^ BAO TAP BAI HOC/THEO BINH HUONG '''' NGHfNGffllpvADAP dNG NHU cAu XA HOI UNIVERSITY EDUCATION ORIENTED PROFESSIONAL & SOCIAL''''S DEMAND ^f ^ ThS Phdtfng HOu TiTng Dai hgc Md Dia chat Ha Ndi Tom tat Hien[.]
^ BAO TAP BAI HOC/THEO BINH HUONG ' NGHfNGffllpvADAP dNG NHU cAu XA HOI UNIVERSITY EDUCATION-ORIENTED PROFESSIONAL & SOCIAL'S DEMAND ThS Phdtfng HOu TiTng Dai hgc Md - Dia chat Ha Ndi ^f.^ Tom tat Hien nay, chUOng trinh d i o tao Dai hpe dmh hudng nghe nghiep Qng dung da dQpc p h i t tnen v i i p dung tai mdt sd trUdng Dai hpe dViet Nam v i thu dupe mdt sd ket qua kha quan.Tuy nhien, de cd the di den cdng, ein toan bd ddi ngu can bd giang vien cua nha trudng cung nhu can bd q u i n ly ITnh vgc giio due Cie ban, nganh lien quan phai ed hieu biet sau sic ve phuong p h i p tiep can x i y dgng chUOng trinh edng nhu hlnh thdc td chQe Nghien cdu nham myc dfch dUa mdt sd hieu biet dga tren quan diem eua tac g i i qua tim hieu fy thuyet va thue tidn giio due Dai hpe dinh hUdng nghe nghiep dng dyng tai Ha Lan, t d dd giup cho viec phat trien ben vdng eie chuang trinh dao tao dinh hudng nghe nghiep dng dung hien tai va nhan rdng chdOng trinh sang eie ehuyen nginh khie dat ket q u i tdt han Tif khoa: Binh hudndnghe nghiep, cdi each gido due, nhu cau xd hgi, chuong tnnh ddo tao Abtract ' ' Currently, the training program for career college applications have been developed and applied in a number of universities in Vietnam and obtained some positive results However, to be able to succeed, need the entire staff of the school's faculty and management staff in the field of education The departments concerned must have a deep understanding of approaches to build programs and organizational forms This study aims to provide sgme insight on the views of the author via learn theoretical and practical education career oriented University in the Netherlands application, w/hieh enables sustainable development training programs career orientation existing applications and replicate this program to other disciplines achieve better results Keywords: career orientation, education reform, social needs, programs V y I.Datvande cap bich h i n g d i u ciia cdng nghiep hda - Trong nhdng n i m gan day, cai each giao due ndi Chung va c i i cich g i i o due Dai hoc ^ien dai hda va hdi nhap qude te (ii) Trong D i o tao d i p dng nhu cau xa hdi se giup kinh a'*^' ^^^" ^ ^ ' ^^° " ^ ^ '^ ^'"'"h bay mdt dinh hudng giao due Dai hoe mdi d i duac i p dung t h i diem thu ddpc nhieu ket q u i d i n g khfch le tai mdt sd trddng Dai hpc dViet Nam va dang ddpc n h i n rdng, ddng thdi de cap g^^ ^^ ^^^ ^ ^ p ^^^ ^^ y^, ^^^^ ^^^^^ p^^t te Viet Nam p h i t trien nhanh va ben vdng t^ien quoc gia:"Giao due Dai hpe dinh hudng Ngudn nhan Igc cd trinh dp cao la nhu c i u p g ^ ^ nghiep dng dung" ndi rieng dang t r d nen cap thiet vl Viet Nam dang ddng trudc ca hpi hdi nhap vdi the gidi va cd khoing 30% d i n sd dddi 15 tuoi (i) Sd 30 thing 3/2016 KHOA HOC D A Y NGHE [25] - ^ Nhu cau xa hoi ve dao tao dai hoc Nghien edu dae thii p h i t trien eua nen kinh te de Ida chgn hudng di phu hpp cho giao due la het sdc can thiet, die biet la g i i o dye dai hpc Vdi xuat phat diem la mgt nddc ndng nghiep lac h i u va mdt nen khoa hpe yeu kem, Viet Nam da Iga ebon giai phap tang eudng thu hut dau td nddc ngoai v i o cic Itnh vue sin xuat va kinh doanh de t i n dung luc lupng Idn lao ddng nude, Tuy nhien cd the ndi, chat luang lao ddng hien chUa dap dng dupc yeu cau eiia xa hdi Thj trudng lao ddng can mdt sd lupng Idn n h i n sUtham gia true riep vao q u i trinh san xuat - kinh doanh, dng dung nhdng ket q u i nghien edu sin cd Nhdng cie trudng Dai hpc dViet Nam Iga chpn djnh hddng nghien edu de dao tao sinh vien Chinh vl viy, tai De i n Ddi mdi Giio due Dai hpc giai doan 20062020, mdt nhdng muc tieu quan la "Den nam 2020, ed 70 - 80% tdng sd sinh vien theo hpc cie ehdOng trinh nghe nghiep dng dung" Cd the ndi, d i y la mdt chu chupng dimg dan de cd the Qng dung khoa hoe edng nghe da cd tren the gidi, thue day su p h i t trien nhanh nen kmh te Hau het cac nUdc p h i t trien tai chiu Au cung phat trien nen giao due theo hai hddng' dinh hudng nghien cdu v i dinh hudng nghe nghiep dng dung, dd sinh vien ddpc d i o tao theo dinh hddng nghe nghiep dng dung ludn chiem sd lUOng nhieu ban Qua tim hieu thi trudng lao ddng d Viet Nam cho tha'y, hien ed rat nhieu eae td chdc dng dung khoa hpe edng nghe, yeu eau mdt sd Idang Idn ky sd lam viee cic td chdc nay, Tuy nhien, theo khio sit, hau het sinh vien tdt nghiep Dai hpc deu khdng the l i m viee eac td chdc vi thieu kien thdc thye te v i ky ning thdc hanh, thda mdt sd kien thdc ly thuydt, thi^'u tu p h i n tich va l i p ke hoach, thieu n i n g lUe giao tiep {kha nang dien dat, trinh bay b i o cao, ), thieu ky nang l i m viee nhdm va ngoai ngd yeu Nhu vay, nhu cau x i hdi hien ein mdt sd lupng Idn n h i n sU ed kien thdc ehuyen mdn can thiet, nhan thdc sau sac ve nghe nghiep de d i p dng vdi mdc cao n h i t ciia ca sd sd dung lao ddng va eiia viee lam thi trudng lao ddng Phat trien chddng trinh dao tao dai hoc djnh hddng nghe nghiep u^g dung D i o tao Dai hpc theo djnh hddng nghe nghiep Qng dyng ehuyen ddi tQ ky nang giing day cac kien thQe (ly thuyet) khoa hpc, ky ning xay dgng kien thQe mdi (trong cic trddng Dai hoe truyen thdng, cac phdng thf nghiem nghien cdu) sang viec hpe cd djnh hudng chuyen nginh v i nghien ciifu dng dung, phat trien kien thdc, nhan thdc ve cdng nghe cung nhu ky nang thue hanh cdng nghe de ap dung vao qua trinh sin xuat mdi cdng nghiep, hoic cic phuang phip/eieh ti^p cin nhin dien cic dac trUng ban chat, eie nguyen nhan thuc sg eiia sg kien thdng qua phan tfch cd he thdng nhdng bien ddi cCia cic yeu td nen kinh te Giao due Dai hpe dinh hudng nghe nghiep dng dunggiupehoconngudi trd nhdng ngddi cdng d i n thao nghe, cd trich nhiem v i nang ddng hOn xa hdi Nd edn tao'tosd" cho su phat tnen ky n i n g va ehuyen mdn siu han Tao nhieu kha nang ed the tich hap vdi nhdng nganh nghe khie nhau, tao dieu kien cho moi ngudi cd the phat huy n i n g Igc nhieu linh vue hoat ddng khic Dieu can luu y la cudc ddi sU nghiep eiia mdi ca nhan: q u i trinh hpe tap lau dai, lien tuc can thiet de nhan thQe dUpc sU thay ddi eae yeu td edng nghe v i kinh te x i hdi NhU vay, g i i o due Dai hpc cd djnh hddng nghe nghiep khdng chi la phuang tien luu gid va truyen b i kien thQe nQa, nd g i n chat vdi nen kinh te va cd cau xa hdi eua mdt qudc gia, gan chat vdi mpi hoat ddng ciia khoa hpc edng nghe [26] KHOA HOC D A Y NGHE Sd 30 thing 3/2016 cie linh vdc sin xuat cdng nghiep, ndng nghiep, yte Khac vdi cic trddng Dai hpc truyen thdng dda vao nghien cdu thudng ed djnh hQdng cac chdOng trinh g i i o due, trudng Dai hpe cd dinh hudng nghe nghiep Qng dung cd eac dac diem sau: - Cung cap nhan thQe ve nhu cau giao dye va d i o tao ciia ngddi d i n , - Cd kha nang dap Qng ddpc yeu eau thay ddi nhanh ddi vdi lao ddng ky ning tQ eac edng ty va cae td chdc, cung nhu nhdng ngUdi tg sd dung lao ddng cic doanh nghiep nhd -Tao ddpc mdi quan he cd hieu qua giQa thl trudng lao ddng v i n h i trddng, -Tich cdc gdp phan vao cdng cudc hien -Trudng Dai hpe tri mdi quan he vdi thj trudng lao ddng thdng qua eie iiy ban cdng nghiep - Trudng Dai hpc tri mdi quan he vdi sinh vien tdt nghi&p - Trudng Dai hpe cd quyen t u ehu viee x i y dung chuong trinh giang day - Chuang trinh giing day ddpc xiy ddng tren e a s d h d s d m d t a nghe nghiep, - ChdOng trinh giing day t i p trung vao nhiem vu ehuyen mdn va dupe xuat p h i t td eae tinh hudng nghe nghiep thgc te - Giio s d v i giing vien cd mdi quan he mat thiet vdi doanh nghiep va ed kien thdc thgc sg tdthge te ehuyen mdn v i o kien thdc - Sinh vien tham gia cac dot thuc tap d doanh nghiep {hoic d cie cO sd edng nhU trudng hpc, benh vien), xem day nhu la mdt phan quyet dinh va lien tyc cua chUOng trinh NhQ viy, ed the ndi giao due Dai hoe ed dinh hddng nghe nghiep dng dung la giao due Dai hgc cd dinh hQdng cau, bat kip vdi nhu eau thay ddi lien tue ciia x i hdi d cap qudc gia/cap khu vdc - Sinh vien hoe mdi trUdng "thdc hanh": Ky n i n g va n i n g Idc thUe h i n h gan vdi kien thde/kiem tra ly thuyet bao gdm ei phan Viet ly thuyet, nhdng thdng qua nhdng minh ehdng ky ning thgc hinh chuyen mdn, Cd the tdm Idpc viee thgc hien g i i o due Dai hpe cd dinh hudng nghe nghiep dng dung cic trddng Dai hgc bao gdm eae phan CO b i n v i ket qua sau day: - Luan van tdt nghiep ciia sinh vien g i n nhdng van de nghien cdu, ufng dung t d cic doanh nghiep, td chdc kinh doanh dai h o i cie doanh nghiep, eie td chdc eung nhd viec ddi mdi x i hdi v i nen kinh te dga - Nhiem vu ciia trudng Dai hoe l i ho trp giio dye Dai hoe ed dinh hUdng nghe nghiep - Sinh vien ddpc tham gia tich cdc vao viee c i i tien chdong trinh hoe, bao gdm ea chi't luang ciia giai doan thgc tap, - Dai dien tQ eie doanh nghiep tham gia dng dyng - Lanh dao eua cie trUdng Dai hge khuyen khi'ch giao due Dai hoc cd dinh hddng chuyen nganh trddng hpe va edng ddng (viing) Lanh dao cie trudng Bai hpe cung cd nhieu i n h hUdng den sg p h i t trien cua viing - Hd so md ta nghe nghiep v i md t i nhdng nang Igc "phii hap" eua mdi nginh nghe thu giing day nhu mdi thinh giing - Bao d i m c h i t lUpng p h i i bao gdm ca danh gia dinh hUdng chuyen nginh - Cic hoat ddng nghien edu eCia cae trudng Dai hoe h i u het l i cic hoat ddng cd dinh hudng Qng dung nham eai tien hay ddi mdi sin pham hoac ehuyen mdn duac thdng qua eie cupc ddi thoai vdi cac cd - Trddng Dal hpe dao tao eae khoi hoe sd sddung lao ddng (dia phdong/vijng), caccd thdong mai va tien h i n h cie hoat ddng nghien quan {viing/qude gia) edu dng dyng eho doanh nghiep - So 30 thing 3/2016 KHOA HOC D A Y NGHE [27] Dao tao Dai hpe djnh hddng nghe nghiep ia md^ phan nam sU van ddng he thdng g i i o dye ndi chung, ed quan he mat thiet vdi eac td chdc, cie phan kinh te, ehinh tri nang thuc hanh can thiet, kien thdc ehuydn mdn cimg vdi dao ddc nghe nghiep de ngddi hpe ed the lam viec sau tdt nghiep ddng bd v i tren tat c i eie mat bao gdm: Nhan Chuang trinh dao tao mdi da dugc eac chuyen gia H i Lan d i n h g i i eao v i dUpc mdt so trudng Dai hge Idn tai Ha Lan chap nhan, eho phep thgc hien lien ket dao tao vdi eie trudng Dai hpe thdc x i hdi ve dao tao; ChUang trinh dao tao; Ketluan x i hpi, Vi vay eie g i i i phap thay ddi cimg nhu p h i t trien giio due Dal hpc dmh hUdng nghe nghiep Qng dyng can thue hien mdt cich Giing vlSn va ca sd v i t chat tai eac ca sd dao tao; Cic chuan muc v i phuang p h i p d i n h gia chat lupng dao tao; Khung ehfnh sach va cae dinh ehe tai ehinh cho dao tao ChUdng trinh dao tao djnh hddng nghe nghiep dng dung tai trddng Dai hoc Sd pham Ky thuat HUng Yen Trong khudn khd mdt trudng Dai hpc, Dai hpc Su pham Ky thuat Hung Yen da thue hien chuang trinh giio due Dai hgc theo dinh hddng nghe nghiep dng dyng vdi sg trp giup cua Chinh phii H i Lan theo dg i n PROFED Sau g i n 10 nam thdc hien, trudng d i xay dung v i trien khai thuc hien edng hai chuong trinh dao tao eho hai nganh nghe l i Dien -Dien t d v i Cdng nghe Thdng tin va hien dang n h i n rdng sang mgt sd nginh nghe khac Viee trien khai danh g i i chat iQpng sinh vien sau dao tao tot nghiep cimg da ddpc thdc hien va thu ddOc ket qua kha quan, h i u bet eie sinh vien trQdng ddpc the gidi viee lam chap nhin Cd the ndi ehdang trinh dao tao dupc x i y dgng xuat phat t d ket q u i khao sat the gidi viee lam, vi viy da phan nao d i p Qng ddpc nhu cau xa hdi Ddng thdi, tham khao mdt sd chuang trinh va ngoii nude, dam b i o tfnh lien thdng lien ket Djnh hddng ehuyen nganh dugc thUe hien td nam dau tien giup sinh vien hlnh dung rd rang ban nghe nghiep cy the cua minh, td dd ed ddng Igc va phgang p h i p hpc tap phii hap Cung cap cho ngUdi hoc ky Nhu vay viee p h i t trien eac chuang trinh d i o tao dinh hudng nghe nghiep Ung dung hien l i hoan toan phii hpp vdi dinh hudng phat trien qude gia v i dap Qng nhu eau xa hdi Tuy nhien se cd khdng ft cic thich thdc m i cie trddng Dai hpe Iga chgn djnh hudng niy phai ddi m i t , die biet cac thay ddi ve ea eau to chdc v i phdang p h i p quan ly Xay dgng mdt ke hoach p h i t trien lau dai va eai tien tdng bddc l i can thiet de cd the thgc hien t h i n h edng dmh hddng g i i o due n i y Q Tai lieu tham kh&o 1.Cic chlsdgiiodyetoincau, 2006 UNESCO/ Vi&t Nam: Giao due Dai hoc va ky ndng cho tang trUdng Ngin hang The gidi, 2007 Thil tudng Chinh phii da ban hanh Nghi quyet 14 ngiy 02/11/2005 ph^ duyet Be dn DOI mdi Giao due Bai hgc Viet Nam giai dogn 2006-2020 Kit qua khao sdt thi trUdng lao dgng khu vuc dong bdng Bac bg TrUdng Dai hpc Su pham Ky thuat Hung Yen thgc hien t d thing 10/2005 den t h i n g 03/2006, Rutherford, P., (1998) "Competency-based training:the link between education and workplace excellence" New Horizons, Jodey-Bass, NewYork Kouw/enhoven, Wim., (2009), "Competencebased curriculum development in Higher Education: a globalised concept?" in Technology Education and Development Grant Harman, Martin Hayden, Pham Thanh Nghi, (2010) Reforming Higher education in Vietnam Spnnger [28] KHOA HOC D A Y NGHE So 30 thing 3/2016 - ... trien tai chiu Au cung phat trien nen giao due theo hai hddng'' dinh hudng nghien cdu v i dinh hudng nghe nghiep dng dung, dd sinh vien ddpc d i o tao theo dinh hddng nghe nghiep dng dung ludn chiem... {kha nang dien dat, trinh bay b i o cao, ), thieu ky nang l i m viee nhdm va ngoai ngd yeu Nhu vay, nhu cau x i hdi hien ein mdt sd lupng Idn n h i n sU ed kien thdc ehuyen mdn can thiet, nhan... cap nhan thQe ve nhu cau giao dye va d i o tao ciia ngddi d i n , - Cd kha nang dap Qng ddpc yeu eau thay ddi nhanh ddi vdi lao ddng ky ning tQ eac edng ty va cae td chdc, cung nhu nhdng ngUdi