HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG NAY DlMli VA Siif DUNG BAN OO GlAO KHOA DIEN TUT TRONG DAY HOC UCH SUf ti TRlTdNG PHO T H O N G 1 Ban &h gido khoa di^n tft trong day hgc lich su Bdn do gido khoa Ifch sir (BD[.]
HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG NAY DlMli VA Siif DUNG BAN OO GlAO KHOA DIEN TUT TRONG DAY HOC UCH SUf ti TRlTdNG PHO T H O N G TS NguySn Thdnh Nhdn Tnrdng DHSP - DHHui Ban &h gido khoa di^n tft day hgc lich su Bdn gido khoa Ifch sir (BDGKLS) Id logi bdn dd dugc dimg nhd trudng, ttgn dd phdn dnh cdc sy kipn, hipn tugng LS tdn tgi vd vgn dgng phdt trien mgt khdng giaUj thai gian nhdt djnh Bdn gido khoa dien tir (BDGKDT) dgy hgc lich sir Id mgt dgng BDGKLS, ttiy nhien nd dugc xdy dung vdi sy hd ttg ciia CNTT, tao nen ylu Id "dien td" cua BDGKLS Cd thl hilu BDGKDT DHLS la BDGK dd dugc so hoa dugc chuong trinh hoa thdng qua moi tnrdng da phuong tiin vd co khd ndng tuang tde dua trin su ho trg cUa CNTT qud trinh DHLS Tinh chat, dgc trimg, cac loai BDGKDT dgy hgc lich sir d tnrdng thong a.Tinh chdt Tinh khoa hgc cua BDGKLS dap ftng ygu cdu phu hgp vdi chuong trinh gidng dgy LS cua lung ldp, tiing cap hgc Tinh khoa hgc cua ban dd bidu hipn d tinh chinh xdc cua co sd toan hgc, ridi dung LS thg hien trgn bdndd Tinh true quan cua BDGKLS till hien d tdc dp nhan bilt cdc ddi tugng va hien tugng bieu hien ttdn ban dd Tinh tryc quan cdng cao lgi mdu thudn vdi tinh khoa hgc cua BDGKLS Bdi vi linh true quan cang cao thi muc dd cudng dieu hda cdng ldn, vipc bidu hipn cdc ddi tugng vd hipn tugng tren bdn dd cdng kem chinh xdc, ldm cho tfnh khoa hgc cua BDGKLS gidm Do dd, chung ta cdn kit hgp lfnh tryc quan vd tfnh khoa hgc ciia BDGKLS mgt each ch^t che Tinh suphgm cua BDGKLS phii hgp v6i ylu cau khach quan cua qud trinh su dyng phdi hgp eac logi BDGK ttong DHLS d trudng PT Viec sft dung phdi hgp cdc loai BDGKLS se hmh thdnh he thdng kidn thftc ban ttong HSj giup HS hgc tap mdn LS cd kdt qua BDGKLS phai phii hgp vdi chuong trinh LS cua timg cap hgc va timg ldp hgc, phii hgp vdi trinh HS b Dac trung BDGKDT cd nhung dac trung, uu diem ridng, dd la: Tinh so hoa (Digitalize).' Sd hod dft lieu la hinh thftc chuyen ddi cdc du lieu truyen thdng ben ngoai dgng du lieu sd md mdy tinh cd the hidu dugc Thong thudng, cdc dft lieu dgng chft, hinh anh, dm thanh, sft dyng ttdn mdy tinh vd dugc mdy tinh nhdn bigt dung dinh dgng, dugc ggi chung Id dft lieu sd Tinh chuong trinh hda (Programmable).' Sau da sd hda du lieu, BDGKDT phdi dugc xay dung theo y dd, muc tieu su phgm nhdt dinh dua trdn sy hd ttg cua cdc phan m l m may tinh Ndi dung BDGKDT dugc thl hien qua cdc ki higu hogt hinh dgng, cd lien ket hinh anh, am phim, Tat cd phdi dugc sdp xep, trinh bdy theo mdt trinh ty nhat djnh, dam bdo dung dien biln ciia sy kipn LS, phu hgp vdi ngi dung bai hgc ttong SGK Ngodi ra, ngi dung BDGICDT cdn dugc xay dung theo hudng md rgng thgm ndi dung kidn thftc de lam cho BDGKDT them^ sinh dgng, da dang, hap dan, phu hgp vdi ddi tugng HS nhung vdn dam bao theo mdt trinh ty nhat dinh, khdng Idm "qud tdi" ndi dung bdi hgc SGK Tinh da phuong tiin, da truyen thong (Multimedia): Cac phan chinh tgo nen mdi tnrdng da phuang tien ciia BDGKDT gdm cd: van ban (Text), hinh dnh ddng (Animation), anh ITnh (Image), phim (Video), am (Sound), thuyet minh (Voice), bdng dft lieu (Table), bigu (Graph), chu gidi bdn dd (Legend), Tinhtuongtdc(hvtcTa.ct\vQ): Trong day hgc, ndi ddn tuong tdc la ndi ddn sy hgp ldc, edng tdc, tac dgng qua lai giua cdc Id cua he thdng dgy hgc bao gdm: GV, HS, myc lieu, ehuang trinh - ngi dung, PPDH, phuong tien dgy hgc va kigm tra - ddnh gia c Cdc dang BDGKDT day hoc lich sir GV cd the su dung nhigu loai BDGKDT nhu: BDGK ttong sdch dien tft, BDGK ttong atlas dign tu, BDGK ttong BGDT, BDGKDT GV va HS til tgo TAP CHITHIETBI GIAO DUC-SO 89-01/2013 • 33 HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG Y nghia cOa BDGKDT dgy h^c ljch sd* d trirdng IVung hpc p h i thong Vi mgt kien thuc: BDGKDT ttong DHLS thl hi$n hodn cdnh ty nhidn va xd h0i xdy sy kipn, giup HS hinh thdnh bieu tugng ve khdng gian vd thdi gian xdy sy kipn LS mgt cdeh de ddng Qud trinh tiep thu kiln thuc ciia HS bao gid ciing gdn lien vdi vi^c hinh nhihig bilu tugng (hinh anh) cy the ttong dc cdc cm Hinh dnh cdng dgm ndt, dugc khSc sau, thi vipc nhgn thftc khdi niem cang ehde chdn, bin vftng Do do, BDGKDT DHLS dem lai cho HS bieu tugng ve qua khft da lam chd dya viing chdc cho HS dan dan nam dugc nhiing net khdi qudt, dign hinh tao nen dac trung ciia npi ham khdi niem No la phuang tipn cd hipu qud dg hinh cac khdi nipm LS, giup cho HS nam dugc nhftng quy luat cua sy phat Irien xa hdi Ddng thdi, nd cdn giup HS nhd kT, nhd lau, hieu sau nhimg hinh dnh, nhimg kidn thftc LS thu nhan dugc Ve boi duong tu tudng tinh cdm: BDGKDT ttinh bdy sy phat trien ciia trinh dg san xuat, trinh dg ve van hda, truyen thdng Iao dgng, truydn thdng chdng ngogi xdm, su ddng gdp cua cdc ddn tdc, vai ttd cua quan chiing nhan dan su nghiep dung nudc va gift nude, vai ttd cua cdc vi nhan ttong LS Do dd, nd cd tdc dyng truyen cam manh me va sau sac, gdp phan hinh thdnh nhihig pham chat dao dftc can thilt cho HS theo nhimg tieu chudn dae trung cua ngudi mdi \^et Nam md nha trudng phd thdng phai dao tao nhu: nhChig tinh cdm mgnh mg v l Idng yeu men ldnh ty, nhChig anh hiing edch mgng, ydu lao d^ng, cdm thil sdu sdc 66\ vdi bgn dp bftc bdc Igt, dong tinh vd ling h0 nhiing cugc dau tranh chinh nghTa, cd tinh cdm yeu nudc chan chfnh, tinh than quic tcvd sdn, Ve mgt phdt trien BDGKDT giiip HS phdt triln ndng lyc Iri tup, kha ndng quan sdt, tri ludng lugng, tu vd khd ndng ngdn ngft cua minh BDGKDT DHLS khdng khdi phyc lgi hinh dnh cua sy vgt hogl dpng ciia ng^udi, ddi song x3 hgi the hoan chinh md chi phan anh nhiing mdt djnh lugng va djnh tinh cua qua trinh LS Do dd, nhin vdo BDGKDT, HS se phdi suy nghT van dgng cdc thao tde tu duy, dd hinh dung lgi cdc sy kien dd tftng dien qua khu Dieu dd se giup cho tri td md, suy nghT, tu cua HS vd tim ngdn ngft dd "dgc " ban dd, didn dgt bang ldi ehinh xdc cd hinh dnh cy the ve bftc tranh cua xd hdi da qua BDGKDT gdp phan quan trgng vdo vide phdt ttien tu LS Nd khdng chi la DDTQ de minh hga, cu the hda sy kipn dygc ttinh bay, md cdn diing de phan tich, khdi qudt, giai thfch cdc hien tugng LS, hinh thdnh eac mdi lien hp LS ndi chung vd mdi lien he nhdn qua ndi rieng Cd the kjidng dinh rdng, BDGKDT ttong DHLS khdng dimg Igi d nhgn thftc cdm tinh ma d linh vyc tu duy, lam cho HS tdn it thdi gian md thu dugc hipu qud ttong vipc hieu biet qud khii Quy trinh xay d u n g BDGKDT g i m cdc birdc sau Budc 1: Xdc djnh myc tidu • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 89 - 01/2013 vd kiln thftc co bdn ciia bdi hgc LS cdn sft dyng ban GV cdn nghidn cftu kT bdi hpc qua SGK, sdch GV vd cdc tdi li^u tham khdo dk xdc djnh mye tieu, kien thftc co bdn cua bdi hgc Tren co sd dd, GV xdc djnh ngi dung kien thiic ndo ciia bdi hgc can sft dyng BDGKDT Budc 2: Thu thdp vd xu If sd hda cdc nguon ldi lipu lien quan: GV tien hdnh thu thgp, chgn lgc vd so hda cdc nguon ldi lipu cd lidn quan din nhiing kien thftc co bdn dd dugc xdc djnh Suu tam thdm cdc ngudn tu lipu dd dugc sd hda teen CD-Rom, Internet, Sau thu thgp, tidn hanh xft If eac tir lipu dd chgn lgc dd ndng cao chat lugng vd hinh dnh, dm Budc 3: Xae djnh he thdng ki hieu, mdu sde eiia bdn do.- Ki hieu ban dd Id ngon ngft bdn do, ddy Id mgt loai ngdn ngft nhan tgo, mang tinh quy udc cao giiia ngudi xay dyng vdi ngudi sft dyng Vipc su dung cdc kf hidu tren ban dd khdng chi cd y nghia minh hga md cdn cd lac dung gido dudng, gido dye ldn, gdp phdn tgo bidu tugng, gay xuc cdm vd phdt trien tu HS Mdi Id hieu tren ban dd deu mang mgt y nghia, ngi dung LS ndo dd, giup GV vd HS phan biet giua ki hieu cua sy kien, hipn tugng LS vdi ki hieu cua sy kipn, hidn tugng LS khdc Vi vdy, cdn phdi lua chgn, xde dinh vd xdy dung he thdng ki hidu bdn thdng nhdt phii hgp vdi ndi dung ciia cd Idida trinh _LS Thdng thudng, ngucri la thdng nhat cdc dgng ki hidu nhu: Ki hipu hinh hgc, ki hidu chft, ki hipu tugng hinh, ki hipu tugng tiamg, ki hieu mau sdc Budc 4: Dy kign cdc kilu HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG trinh tu hidu iing vd ede ngi dung lidn kgt cua ban dd phft hgp vdi y tudng su pham Thuc hign budc ndy, ddi hdi GV phdi nam vihig loan bd ttinh ty ngi dung dien bidn su kien, hipn tugng LS ciang nhu hinh dung dugc nhung hogt dgng su phgm tren ldp Tren co sd dd, GV dy kien cdc kidu, ttinh ty hi^u ftng vd cac ndi dung lien ket ciia bdn dd cho phu hgp vdi y ludng su pham, tranh dd trudng hgp su kidn LS dien trude nhxmg hieu ftng xual hien lgi sau sy kipn LS khdc Budc 5- Phdc thdo bd cyc ndi dung cua bdn dd: Bd cue BDGKDT dl DHLS gdm cd bdn chinh, ten ban do, ti le, bang chii gidi, bdn dd phy, hinh anh, phim tu lieu, cdc bieu do, cdc bang bieu, Ban chinh phai duge sdp xdp d vi tri thudri tien nhal, ten ban Id yeu td hd trg cho bdn dd, phdi lua chgn kidu chu, cd chft, mdu sac cua chft vd bd tri chft cho rd rdng true quan, cd tinh tham mi vd hap dan, phii hgp vdi ndi dung, kich thudc, hinh dgng cua ban Bd cyc, kieh thudc, mau sac cua ban phy, eae bdng bieu, can ddi, hdi hda vdi bd cue chung Budc 6: Tidn hdnh xay dyng trdn may vi linh vdi phan mdm thfch hgp Xay dyng BDGKDT dd DHLS d tren ldp nen can lua chgn nhiing phdn mem phu hgp Trong sd cdc phdn mem Macromedia Flash, ACD See, PowerPoint thi phan mem PowerPoint la cd tinh khd thi vi nd dugc hdu het cdc GV dimg dl xay dung bdi gidng dien tii (BGDT) dgy hgc d tien Idp Cdc hieu img tiinh chilu ttong phan mem PowerPoint cd dii khd ndng de thd hidn tdt cdc ngi dung trinh bdy cua mpt BDGKDT Viec chen hinh dnh, Sm thanh, phim lu lieu, Do dd, xdy d\mg BDGKDT bdng phan mdm PowerPoint sg rat thudn igi eho vi^c chen vdo BGDT cua GV dg tgo thdnh mgt ngi dung bai gidng lidn tyc, thong nhat vd dd dang su dyng Budc 7: Chay thft vd dieu chinh ve ngi dung eung nhu ky thudt Sau xdy dung, can chay thft timg phan roi todn bg de kidm tea cdc sai sdt, ndu cd dieu kien nen cho chgy thft tedn nhidu mdy vi tinh khdc de ddm bdo sy tuong thich Sau dd, tidn hdnh chinh sfta ndi dung, hinh thftc thd hien ciing nhu kieu va thu ty trinh dien cua cac hieu ftng cho hgp If hon vdi muc tigu, ke hogeh su phgm ma kich ban da dd Budc 8: Luu tap tin frdn mdy linh va the nhd USB hogc CD-Rom Ghi tap tin BDGKDT ldn CD-Rom hay the nhd USB dl luu trft, sft dyng tten ldp va phdng ttanh tinh trang may vi tinh xay dung tap lin bj gap sy cd Neu xay dyng chp nhieu ngudi sft dyng thi can kem them file hudng ddn sft dyng Cac bidn phdp su dung hieu qua BDGKDT day hpc lich sii d trudng Trung hoc thong -1- Sic dung BDGKDT di mieu td dia danh sg kiin LS, chdng ban, GV dgy muc II.2, bdi 20 "Cuoc khang chidn toan qude chdng thye dan Phap kit tiiue (1953 - 1954)" (SGK LS 12 - CTC), GV can thilt phdi sft dung BDGKDT vd Chiin dich Difn Bien Phu II (1954) dd mieu td khdi qudt cd phan tfeh vd vj tri lgp dodn eft diem ciia tbyc dan Phdp d Dipn Bien I^bii Sau trinh bay xong van dd^ "Dipn Bien Phft cd vj tri chien luge then chot d Ddng Duong vd d cd Ddng Nam A Vi v^y, De qude Phdp dd xdy dyng Dipn Bidn Phii thdnh mgt lgp dodn cu diem mgnh nhdt Ddng Duong", GV ndn kithgp neu cdu hdi: "Chiing dd bd tri cdng sy vd Iuc lugng nhu the ndo ma ty cho la phao ddi khdng thl cdng pha?" HS suy nghT van de dgt ra, song khdng tea ldi cdu hdi md theo doi GV tiep tyc trinh bay trdn ban dd vd each bd phdng cdc cdng sy, luc lugng ciia djch d Dien Bidn Phil de cudi cimg nil ket luan vd giai ddp dugc cau hdi dgt Cach gidng nhu vgy khdng don dieu, budn^ Id ma idiai ggi sy td md hidu biel cua HS + Sir dung BDGKDT di tudng thudt su kiin LS: Tudng thuat la kd lai, trinh bay cd chu de ve mdt bien cd hay mgt qud trinh didn bien cua sy kidn LS, nhung hogl dgng cu the ciia quan chiing nhdn dan hay cua mdt nhan vat LS Chang hgn, GV dgy myc II.2, bai 20 "Cugc khang chien loan qude chdng thuc dan Phdp ket thiic (1953 - 1954)" (SGK LS 12 - CTC), GV cdn thilt phdi sft dung BDGKDT vl Chiin dich Dien Bien Phu (1954) dl tudng thugt vd diln bign ttdn ddnh Him Lam md mdn ttong chign dich Dipn Bien Phu Vide sft dung bdn dd vdi cac hieu ftng miii ten dgng ket hgp ciing vdi doan tudng thuat tten khdng nhftng ddm bdo nhihig kien thuc ca bdn, chinh xdc, ma cdn lot td dugctinhdc TAP CHITHIETBI GIAO DUC-SO 89-01/2013 • HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG iipt, cdng thdng, gay cdn cua sy kipn qudn la tMi cdng vdo cu dilm Him Lam md dau chiln djch Dipn Bidn Phu ndm ^ Bdng sy dien cdm day xuc dgng, GV khdc hpa hinh tirgng anh hftng Phan Dinh Gidt mgt bftc tranh sinh dgng dgm mdu sdc anh himg ca ciia ngudi chiln sT cdeh mgng, ngudi chiln sT cdm tft, ngudi linh cy Hd Irong cugc l