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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Vol 56, No 5, pp 154 101 D 6 I MCJI PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC MON HOA HOC THEO H U ( 3 N G PHAT HUY NANG L U C SANG TAO CHO SINH VIEN 6 T R U C 5 N G CAO DANG SU P H A M Nguyen Th[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Vol 56, No 5, pp 154-101 D I MCJI P H U O N G P H A P DAY HOC MON HOA HOC THEO H U ( N G PHAT HUY N A N G L U C S A N G TAO CHO SINH VIEN T R U C N G CAO D A N G SU P H A M Nguyen Thi Hong Gam Trudng Cao dang Hdi Duang E-uiiiil: gamcdsp'c'.gmail.com Tom tat Day hoc theo dfl dn Id mpt phUdng phdp day hpc tao moi trUdng thuan ldi cho sdng tao Bdi viit gidi thieu qui trinh day hg( theo dfl dn nhdm phdt huy nang Iflc sdng tcao cho sinh vien Thong qua cdc boat dgng qua trinh hoc, sinh vien dUdc sang tao suy nghl lap ki hoach, tfl thuc hien kc hoach Bdi viet trinh bdy ki hoach day hpc theo dfl dn va phan tich, gidi thieu nipt s6 ket qua dat dUdc ap dung pbUdng phap day hpc ndy d bai Cdc nguyen to nhdm IB (hgc phdn Hoa vo cd II d trUdng cao ddng sir pham) Md dau Theo cae nhd nghien cflu, khoa hgc sang tao flng vdi lan sdng thfl tfl eiud trinh phdt triin ciia loai ngudi, sau ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep va tin hgc Lan sdng thfl tu flng vdi "Crciilology" chinh hi sfl nhdn manh vai trd chu thi tfl sdng tcio cua loai ngudi thi ki NXL Mat khac \ iec phdt triin ndng Iflc sang lao cho hgc sinh, sinh xii'U euug da dugc neu chiin Ifldc phat triin gido due tfl nam 2011 din 2020 Chinh vi viiy cdn phai ddi mdi phfldng phap day hgc d cac trfldng cao eb>ng, dai hgc theo hfldng phat huy ndng Iflc sang tao cho sinh vien Hien phong trao ddi mdi phfldng phdp day hgc tai cdc trfldng cao ddng, dai hgc da va dang dflgc eiuan tdm Tuy nhien, mdt sd phfldng phap day hgc mdi nhfl diriy hoc theo dfl iiu dii\- hgc theo gdc, day hgc theo hop ddng, cdn chfla duge- nghign e-flu nhiiu Trong boi ciinh dd, bdi bdo nghign cflu viec dp dung day hgc theo du an dk phdt buy nang lire sang tao ciia sinh vign day hgc Hda vd cd d trfldng cao ddng sfl pham 154 Doi mdi phuang phdp dgy hgc m.dn Hoa hgc theo hudng phdt huy 2.1 N o i d u n g n g h i e n cufu Nang lUc sang tao Cd rdt nhiiu quan nie7Mn \'i sdng tao \-il nd dugc gdn kit vdi nhflng khdi niem khac nhu: v tudng sang tao, tu sdng tcio viee lam sang tao, phuong phdp sang tao, nang lire sang tiio,., Trong dd nang li.rc sang tiio chinh Id kha ndng thflc hien dirge nhflng diiu sdng tiio Dd la biit lam thao va liie5n ddi mdi, ed nhflng net ddc ddo rieng phu hgp I'di thi.rc t i Doi vdi hgc- sinh, sinh vign thi nang Iflc sdng tao la kha ndng biit de nhflng ciii mdi chua duge- hgc, nghe gidng, dgc tdi lieu hay tham gia \-e viin- dd [2] Ngudi ed niing lire sdng tcio trudc tign Id phdi cd tu sang tiio d i tiio nhflng y tudng sang ti-u) \ii cd phUdng phdp d i thire hien dirge nhflng v tfldng dd Trong tat cii cluing ta cung e-d kha nang sdng tao Tuy nhign niu khdng duge bdi dfldng, ren luyen nd se ddn mai mgt \T vdy di hgc sinh, sinh vien phdt buy tdi da khd nang sdng tao cua minh thi giao vign phdi tao diiu kien dk cho hg cd cd hgi phdt triin sdng tao 2.2 2.2.1 D a y h o c t h e o du* a n Khai n i e m Day hgc theo di.r dn (DHDA) hoac phucmg phdp DHDA dugc hiiu la mgt phfldng phap hay mgt hinh thflc day hgc, trcng dd ngudi hgc thi.rc hien mgt nhiem vu phfle hdp, cd sir kit hgp gifla li thuyit vd thi.rc tiin, thirc hanh Nhiem vu ndy dugc ngudi hgc thi.rc hien vdi tinh tfl Iflc cao qua trinh hgc tap, tfl viec xac dinh muc dich, lap ki hoach, din viec thi.rc hien di.r dn, kiim tra, diiu chinh, ddnh gia qud trinh va kit qua thi.rc hien [Ij 2.2.2 D a c d i l m cua day hoc theo di^ an DHDA cd dae diim cot ldi sau: - Dinh hudng vdo ngUdi hgc: NgUdi hgc dugc tham gia lfla chgn d i tdi cung nhu ngi dung hgc tap phu hop vdi khd ndng hay hflng thu eiia cd nhan ding thdi ddi hdi tinh tich cflc, tfl Iflc, tinh thdn trdch nhiem vd sfl sdng tao cua ngfldi hgc Dfl an dflgc thflc hien theo nhdm, cd sfl cdng tac va phdn chia cdng viec gifla cac vign - Dinh hudng vdo thuc tiin: Chu d i ciia dfl dn dflgc xudt phdt tfl tinh hudng ciia thflc tiin nghi nghiep, ddi song xa hgi Cdc dfl dn gdn viec hgc tap nhd trfldng vdi thflc tiin, kit hgp gifla li thuyit vdi thi.rc hanh, kit hgp tri thflc ciia nhiiu mdn hgc d i giai quyit melt van di mang tinh phfle hdp Dinh hudng vdo sdn phdm: Trdng qud trinh thuc hien dfl dn, cdc sdn phdm dflgc tad khdng gidi ban thu hoach li thuyit ma cdn cd t h i dugc sii dung, cdng bd hay gidi thieu [2] 155 Nguyen Tin Hong Gam Di.ra vao ddc diim va ciie- giai doi?,n ciia DHDA, ehung tdi thay hgc theo cbr an sinh vii'u phiii ehii dgng lfla chgn ngi dung, tfl lap ki hoach nghien cflu, tfl e-biii triieh iihieMU vdi ki hoi.ieh euii minh Cu the: sinh vien etfldc sdng tao suy nghl la]) ki boi.ich, siing tiio troug thflc hien nhigm vu vd sang tao bao cao kit (luii 2.3 Qui trinh t h y c hien day hoc t h e o di/ an d l phat t r i l n nang \\Xc s a n g t a o c h o s i n h v i e n sir p h a m Giai dogn Gidi thieu phiidng phdp dg,y hgc dii dn \eu Ciiu sinh vien lU ngbic'ii (-flu va thiio luan vi hc.)e- then) dfl an nhflng diim khiic biet e-ua eUy bgc- theo dfl an, Ciie- ki nang hgc- thee) dfl an Giai dogn Day hgc theo dii dn vdi chu de cu the Bade I Lap kc liogch, dit, dm: Gicing vien nghign cflu ke hoculi day hgc theo dfl dn bd sung nhflng vdn dk can thiit d i phu hgp vdi e;hue:Jng trinh, ndi dung \ a thi.rc te eua sinh \ign Giang vien ddn ddt vdn de vi chu d i cua dir an hoac cho sinh vien tfl chgn cilii di lign quan din bai hgc Nhgm sinh vien lap ,sd dd tu neu cae van dk cd lien quan (tiiu chii di) Giang vien cd t h i ggi y bdng each dua cac- can hdi ngi dung dg sinh vien phat trien v tudng Giang vign yen edu sinh vign thdd luan Giang vien hodn thien b6 sung Cho mdi nhdm sinh ^ ien chgn tiiu chu d i nghign cflu Mdi nhdm bip sd dd tfl \ i cac vdn d i can tim hiiu, lap ki hoach thflc hie^n trgn gidy \4 theo mAu (nhiem vu cho tflng ea nhdn, cdcb thu thap thdng tin, dfl kiin kit qua nhiem vi.i tdng hgp \ii viit bao cdo, dieu hanh ciia nhdm trudng) - Giiing vien theo ddi, ggi v, hd trg neu can Dili elie;^ii nhdm len trinh biiy edn cac nhdm khac Idng nghe gdp y Cudi cung gidng vie'n hoan tliie^n Chu y: Giang vien can yeu can lap ki hoach that chi tiet, ci.i t h i cho tflng hgc sinh Gdi v ciieb biy thdng tin cho sinh vien nhfl biy thdng tin qua mang, tai lieu Siieh bdo, gido trinh hay hdi y kiin trflc tiip (phdng van); cac hinh thflc bao cao da elcing nhu trinh chiiu, ddng kich, thuyit trinh qua cdc bang giay A,, Bitdic TliUe hien dit dm: Sinh vien thi.rc hi(;'n di.r dn theo nhiem vu dugc phan cdng Giang vign theo ddi va cd lich trao ddi vdi eac- nhdm trudng d i uon ndn vd dieu chinh kip thdi 156 Ddi mdi phuang phdp dgy hgc m,dn Hda hgc theo hudng phdt huy - Sinh vign cdn thdng qua bdo cdo trfldc- bdo cdo d trgn ldp Giang vien gdp y di sinh vien hoan thien Budc Bdo cdo kit qud vd ddnh gid du dn: Dai dien nhdm hgc sinh bdo cdo kit qua dfl an Cdc: nhdm khac Idng nghe, thao luan Giang vign phdt cdc phieu hgc tap, phiiu hdi, phiiu dieu tra di thu thdp thdng tin, ddnh gid du dn Giai dogn Ddnh gid sii sdng tgo cHa sinh vien Ddnh gid eiua bang kiim quan sdt biiu hi(;^n ming lire sang tiio c:iia sinh vign - Danh gid qua phiiu hdi, phiiu hgc tap - Danh gid qua kit qua cua dfl an vd sfl ddnh gid Idn cua sinh vign 2.4 ThuTc nghiem Chung tdi da tiin hanh thiit ki va thflc hien melt sd kg hoach diiy hgc theo dfl dn mdn Hda vo cd (hgc phdn Hcja vd ea H) d trfldng cad ddng su pham vdi bdi Cdc nguyen td nhdm IB Bai Cdc nguyen to nhom IB * Muc tieu Kien thfle: Sinh vign hiiu duge trang thai thign nhign va cdch khai thdc ddng, bac, vkng cung nhu hiiu dugc tinh chdt cua ddng, bac, vdng vd cdc hgp chat cua nd di giai thie:h cdc flng dung cua ddn chdt va hgp chat cua chung Ddng thdi sinh vign biit van dung tinh chdt cua dong, bac, vang vd cdc hgp chat cua nd dk dfla each thu hdi ddng, bac, vang tfl cdc phi lieu Kl ndng: Ren luyen ki ndng hgc tap hgp tdc, kl ndng thu thdp thdng tin, xfl li thdng tin ^•a kl ndng van di.ing thflc hdnh - Sang tao: Phdt triin tu sang tao qua thiit ki, lap sd tfl duy, lap ki hoach; phat triin nang Iflc sang tao each thi.rc hien nhiem vu dflgc giao va phat triin nang Iflc sang tao each bdo cao kit qua * Hoat ddng day hoc Sd dl chung tdi chgn bai Cdc nguyen td nhdm IB dk thi.rc hien DHDA vi ddy la kiin thflc ma sinh vign da dflgc biit mgt phdn d phd thong, cae kiin thfle cd thi lien he vdi thfle t i ddi sdng nhfl cac flng dung ciia Cu, Ag, Au va hgp chat; cdch luyen vang, bac; each thu hoi Cu, Ag, Au tfl cac phi thai, va ddc biet ndi dung, thdi gian phan bd cd thi cho phep thflc hien toan bg dfl an 157 Nguydn T h i H i n g G a m Thiii gian 'J'lu.rc lii('ii mot tio Kf(h thich kliiim pha Tao md\ tntdng sang tao Kich thich kham pha Tcio \i(;^c xfu- dung y tudng Tit lap kc hoach Ddi mdi phuang phdp day hgc mdn Hda hgc theo hudng phdt huy Hoat dpng Thiic hien dii dn Hoat dong ciia giang vien, Tinh huong thuan ldi Noi dung sinh vien cho sang tao GV thirdng xuyen lien lac ndm bdt tinh hinh cua ciic nhdm, tri nhiet huyct cua Ciic nhom, he") trd phigii khiio Tao moi trudng sang tao Thi.rc hien ke sdt hoac cau hoi phong van Tu thi.rc hien ki hoach hoach dfl dn dk SV thflc hien theo ki hoach Kich thich khdm pha va bang phan cong nhiem vu, lien lac ve'd giao vien can sir tu van, trd giup Hoat dpng Tdng hdp kit qud Hoat dong ciia giang Tinh huong thuan ldi Noi dung vien, sinh vien cho sang tao Thdi gian Thflc hien Tdng hgp kit qua, xdy di.rng ngd}' san phdm (ngodi gid) Hoat Thdi gian Thflc hien tiit chinh khda (45 phut) (45 phut) GV theo ddi, trg giup cdn SV tdng hgp thdng tin, phan tich kit qua, chudn bi bdo cdo theo each cua minh dpng 4- Bdo cdo ket qud vd ddnh Noi dung Bdo cdo kit qua Danh gia - Tao mdi trfldng sang tao Tfl thirc hien ki hoach Hoat dong cua giang vien, sinh vien - G\' theo ddi, td chflc cho SV bdo cdo SV bdo cdo (sfl diing phan mini Powerpoint hodc phim dk trinh chiiu) - GV tdng kit va cho SV tu danh gid Idn Ddnh gid qua phiiu hgc tap, phiiu hdi va phiiu danh gid di.r dn ciia cdc nhdm gid Tinh huong thuan ldi cho sang tao Tfl thi.rc hie?n ki hoach Tao mdi trfldng sdng tao Tfl danh gia 159 Ngu,ye1n Thi Hong Gdm Khi diinh giii dfl iiu vii klui iiiing phdi Iriiu niing Iflc siing tiio, e-hung te5i di.ra Viio phiiu hge- liij), i)liieii hdi, phieni ebiiih gia elu iin vd bang kiim quan sat cac bieu hi(;^ii Siing tiu) (ua sinh vie'ii Phiiu hoc td[) giup chung toi biit sinb vien hgc tlK^o dfl an cd (bit dfldc nu.ie- tieu vi kien thfle- da de khdng phieu hdi cho chung tdi bi(H Ciic ki iiiuig niii sinh vii'ii da sfl dung vii sfl siiiig tao cua sinh vien Chdng ban, qua phiiui hdi chung toi biit ed sinb vie'U gdp khd khdn vie(- lay thdng lin tien uii.mg vi cae-h diiMi elu'' vang vii sinh vien dd elA siiiig trio bi'vng (iieh khdng elira tren iiiiiiig mil phdng \i'iii vd e-hi.ip iinh thuc le d hieu viing Sau ting lu.)]) 108 plii(''ti hdi sinh vien tham giii thfle- nghiem d trfldng: Cao (bing Sir i)lii.iiii liung Veu, Cao diiug Su phi.im Ha Xgi Cao di'iiig Hiii Dflelng vc hoiit dgng phdt huy luiiig lire sang tiio day hge theo elu dn, chung tdi thu ebrge- kit epia d Bang Bdng Ket qud phdt huy ndng liic sdng tao cda hgc sinh d bdi Cdc nguyen to nhdm IB H o a t d g n g phat huy nSng Ii^c sang tao Y ' Liil) kg lioae:h "^ Tlurc hien ki hoach 3~" Bdo cdo kit qua Stt _ DHDA T i le % 87,50 96.43 89,88 Sd S V c h g n 147 1G2 " " 151 Mifl vay hgc theo dfl an thi boat eldng "Thi.re hien ki lie)iich" dflgc sinh vien cho la phat huy nang li.re sdng tao cao nhat Sir sang tao eua sinh vign cdn dugc thg hien d san pham ciia di.r dn ma sinh vign tad Trong khuoii khd bai bao, e:liiing toi khdng e-d diiu kie^n d i trinh \)ky tat e-a eiic san phdm cua sinh \ign nen chi dua mgt vi du ve ekeh thu hdi ddng va b- diiy hgc hda hgc d trudng cao ddng su pham ndi rigng se tiio nhflng moi tnrdng thudn Igi, kich thich sinh vign sang tao, tfl dd giup hge sinh, sinh vien phat triin ndng Iflc sdng tao cua minh TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O [1] Xguyin Lang Binh (chu bign), Dd Hudng Trd, Cao Thi Thdng va Nguyin Phuong Hdng, 2010 Day vd hgc tich cue Mdt so phuang phdp vd ki thudt day hgc Nxb Dai hgc Su phiim Hd \gi |2| Nguygn Hflu Chdu .Nguyin \'an Cudng, Tran Bd Hodnh, Nguyin Bd Kim vd Lam Quang Thiep, 2007 Ddi mdi ndi dung vd phuang phdp ddo tgo gido vien THCS Dfl an Dao tao gido vien THCS [3] Nguygn Cuong, 2007 Phuang phdp day hgc Hod hgc d trudng phd thdng vd dgi hoc Mot sd vdn di ca bdn Nxb Gidd due, Ha Ngi [4] Tran Thi Da, Nguyin T h i Ngdn, 2005 Hda hoc vd ca, tap Nxb Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ngi [5] http://vietsciences.Free.fr/thuctap_khoahoc/renluyen_sangtao/resume.htm [6] Website chuong trinh gidd diic cua Intel tai Viet Nam: h t t p : / / www.intel.eom/cd/corporate/education/APAC/\TE/292717.htm ABSTRACT The renewal of teaching m e t h o d s towards developing the creative capacity of students in Colleges of Education Project-based learning is a teaching method to create a favorable environment for creativity This article introduces process of project-based learning to develop the creative capacity of students Through the activities in the learning process, students are using creative thinking in planning and performing their tasks The article also presents the teaching plan and analyses, introduces the obtained results when making project-based learning in lesson of The elements of group IB (Inorganic Chemistry II Course, Colleges of Education) 161 ... hgc theo dfl an thi boat eldng "Thi.re hien ki lie)iich" dflgc sinh vien cho la phat huy nang li.re sdng tao cao nhat Sir sang tao eua sinh vign cdn dugc thg hien d san pham ciia di.r dn ma sinh. .. hdi sinh vien tham giii thfle- nghiem d trfldng: Cao (bing Sir i)lii.iiii liung Veu, Cao diiug Su phi.im Ha Xgi Cao di''iiig Hiii Dflelng vc hoiit dgng phdt huy luiiig lire sang tiio day hge theo. .. ci.i t h i cho tflng hgc sinh Gdi v ciieb biy thdng tin cho sinh vien nhfl biy thdng tin qua mang, tai lieu Siieh bdo, gido trinh hay hdi y kiin trflc tiip (phdng van); cac hinh thflc bao cao da