mOT so BIEN PHAP DAY HOC UCH SUfOjA PHOOHG ONUCJCANH O ThS TRAN VAN ANH* 1 Tdm quan trgng cuo viec dgy hgc ljch tiln trinh LS cuo nudc Anh khdng chi dnh hudng sii dio phuong (DHLSDP) tdi nude Anh md c[.]
mOT so BIEN PHAP DAY HOC UCH SUfOjA PHOOHG ONUCJCANH O ThS TRAN VAN ANH* Tdm quan trgng cuo viec dgy hgc ljch tiln trinh LS cuo nudc Anh khdng chi dnh hudng sii dio phuong (DHLSDP) tdi nude Anh md cdn chi phdi tdi mgt sd khu vuc Dja phuong (DP) Jd nhimg don vj hdnh chinh vd qud'c gia fren t h i gidi Vi vgy, LS nudc Anh cd eua mdt qude gio (nhu mdt thdnh phd, tinh, huyen, rd't nhilu sy kien, nhirng biln cd, nhdn vdt, hien xd,thdn, bdn ) hav hiiu khdi qudthon Id mdt vung tagng LS cd y nghTa qude gio vd qud'c t l Lyo ddt, khu vyc nhdt dinh, dugc hinh thdnh fronq hen chgn ngi dung fronq cdc bdi DHLSDP phdi Id sir (LS), cd ranh gidi Kr nhien hay djo gidi hdnh nhirng kiln thiic co bdn, mon^ net dgc sdc cua chinh d l phdn biet vdi DP khdc Ljch sii dja phuong vung, miin; phdn dnh dugc mdi quan he giira LS (LSOP) cdn boo hdm ed LS cua cdc don vj sdn xudt, eua viing, miin vdi LS qud'c gio, thdm chi Id vdi chiln ddu, co quan, xf nghiep, frudng hgc Xet v l LS t h i gidi; frdnh biln gid hgc thdnh bdi minh ylu tddia If, cdc don vj dd ^ u gdn vdi mgt DP nhdt hog cho LS qud'c gio, gdy nhdm chdn eho HS djnh, song Igi mang h'nh chuyen mdn, kf thudt, Vf dy, cuge cdch mgng cong nghiep d Anh dd cd the xIp vdo dgng LS chuyen ngdnh dien d t/ie ki XVII ed dd'u dn mgnh me ldm Cdc nhd gido dye tiln bd fren t h i gidi vd d thay ddi bd mgt nude Anh vd ed y nghTo t h i gidi Viet Nam deu nhd'n mgnh su edn thilt phdi duo Hay su phdt triln cuo cdch mgng cdng nghiep d viec DHLSDP vdo nhd frudng, giup hgc sinh (HS) vi/ng Bradford vd\ cdc vf dy sd'ng ddng vd thu vj hieu bilt sdu sdc ve noi minh dang sdng; hiiu dugc nhu: nhd mdy xay xdt, cdc hdng budn, Idng md md'i quon he giira LS ddn tdc vd LSOP; bdi dudng cua cdc nhd dgi ta sdn d frong vung HS se cho HS finh y§u que huong, dd't nudc, tdn frgng, nhdn thdy cdch mgng cong nghiep dd ldm biln y§u quy cdc di sdn eha dng d l Igi; Kr dd hinh ddi bd mgt qu§ huong, ddt nudc cung nhu dnh thdnhfrdchnhiem vd y thirc cdng ddn dd'i vdi cdng hudng Idn tdi filn trinh phdt triln eua LS t h i gidi ddng,quehuonc: "' • - ' •' — — - •— •- ^r^^ ede KT ndng cudc sd'ng Tuy nhdn thirc duoc tdm quan frgng chiic, hudng cua vi§c DHLSDP, nhung fren thyc t l , viec DHLSDP lieu LSOP Id rd't cdn thilt vd hita ich HS ed thi frong nhd frudng, vdn cdn nhtrng bd't cap suu tdm nhirng cdu chuyfn ta gio dinh, Idng au^, Bdi viit gidi thieu mdt sd bien phdp DHLSDP khu phd; ta nhiing nhdn chu-ng LS hay cdc bde cua GV LS d nudc Anix de GV cd t h i thom khdo eao nien; GV duo HS tai nhung frung tdm luu vd dp dyng mgt cdch phu hgp vdi hodn cdnh vd frir, thu vien cuo DP d l nghi§n ciru, ggi y cho HS thd'y dugc vd'n d l cdn quan tdm ta nhirng franh dieu kien rieng ciia frudng hoc vd DP minh Mgt sd'Dien phdp DKLSDP d nude Anh dnh, bdn dd eu, nhiing Id thu, nhirng bdi bdo nude Anh, Kr t h i ki XVIII, XIX, LSOP dd dugc eu Tir dd, HS cd them nhtrng trdi nghiem, tdng coi trgng vd cdng nhdn Id mdt mdn hgc (eud'i t h i them nhiet tinh, phdt friln ndng lyc ta vd kT kr X\X, vdi Idng kinh frgng nir hodng Victoria, ndng thuc^hdnh md dgc sdeh gido khoa don thudn mdt bd sdeh LS cho mdi viing cuo vuong qud'c khdng t h i dem Igi; HS cung cd the tim kiem ta Arih dd dugc bien sogn) Trong chuong frinh mdn lieu LSOP ta cde fien ich cua cdng ngh§ thdng fin LS qud'c gia hien cuo Anh, HS dugc dgt mye hoy tren Internet tieu «Trinh bdy mdt cdch tu tin vd khdi qudt duge Vdi nhirng ta lieu HS suu tdm dugc, GV ro kiin thuc vd hiiu biit cua minh ve LSDP, LS ddn cac bdi tdp thu hogch, nhu: viet bdi lugn, bdi tdc vd LS thi gidi" Cdng tac DHLSDP d cdc frudng bdo, ghi bang v l mdt sy kien dgc biet, trinh chieu hoc cOo Anh ludn duoc coi trgng vdi nhilu hinh tren PowerPoint hade tdp hgp thdnh mgt cudn thiic td chire vd bien phdp DH phong phu, cy thi: sdeh nhd hoy tdp son chuyen d l Tuy theo yeu 1) Lya chon ndi dung LSDP di dua vdo bdi gidng LSDP Anh Id dd't nude ed LS Idu ddi vd * Tnrdng THI^ Viet Tri • Plin Tho Tap ehi Giao dye s6 (ki i 9/aoii) edu eua GV, HS cd t h i suu tdm theo nhdm hogc d) Td ehuc trinh dien, trung bdy kit qud cua cd nhdn viee nghien ciru LSDP «Budi tdi cua eha me" Mdt frong nhimg khd khdn cua DHLSDP chfnh Id hay tgi cde hogt dgng md rdng eua trudng Idp viec fim kilm ngudn ta lieu cho bdi gidng Vi vgy, «8ud7 tdi cua eha me" Id mgt hinh thirc hogt ddng xdy dyng «kho ta lieu" ldm ngudn cung ed'p cho nhdm xdy dung mdi quon he gdn bd chgt ehe GV vd HS Id sdng kiln giup GV fill kiem thdi gian, giua nhd trudng vd gia dinh cdng tdc gido cdng sue vd cdfienbgc de fim kilm ta lieu Cde GV dye HS GV ed t h i td chiic eho HS trinn diin ve ciing nhaufimkilm, chio se tdi lieu,fraoddi y tadng kiln thiie LSOP thdng qua cdc hogt dgng sdn khdu DHLSDP vd cdng nghe thdngtinthyc sy Id mdt cdng hod, thuylt trinh hay trung bdy sdn phdm nghien cy tien fch de thyc hien bien phdp ndy ciiu eua HS Bien phdp ndy phii hgp vdi HS Idn 3) Mdi cdc dien gid tham gia budi hgc LSDP hogc sinh vien, tay vgy, ed t h i td chirc nhilu hinh Nhilu nhd nghien ciiu v l LS, vdn hod, nghe thiic phong phu, phii hgp vdi cdc dd'i tugng HS thudt cua OP cd kiln thuc sdu rdng v l cdc vd'n khdc nhau, gdp phdn phdt huy khd ndng sdng d l HS quan tdm Viee mdi cdc dien gid tdi ndi tgo vd tdi ndng cua HS chuyen, hogc ldm viec vdi HS se cung cdp nhirng 7) Td chue eho HS tham gia ede eugc thi tim kr ndng nghien eiiu quy gid eho HS vd GV v l LS hiiu kiin thue LSDP Cd mdt so cudc thi v l fim que huong minh Hiep hdi v l LSDP ed t h i giiip hiiu LS md GV ed the ddng kf eho HS cuo minh GV fim kiem nhirng nhd nghien ciiu ldm viec tgi thom gia, vi dy, cudc thi LSDP cuo Hdi LS Hogc ede OP d l GV lien ne GV eung ed t h i tham khdo de td ehuc nhung cudc 4) Td chire cho HS thdm nhdp thyc ti fim thi tuong h/ nhu t h i d frudng, Idp Tuy ddy khdng hiiu LSDP Id viee ldm tgo nhilu hiing thu cho HS phdi Id bien phdp cdt y l u nhung eung ed tae O nudc Anh, ed nhiing khu vyc dugc phye vy, chdm dyng khuyin khfch HS fim hiiu LSDP vd Id sy ghi sdc bdi nhd trudng hogc benh vien, ddy cd thi Id nhdn ta phio GV, nhd trudng eho thdnh tfch hgc dja dilm td chire eho HS xdm nhdp cugc sd'ng, tgp, nghien ciiu LSDP eua HS Bdi hgc kinh nghiem cho cdng tdc gdp gd ede nhdn ehiing vd tim hiiu LS eua vimg frong mgt thdi ki ndo dd HS frong bj cho minh sd DHLSDP a Viet Nam ghi chep, but, mdy ghi dm vd mdy dnh de filp edn O nude to hien nay, viec DHLSDP cdn nhilu vd hdi nhtrng ngudi ddn v l frdi nghiem, nhdn xet hgn chi Nhieu trudng hge chua thue su quan eua hg ve mdt thdi kl (nhu Chiln franh the gidi thu tdm tdi viee DHLSDP Nguyen nhdn ddn din nhimg hoi), vdi nhirng cdu hdi nhu: Cugc sdng frong Chiin hgn c h i dd cd nhilu, song cung cd mdt phdn tranh thi gidi thir hai nhu thi ndo? Mgi ngudi dd su lung tung ciia GV viec Tua chgn cdc bien /dm the ndo died thi song sdt chiin tranh? phdp DHLSDP Tir viec fim hiiu mdt sd bien phdp Ddu dn dgc biet ve chiin tranh Id gi? DHLSDP cuo GV LS d Anh, chung ta cd tlii rut ro 5) Td chue tham quan hgc tap tgi bdo tdng, nhtrng bdi hgc kinh nghiem nhdm ndng cao hieu nhd thd, dl tieh LS Bdo tdng, nhd thd Id noi cdn qud DHLSDP d nudc ta nhu sau: luu giir nhieu dd'u tfch LS, vl vdy td ehiie di thorn Thay ddi nhdn thirc v l viec DHLS ndi chung quan bdo tdng, nhd tho cung Id mgt bien phdp vd DHLSDP ndi rieng Cdn khdc phye quan niem hiiu hieu giup HS fim hiiu LSDP O Anh ed nhilu «thl gi hgc nd/', «mdn ehinh, mdn p/)y"d ed cdn bdo tdng, phdng trung bdy vd bdo tdng thudng bg qudn If gido dye, GV, HS vd eha me HS Phdn ed cdc dgt frung bdy tdp trung vdo cde iTnh vuc |6n HS chgn thi ede khd'i kinh te, kT thudt nen LS eua OP nhu: audn su DP, ehiln tranh vd xung khdng phdi Id mdn hgc dugc quan tdm, dgc biet dot, thdm hog hdm md Cde bdo tdng kidn sdn kiln thirc LSDP khdng cd frong ki thi ndo, nen sdng hgp tdc vdi nhd frudng, GV de hd trg HS cdng d l bi bd quo qud trinh DHLS, hge tdp bdng each trung bdy^hien vdt vd thuylt LSDP Id mgt ndi dung khd, bdi GV phdi hodn minh theo cdc yeu edu dgt sdn Vf dy, mgt GV todn ta lyc suu tdm ta lieu, sogn bdi vd ta ehuc DH dua HS tham quan nhd thd Idn Bradford, noi dd Vi vgy, GVLS cdn ed su say md vd khd ndng nghien tang ndm d trung tdm cugc bao vdy sud't ciru, cd kiln thirc rgng, phong phu v l ndi dung, cugc ndi ehien giira qudn ddi nhd vua vd ciud'e da dgng v l hinh thiic td chiic cdc hogt dong hgi Nhunq dd'u tfch eiia dgn dgi bde, kit hgp DHLSDP Hon nira, sinh vien phdi duge ddotqoiK vdi Idi k l chuyen eua GV v l cdch thiie phd vdng cd ndng lye chuyen mdn tdt, frau ddi^ tfch luy kinh vdy dgc ddo dd khien ede HS nggc nhien, hiing nghiem, kiln thuc frong sudt qud frinh hge tgp thu; giup HS khdng nhung hiiu sdu hon cudc ndi - Nhirng bien phdp fren ddy ed t h i dp dyng ehiln dd hge phdn LS ddn tdc md cdn edm DHLSDP d nude to, song cdn linh hogt, sdng thdy yeu quy vd Kr hdo v l que huong minh (Xem tiip trang 45) Tap chi Giao due so (ki i 9/aoii} Cdch khdc phye sai lam cua HS: Trinh bdy nhu tren vd k i l m tro them d i l u kien nghiei nqhiem m+4 5^-1 X = m-\ Tim thieu d i l u kien ciio b d i todn g i d i cdc b d i todn phiic t g p Moi bdi todn khd vd phirc tgp thudng khdng ed mdt phuong phdp gidi ey t h i G d p nhirng bdi todn nhu vdy, kinh nghiem eho thdy HS thudng xet thiiu d i l u kien ddn d i n Idi gidi khdng chgt che hogc soi Mgt so vf dy minh hga sou: Vi dy 1: Tim gid trj nhd nhdt eiia b i l u thirc: f(x)=y]x-2^f^ Qua mdt sd sai ldm duge phdn tich d tren, theo chung tdi, mdi sai ldm cua HS edn theo ddi qua hoi giai dogn: sai ldm ehua xudt hien vd soi ldm xudt hien Chung tdi d l xudt bien phdp nhdm khde phye thdng qua so dd sou: r Sai lam Xuat hien ChUa xuat hien Phan tich sii^a chufa Cung c6 kien thurc + ,Jx+2sim Ldi gidi eua HS: z Phan tich rasailam Phong tranh Kpt th''"" Ketthuc^ Tai lieu tham khao \J7^-i\+\JI^+\\>2,p7^-]\\4^+\\ = 2,l\^ ( t h e o Nguyin Ba Kim Phuung phap day hoc mon Toan bd't ddng thiic Cdsi) Vdy, f(x) dgt gid tri nhd nhdt NXB Dai hpc supham, H 2006 Dao Tam - Le Hien Duong Tiep can cac phuung bdng ^ | x - | phap day hoc khdng truyen thd'ng day hoc Sai lam eua HS: Thieu d i l u kien x > vd v l Toan NXB Dai hpc supham, H 2008 Doan Quynh (tdng chii biSn) Dai so 10 nang cao phdi ^ - | ehua phdi Id hdng so nen Idi gidi NXB Gido due Viet Nam, H 2010 ndy khdng dung SUI\/IIVIARY Ldi giai dung: D i l u kien cuo bdi todn Id x S f(x) =Wx^-\\ + l/I^ + l\>-^I7^ + X + yfI^+l = The author points out mistakes frequently made by students in solving mafhematic problems Vdy, f(x) dgt gid trj nhd nhd't bdng , dd'u with specific examples; as well as proposing bdng xdy ro < x < overcoming measures Mot SO bien phap (Tiip theo trang 40) Tai lieu tham khao NguySn Thi C6i "Nang cao hieu qua viec day hoc Ljch sir dja phuang d truong ph6 thftng" Tgp chi Khoa hpc trucmg Dai hpc supham Hd Ndi, s6' 6/2002 Phan Ngoc Lien (chii bien) Phuung phap day hoc Lich su, tap NXB Dai hpc supham, H 2009 Nguyen Canh Minh (chu bien) Giao trinh Lich siir dia phuung NXB Dai hpc supham, H 2(K)7 W B Stephen Teaching local history Manchester University Press 1977 Mftt s6' trang Web: http://en.wilcipedia.org/wilci/ Local history: http://curruculum.qcda.gov.ulc: http:/ /www.schoolhistory.co.uk tgo td ehiie DH eiia G V eho phu hgp dgc diem HS, d i l u kien kinh t l d tirng OP - Phdi chu y tdi viec phdt huy tfnh tich eye, chii dgng ciio HS DHLSDP Dii sii dyng bien phdp ndo, GV eung phdi phdt huy tfnh tfch eye, chu ddng ciia HS, b i l n qud trinh gido due thdnh qud trinh h; gido dye - Cdc sd GD-OT xdy dung nhirng d i i n ddn d l GV ed t h i trao ddi kinh nghiem gidng dgy ndi ehung vd gidng dgy LSOP ndi rieng GV ed t h i dua len cdc tu lieu md minh cd dugc, hodc tdi v l nhirng tu lieu khde, d i l u ndy giup cho GV vd HS hit kiem thdi gian, cdng sire fim k i l m tu lieu Cde SUIVIMARY Sd GD-DT vung, m i i n ed mdi quan he LS, The article introduces some measures of chfnh trj, kinh t l , vdn hod Idu ddi cd t h i lien k i t teaching Local History In teaching History subject qua Internet d l tgo ro nhirng kho tu lieu Idn, giup in the United Kingdom and experience lessons for ndng cao hieu qud DHLSDP vimg • teaching this content in Viet Nam ap ehi Giao due so (ki i »/2oii) IF # ... bien /dm the ndo died thi song sdt chiin tranh? phdp DHLSDP Tir viec fim hiiu mdt sd bien phdp Ddu dn dgc biet ve chiin tranh Id gi? DHLSDP cuo GV LS d Anh, chung ta cd tlii rut ro 5) Td chue tham... kl (nhu Chiln franh the gidi thu tdm tdi viee DHLSDP Nguyen nhdn ddn din nhimg hoi), vdi nhirng cdu hdi nhu: Cugc sdng frong Chiin hgn c h i dd cd nhilu, song cung cd mdt phdn tranh thi gidi thir... LSDP Id viee ldm tgo nhilu hiing thu cho HS phdi Id bien phdp cdt y l u nhung eung ed tae O nudc Anh, ed nhiing khu vyc dugc phye vy, chdm dyng khuyin khfch HS fim hiiu LSDP vd Id sy ghi sdc bdi