HirdNG DAN QUAN Li suf DUNG II sur DUNG HE THONG BAN DO GlAO KHOA BANG PHUdNG Tl|N KY THUAT Hl|N DM TRONG DAY HOC LICH Sif 1 Mot so nguyen tac can tuan thu khi sir dung he thong ban do giao khoa bang[.]
HirdNG DAN QUAN Li suf DUNG II sur DUNG HE THONG BAN DO GlAO KHOA BANG PHUdNG Tl|N KY THUAT Hl|N DM TRONG DAY HOC LICH Sif Nguyen Tlian Anh Trudng DHSP - DH Hue Mot so nguyen tac can Hieu qua su dung ban giao tuan thu sir dung he khoa bang phuang tien ky thuat thong ban giao khoa bang hien dai phu thuoc vao phuang phuong tien ky thuat hien dai phap, bien phap cua GV trong day hoc Ijch sir qua trinh day hgc GV Idiong a Su dung he thong ban chl nam vung ngi dung tri thirc d6 giao khoa (HTBDGK) phdi can truyen dat ma phai van ddp img yiu cdu, muc tiiu ddo dung dua vao ban nhu the tgo Trong qua trinh cho hgc nao dam bao hgp II, phii hgp sinh (HS) quan sat ban phai vdi trinh va nang luc nhan lam noi rd cac doi tugng can thirc ciia HS Vi vay, qua quan sat, dieu khien tri giac trinh sir dung GV phai biet chat va hudng dan tu ciia HS Igc cac dan vi kien thuc ca ban, Ben canh cung cap ngi dung trgng tam de truyen thu eho kien thiic ca ban giao vien HS (GV) can md rgng cung cap c Ddm bdo nhiing hieu biet them ngu6n thong tin mdi lien vi bdn dd Muon sir dung ban quan mat thiet den bai hgc, dat giao khoa bang phuang tien nhung tinh hudng c6 van de ky thuat hien dai thi trudc bet bugc ngudi hgc phai dgng nao phai c6 nhQng hieu biet ve ban de tao nen sir van dgng tich cue do, nhu cac ki hieu tren ban do, ben trong, dong thdi viec mau sac, each bo tri cua ban do, sir dung ban giao khoa, GV chu thich ban Bdi vi, xet phai biet khai thac, long ghep cho ciing su dung HTBDGK ngi dung kien thirc the hien ban bang phuang tien ky thuat hien chat tiem an dang sau cac dai ve ca ban cung can phai so, sir kien Qua dd HS tu biet dam bao nhung yeu cau giong sir den hieu sir, kheu ggi hirng nhu sir dung ban d6 "chet", chi thil, danh thirc niem khat khao khac la sir dung tren may tinh, tri thuc va tu cac em c6 va c6 irng dung nhung nhu cau tim t6i, dge, tra cuu, tuu cong nghe thong tin de lam thao luan, phat bieu y kien de cu the h6a, sinh dgng ban d6 hieu sau sac van de "chet" d Ddm bdo nhimg hiiu biit b Su dung HTBDGK phdi ddm bdo tinh hgp li, khoa hgc ca bdn ve cong nghi thong tin He thong ban dugc thiet ke bang phuang tien ky thuat hien dai bao gid cung chi dugc sir dung tren may tinh mdi mang lai hieu qua, ban lai dugc xu ly tren phan mem ACD See va thiet ke tren Power Point Vl vay, muon sir dung he thong ban thi phai biet su' dung thao phan mem ACD See, Power Point Mat khac, phai c6 nhung hieu biet nhat djnh ve may tinh, PowerPoint de xu li cac sir co c6 the xay ngoai y muon chii quan ciia ngu'di sir dung Bien phap su* dung HTBDGK bang phuong tien ky thuat hien dai day hoc Ijch sir 2.1 Ddi vdi bdi hgc lich su npi khod Thu nhdt: Sir dung bdn kit hgp vdi cdc phuong phdp dgy hgc khdc GV c6 the ket hgp su dung ban vdi cac phuang phap day hgc khac nhu: Dat cau hoi nhan thuc, su dung tai lieu van de tudng thuat, mieu ta, hoac ket hgp vdi tranh anh ljch sir Thong qua d6 hudng dan HS quan sat tren ban Qua trinh su pham ciia GV phai theo mgt logic chat che lam noi ro ngi TAP CHi THI^T Bl GIAO DUC - so 72 • 8/2011 • 29 II HirdNG DAN QUAN U, suf DUNG dung bai hgc, cu the nhu sau: * Sir dung ban d6 ket hgp vdi cau h6i nhan thiic: can cu vao tinh chat, dae diem ciia cae kien thuc lich sir, chiing ta c6 the dat cac loai cau hoi sau: - Cau boi ve su phat sinh su kien, hien tugng lieh sii' ma GV se trinh bay tren ban nhu cau hoi: "Quan sdt bdn em hdy neu rd Ngo Quyin dd Igi dung dia hinh nhu thi ndo d vung cua song Bgch Ddng di ddnh thdng qudn Nam Hdn? " Doi vdi loai cau h6i thudng xuat hien vao dau bai giang, bdi bat ky mgt sir kien nao cung deu xuat hien mgt boi canh ljch su nhat dinh, deu c6 nguyen nhan phat sinh ciia n6 Tu d6, doi h6i cac em xem xet su kien lich su phai dat mgt hoan canh lich sir, tim nguyen nhan sinh sir kien Cau hoi ve qua trinh dien bien va phat trien ciia su kien lich su Sir ket hgp giua ban va dang cau hoi thi GV dan dat HS tim hieu ve dien bien cac su kien Vi du nhu sau n6i ve boi canh Idiang chien ch6ngT6ng(1075 -1077), GV dat cau h6i; "Em hdy cho biit khdng chiin chong Tong chia thdnh mdy giai dogn, ddc diim cua moi giai dogn? " Ngoai ra, c6n c6 loai cau hoi neu len dac trung, ban chat ciia sir kien, ket qua y nghTa, bai hgc kinh nghiem ljch su * Ket hgp sir dung ban vdi cac doan tudng thuat, mieu ta ve cac tran danh Idn hay cac chien dich lich sir tieu bieu se uO • g6p phan lam n6i bat ngi dung trgng tam ciia bai hgc lich sir can truydn dat cho HS Vi cac doan tudng thuat, mieu ta thudng chua dung ben nd nhung kiln thuc lich sir phong phii, da dang Vi du, day ve chien thang Bach Dang (938) sau noi qua ve boi canh dan tdi tran chien, GV can m6 ta ve vj tri song, riing tu d6 lam ro ke saeh ciia Ngo Quyen va tiep theo la tudng thuat tran chien * Sir dung HTBDGK bSng phuang tien ky thuat hien dai ket hgp vdi nien bieu lich sii', se c6 tac dung giiip HS de dang khai thac nhung tri thu'c lich sir c6 tu ban Thong qua ban de lam noi bat, sang to nhung dan vi kien thuc tu nien bieu Doi vdi boat dgng nay, GV c6 the su dung ban trudc de trinh chieu va giup HS lam ro dien bien cua cac chien dich lich sir hay cac tran danh ldn Sau d6, dung nien bieu sir kien ve cac chien dich hay cac tran danh Idn d6 de he thong h6a lai nhOng kien thuc ca ban HS can nam vung Lam nhu vay, HS viia c6 the nam bat mgt each true quan, sinh dgng ngi dung ljch sil' tu ban do, dong thdi c6 the khai quat h6a nhung kien thuc ca ban can ITnh hgi tu bai bgc Su ket hgp giua ban va nien bieu ljch sir neu thuc bien tot se c6 tac dung kb6ng nh6 viec phat huy toi da tinh tich cue, chii dgng ciia HS cac gid hgc lich sir * Ket hgp ban d6 vdi tai lieu van hgc: GV dua vao bai TAP CHi THIET Bl GIAO DUC - so 72 - 8/2011 giang k6t hgp vdi thuyet trinh tren ban lam cbo bai hgc them phong phii sinh dgng Vi nhu day ve khang chien chong Tong (1075-1077) GV ket hgp dua vao bai giang bai tha "Nam quoc son ha" hay doi vdi luge tran chien Nggc Hoi - Dong Da GV c6 the long ghep ldi du ciia Quang Trung; "Ddnh cho di ddi tdc; Ddnh cho de den rdng; Ddnh cho no chich ludn bdt phdn; Ddnh cho no phiin gidp bdt hodn; Ddnh cho su tri Nam quoc anh chi hint chu " Ngoai ra, chiing ta c6n sir dung ban ket hgp vdi tranh anh ljch sir, phim tu lieu lam bai hgc ljch sir sinh dgng hap dan bdi tranh anh va cac doan phim lich sir la nhung nguon tu lieu het sire quy gia, phan anh mdt each chan thuc nhat, khai quat nhat bien thuc ljch su khach quan da dien qua khir, dung vdi nhung gi ma ban than sir kien lich sir da dien Thu hai: Su dung bdn theo hudng md phdt huy ndng lire tri tui cua HS Viec sir dung ban day hgc ljch sir ben canh van de can phai cu the h6a nhung van de ca ban tbi can di sau vao ban chat sir kien Qua ban d6 GV dua them vao bai giang nhung kien tbiic mdi, khong dugc de cap den sach giao khoa nhung c6 lien quan mat thiet vdi bai bgc Dong thdi, dat nhung cau h6i nhan thuc dan dat ngudi hgc di tim tri thirc, ren luyen HirdNG DAN QUAN Li suf DUNG cho HS kha nang quan sat, dc phan tich, tong hgp va riit ket luan ljch su Thu ba: Su dung bdn theo hudng Idm tot cong tdc gido due tu tudng, tinh cdm Ben canh sir dung ban de phat huy nang lire nhan tbirc, phat trien tu mgt each dge lap, ren luyen cho HS kha nang tong quat, phan tich tdng hgp, la gdp phan Idn giao due tu tudng, tinh cam dao dire cho HS Vi du: Khi dung luge day ve khdi nghTa Hai Ba Trung, se giup HS thay dugc tinh than chien dau bat khuat cua phu nQ Viet Nam ndi rieng, dan tgc ta noi chung Tu d6, c6 the rut ket luan; Bao ve to qu6c la nhiem vu thieng lieng ciia tat ca mgi ngudi khong phan biet nam, nu, gia, tre 2.2 Doi vdi hogt dpng ngogikhod Hoat dgng ngoai khoa lich sir rat phong phii va da dang, ngi dung ciia boat dgng nhiem vu ciia nha trudng phd thong quy dinh Mgt so ngi dung ciia boat dgng ngoai kh6a dugc thuc bien rat thuan lgi thong qua viec sir dung HTBDGK bang phuang tien ky thuat hien dai Dieu dugc the hien nhu sau; * Su dung ban dd de tim hieu cac tran danh d dia phuang, giup HS hieu ro truySn thong dau tranh each mang cua quan va dan dia phuang minh dang sinh song va bgc tap qua khir Tir d6, giao due HS tinh yeu que huang dat nudc, biet tran trgng, giQ gin va phat huy truyen thong each mang bao biing cua dia phuang thdi ki xay dung dat nudc tien len chu nghTa xa hgi Mat khac, tim bieu cac tran danh d dia phuang Khi su dung HTBDGK de day hgc phan nay, GV can phai nam vung ve lich su dja phuang, hieu va nam chinh xac cac sir kien ljch su da dien d dja phuang de tu d6 dua vao bai giang nhQng kien thirc chinh xac, khoa hgc, dung vdi nhQng gi tung dien Mat khac, GV yeu cau HS tim hieu trudc cac tran danh tieu bieu d dia phuong thong qua sach bao, tai lieu lich sii d dia phuang hay cac vj lao each mang true tiep tham gia vao cac tran danh ldn Muc dich ciia viec lam la giup HS c6 dugc nhung hieu biet nhat dinh ve cac tran danh Idn da tung dien d dia phuang, lam tien de ca sd de bgc tap hoat dgng ngoai khoa * Sir dung ban boat dgng ngoai khoa tham quan lich sir: Viec to chuc cho HS THPT nhung chuyen tham quan lich sir xa la rat ton kem va tren thuc te cac trudng THPT chua c6 kha nang Tuy nhien, chung ta c6 the to chirc cho cac em nhung chuyen tham quan lich sir khong kem phan hap dan tren man hinh Projecter Tu ban Viet Nam chiing ta c6 the tao nhQng slide sinh dgng gidi thieu ve nhQng II dja danh Ijch sir, nhung den dai, lang mieu, cae di san van boa Vi du nhu; Tham quan Ijch sir vdi ehii de ve tham que Bac: GV diing ban d6 Viet Nam, cbo xuat bien vj tri tinh Nghe An, lien ket vdi ban nho "Bdn hdnh chinh tinh Nghe An " qua d6 danh dau vj tri lang Hoang Trii va Lang Sen que Bac Ket hgp vdi cac tranh anh va doan phim tu lieu de thuyet minh, qua d6 HS c6 the hinh dung cu the di tich que huang Bac Ho * Su dung ban tr6 chai Ijch sir: Trong cac gid boat dgng ngoai khoa GV cd the thiet ke cac tr6 chai ljch sir gan lien vdi ban Chang ban tr6 choi chu, hoac tren mgt ban cam GV cho xuat hien ten cac dja danh eung mgt s6 du kien c6 lien quan de h6i su kien lich sii', nhan vat lich sir Tai iieu tham khao Lam Quang D6c, Bdn dd gido khoa, NXB DH Quoc gia HN,HaNgi, 1997 Phan Nggc Lien, Trjnh Dinh Tiing, Nguyen Thj Coi, Phuang phdp dgy hgc lich su, tdpl,2, NXB DHSP, Ha Ngi, 2002 Phan Nggc Lien, Trjnh Dinh Tiing, Nguyen ST Que Le Dinh Cuang, Dao Huu Hau, Npi dung vd phuang phdp sir dung bdn gido khoa lich su treo tudng, tap I, NXB Giao due Ha Ngi, 1996 TAP CHi THI^T Bj GIAO Dye - so 72 - 8/2011 • 31 ... danh Idn da tung dien d dia phuang, lam tien de ca sd de bgc tap hoat dgng ngoai khoa * Sir dung ban boat dgng ngoai khoa tham quan lich sir: Viec to chuc cho HS THPT nhung chuyen tham quan lich... c6 the hinh dung cu the di tich que huang Bac Ho * Su dung ban tr6 chai Ijch sir: Trong cac gid boat dgng ngoai khoa GV cd the thiet ke cac tr6 chai ljch sir gan lien vdi ban Chang ban tr6 choi... cac sir kien ljch su da dien d dja phuang de tu d6 dua vao bai giang nhQng kien thirc chinh xac, khoa hgc, dung vdi nhQng gi tung dien Mat khac, GV yeu cau HS tim hieu trudc cac tran danh tieu