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II NGHIEN CCru & CTNG D U N G mF t » m '''' CAC YEU TO ANH HU0NG DEN HIEU QUA OUAN LY DlTA VAO NHA TRUdNG ThS VQ Thi Mai HUdng Khoa QLGD, TrUdng DHSP Hd Ndi Qudn ly dfla vdo nha va d^i divn ciia cae cpng[.]
II NGHIEN CCru & CTNG DUNG mF t _ »_ m.' CAC YEU TO ANH HU0NG DEN HIEU QUA OUAN LY DlTA VAO NHA TRUdNG ThS VQ Thi Mai HUdng Khoa QLGD, TrUdng DHSP Hd Ndi Qudn ly dfla vdo nha trfldng da trd thdnh xu hfldng rat phd bien tron^ linh vflc giao dye hdn mpt thap ky qua Nhflng nghien cflu vd thflc hifn cac ehUdng trinh quan ly dfla vdo nha trfldng thflc tien ngdy edng lam sang td hdn vc khai nifm qudn ly dfla vdo nhd trfldng Dicu ndy dflpc khang dinh thdng qua vifc xem xet minh chflng, ddnh gid tde dpng cua md hinh quan ly dfla vdo nhd trfldng hay dnh hfldng eua ede yeu td tde dpng qud trinh thfle hifn chfldng trinh qudn ly dfla vdo nhd trfldng d hdng loat ede qude gia ddi vdi sfl thay ddi ket qua gido dye ciing nhfl thay ddi ve mpi mat cua cdc nha trUdng Mac du neu quan diem khdc nhflng hau het ede tdc gid deu thdng nhat mpt so d%c diem ehung cua md hinh quan ly dfla vdo nhd trfldng nhfl sau: Trdch nhifm, quyen quyet djnh vd qudn ly dflpc trao eho hifu trfldng, gido vien, eha m? hpc sinh, cpng ddng xa hpi vd ddi Id ca hpe sinh Tuy nhien, khdng phdi tit ca cac thdnh vien tren ludn n i m ban qudn ly Cl mpt sd ndi, hifu trfldng vd gido vien Id nhfing ngfldi nhat ed quyen quyet djnh Cha m? hpc sinh va d^i divn ciia cae cpng ddng xa hpi chi dflpc khuyen khfch tham gia hode dflpc uy nhifm mpt nhifm vy nhat dinh nao Nhfl vdy, qudn ly dfla vao nha trfldng se can cfl vdo tinh hudng cy the de xdc djnh sc tham gia qudn ly Dac dicm ndy da phan ndo the hifn tinh mem deo, linh ho^t eua qudn ly dfla vdo nha trfldng Mye dich ma quan ly dfla vdo nhd trfldng hfldng den la ddm bao tinh edng bang, dung dan vd minh bach cua cac quyet djnh dfldc dfla Cde thdnh vien tham gia qudn ly cd quyen quyet djnh ve mpt hode nhieu mdng hoat dpng quan trpng cua trfldng nhfl: Phdn bd tdi ehinh, tuyen dung hay sa thdi gido vien vd nhdn vien khac trUdng, xdy dflng chflpng trinh, lfla chpn tdi hfu hpc tdp, dau tfl ed sd vdt chat, ddnh gid gido vien vd hpc sinh, Mpi cupc cai cdch gidp dye deu hfldng tdi nang cao chat Ifldng gido dye Cupc cdi each lay nhd trfldng ldm trung tam dang dien sdi ndi vd ehiem flu the da ddng vai trd quan trpng gdp phin ddi mdi hifn tr^uig chat Ifldng gidp dye nhieu nflde tren the gidi Qudn ly dfla vdo nha trfldng da dxigc dp dyng d cac nfldc phat trien, dang phat Nhdn bdi ngdy 6/2/2012 S • TAP CHi THIFFBI GIAO Dye-sd 79-3/2012 trien; tren khap cac khu vflc vd chdu lye; thfle day cdc cP sd gido dye thupc hf thdng dang qua trinh chuyen ddi phai chuyen ddi nhanh hdn, eae hf thdng kiem soat vd tap trung tich cflc cdi tien vd thay ddi theo hfldng phan quyen nhieu hdn, gidm bdt quyen lfle chinh quyen trung flpng Cde yeu td tdc dpng cua chflpng trinh qudn ly dfla vao nhd trfldng phy thupc vdo mfle dp ehuyen giao vd phan bo quyen lfle, va l o ^ hinh chfldng trinh quan ly dfla vdo nha trfldng dflpc tiep nhan thflc hifn thflc tien Xdc dinh vd thiet ke cdc yeu td tde ddng tdi md hinh cd the rat phflc t^p vi dieu hen quan den rat nhieu cdc ben cd hen ddi ciing nhfl hdng logit nhflng yeu td dau vdo hode cd the ddn gian chi la mpt sfl thay ddi vifc phan bd cy the ngudn lfle ndo Mpt nhfing tdi Ufu ve quan ly dfla vao nhd trfldng mpt sd chuyen gia giao dye dfla (vi dy, Bauer et al 1998) de xuat ring, cae yeu td tdc dpng ciia cac chfldng trinh quan ly dfla vdo nha trfldng cd the gdm: a) "ph^un vi", b) "ra quyet djnh", vd c) "sfl uy thae" "Pham vi" hen quan den sfl sdng td cua cdc mye dich cde thdnh vien ciia Hpi ddng nhd trfldng dfla NGHI!N CUU & UNG DUNG ra, hode phflpng difn sfl dnh hfldng eua cdc quyet dinh md nhd trfldng dfla Thfle tien "ra quyet djnh'' hen quan tdi thfle tien thflc hifn md hinh qudn ly dfla vdo nhd trfldng lfla chpn cua Hpi ddng nhd trfldng "Sfl uy thae" lien quan den sfl tflpng tde gifla cde thdnh vien edng ddng hode Hpi ddng nhd trfldng vd cha m? hpe sinh Tdi hfu gdc eua Bauer (1996, 1997) vd Bauer cung nhflng ngfldi khde (1998) dd tao nhieu cdng cy de ede thdnh td ndy Tuy nhien, ede phfldng tifn vd mfle dp Id khd de dfla vdo thfle tien Ching han, nhieu cdch dflpc de la ve nhdn thfle, dieu ndy mang tinh chu quan, vd dodn vd khd cd the thfle hifn phep so sdnh nghien cflu danh gid Theo mdt sd tdc gia (Gertler et al 2007 vd Santibaurez 2006) ddi vdi cdc chflpng trinh qudn ly dfla vdo nhd trfldng thi cd hang loat cde yeu td tde dpng qud trinh thflc hifn cde chfldng trinh cd the ldm thay ddi ket qua gido due Khi nhfing cung cap ban dau ben (ve yeu td ngudn lfle) cua nhd trfldng thay ddi thi cdc ket qud gido due ed the thay ddi theo Dieu ndy dflde the hifn d hai khia canh sau: Thd nhdt, nhfing ngfldi d cap dp dja phfldng (cde thdnh vien cdng ddng, cha me, dpi ngu gido vien, can bd nhan vien nha trfldng vd hpc sinh) cd nhieu thdng tin ve nha trfldng hdn Id chinh quyen trung fldng Dieu ndy ed nghia la nhflng ngfldi d dja phfldng se cd sfl lfla chpn tdt hpn, phu hpp hdn eho nhd trfldng so vdi ehinh quyen trung fldng dfla vdo Bp Giao dye, hode thdm ehi ddi vdi cdc nhd ed tham quyen ve gido dye d dja phfldng Theo nghia nay, dieu quan trpng de nhdn thay hode ed the tim kiem sfl thay ddi nhd trfldng theo cae linh vflc sau: a Cdc quye't dinh quan trgng ve nhdn sU {cic giao vien vd nhdn vien hdnh ehinh) nhfl la tuyen dyng, sfl dyng, thdi gian ludn ehuyen vd ddo tao gido vien Dieu quan trpng la biet dflpc khdng chi cdc phflpng difn ve ede bien sd dfldc chuyen giao eho cap dp nhd trfldng vd tan suat dflpc quyet djnh, ma cdn xdc djnh mdt each chinh xde Id ngfldi quyet djnh Vi dy, cdng ddng hay cha me hpc sinh cd quyen thfle sfl ddi vdi vifc tuyen dyng vd sfl dyng gido vien? b Cdc quyet dfnh quan trgng ve viic chi phi: Xem xet vd quyet djnh nhflng thay ddi ve sd Ifldng chi tieu, ve cP sd vdt chat, quan ly hdnh ehinh vd ddo tao dpi ngu Ddng thdi, dieu quan trpng de cd the dfla quyet dinh Id ngfldi dxigc cdc quyet djnh dau tfl ndy c NhUng thay ddi qud trinh gido due: Nhfing thay ddi ve phfldng phdp gido dye, nhfl each gido vien td ehfle ldp hpe vd d phfldng difn ndo hpc sinh dfldc khuyen khich de tham gia vdo tat ea cde hoat ddng giao dye vd day hpc (cde hoat ddng II thy dpng ddi ldp vdi chu dpng) mdi trfldng ldp hpc Qudn ly dfla vdo nhd trfldng ed the ldm thay ddi sfl phan bd thdi gian cua cdc giao vien ddi vdi cde nhifm vu giang day, quan ly Idp vd cac cupc hpp vdi cham? hpc sinh, cac vien cpng ddng Ddng thdi, quan ly dfla vao nha trfldng cd the gdp phan lam gidm ty If vang mat eua giao vien ede hoat dpng ehuyen mdn va cae hoat dpng khae eua nha trfldng d Huy dgng ngudn lUc: Ldi cudn sfl tham gia eua cha me vd cpng ddng nhieu hdn vao ede edng vifc eua nhd trfldng cd the ddi dan den vifc nhd trfldng nhan dflpc nhieu sfl ddng gdp vd tdi trd tfl nhdn bang vdi sd tien md chinh quyen trung flpng cap hode tfl tien thue eua dia phflpng Thd hai, qudn ly dfla vdo nhd trfldng cd the ldm thay ddi ve mat ly thuyet ddi vdi ede ket qud gido dye bang vifc tang cfldng dfla cpng ddng vd cha me hpe sinh tham gia vdo cac hoat ddng eua nhd trfldng, tri trdch nhifm vd sfl gidm sdt eua nhfing ngfldi dfla quyet djnh ve qudn ly nhd trfldng Theo dd, ndi dung ndy dflpc the hifn d cde van de sau ddy: a Ldi cudn sU tham gia trUc tiep cua cha me hgc sinh vd cgng ddng vdo nhd trUdng: Khang dinh ed ehe chinh thflc eua sfl phdi hpp hay sfl hpp tdc gifla ede thdnh vien cdng ddng, eha me vd nha trfldng (vi dy nhfl Hdi ddng nhd trfldng), ddng thdi xde djnh cdc thdnh vien, TAP CHi T H I ^ BIGlAO DUC-sd 79-3/2012 • II NGHIEN cCru & UNG DUNG trdeh nhifm cua cdc thdnh vien ed ehe phdi hpp ndy Dieu cdt yeu Id xac djnh cd bao nhieu cupc hpp ^iiia cpng ddng vd nha trfldng cung nhfl cde lo^i cupc hpp dd (vi dy, cdc cupc hpp dera quyet djnh hode chl vi cdc mye dieh ve thdng tin) b Lien ket giUa sU loi cudn tham gia cua cha me hgc sinh vd cdc quyet dinh d cdp dd nhd trUdng: Xdc djnh dflpc nhflng yeu cau cd tinh chat khuyen nghj cd hf thdng hode sfl ca ngpi, dpng vien khuyen khich cua cac thdnh vien cpng ddng ddi vdi cdng vifc gidng d^y, gido dye Clia gido vien ddi vdi edi hp nhd trfldng Ddng thdi, quan trpng Id biet dfl^c nhfing kien nghj eua cde thdnh vien cpng ddng ve cdc van de eP sd vdt chat, trang thiet bj giang d^y vd hpc tdp cua nhd trfldng vd nhu eau ehi phi de gidi quyet cdc van de ndy c Thay ddi tdi chinh ke todn: SU cdi tien dp dung hi thdng thdng tin qudn ly gido due (Education Management Information System EMIS), hf thdng nhdn biet tien trinh hpe tdp cua hpc sinh vd hf thdng xac djnh nhfing ngudn thu tdi chinh Khi tham gia cdc qud trinh quyet djnh cua nhd trfldng trpng chfldng trinh quin ly dfla vdo nhd trfldng, cdc thdnh vien cpng ddng vd cha m? hpc sinh hpin todn cd the thuydt phye dfl