan li trwang trung hoc xay dung ehiln luge thuc hien chuang trinh phi thdng Viet Nam Luan an tiln sT GDH, Vien cu the phu hgp vdi nhCrng phan tich chinh xac KHGDVN v l nha trudng Cac quylt dinh v l chuang trinh Donald R.Winkler (1999), Decentralization in dugc dua dua tren su phan quyin va su tham Education: An Economic Perspective WB gia cua nhung ngudi lien quan McGinn &TWelsh (1999) Decentralization Vi Giam sat va danh gia: Xay dung mpt he of Education: Why When, What and How thong giam sat va danh gia toan dien hoat dpng UNSECO cua nha trudng, bao gdm: cac chuan va chi s6 danh gia dua tren kit qua hoat dpng (perfor. ' ' • " ' 31 Khoa hoe Giao due Ng OANH GIA KET QUA (Tiip theo trang 21) ^ thdi xem xettCrng mCre dp ndi dung cao han chuin d l tao cae mue nang luc phu hap vdi dli tugng ngudi hpc Day chinh la qua trinh tieu chi hda ndi dung danh gia theo nang luc Qua trinh tieu chi hda ndi dung danh gia kit qua hpe tap mdn Ngu van THCS dugc thyc hien qua cae budc sau: - Xac djnh cae phuang dien nang luc ngu van ma HS d n hinh va phat triln qua mdn hpc va md ta theo eac mCre dp tCr thIp din cao d l hinh thang nang luc - Xac djnh eac tieu chi, minh ehCrng t h i hien eho moi phuang dien cua nang lue, tuang Crng vdi tCrng miPC dp - Lua chpn cae ndi dung cu t h i cua mdn hpc phu hgp vdi cac phuang dien, mCrc dp nang lue cua ngudi hpc Khi xay dung bp edng eu danh gia kit qua hpc tap mdn NgQ' van theo hudng hinh nang lue, d n cd su phan hda ndi dung danh gia, nham dugc cae mCrc dp nang luc cua moi HS theo mue tieu hpc tap phat triln Cin ehu y rang nang luc cua moi ca nhan dugc the hien theo ea mpt qua trinh hpc tap, cd su hinh va phat trien, nen danh gia d n kit hgp giua cac loai hinh danh gia qua trinh va danh gia tong kit Ddng thdi, nang luc la mpt khai niem triru tuang, khd quan sat nang luc mpt each true tilp ma phai qua nhiiu diu hieu nen d n kit hgp nhiiu phuang phap va kT thuat de danh gia dugc mpt each toan dien cac phuang dien nang lue cua ngudi hpc Nhu vay viec xac djnh mue tieu day hpc hudng tdi hinh va phat trien eac nang luc ngu' van se din din mpt yeu d u t i t yiu danh gia PHAN CAP QUAN Ll (Tip theo trang 31) WB(2007) What is School-Based-Manangement? Education Human Development Network, Washington DC Cheng, Y (1996) - School Effectivenes and School - Based - Management: a Mechanism for Development London, The Falmer Press 32 l^y mdn hpc NgCi- van THCS la: mue tieu cudi cung cua danh gia khdng phai chi la kha nang ITnh hdi nhu'ng kiln thCpc va kT nang rieng le cua ngudi hpc ma la kha nang van dung tong hgp nhung kiln thuc va kT nang dd vao qua trinh dpe - hilu, nghe - hieu, ndi va vilt tiing Viet, khdng chi cae gid hpc Ngu van ma cdn cae tinh hulng da dang cCia cupc sing ;.- x -jiiFi •• • TAI LIEU THAM K H A O Bd Giao due va Dao tao, Chwang thnh giao due phi thdng mdn NgQ' van THCS, Ban hanh kem theo quylt dinh s i 16/2006/QO-BGD&DT 5/5/2006 cua Bp trudng Bd Giao due va Dao tao, 2006 Xavier Roegiers, Khoa swpham tich hap hay Lam thi nao de phat thin cac nang Iwc a nha trwang, NXB Giao due, 1996 Bp Giao due va Dao tao, Du an Phat trien Giao due THCS II, tai lieu tap huln: Danh gia giao due, Trung tam danh gia dai hpe Melbourne -Austraylia, thang 11/2009 Hoang DCrc Nhuan, Le DCrc Phuc, Ca sa li luan cua viec danh gia chit Iwang hoc tap cua hoc sinh thdng, Chuang trinh khoa hpe d p Nha nude KX-07-08, 1996 SUMMARY According to the author assessment is a step in the education process The assessment activities have important role in proving the results of teaching objectives, content and methods, and have positive impacts on the education process The identification of education objectives of the subject has guiding meaning for the identification of objectives and content of assessment Based on that, the article focuses on the assessment of lower secondary Philology with competence approach SUMMARY The article presents the issue of upper secondary school management decentralization, in this the author defines concept of upper secondary school management decentralization, analyses the discrepancies in the management decentralization, and proposes directions for innovation of upper secondary school management decentralization in Vietnam KHGD so 65, thang - 2011 ... THPT Viet Nam 3.1 Kit hgp tap trung va phan cap Van nen ap dung md hinh phan d p cho chinh quyin d p tinh/thanh quan li trudng THPT nhu hien nay, dd, Bp GD&DT chi tap trung vao eac chCre nang lap... mang lai hieu qua thilt ban Sd(VD: GiCra phdng Khao thi va phdng thuc, kip thdi; TCCB vdi Phdng GD trung hpe) da gay khdng it 2.4 Ve quan li sCr dung nguon lye khd khan cho d p dudi qua trinh to... nhieu rdi xa thuc tien giang day nhung ehi mpt thdi gian ngan sau dd lai tim each de Ban chit tap trung cua chuang trinh nham dap chuyen din nhung khu vuc thuan Igi han Crng nhu cau phat trien cua