DAO TAO DAI HOC VUA LAM VUA HOC TAI DIA PHlTtiNG V6l PHlTdNG THÛ C TÛ XA O ThS VU DUY HIEN * Ddo tpo dqi hpc vua Idm vu''''o hpc (DHVLVH) tai dia phuong, mdt phdn he cdu thdnh he ddo too (DT) DHVLVH, c[.]
DAO TAO DAI HOC VUA LAM VUA HOC TAI DIA PHlTtiNG V6l PHlTdNG THU^C TU^ XA O D tpo dqi hpc vua Idm vu'o hpc (DHVLVH) tai dia phuong, mdt phdn he cdu thdnh he ddo too (DT) DHVLVH, ciua mot thdi gian ddi trien khai ddo tqo (DT) cho thd'y, mdi chi dimg Iqi d muc ddp ung, thod mdn nhu cdu hpc dqi hoc (DH) vd Id'y bdng eua ngudi d d n , chu trpng phdt trien so' lupng, ft quan tdm tdi cdng tdc ddm bdo ehd't lupng (DBCL), CL DT thd'p, sdn phdm DT ro chua dupe co quan su dyng lao ddng chd'p nhdn Bdi vqy, vdn de dqt Id, Idm the ndo de khdc phuc triet de su yeu kem ve mdt CL DT DHVLVH tqi" dio phuong _ M d rong quy md DT ludn dan den mdu thudn gay gdt vdi viee DBCL DT Gidi quyet hdi hod mdi quan he giCra m d rong quy md vd DBCL d i l u kien cdc ngudn lye edn hqn che Id bdi todn khd vdi cdc trudng DH tham gia cung cd'p DT DHVLVH tqi dja phuong DT theo phuong thue mat gidp mat [ M G M face to face mode) bi rdng budc bdi nhCrng quy djnh ngqt ngheo, bj cau thuc cung nhac ve kndng gian, thdi gion, ddi hdi ve phdng hpc, Idp hoe, ti \e m^ gidng dudng/SV, tf le m^ ki tuc x d / V , bdt budc su ed mat thudng xuyen cua thdy vd trd, Chinh nhung rang Dupc khdt khe ndy dd too nen CL cua DT DH tdp trung Ngupe lai, trien khai DT DHVLVH tpi dja phuong theo phuong thue M G M , dpy - hpc trye tiep thdng qua ede dot hoc tdp trung, cdc dieu kien ddm bdo cho dqy - hqc cd CL tqi dja phuong Iqi khdng dupe ddp ung, nhu: phdng hpc, Idphpc, gidng dudng trang thiet bj phyc vy cho dqy - hpc ngheo ndn, Iqc hdu vd hCru han, khdng ddp ung yeu cdu khdt khe cua phuong thue M G M Id nguyen nhdn ddn den CL DT syt g i d m ; ddng thdi, cdng tdc qudn li qud trinh DT rai vdo lung tung Ddy Id bd't cap dong tdn tpi DT DHVLVH tqi dja phuong DT DHVLVH tqi dja phuong cung ed the co CL cao hay thd'p, CL se dupc tri vd ndng cao neu nhu dupe trien khai dung cdeh De khdc phyc su sut gidm ve mat CL, edn trien khai DT DHVLVH tqi dja phuong theo phuong thue dqy - hpc gidn tiep, thdy vd trd khdng bdt DUOC M G M , edn goi Tap chi Giao due so (k* -1/201 a) ThS VU DUY HIEN * Id phuong thuc tu xa [PTTX - distance'mode) Phuong thue ndy ro ddi vdo ddu nhung ndm cua the ki XX, khae biet hodn todn vdi DT theo phuong thue truyen thdng (formal, traditional mode) vdi dqc trung ca bdn Id ngudi dqy vd ngudi hpc, ngudi hpc vd ngudi hpc xa ve mat khdng gian vd/hodc thdi gian, khdng ddi hdi sy cd mat thudng xuyen eua thdy vd trd tren Idp vdo thdi gian cy the cung nhu H le bdt buqe G V / S V , viee chuyen tdi ede npi dung day hpc hodn todn dya vdo phuong tien vd eong nghe (radio, mqng mdy tfnh, internet), dp dyng dupe chosd'ddng,phuhppvdi nhijng ngudi sdng hope 1dm vlec d xa trudng DH, dpc Diet Id cho nhCing ngudi Idn dang di Idm Cdng ve sau ndy, cdng nghe thong tin phdt trien, nhieu trircrng DH truyen thdng d M7, Australia, Canada dp dyng DT theo PTTX de gidng day cho sinh vien (SV) nhieu mdn hoqc nhieu hqc phdn chuong trinh DT (qua he thdng video, vi tfnh ndi mqng, thuvien dien tu, phdn mem vl tfnh) Sy hod quyen iua DT theo PTTX vd DT theo phuong thuc M G M d tqo nen hieu qud coo DT DT theo PTTX ddp ung nhu cdu hpc mpi nal, mpi luc, thudng xuyen vd sudt ddi cuo mpi tdng Idp nhdn ddn, dang dupc ngudi hpc tren the gidi ua chuong vl nd cho phep ngudi hoe ehu dong ve thdi gian v d / hope khdng gian Hpc h> xa, ngudi hqc cd the hpc d bdt ki ddu, bd't ki luc ndo, tiet kiem dupe chi phi di Ipi Dd Id nhOng uu diem ndi trdi cua phuong thue DT ndy Cung vdi su phdt trien nhanh chdng eua eong nghe thdng tin, phdt h"ien DT DH theo PTTX Id xu hi/dng td't yeu cua thdi dqi vi nd khdng doi hdi bdt budc ve phong hoc, Idp hoc, gidng dudng md vdn tien hdnh dupc cde hoqt dqng dqy -hpc bdng ede phuong hen truyen dm thanh, hinh dnh, van bdn quo mdy tinh, thiet bj phuong tien hay td hop cuo cdc phirong tien tren Icet hpp vdi cdc hinh thuc ehuyen tdi truyen thdng, thudng gdn lien vdi quy md Idn, phyc vy cho so Tupng Idn hoc vien (con gpi Id eong nghe gidng dqy cho sd dong nhd vdo dpc trung mang tinh cdng nghiep * Tning tam Giao due tliiiVng xuyen tinh Hai Di/Ong t cua nd) Neu dupe duo vdo dp dyng, DT theo PTTX se glup khdc phyc dupc sy gia tdng quy mo DT DHVLVH tpi dja phuong hien nay, phu hpp vdi ddi tuong ngudi Idn dang dl Idm theo hpc, giup gidm thieu nhOng rdo edn gay ro tudi tdc, vj tri dia li, su rdng bupc ve thdi gian, tinh trqng kinh te vd hodn cdnh cd nhdn, md CO hdi cho nhieu ngudi tiep can hpc van DH Mdt cdu hdi ddt ro Id tqi soo DT DH tqi chuc trudc ddy (md hinh so khoi ban ddu cua DT DHVLVH) dupc trien khoi tpi dja phuong theo phuong thue M G M , nhung CL Iqi ddm bdo, dupc xd hpi chd'p nhdn Ngupe Ipi, CL DT DHVLVH tqi dja phuong Iqi chua Tdm hdi long «khdch hdng" (ngudi hoc vd ngudi su dyng lao ddng)? Trong mo hinh DT DH tqi chuc trude ddy doi tupng ngudi hpc CO bdn id ddng nhdt, (da phdn Id edn bp cdng chuc, vien chuc cac co quan, don vj nhd nude lya chpn vd cu di hpc theo mot quy trinh ehdt che} H o n n u o , quy mdDTDH tqi chuc (ngay cd quy md DT DH tdp hTjng) trudc ddy rd't hqn che, theo ke hoqch nhd nude, DT gdn vdi su dyng Trien khai DTDH tqi chuc theo phuong thiic M G M thdng quo cdc dot hoe tdp trung dinh ki hoqc bdn djnh ki Id phu hcrp ngudi hoc eo quan, don vj cu di hqc dupc tpo dieu kien ve thdi gian cung nhu kinh phi de hoc tdp Quy md DT DH tqi chuc Ipi nhd, CL ndm tdm kiem sodt cua cdc CO quan qudn li chuc nang Hon nCra, giai doqn ndy, DT theo PTTX vdn edn Id mdi me, chua dupc phd bien rong rdi, GDDH Viet Nam chua nhdn dupe su chia se kinh nghiem ve li ludn cung nhu ve thue tien cua the gidi Itnh vuc DT ndy, nen vlec trien khai DT DH tqi chuc theo phuong thuc M G M vdi cdc dot dqy - hqc tdp trung khong lien tyc Id phu hpp vdi dieu kien, hodn cdnh Tieh su Ngdy nay, ddi tupng ngudi hoc DHVLVH tqi dia phuong dupc md rong cho bd't ki ed nhu cdu npc tap, so can bp cdng chuc, vien chuc den h/cdc CO quan, dem vj nhd nude ddn thu hep Iqi, so' ngudi loo ddng phd thdng tham gia hpc tap ngdy cdng tdng, cho dO khdng dupc co quan dem vj cu di hpc, nhung Ipi cd nhu cdu cd nhdn dupe hoe tdp nen gdp khd khdn viee bd' tri thdi gian ^e hoc Do vdy, trien khoi DT DHVLVH theo phuong thuc M G M , ddi hdi sy cd mat bdt budc cua thdy vd trd tpi trudng, Idp vdo thdi gian cy the de tidn hdnh cdc hopt dong dqy vd hoc tap trung Id mdt trd ngqi Idn vdi ngudi hpc Ngupe Ipi, DT theo PTTX hudng trpng tdm vdo sy gidn cdeh giua GV vd hpc vien, tndy vd tro khdng MGM phu hpp vdi ngudi Idn dang di Idm cd nhu cdu hpc tdp, giup hp gidi quyet dupe kho khdn viee bd' tri thdi gian ddnh eho viee hpc tdp trung (hoe vdo thdi gian ndo cho phu hpp nhot vdi dieu kien vd hodn cdnh cy the cua moi ngudi se ngudi hpc quyet djnh) Vdi nhirng ngudi Idn dang di Idm thi DT theo phuong thiic ndy se tqo dieu kien cho hp ehu ddng sdp xep ke hoqch hpc tap eua minh, h/ quyet djnh viee hqc eua bdn thdn, CO sd DT ehf ddng vol trd Id ngudi trp giup Khdng gidng nhu DT DH tqi chuc vdi cdc dpt hpc tdp trung dinhTci hay bdn djnh ki, DT DHVLVH tqi dja phuong hien dupe td chiic linh hoqt hon, moi mdn hpc dupc chia thdnh nhieu dpt tap trung nhd nhdm ddp ung tdt nhdt nhu cdu ngudi hoc Tuy nhien, vlec cat vyn mot mdn hoc thdnh nhieu dpt hpc tdp trung Iqi Id trd ngqi Idn ddi vdi GV vi phdi di Iqi nhieu dot ve dja phuong gidng dpy mot mdn hoc vd cung gdy kho khdn eho trudng DH bd' trf GV gidng dqy DT theo PTTX vdi dqc trung Td trao ddi thdng fin hai chieu giC/o GV vd hpc vien, giiJa hpc vien vdi QTOT dua vdo cdng nghe vd phuong tien dupc dua vdo dp dyng DT DHVLVH tqi dja phuong se gidi quyet bdi todn thieu hyt GV cuo cdc tnrong DH hien thyc hien dpi chung hod GDDH cung nhu khdc phyc dugc su gia tdng ve quy mo DT DHVLVH tpi dja phuong Ndi nhu vdy khdng cd nghTa Id phu nhdn hodn todn vai trd tieh eye cuo phuong thuc M G M DT DHVLVH tpi dja phuong Moi phuong thiic DT deu cd nhung uu diem, hqn che nhdt djnh, PTTX se giup Id'p di nhijng khd khan chua t!m ro dupc gidi phdp de khdc phyc md DT DHVLVH tqi dja phuong dang phdi ddi mat, dd Id: 1) Sy gidn cdeh nhdt djnh ve khdng gian, thdi gion giua tndy vd trd QTDT; 2) Thdng fin hai chieu giija thdy vd trd cd nhijng hqn che nhdt djnh sy tiep xuc giua thdy vd trd khdng thudng xuyen, thdi gian «mgt gidp mat" giua thdy vd trd hpn che; 3) Thieu co bdn gido trinh, tdi lieu hpc tap cho ngudi hpc, nhdt Id gido trinh vd tdi liiu tham thdo ddnh cho tu hpc Tpi soo lai phdi dua PTTX dp dung vdo DT DHVLVtH tpi dja phuong mo hinh DT DH mdi - DT DH tu xa d d dupc cdc Vien DH M d vd cde Trung tdm DTTX cua cdc trudng DH truyen thdng trien khoi d nhieu dja phuong tu nhieu ndm qua? Thuc fien eho thd'y, DT DH «ft> xa" cdc Vien DH M d , ede Khoa, cdc Trung tdm DTTX eua • cdc trudng DH truyen thdng trien khai tqi dia phuong hien khdng hodn todn theo PTTX «thdt", md theo kieu «lung lcr"giua phuong thtic M G M vd PTTX Cy the, DT DH «h> xa" b Tap chi Giao due so (ki 2.1/2013) nude ta hien nay, ngudi hpc vdn phdi djnh ki tdp trung den Idp de nghe phu dpo (thyc ehdt Id nghe gidng), hudng dan hpc tdp v d thi cu, phdn thdi gian M G M ed ft hon so vdi DT DH tap trung vd DT DHVLVH Ddy Id dieu gdy tranh cdi nhdt d u ludn, g d y su hieu Idm eho nhieu ngudi DT theo PTTX ve nguyen tdc phdi Id'y ngudi hoc Idm trung tdm, Id'y ty hpc Id phuong phdp ehu yeu eho QTDT, nhung tren thyc te hdu n h u qud trinh tren Ipi dien ro theo hudng ngupe Ipi O cdc Idp DH «tu xa" tqi dja phucmg, viee hpc ehu yeu dya vdo nhiing g i d len Idp nghe gidng md ede co sd DTTX cii GV trye fiep gidng dqy theo kidu thdy di «xa", edn hpc vien thi d gdn Viee hudng dan dn tap, gidi ddp thde mde eho mdi mdn hoc (khdng tinh theo don vj hpc trinh cua mdn hpc) dupc to chiic thyc hien ngdy {thdng thudng vdo thu bdy vd ehu nhdt), nhung GV Iqi Id nhdn vdt ehfnh phdi tdm tdt If thuyet, hudng ddn trd idi cdc cdu hdi li thuyet, gidi cdc bdi tdp tinh todn (neu cd) se cd de thi Hpc vien khong dqt cdu hdi gi (ndi chfnh xdc khdng bidt g i de hdi, khong cd gi de hdi vi hdu n h u khdng dpc trudc tdi lieu } Trong DT theo PTTX viee cung cd'p hpc lieu kjp thdi Id mot yeu cdu quan trpng, id phuong tien chinh de hoe vien ed the fien hdnh hopt ddng hoe tqp Tren thyc te, cdc tdi li§u, gido trinh nhieu Iqi chua dupe cung cd'p kip ihdi trude fien hdnh mdn hpc Dieu ndy hqn che viee t u hpc trudc cua hpc vien md dung theo yeu cdu hp phdi ty doe tdi lieu trude den Idp O n h i l u dja phuong, den nghe gidi d d p cdc thde mde hpc vien mdi nhdn tdi lieu, nen hdu het hpc vien chua dpc trudc gido trinh, khong cd y niem hoy ft nhieu kien thiic ve mdn hpc, nen G V Ipi phdi gidng bdi h i ddu nhu dd'i vdi DT DHVLVH V d i khoi l u o n g kien thuc Idn, thdi gian eho phep ehf gdi gpn binh qudn n g d y / m d n hpc, G V khd cd the chuyen tdi het duac ndi dung mdn hpc cho hpc vien (chi dpt 70-80%) Trong ngdy Id da «phdr hqc xong mot mdn hoc, chdc chdn vdi cdeh hpc «sieu tdc" n h u vqy, hpc vien khdng the linh hpi dupc ndi dung can thiet cua mdn hpc Nhieu y kien eho rdng DT DH «tuxa"aV'\et Nam Id DTDH « d x a " , «trdninh" DT DHVLVH Chfnh vi vdy, nhieu ngudi ed nhu cdu hpc DH lya chpn DT DHVLVH hon DT DH «fu xa" bdi le DT DH «ti> xa" eung dupc trien khai no nd gidng nhu DT DHVLVH, vdi ede dot tap tnjng dqy - hpc true tiep, kinh phf DT cung thu tAeo tin ehf hoc phdn gidng nhu DT DHVLVH Hon nCra, bdng tdt nghiep DHVLVH Ipi dupc ddnh gid cao han bdng tdt nghiep DH «tu xa" kieu ndy N g u d i td't nghiSp DHVLVH dupc chd'p nhdn hpc Tap ehi Giao due so (ki - i/2oia) fiep d bde hpc coo hon, d trinh dp DT thpc sT, ngudi tdt nghiep DH «tuxa" Iqi khdng dupc chd'p nhdn Do vdy, tf le ngudi theo hpc DH «tuxa" edn thdp, quy md DT DHVLVH vdn ngdy cdng gia tdng Tdm Iqi, PTTX dupc thua nhdn Id mdt phuong thiic DT mdi, hen tien, hien dqi, nhieu tfnh ndng, mot cdng ey, mot each day vd hpc DH mdi me cho ngudi Idn vd duac coi Id phuong thiic DT eo bdn de phdt trien GDDH the ki XXI cua the gidi Do vdy, DT DHVLVH tqi dja phuong vdi quy md ngdy cdng gia tdng edn dupe trien khoi theo PTTX mdi Id phu hpp, se gidi quyet dupc mdu thudn cua bdi todn «quy md - ehdt lupng" dang tdn tqi Kinh nghiem DT DH theo PTTX cua the gidi, thyc Hen trien khai DT DH «h> x a " tu nhieu ndm qua d cdc trudng DH truyen thdng nude to se Id nhung bdi hpc quy, giup ich cho viee dua phuong thuc DT ndy dp dyng vdo DT DHVLVH tpi dja phuong dqt hieu qud • Tai li^u tham khdo Daniel I.S Mega-universities, virtual universities and ttnowledge media: Can we have quantity with quality In P.C Chew (Ed.) Quality assurance m distance and open learning (pp.3-13), Institut Teknologi Mara, Malaysia' Proceedings of the Uth Annual AAOU Conference, 1997 Salmi J Tertiary Education in the Twenty -First Century: Challenges and Opportunities Washinhton DC: The World Banlt, 2000 3.NguySn KimTruy Cdc gidi phdp co'bdn ndng cao ehdt luong dao lao tuxa Bi t^i nghien ciiu khoa hoc c^p BO, Vien Dai hoc md Hi NOi, 2007 Cue Khao thi - Kiem djnh chtft luong giSo due "Dim bao ki^m dinh chat luung giao due ma va ta xa", Kl yeu Hoi thdo khoa hpc quoc gia ve gido due md vd tuxa, 86 GD-DT, Ha NOi, 2009 Phan Van Qu^ - Tran Due Yucmg "He thO'ng giao due ma va tir xa khd'i ASEAN vJi cac nuac khu vuc" KI ytfu Hdi thdo khoa hoc qu&c gia vi gido due m&vd tirxa BO GD-DT, Ha NOi, 2009 Trin Diic Vuong Gido due ma vd td xa: Ca sa li ludn vd kinh nghiim qud'c li T>i tai nghiSn ciiu khoa hoc cap BO, ViSn Dai hoc md Hk Noi, 2006 SUMMARY Face to face (traditional, classroom.) mode opplying in in-service higher education training doesn-t seem suitable for adult-leaners in local areas Distance education mode shoud be applying In in-service higher education training in local areas to strenthen the quality, in accordance with current coditions of leaners ... eho rdng DT DH «tuxa"aV''\et Nam Id DTDH « d x a " , «trdninh" DT DHVLVH Chfnh vi vdy, nhieu ngudi ed nhu cdu hpc DH lya chpn DT DHVLVH hon DT DH «fu xa" bdi le DT DH «ti> xa" eung dupc trien... md vd tuxa, 86 GD-DT, Ha NOi, 2009 Phan Van Qu^ - Tran Due Yucmg "He thO''ng giao due ma va tir xa khd''i ASEAN vJi cac nuac khu vuc" KI ytfu Hdi thdo khoa hoc qu&c gia vi gido due m&vd tirxa BO... mdi - DT DH tu xa d d dupc cdc Vien DH M d vd cde Trung tdm DTTX cua cdc trudng DH truyen thdng trien khoi d nhieu dja phuong tu nhieu ndm qua? Thuc fien eho thd''y, DT DH «ft> xa" cdc Vien DH