CONG NGHE DAY HOC PHAT TRIEN Kl NANG SdroUNG CAC PHUDNG TIEN Kf THUAT HIEN OAI TRONG DAY HOC SO TV NHIEN d TIED HOC ''''tijX^ S" TII$ N|llrilTIl!Hlfng Tnrdng Bfi hfc Sirphfm Hi Nfl 2 1 D$t van dl gido vi[.]
CONG NGHE DAY HOC PHAT TRIEN Kl NANG SdroUNG CAC PHUDNG TIEN Kf THUAT HIEN OAI TRONG DAY HOC SO TV NHIEN d TIED HOC 'tijX^-S" D$t van dl Trong cdc mdn hgc d tilu hpc, todn hgc id mft nhfing mdn hgc quan trgng gdp phan hinh thdnh kiln thiic, ki ndng (KN) thyc hdnh, ren luyfn tu todn hgc cho hgc sinh (HS) Ngi dung chuong trinh mdn todn d tilu hpc gdm nhieu vin de, dd van dl ve so hpc vd cy thi Id vifc dgy hpc so ty nhien la quan trpng nhit, ddng vai trd c6t 161, nln tdng dl HS tilu hgc tham gia hgc t$p nhihig nfi dung todn hgc khdc D I cd dupc nhihig bdi gidng todn vl s6 ty nhien hay, hip din, nhihig hogt dfng dgy hgc todn cd hifu qud thi ngudi gido vien tilu hpc (GVTH) phdi cd nhihig kiln thiic vd KN chuydn mdn CO bdn nhit, cin thilt nhit Nhiing kiln thii:c, KN nghi nghifp ndy cd dugc qua thyc tl gidng dgy d cdc tnrdng tilu hpc, qua nhilu ndm tich luy kinh nghifm dgy hpc todn ciia bdn thdn, qua hpc hdi vifc dgy-hgc todn tir bgn be ding nghifp vd quan hgng hon cd id tinh yeu vdi nghi dgy hgc Id sy no lyc, c6 gdng khdng ngimg cua ban thdn TII$.N|llrilTIl!Hlfng Tnrdng Bfi hfc Sirphfm Hi Nfl gido vien (GV) De ldm thay doi nlign th^c ve dgy vd hgc cac tnrdng tieu hgc hifn GV thay vi chi dgy hgc theo cdch truyin thing trudc day thi ddcd thdm nhieu phuong phdp dgy hgc, tich cyc hon, cd cdch dgy hpc bdng mdy chieu, bdng gido dn difn tii, bdng cdc phdn mim tuong tdc, Dl tl chic mft gid 18n ldp theo cdch hpc trdn, GV cin cd KN sd dyng cdc phuong tifn ki thudt dgy hgc (PTKTDH) hifn dgi Day id KNGV tiln hanh su dyng, khai thde cdc PTKTDH cd sy iing dyng CNTT vd truyin thdng (mdy chiiu, mdy tmh difn td, cdc phin mim dgy hgc, ) dl hinh thdnh ngi dung l>ai hpc mdi cho HS Nhd cd kl ndng dgy hgc (KNDH) nay, GV cd thi tgo cdc bdi gidng vl so ty nhien hay hon, hip dan hon doi vdi HS Trong cdc bdi gidng, HS se dupc tilp thu kiln thirc qua nhilu kenh tuong tdc khdc nhau, dugc tham gia nhieu dgng bai t4p (trdc nghifm, noi d, ) Thyc tl cho thiy, nhilu GVTH dgy hgc cdc ngi dung todn hgc ndi ehung vd dgy hpc cdc ngi dung vl sd ty nhien ndi ri€ng cdn it sii dyng tdi cdc phuong tifn ki thugt hifn dgi ndy Cd thi kira rit nhieu lido: khd ndng tin hgc ciia GV cdn han che, dilu lufn co sd v^t chat chua diy du, GV chua thgt sy diu tu thdi gian, tri tuf vdo cdc bdi gidng, Viv$y, nliieu vifc sii dvmg phuong tifn kt thuat hifn dgi vd ling dvmg CNTT dgy hpc d tilu hpc mang tinh hinh thiic, chua phdt huy dugc thih tich cyc, sdng tgo ciia GV Bifn phdp thfx hifn Trudc hit, ta cin phdi cd nlign thuc dung ddn vl KNDH vd KN sd dyng cdc thilt bj dgy hgc hifn dgi (cd iing dyng CNTT vd truyin thdng) KNDH Id hf thong cdc thao tdc, hanh dfng phitc hpp vgn dyng kiln thuc vd kinh nghifm su phgm nhflng dilu kifn khdc nhdm thyc hifn cd hifu qud hogt dpng dgy hpc KNDH la mpt so cdc KN su phgm cua GV ndi ehung vd cua GVTH ndi rieng Cd Ihl ndi day Id KN quan trgng nhit, la nhflng KN ddm bdo cho hogt dgng dgy hgc ciia ngudi GV mang lgi ket qud Ilkiiihilngiy3/6/20l3-SgiyduyitdiHg2S/J/20l3 T4P CHf T H ^ q O A O DVC-sfi 96-8/2013 • kV if> llimasiaiiiiBS cao Trong qud trinh dgy hgc, dl td chiic cdng hay ndi each khdc la hodn thdnhchiic ndng nghe nghifp ciia minh, ngudi GV phdi cd cac KNDH CO bdn va cdn thiet nhu: KN phdn tich ngi dung chuong trinh mdn hgc, KN ttiiet ke kl hogch bdi hgc (KN soan gido an), KN van dyng phoi hgp linh hoat cdc phuong phdp day hpc, KN sir dyng cdc thilt bi day hgc hifn dgi (cd img dyng CNTT va truydn thdng), KN xdy dvmg hf thong cau hdi ggi md, KN xay dyng hf thing bdi tfp, KN danh gid kit qud hpc tfp todn ciia HS Nhu vfy, KN sic dyng cdc thilt bj dgy hpc hifn dgi (cd ling dyng CNTT vd truydn thdng) ttudc hit dd la mpt KNDH, Id hf thing cdc thao tdc, hdnh dfng phirc hgp sir dyng cdc PTKTDH, djc bift Id cdc phuong tifn cd sy ling dyng CNTT vd truyen thdng ciia GV dl phyc vy cho qud trinh dgy hgc, ttong nhimg dilu kifn khdc nhdm thyc hifn cd hifu qud hoat dpng dgy hpc, gdp phin thyc hifn myc tieu cua qud binh dgy hpc D I ren luyfn va phat ttiln KN ndy cho GV ttong dgy hpc so ty nhien d tilu hpc, Chung ta cd thi tiln hdnh nhu sau: a Xac djnh h^ thong cac thao tac - Hogt dgng 1: Tun hilu cdc PTKTDH, ddc bift Id cdc phuong tifn cd su iing dyng CNTT va truyen thdng ggi Chung la PTKTDH hifn dgi + GV quan sdt bdng hinh dgy hgc, ttanh dnh minh hga, thao ludn vd ndu khdi nifm, tim hilu cdc chiic ndng vd phan logi PTKTDH dugc dung: thiet bj quang hgc difn tu nhu mdy chieu qua ddu Overhead, mdy ehilu da phuong tifn Multimedia Projector, tiiilt bj difn td nhu TV, Video, mdy ghi am, thilt bi computer nhu mdy tinh difn tit vd mgng may tuih, cdc dia CD, phan mem gido dyc, + GV neu mgt sl ddc dilm, cdng dyng, nguyfn tdc hogt dgng ciia cac thilt b) - Hogt dgng 2: Khai thde, sii dyng cdc PTKTDH hifn dgi + GV quan sat bdng hinh tgp huin, ttanh dnh minh hga, thdo lugn vd neu cdch thirc sir dyng cdc logi phuong tifn + GV thyc hdnh sd dyng mgt sd loai phuong tifn ki thugt hifn dgi + GV thyc hdnh KN tm hgc: sogn thdo van bdn, thiet ke gido dn, su dyng mgt sd phan mim dgy hgc todn cdc ldp ddc bift Id phan dgy hgc cdc ngi dung ve so ty nhien, khai thde thdng tin trfn mang, + GV thdo lugn, neu cdc yeu cau cua vifc sii dyng cdc PTKTDH hifn dgi vd iimg 48 • TillP CHf THlfTBIGlAO DVC-sfi 96-8/2013 dyng CKTT ttong dgy hgc ndi dung so ty nhidn, tim hilu cau triic mft bdi gidng ttdn mdy tt'nh, xdy dvmg qui ttinh thilt kl bdi gidng cd dng dyng CNTT -^ GV vgn dyng dl soan gidng cdc bdi dgy vl so ty nhien bdng mdy tuih difn tii, gidng bai bdng mdy chiiu, sd dyng phin mim dl day hgc cdc ngi dung vl s6 ty nhien b Qui trinh lh\fc hanh - Budc 1: To chuc cdc hogt dgng thyc tiln gidp GV cd nhfn thiirc dung ddn vl vai ttd quan ttgng cda KN si dyng cdc dl dimg, PTKTDH ddc bift cd sy ling dvmg cda CNTT vd ttoiyln thdng + Myc dich; Giiip GV thiy dugc vai trd cda vifc sii dyng cdc dl ddng dgy hpc, tim quan trpng cda vifc rfn luyfn KN sd dyng dl diing dgy hgc + Cdch thiic thvrc hifn + GV tim hilu nfi dung vd phucmg phdp dgy hgc vl s6 ty nhien cho HS dl thiy dugc vai ttd vd nhitng yfu cin cin cd KN su dyng cdc PTKTDH hifn dgi + GV tich cyc tham gia bdi dudng chuyfn mdn vd nghifp vy qua cdc buli thdo lugn, sinh hogt chuyen mdn to chuyfn mdn d ttudng hoJc cdc trudng thufc Phdng Gido dyc (lien trudng) de ndng cao nhfn thde vl vifc sd dyng cdc phuong tifn dgy hgc ddc bift Id PTKTDH, Ill tiiiy dupc hi$u qud cua v i ^ sue dyng cdc phuang ti^n ndy day hpc cdc sd ty nhi€n - Budc 2: Tim hieu cdc I^uang ti^n kl thuat d^y hpc hi^nd^i + Myc dich: GV ndm dupc ten gpi, ddc dilm, tdc dyng (chtic ndng), phan lo^i cua mpt so phuong tipn d^y hpc hipn d^ (cd sy ung dyng CNTT va truyin thdng) nhu mdy chieu, mdy tinh di^n ti^, phan mem d^y hpc, bdng binh video, + Cdch thiic thyc hipn + GV sinh ho^t tl chuyen mdn, to chtic nghi6n cthi sdch gido khoa, tai li^u tham khdo dl chi cdc dd dCmg, phuong tl^n dupc sur dyng dl d^y hpc sl ty nhi6n: li^t ke cdc dung, trudng hpp s^ dyng, luu y si^ dyng, sy khdc sii dyng d cdc giai d o ^ dp tuoi HS tilu hpc, xde dinh cdc tiiao tdc, ho^t dpng tren cdc dl dung sii dyng dl d^y hpc + GV tham gia cdc ldp bli dudng chuySn mdn, chuyen de vl sii dyng cdc PTKTDH de ndng cao hi^u qua d^y hpc todn vd cdc mdn hpc khdc d tilu hpc: xem bdng hinh mau, dy gid thyc tl cua GV - Budc 3: To chiic boi dudng de ndng cao kiln thiic CO bdn ve tin hpc, CNTT cho GV, t§p luy?n cho GV bilt sit dyng cdc PTKTDH, mdy tinh di^n tii, khai thde tiidng tin trSn mang dl phyc vy cho viec d^y hpc s6 ty nhien + Myc dich: GV cd kien thtie CO bdn ve tin hpc, bilt sur dyng vd khai thde cd hipu qua m^t sd thilt bj day hpc kithuat + Cdch thic thyc hipn: + Sd, Phdng gido dyc cdn td chiic cdc ldp boi dudng, Idp tgp huin chuyen dl sii dung phuong tipn kl thu$t hipn dgi vd ling dyng CNTT dgy hpc d tilu hpc dk nang cao trinh dp tin hpc cho GV va doi mdi hinh thiic phucmg phdp dgy hpc + GV tham gia ddy du cdc ldp hpc boi duong chuySn mdn chuyen dl vl ling dyng CNTT dgy hpc d tilu hpc, ndm dupc cdc yeu cliu cua vipe iing dyng CNTT dgy hpc sl ty nhien, cau tnic mpt bdi gidng di$n tOr, qui trinh xdy dyng bdi gidng dipn tOr, bilt vgn dyng thyc hanh de dgy so ty nhien cd hipu qud (sd: dyng cdc phlui mim dgy hpc, phdn mem dl sogn thdo vd trinh chiiu bdi gidng dipn tur, each khai thde dii lipu thdng tin tren mgng internet, ) c, Ddnh gid kit qua ren luyfn KNsd- dgng PTKTDH hifn dgi - Hogt dpng ddnh gid: + To chuyen mdn sinh hogt vl chd de, yeu cau cd nhdn GV to churc mpt bdi dgy sd ty nhien bdng mdy chieu vd gido dn dipn tii + Thi thilt kl bai gidng dipn tu, gido dn dipn tu dl dgy hpc npi dung vl so ty nhi€n + Yeu cdu mpt bai gidng dipn tii dgy hpc npi dung ve sl ty nhien vdi GV tham gia thi GV dgy gidi cdc cap, - Tieu chi ddnh gid + Miic dp dgt: GV cd nhdn thiic dung ddn ve vai trd ciia vipe ren luypn, phat triln KNDH nay; GV cd kha ndng tin hpc tdt, bilt v$n dyng dl thilt ke cdc gido dn, bdi gidng difntd, + Miic dO chua dgt: GV chua cd nhgn thtie diing ddn vl KNDH ndy, GV chua cd khd ndng ty thilt kl, xdy dyng cdc bdi gidng,^ gido dn dipn td, GV chua ndm dupc qui tiinh to chuc m$t gid dgy n$i dung ve so ty nhien sCr dyng cdc thilt b] cd sy ling dyng CNTT vd truyin thdng Ket qud d^t Hvtfc Qua thyc tl dp dyng bifn phdp tren, tdi thay KN sti dyng PTKTDH hipn dgi, cd sy ling dyng CNTT vd truyin thdng ciia GV dd dupc nang cao khd nhilu Dilu dd dupc thi hipn qua vipe GV dd bilt cdch tgo cdc bdi gidng, gido dn dipn tii, bilt sii dyng cac phuong tifn nhu mdy chiiu, ti vi, cdc phan mem dgy hpc ve phin so ty nhien mpt cdch thdnh thgo, cd nhilu GV say me tham gia thi thilt T4PCHlTHl6^B|GlA0 DVC-5096-8/2013 • 49 CONG NGHE DAY HOC kl gido dn, bdi gidng difn td Phdng, Sd Gido dyc phdt dfng Qua do, tinh tich cue, tinh sdng tgo cua GV cang dugc thi hifn nhieu hon Ket lu^n D I dgy hgc tdt cac ngi dung vl sl ty nhien ttong chuong ttinh mdn todn d tieu hgc, GV phdi khdng ngdng ndng cao trinh dg chuyen mdn vd KNDH cua minh dd KN sd dyng thilt bi kl thudt dgy hgc cd dng dyng CNTT vd tniyln thdng Tde gid bdi vilt hi vpng rdng, bifn phdp neu tten se giup GVTH ndng eao hon nfla KNDH nay, gdp phin nang cao chit lugmg dgy hpc sd ty nhifn cho HS Tai lifu tham khao Bp Gido dyc vd Dao tgo, Chuong trinh Tieu hgc, NXB Gido dyc, HaNgi, 2000 Bf Gido due vd Ddo tao, Chuong trinh khung gido dyc dgi hgc nganh Giao dyc Tilu hgc trinh dg dgi hgc, NXB Gido dyc, Hd Nfi, 2006 Bg Gido dyc vd Ddo tgo, Dy dn phdt triln gido vidn Tilu hpc, Chuan nghi nghifp gido vien Tidu hgc, Ha Nfi, 2007 Do Dmh Hoan (Chd bidn) (2002), Todn 1, Todn 2, Todn 3, Todn 4, Todn 5, NXB Gido dyc, Hd Ngi Nguyen Bd Kim, Phuong phdp dgy hpc mdn Todn, NXB Dgi hpc Su phgm HdNpi, HdNpi, 2003 Summary: In order to better teach the content of the program naturally in elementary mathematics, teachers must constantly raise the level of expertise and their teaching skills including ability to use teaching techniques and equipment application of information technology and communications The author hopes that the above measures will help primary school teachers to liirther enhance the teaching skills and contribute to improving the quality of teaching and learning for students of nature QDAN LY HOAT DONG THOC TAP LAM SANG (ri^ri.e„ trang 26) cdnh tuong ty De cdc gidi phdp tren cd tinh chat kha thi TTLS DD vien cho HS chn phdi kit hpp ddng bp cdc yeu to vd phat huy tinh thiin trdch nhi^m, ndng lyc chuyen mdn, dgo dure nghe nghipp, trdch nhipm xd hpi cua cdc tgp till, ca nhan d cac CO sd ddo tgo nganh y vd cua bpnh vi^n Tdi lifu tham khao Bp Y tl, Quyit dinh sd 1352/QD-BYTvi viec phe duyet tdi lieu Chudn ndng lgc ca bdn cua Diiu dudng Vi^t Nam BO NOi vy, Qi^it dinh so 41/2005/QD~BNV ngdy 22/4/2005 ve viec ban hdnh tieu chudn nghi$p vg ciia dieu dudng 3.ViNguy?tHovaPhgm Diic Myc, Hi?n trgng ngudn nhdn lgc Diiu du&ng, nhiing thach thuc vd tuang lai cua ngudi Diiu duang Viet Nam, Thdng tin Dieu duang sd 24 thdng 3/2005 Nguyin VSn Thanh, Ddo tgo Diiu dudng a cdc nudc Ddng Nam A, Thong tin Dieu dudng sd 31, tiidng 12/2006 SO • TAP CHf T H I ^ BIGlAO DVC-sd 96-8/2013 Summary Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho ChiMinh City has had many solutions to manage the clinical practice of nursing students To meet new demands and new tasks the management of clinical nursing practice in the hospital has to continue to improve awareness, quality of planning, organizing, testing, evaluation of clinical practice, as well as' to improve professional training for staffs, teachers, and coordinating with other training facilities ...llimasiaiiiiBS cao Trong qud trinh dgy hgc, dl td chiic cdng hay ndi each khdc la hodn thdnhchiic ndng nghe nghifp