505 2013 DgtjyflHpC y ? Phat trien chirofng trinh dao tao nham nang cao chat lifdng dao tao dai hoc Viet Nam ThS PHAM VAN NAM Trudng Dgi hgc Kinh le TP Hd Chi Minh Bai viet tiep can ly Ihuyel ve phal[.]
505-2013 DgtjyflHpC y? Phat trien chirofng trinh dao tao nham nang cao chat lifdng dao tao dai hoc Viet Nam ThS PHAM VAN NAM Trudng Dgi hgc Kinh le TP Hd Chi Minh B viet tiep can ly Ihuyel ve phal trien chUong trinh dao lao dai hoc hien dat; phan lich eac xu the Iren the gidi Irong viec nang cao chat iugng dao lao dai hgc dap Crng nhu cau cua nen kinh le tri IhUc; each tiep can xay dung va phat then chUdng trinh dao tgo; danh gia khai quat nhQng Ion Igi Irong viec xay dyng chUdng Irinh dao tgo d cac Irudng dai hgc nudc la hien Thong qua dd cd nhQng ham y viec nang eao chat lupng dao Igo bac cU nhan t$i cac trudng dgi hpe ViSl Nam I OAT VAN DE Doi mdi giao dye dgi hpe VN la mpl nhu cau btfc thiet, khdng the cham hdn dugc nQa, NhQng yeu kem CLia he thdng giao dgc IQlieu hoc den dgi hgc hien dang gay nhieu bUe xuc xa hgi, tgo nhQng rao can cho sy phal trien kinh le - xa hdi cua nudc ta hien tai va tUdng lai, Vige ddi mdi giao dye dgi hpe la mpl qua Irinh lau dai; vUa kien quyet nhUng phai than trgng vi nd lac ddng den nhieu Ihe he sinh vien hoc sinh Qua trinh phai dupe lien hanh cd linh he thdng, IQ cai each chUdng trinh dao tao va phUdng phap giang dgy, nang eao trinh ddi ngu giang vien, dau tU va nang cap dieu kien co sd vat chat, den tang cudng kiem soat chat lugng dao tgo Trong nhieu giai phap mang tinh ddng bd dd thi phal trien chUOng Irinh dao Igo giQ mpt vj tri nen tang ChUdng trinh dao Igo la cd sd de trien khai va thye hien cae giai phap khac, hdn nQa phat trien chUdng trinh dao tao phu hgp vdi xu the hpi nhap la mot dieu kien can Ihiel dUa cac dgi hgc VN nhanh chong hgi nhap dugc vdi nen giao dye loan cau, dap Ung dUpe nhQng ddi hdi cang cao ve dgi ngij nhan lyc trinh dd eao cho sy phat Irien cua dat nUdc, Xay dyng va phal trien chudng Irinh dao Igo dgi hgc lien lien la mdt cong viec phUe lap va khd khan; doi hdi cac Irudng dgi hgc phai khai thac loi da ngi iyc cua minh ket hgp vdi cae ngudn lyc ben ngoai Ludn g&n lien viec thiet ke ehuong trinh dao tgo vdi qua trinh phal Irien cua nen kinh te Iri thUc hien II GIAO DUC DAI HOC TRONG MOI TRUCJNG HOI NHAP Hoi nhgp kinh le Ihe gidi dot hot hg thdng dgi hgc cua VN ph&i nhanh chong chuyen minh nham dua dugc nhQng san pham cd chat lugng cao, dap Ung dUpc nhQng ddi hdi cCta nen kinh le tri IhQc Ben egnh vi&c nang eao chat lUpng dao tgo, cac irudng dai hoc cQng can cd nhQng dinh hUdng phal tnen lau dai tgo sy phal trien ben vQng va Ihich Qng nhanh vdi nhOng bien ddi cua moi trudng cgnh tranh toan cau Nen kinh te tri thiJTc Khai niem nen kinh le In IhUc ddt thSp nien nhQng nam 1990; vdi dgc diem ndi iroi la Ihj trudng chat xam Trong nen kinh te In IhQc, vdn ngUdi la yeu id quyfe't dinh qua trinh Igo gia trj gia tang, tao dyng sy phat then ben vijng cua nen kinh le - xa hot, nang cao ehal lugng cugc sdng Cung can cosy phan biet ro rang giQa nen kinh teththQc vdi nen kinh te dya vao cdng nghe Ihdng tin, nen kinh te th thCfc la nen kinh le lay sy sang Igo In thQc la hgi nhan cCia qua Irinh san xual, va nhu vay giao dye dao tgo trd dgng lyc ccJ ban cho sy phal Irien cija xa hgi De hinh nen kinh le tri thUc ean dap Qng lieu chi chinh, dd la: (1) tren 70% GDP co dupe tu nhQng nganh san xual va djch vy Qng dyng cdng nghe cao; (2) tren 70% CO cau gia trj gia tang la ket qua cCia lao dong th de; (3) tren 70% lyc lupng lao d^ng xa hgi la lao dong Iri IhQc; va (4) tren 70% vdn san xuat la vdn eon ngudi De dat dupe nhOng tieu chi tren nen kinh te tri IhCrc Ihudng dgi tren try cot cd ban' - Moi trudng kinh le va the che xa hpi b&o dSm cho sy tydo sang Igo va sQ dyng tri IhQc, tgo moi Irudng san xuat kinh doanh Ihuc day sy sang Igo va doi mdi, Igo gia trj gia lang lii sy san sinh va sCf dyng tn thQc Trong dd yeu Id quyet dinh den qua Irinh san xuat la In thUc sang tao; nen kinh le tri Ihilc vdn ngudi cang trd nen quan trgng va la mdt yeu \6 bao dam cho sy phat then ben vQng cua nen kinh le - He thdng giao dye dao Igo cd chat lupng cao, cong blng va dan chu, hinh ngudn nhan lyc chat lupng cao thdng qua viec hpe lap sudl ddi Trong hg thdng giao dye dd, mgi ngudi deu ed quyen binh dang vi^c hpe l|ip vk tiep c^n nhQng kien thQo mdi, cung nhu phd bien va chia sd kien thi^/c cCia minh cho mpi ngudi - Hg thong hg tang cd s6 thong tin hi§n dgi; tri qua tnnh lien Igc, chia se tri Ihtfc mgt each nhanh ehdng va hi^u qu5 Vdi h$ thdng thong tin hi^n dgi, kha nang liep cgn tri thOc nhanh chong va loan dign se la dieu kien can thiet tgo nhQng gi^ "i gia tang Irong sSn xuat kinh doanh Nang lyc cgnh tranh cCia DciUyaHpC 50 5-2013 ca nhan, to chiic va quoc gia tUng bUdc dupc cai Ihidn III PHAT TRIEN C H U O N G TRINH DAO TAO • Hg thdng sang tgo khdng ngUng; Ihd hien qua mdt mgng ChUdng trinh dao tgo lUdi nhOng id chQc, ca nhan co kha nang tiep nhan, sif dyng va Co nhieu each tiep clin khai mem ehuong tnnh dao tgo sang tgo nhQng tri ihQc mdi d^p Qng nhu cau ey t h i cCia sy ThuSt ngQ Curriculum (chUdng trinh dao tgo) cd ngudn gdc tQ phat trien thdi La Ma, ch! dudng hinh bau dye Irong trudng dua ngya, TQ nhQng try cgt co ban tren cd the not giao dye dao tgo ndi nd ed nghTa "con dudng mdn"; sau ihugt ngQ cumculum ehung, giao dye dgi hpe not heng, la mpt yeu Id quan Irpng dyoc sCr dyng vdi nghTa "chUdng trinh hgc" giao dye d|c bi^l la Ccic quoc gia dang phat trien - de bUdc vao nen kinh Theo Paul A.Botl (2011) "ChUdng trinh la nhQng myc tieu va le tri IhQc, ngi dung ma nha trudng cung cap cho sinh vien"; hay theo Luat Giao dgc dgi hgc nen kinh te tri thCfc giao dye nam 2005 "ChUdng trinh giao dye dai hgc the hien Nen kinh te tri IhQc da tao nhDng bien ddi mgnh me myc tieu giao dye dai hgc; quy dinh chuan kien thUe, ky nang, va sau s^c giao dye dgi hgc Sy phat tnen cua cac pham vi va cau true not dung giao dye dgi hgc, phUdng phap va qude gia phy thupc rat Idn vao chat lupng cua nen giao dye hinh IhUc dao Igo, each IhQc danh gia ket qua dao tgo ddi vdi ma dd dgc biet quan trgng la dao tgo bac dgi hgc, vi mdi mon hgc, nganh hgc, trinh dao Igo cua giao dye dgi day la bge hgc chinh nham tgo mgt dot ngu lao dgng th hgc; bao dam yeu cau lien thdng vdi cac chUdng tnnh giao dye IhUc cd chat lupng eao Vdn eon ngUdi dang la mdt van de khac" (Dieu 41) Du tiep can theo quan diem nao di nQa thi sdng tgo Ipi the cgnh tranh giQg cac qude gia chUdng trinh dao lao eiJng giQ mpt vj tri quan trpng, mang tinh Cupe each mgng khoa hpe ky thual keo theo su ddi mdi cua nen tang cua mgi qua trinh to chUc dgy va hgc Chinh vi co vj tri ea he thdng giao dye dao tgo theo hudng mot xa hpi hgc nhu the nen mudn nang cao chat lupng dao Igo Irong InjUng lap; hgc tap bal cQ lue nao, bat cQ nOi dau va hgc lap sudl dgi hgc nhat thiet can bao dam chat lugng cua viec thiet ke ddt Nguyen \^ giao dye cua nen kinh le th IhUc la "Hgc sudl tnen khai va kiem soat chUdng trinh dao tgo, ddi, ca the hda vige hgc va hpe de lam viec", vdi ngudi hgc ChUOng trinh dao tao gan lien vdi qua trinh giang dgy, ban la trung lam cCia qua trinh giao dye dao tgo Nguyen ly dau hat qua trinh tach biet nhau, ngudi xay dyng ehuong ddi hdi cae dgi hpe phai tUng budc chuan hda theo nhQng trinh khdng quan lam den ngudi giang ma chi xac dinh khdi tieu chuan qude te, da dang hda va hipn dai hda ndi dung kien thUc can Ihiet eua chUdng trinh va ngudi giang chlcd g&ng va phUdng IhQc dao tgo; dan chili hda va cdng bang cho moi dap Qng nhQng yeu cau cua chUdng trinh dua Quan diem ngudi NhQng Ihgp nien dau cua the ky 21, cac trudng dai dan tdi sUqua tai cho ca ngUdi day va ngUdi hgc Hien hgc tren the gidi cd nhQng budc chuyen hda mgnh me, cac hat qua trinh gan ket tgo tinh luong lac Viec Ihie't ke xu hudng ehung la: chUdng Irinh dao tgo phai dat bdi canh giang day, va - Da dgng hda chUdng trinh dao tgo nham dap Qng nhu ngupc Igi qua trinh giang dgy la mpt ngudn dong lyc de cai lien cau cang cao va da dgng cua nen kinh te tri IhQc; xu va lai cau true Igi ehuong tnnh hudng dang djch chuyen cac Irudng dai hpe "linh hoa" NhCrng nguyen t i c phat trien chifdng trinh dao tgo sang dgi hgc "dgi chung" (phd egp), gia tang quy md nhanh De phat trien ehuong trinh dao tgo mang tinh lien lien va chong Vdi mgt thj trudng lao dgng bien dgng va phat trien hien dgi, cSn ehu y den nhQng nguyen tac cd ban Peler F khdng ngUng, cae IrUdng dgi hpe can dUa vao nhu cau cua Oliva (2005) da dua cac \\en de (cd the hieu nhU nguyen llic) xa hpi de xSc d|nh myc lieu va phUdng hudng hogt dgng eua dinh hudng cho nhQng ngudi thiet ke ehuong trinh dao tao, minh Giao dye dgi hgc phai thye hipn phUdng phap giao Chung dUa nhQng hUdng dan cSn thiet nh^m tgo mgt dye dya tren tri thUe, dao tgo nhQng ngudi hgc cd kha nang chUdng trinh dao tao cd chat lugng.- Chuong trinh dao tgo ty hpe va cd trach nhigm vdi viec hoe cua minh Iuon thay ddi, gan vdi sU 'hay dot eua xa hpi, mang tinh thdi - Coi trpng chat lupng lUOng quan chi phi va nhu dai Giao dye la san pham cua ngUdi, dupe sang Igo cau th| trudng; xu hudng dot hdi cac dai hpe phat xem qua trinh phal trien eua nhan logi, va d6 giao dye ludn phai sinh vign nhu khach hang cCia minh, va phai dap Qng dugc dap Qng vdi nhQng thay ddi Irong qua tnnh phat trien kinh le nhSng nhu cau chfnh dang cCia hp Do vay egnh Iranh giQa chinh Iri - xa hgi M6i thdi dgi deu cd nhQng van de can phai giai cic IrUdng dgi hpe nham thu hut khach hang eua minh la quyet mang ban chat cua xa hot dd NhQng thay dot eua xa hoi mdi xu thd tat yeu De Igo nang lyc cgnh tranh cac anh hudng tryc tiep va mgnh me den giao dye IQ triel ly giao trudng dgi hgc phat nhanh chong nang cao chat lugng dao dye cho tdi phudng phap thye hien Igo cOa minh tren cd sd dap irng nhu cau cua ngudi hgc va - Thay dot mang tinh ke IhQa va tien hanh ddng thdi NhQng cua xa hgi thay ddi giao dgc dugc the hien ro net Ihiel ke - Dao tgo phSi glin lien vdi nhu cau xa hpi, dap Qng nhQng chUdng Irinh dao lao, ttong qua tnnh dd khdng he ed sy khdi ky vpng cCia nhQng ddi tupng lien quan nhu sinh vien, ngudi sU dau hay ket thue dpi nggt ma Iuon ed sy ke IhUa va mang tinh dyng lao ddng, cdng ddng xa hgi .Dieu dd cho thay Iraeh nhiem qua Ihnh NhQng dot mdi sang tgo dan xen vdi nhOng yeu id xa h$i eua trudng dgi hgc cang cao, trd mgt lieu Injyen thdng, nhQng Iri Ire lot Ihdi ton tgi song song vdi nhQng chuan danh gia linh Ihich Qng ciia mdt tnjdng dgi hpe yeu id lien lien, chung Ion lai bien chQng va dao thai Cgc xu hudng chinh dSn tdt mpt van de ma cae irudng dgi - ChUong tnnh dao tgo gan lien vdi nhQng thay ddi IQ hgc ludn phSi coi irpng, dupe xem Id cd sd de nang eao chat ngUdi, la ket qua cua sQ ludng lac giQa cac nhdm lien quan lugng dao tgo, dd 1^ xSy dyng dupc chUdng Ihnh dao tgo tien Mpl nhQng nguyen tac quan trpng xay dyng va lidn, hi^n dgi nhung phd hgp vdi di^u ki$n ey the cua tQng qude phal trien ehudng tnnh la sy gdn lien vdi hpal ddng ctja eon gia qui trinh phat tnen ngudi; dd la bg ba: ngudi hgc - ngudi dgy - ngUdi sCf dyng (xa Cung cap cho xa hdi lyc lUpng lao dpng cd chat lugng, am hgi) Cy Ihe qua Irinh xay dyng va phat tnen chuong trinh hilu chuy6n mdn, c6 ky nang gidi quyet cong vi^c va thai dp can xuat phat tU nhu cau ngudi hpe, nhu cau xa hgi va kha tr^ch nhidm ddi vdi bSn than va xa hdi U ' nang ty than cua ngUdi dgy (tnidng dgi hgc); day la mpt qua trinh tUdng lac giQa cae nhdm nham ehgn lya phUdng an tdi UU Irong IQng giai doan - Xay dyng va phal trien chUdng trinh dao tgo la mgt qua trinh quyet djnh mang tinh lien lyc Xay dyng chUdng trinh dao tgo, nhat la cae trUdng dai hoc, khdng ehi thuan mang tinh nghien ciiu khoa hpe Day la mpl qua trinh quyet djnh cua cae cap quan ty ca ve chuyen mon Ian hanh chinh; tac dgng mgnh me va mang tinh sdng van hanh cua mpl trudng dgi hgc Thye te cho thay chUdng Irinh dao lao vQa cd tinh phap ly Irong quan ly vC/a mang tinh dae IrUng cCja iQng trudng Nhu cau ngudi hgc thay dot theo su phat trien cua xa hoi, chUdng trinh dao lao cQng can cap nhat nhQng tri thQc mdi; vSy qua trinh quyet djnh diin lien lyc, ham chQa Irong qua tnnh la qua trinh ke hpach, thye hien va danh gia chUdng Irinh - ChUdng trinh dao tao dot hdi phai thiet ke tren quan diem he thdng va toan dipn Mgt nhQng sai lam thUdng mSc phai Ihiel ke chUdng trinh dao tao la ap dyng qua Ihnh IhQ - sai - sQa: Mpl ehuong trinh thiet ke idl phai hgn che den mUc thap nhat nhQng sai sot, vay quan diem he thdng phan lich va thidt ke chUOng Irinh dao tgo phat la quan diem xuyen sudl, neu khdng chung ta se co mgt ket qua mang linh chap va, IQng bg phan rieng biet cua ehuong trinh khong ket ndi Igi mgt tdng the - Xay dung chUdng trinh dao tao phai bat dau IQ chuong trinh hign tgi NhQng ddi mdi va sang tgo Iuon mang tinh ke thUa, viec phal Irien ehuong trinh tren co s6 danh gia nhQng Uu khuyet cua chUdng Ihnh dao tao da cd cho phep phat huy nhQng cai tdt, lai cau trUe va dieu chinh nhQng ton tgi Dieu lam cho qua Ihnh giang dgy mang tinh lien lyc, nhUng Iuon cd kha nang chap nhan va tiep nhan nhCrng cai mdi Npi dung cd ban cua chUdng trinh dao tgo Theo Ralph Tyler, chUdng trinh dao tgo bao gdm phan chinh, cac phan khdng idn tgi doe lap ma ed mdi quan he chat che, lac ddng len - Myc lieu dao Igo: Myc lieu eua mgt chUdng trinh dao Igo khdng ehi la khdi kien thUe thuan cung cap cho ngUdi hpe de tgo ky nang nghe nghiep, ma phat bao gdm ca phat trien ky nang mdm, tu phan bien va dac biet la thai dg trach nhiem cua ngudi hoc dot vdi xa hgi va ty nhien, Xu hudng da van hda ciJa nen kinh le hgi nhap ddi hot trude het cae ca nhan phai cd kha nang lam viec hai hda va co hieu qua vdi nhQng ngudi khac, Xual phat IQ myc lieu CLja chUdng trinh de thiet Igp nhQng chuan dau Ihich Qng, - Not dung dao tgo: La nhQng kien IhUc, ky nang, phUdng phap ma chuong trinh dao tao mudn cung cap cho ngudi hoc; not dung chUdng trinh dao tao phat Ihda man cung lue nhQng rang bupc: (1) mang tinh he t.hdng, (2) lien lien hign dgi, (3) phu hpp vdi nhu cau thue le, va (4) ed kha nang trien khai nhQng dieu kien cy the cua ngudi hgc va ngudi dgy Vdi nhQng rang budc nhu tren, viee phal Irien chuong trinh dao Igo la qua trinh phQc tap, ddi hot sy Iham gia cua nhieu phan lien quan, - Phuong phap giang dgy; PhUdng phap gi&ng dgy phy thugc eua myc lieu va ngi dung chuong Irinh; phUOng phap giang dgy lieh eye vdi ngudi hgc la Irung lam, phat huy (inh sang tgo va dan chu viec dgy va hgc ca nhan hda vipc hgc la phUdng phap dugc danh gia eao Ben cgnh dd, theo dgc trUng cua nganh hpe va mon hgc, cae phuong phap DaijvciHpc SO 5-201 giang dgy khac eung dupc sil dyng tren cd sd lay myc tieu dao lao va chuan dau de lam thude cho viec truydn dgi nhQng ngi dung ma ehUdng trinh ddi hdi - Danh gia ket qua: La mgt thSnh phan quan trpng, bao dam ttiuc hi§n dung not dung dao tgo va thoa man nhQng myc tieu dat Hp thong danh gia phai phu hdp vdi ngi dung chuong trinh dao tgo, phu hgp vdi ddi tugng dUde danh gia va bao dam lupng hda dugc theo nhOng chuan dau Tiep cgn xay dyng chUdng trinh dao tgo Cd yeu Id chinh lam cd sd xay dyng ehUOng trinh dSo Igo, cac yeu id cd mdi lUOng quan vdi qua trinh khao sal, thiet ke va phat trien chUOng trinh dao tgo Bat cir mgt yeu to nao Ihay ddi se tgo dgng lyc cho sy thay ddi ciia b&n than chuong trinh da eo - NgUdi hgc; Neu coi ngudi hgc la khach hang thi xay dyng chUdng Irinh dao Igo can ph&i khao sal va xac djnh chinh xac nhu cau cCia ngudi hpe NhQng nhu cau va ddi hdi cQa ngudi hgc se la mot ddi Irpng can thiet cho ngUdi dgy qua Ihnh phal tnen va lai cau tnjc chUOng trinh K'y vpng ctta ngUdi hoc phat dugc the hien qua cau true va npi dung cCta chUdng trinh dao lao, ket qua eua nd la chat lugng dau ma ngUdi hgc dupelhu hudng - Ngudi sQ dyng Day la nhQng to chQe, cd quan, doanh nghiep sQdyng lao dgng Hp chinh la ngudi danh giS va sang Ipc nhQng chuong Irinh dao lao, chUdng Irinh dao tgo cCia mpl nganh hgc phai mang tinh he thdng, b&o dam linh ke thUa cua tri thdc, nhUng phai Ihiel ke linh hogt de dap Qng dupc nhCmg Ihay ddi eua IhUc liln Danh gia nhu cau va nhQng ddi hdl c&a ngudi sQ dyng lao ddng la mgt phan khong the Ihieu xay dyng va phal Irien chUOng trinh dao tgo - NgUdi dgy: La kha nang dap Qng eua IrUdng dgi hgc, the hien qua Ihnh kien IhQc, kinh nghiem eiia lye lupng giang vien; nhQng dieu kien cd sd vat chat phyc vy qua Irinh dgy va hgc Ban than ngudi day cQng phai dap Cfng dupe nhiJng ddi h6i cang eao va da dgng cfja nhu c^u xa hoi Xay dyng chUdng Irinh phai giai quyet dugc cap dd cua ngudi hpe: - Cap dd (Biel): La cap kien thQc tdng quat, vdi nhQng khai niem va nguyen ly cd ban eung cap mpl each cd h§ thdng cho ngudi hgc Cap la nhQng kien thQc lam co sd Cho viec hpe va tiep can nhQng kien thQc d mQc dp sau hOn cCia nganh nghe dupe dao tgo Nhifng mon hpe dap Qng cap dd can phai dUpc thiet ke bao dam cho ngudi hpe biel dung - Cap dp (Hieu), La nhQng kien IhQc Qng dyng vao cac cong viec lien quan, nd bao gdm cac mdn hpe cCia khdi kien IhQc giao dye chuyen nghiep ket hgp vdi cac ky nang iLfdng lUdng Qng, MQc doi hdi ngudi hgc phai hieu sSu va co kha nang van dyng sang tgo nhQng kien thQc vao \tm nhiJng cdng viec ey the ma ngudi hgc ky vgng Cap dp (Giai quyel van de): La kien thQc chuyen ng^nh thgo, g i n lien vdi tu phSn bi^n ket hpp vdi kh& nang phan lich tdng hgp va kha nang giai quyel cac van de nSy sinh Ihue le nghe nghiep eua ngudi hgc IV NHffNG HAM Y CHO VIEC NANG CAO CHAT Ll/ONG BAO TAO TAI CAC TRL/CiNG DAI HQC VIET NAM ThUc te xay dyng chi/dng trinh dao tgo is cac trUtfng dgi hgc Vipt Nam Cd mpl thye l^ d cac trudng dgi hgc VN vi§e xay dgng DtJOfvaHQC 805-2013 va phal then chuong trinh dao tgo la qua trinh thudng xual phat \il "ngudi dgy", tQc la chuong trinh dupe hinh tQ mpl nhom nhQng giang vien hgi ddng khoa hgc eiia khoa chuyen nganh va cac chuyen vien phy trach, hp dya vao khung chUdng Ihnh Bp Giao dye va Dao lao ban hanh, th&o luan va quyet dinh se dgy nhQng ngi dung gi va nhQng mdn hgc nao lien quan den khdi kien thQc nganh va chuyen nganh gan lien vdi myc tieu dao tgo, vdi chuan dau ChUdng Irinh dao tgo sau dupe xay dyng se dupc thdng qua cap eao hpn, nghi^ng vd quyll djnh quan ly va mang linh hanh chinh Sau dd, nhQng giang vien IQ bp mdn chuyen mon se thao luan vdi nen dgy nhQng kien ihUc gi? va dgy nhu the nao cho sinh vi§n NhQng giSng vien cCia bo mdn quyet dinh each IhQc giang dgy phy thudc vao kinh nghigm va sy tr&i nghiem cCia ban than minh Trong mdt sd trudng hpp, va rat phd bien hien nay, nhQng ngudi xdy dyng ehuong trinh thudng ke thUa IQ nhQng chuong trinh dao tgo cCia cac trudng dgi hgc cd be day kinh nghipm va cd uy tin sau dd se dieu chinh oho phu hgp vdi hoan cSnh eua minh, bat chap nhQng khac biet ve ngudn lyc va myc lieu dao tgo cCia cac trudng Cach xay dyng chUdng Irinh gan nhu ehl xuat phat IQ "nhQng gi minh cd" cCia ngudi dgy, ma il phdi hpp hai hda tU "ngudi hgc" va "ngudi sQ dyng san pham" eCia chUdng Irinh dao lao Doi mpl sd trudng dai hgc cCing xem xet y kien iQ ngudi hgc va ngudi sis dyng lao dgng de xay dyng chUdng Irinh dao lao eua minh, luy nhien nhQng y kidn dd ehl.dupc xem la y kien tham khao cho ngudi xay dyng chuong trinh Trong qua trinh thiet kg va phat trien chUdng trinh dao tgo, mgt idn tgi xual hien mpt each tu nhien, mac du nhQng ngudi Iham gia xay dyng chUdng trinh khdng mong mudn, ia hidn tugng "gpl chan cho vQa gi^y", Cae Irudng quyel dinh chuong trinh ludn ph&i linh den lyc lugng giang vien cLJa minh cd dSm nhan dUpc cac mon hgc irong chuong trinh khong? Va qua dd cd nhQng dieu chinh mdn hpe, ngi dung ehuong trinh khdng luan theo Ifnh khoa hge hay nhu cau thye le cua xa hpi mci phy Ihupc vao khS nang cua dpi ngu nhan lyc cfia minh Chinh each xay dyng ehuong tnnh dao tgo theo kieu nhu vay n&n sy phu hpp cua ehudng trinh dao tgo vdi nhu cau xa hdiva vdi sy ky vgng ciia ngudi hQC edn mpt khoang each rat xa Do cd su khac biel giQa ky vpng eua ngudi hgc va cua nhu clu xa hgi vdi ehUdng trinh dao tgo cua cae trudng, dan tdi viec triln khai chUdng trinh dao lao vao giang dgy Iuon ed mgt khoang each, ma dd cae trudng rat khd giam sat va dieu chinh kjp thdi, nhQng sai l^ch ludn ed khuynh hudng ndi rdng Va cung chuong Irinh xual phat IQ uan diem lay giang vi6n lam trung tam ma cae gi&ng vien Ihudng lya chgn each giSng truyen thdng 'Ihuyel giang" va doc Ihogi, NhQng cai each phuong phap giang dgy theo md hinh lay ngudi hpe la trung tSm trd nhQng cd glng le loi cua IQng giang vien luy vao trinh dd va trach nhi^m cCia IQng ngudi NhQng bien phap nh&m chuan hda kien thUc giang dgy thdng qua hg thdng kiem Ira danh gia b| vd hi^u hda nhanh chdng, thgm chi bi phan Qng quyet ligt Id ddi ngu giSng dgy dudi nhieu hinh ihUc khac Phat trien chUOng trinh dao tgo nham nang cao chat lupng dao tgo - ChUdng trinh dao igo c^n soat va dieu chinh tren cd sd ket hpp yeu td Ngudi hgc- Ngudi sQ dyng lao dgng - Ngudi dgy; luong quan danh gia ndi dung cua cac mdn hge bao dam tinh h$ thdng va kd IhQa tri thQc de hinh thap cap dd cho ngudi hpe; Biet ® Hieu ® Giai quyet van de ChUdng trinh dao tgo phai xac d|nh ro ket qua dau thdng qua vide hinh va chi tiet hda chuan dau ctio tdng nganh phii hgp vdi xu the the gidi - Xay dyng chuOng trinh can huy ddng sQc manh long hpp ciJa cae nha khoa hpe, cac chuyen gia Irong va ngoai trUdng, lam viec mot mdi trudng Ihugn Ipi Ihue day y kien sang tgo CLia cac vien, Cd su quan tam dung mQc cua ngudi lanh dgo (lien quan den quyel djnh mang tinh hanh chinh) - C^n nhanh chong ap dyng phUdng phap giang dgy lich cue ddi vdi lai ca cac mdn hgc, lay ngudi hge lam tnjng lam va thue day nhanh qua trinh ca nhan hda viec hgc Tang eUdng nhQng bien phap khuyen khich linh sang lao, kha nang tU hgc va xay dyng thai dd lich eye cho sinh vien De lam dupc van de can cd sy quan tam dung mQc cua he thdng quan ty va cac nha lanh dgo; vi nd lien quan den chi phi van hanh, dieu kien ed sd vat chat, quy che hoal dgng va van hda td chUc -Tang cUdng sUgln ket giQa ly Ihuyel va IhUc te thdng qua nhieu bipn phap Tang cudng tinh thye le Irong ndi dung bai giang cua IQng mdn hgc Ihdng qua nhQng tinh hudng, sy kien va cac van de dang diin Irong thye lien ma ngUdi dgy dua vao he Ihdng bai lap, bai thao luan cua IQng mdn hgc - Nhanh chong trien khai viec lya ehpn giang vien va phal trien dpi ngu giang vien bao dam dap Qng nhu cau giang dgy ea ve sd lugng lln chat lugng Tinh loan kha nang huy dpng lyc lUdng giang vien ed kinh nghiem Ihyc le (doanh nhan, nha quan tn, chuyen gia ) tham gia giang dgy hay kel hpp vdi giang vien mdn hoc viec trien khai thao iuan phan lich hay tga dam mon hgc Tang cudng mUe giao tiep cua sinh vien vdi linh hudng thQc le qua Iham quan, kien tap va lam dy an thye te, - Xay dyng mdi trudng dgy va hpe than thi^n, dan chu Hinh cac kenh phan hdi tryc tiep va gian tiep mang tinh chinh IhQe de sinh vien co kha nang the hign y kien va quan diem cua minh Tai ca cac y kien phai dupc xem xet Iren tinh Ihan ion trpng va phal tnen U KET LUAN Phat trien chuong trinh dao Igo la mpl yeu td cd ban de nang eao chat iupng dao Igo eua cae IrUdng dgi hgc VN hipn De lam tdi qua trinh can co nhQng nhan IhQe mdi cua cac cap quan ly giao dye ve sQcan thiet va tam quan trgng cCia chuong Irinh dao Igo ddi vdi sy ton tai va phal tnen cua trudng dai hpe Viec xay dyng chuong trinh dao tgo phai xuat phal IQ nhu cau da dgng va Iuon bien dgng cCia xa hgi, lay ngudi hoc lam trung lam, nham xay dyng hg thdng dao tgo liep can den nhQng chuan myc chung cua the gidi Chuong trinh dao Igo khdng ehl thuan cung cap nhQng kien thUe cho ngUdi hpe ma no phai tgo dupc qua tnnh 'ly hoc, ty chiu trach nhigm ve viec hgc" cua sinh vien; dao Igo nhQng ca nhan co kien IhQc vQng vang, cd lu phin bien va thai dg lich cue cupe sdng Lam dugc nhU the Ihi viec nang cao chat luyng dao tgo dgi hgc VN len ngang lam khu vyc va the gidi khdng phai la khdng lam dupc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1, Bd Giao due a Dao tao, Luat Giao dgc 2005, NXB Giao dye Nguyin Van Kha (2011), Phat tnen Chuong trinh Giao due NXB DaihgcSuPhgrn PaulA Bolt(2012).UniversityFacultyDevelopmenl.UEF Peler F.Oiva (2005), Developing Ihe curriculum, (Nguyin Kim Dungdch), NXBGiaodyc ... hgc IV NHffNG HAM Y CHO VIEC NANG CAO CHAT Ll/ONG BAO TAO TAI CAC TRL/CiNG DAI HQC VIET NAM ThUc te xay dyng chi/dng trinh dao tgo is cac trUtfng dgi hgc Vipt Nam Cd mpl thye l^ d cac trudng dgi... Chinh vi co vj tri ea he thdng giao dye dao tgo theo hudng mot xa hpi hgc nhu the nen mudn nang cao chat lupng dao Igo Irong InjUng lap; hgc tap bal cQ lue nao, bat cQ nOi dau va hgc lap sudl... dao tgo nham dap Qng nhu ngupc Igi qua trinh giang dgy la mpt ngudn dong lyc de cai lien cau cang cao va da dgng cua nen kinh te tri IhQc; xu va lai cau true Igi ehuong tnnh hudng dang djch chuyen