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DAY HQC VAN NGHj LUAN U HOI I^ TRUNG HOG PHd THfiNG Q N ghi ludn xd hdl (NIXH) \d kllu vdn bdn cd vj h-f quan trqng hong chuong trinh vd SGK NgO vdn THPT d cd hal h^ic dqc vdn vd Idm vdn Bdl NLXH Id t h i vdn gdn vdl ddi sdng thyc Hin cOo ngudi hqc v l cd phuong dl|n d l tdl vd phuong thOc bllu dqt Bdl vdn NIXH Id sdn phdm cOa qud h'lnh nhdn bllt, phdn Hch, ddnh gld cdc vdn d l h; h/dng, dqo If vd eudc sdng xd hdl cOa hqc sinh (HS) Y kiln, quan dilm hong bdl vdn cdn tq nhldn, chdn thyc, phO hqp vdl vdn sdng, cdch suy nghTvd cd Hnh cOa HS Kit qud dqc vdn cQng nhu Idm vdn s8 rdn luydn cho HS phuong phdp tu duy, ndng lye ngdn ngO, ndng lye nhdn thOc v l eudc sdng, xd hdl vd Ihdl dql Thyc trqng dqy hqc (DH) vdn NLXH d trudng phd ihAng Thyc t l DH vdn N I X H d THPT hl$n noy dd cd nhOng ehuyin blln Hch eye Ndl dung DH vdn NLXH phong phO hon, d l bdi dqng vd cd Hnh sdng tqo hon Thodt khdl ede d l bdl vdn cdng thuc, hdc bOo dd'l vdl HS, d l bdl NLXH hong SGK, hong cdc ki thi d l hllu, gdn gOI vdl ddl sdng, hqp vdl tdm tu Hnh cdm cOa HS vd mong Hnh ihdl sy Ddc bi^t Id sy xudt hl^n cOa d l NLXH ede kl thi tdt nghidp vd thi dql hqc vdo nhOng ndm gdn ddy Nhllu gido vidn (GV) vd HS dd hudng Ong sy ddl mdl cdch ro d l , kllm h^a, ddnh gld ddl vdi bdl vdn NLXH cOa HS h^ong DH vd thi cO hl$n noy Bdl HS cd co hdl d l t h i hl$n ndng lye cOa bdn thdn, ddng thdi G V cd t h i ddnh gld sdt hon ndng lye vd k i t qud rdn luyin cOa HS quo bdl NLXH Tuy nhldn, chdt luqng cOa cdc bdl vdn NLXH eOa HS cdn kdm Sd HS vllt tdt bdi NLXH rdt ft Nhllu bdl vllt cOa HS cd y nhung da phdn Id nhihig ^ rdl rqc, thilu Hnh h | thdng vd khdng sdu Cdn ed nhihig hd\ khdng ed f, b n man, hdl hqt Thyc Hqng ndy khdng hodn todn hfong xung vdi hllu bilt vd h/ eOa HS dd tudi THPT, cdc em dd cd vdn hllu bllt nhdt djnh, cd tdp hudng h; hrdng, thdm chf cdn mudn t h i hl$n mql vide theo cdch rldng cOa minh Vi vdy, nguydn ThS N G U Y E N THI THU T H U V nhdn chfnh Id khodng cdch glQa vdn nghj lu{ln vd eudc sdng edn khd xa Theo D5 Kim N i l «nguydn nhdn boo h-Om nhdt, nguydn nhdn cOa mql nguydn nhdn dd hqn c h l o i n kit qud eOo tdp Idm vfin h> sy xa cdch glOa phdn mdn iy vdi ngudn cdl eudc ddl ngudi ta vfin chua thye sy cot ddl sdng chfnh Id edi gdc r l nhdt sd sinh mql thO eho vdn nghj ludn: bdn chdt, i i k sdng, sOc mqnh, sy khdn ngoon*(1;71) Mdt sd d l vdn NLXH khd hllu, xa k? vdl tdm h/, nguv^ vqng vd eudc sdng cOo HS Idm ede em thdy khd khdn vd chdn ndn Hoqt ddng luy|n vllt md nhqt, khdng cd chllu sdu Cdc 10^ Idm vdn b| col nhif, nhung Iqi col h-qng ydu cdu vllt dOng y ddp dn Vi t h i , nhOng thdi auen chip tdl ll$u, v l « theo ddn y sfin, vtit cdu thd d l ddl da hinh thdnh d HS vd gdy nhihig dnh hudng Hdu eye ddl vdl HS Nhllu HS cdm thdy ty ti, khdng tq Hn vdo ^ vfin, Idi vdn eOo minh, liidi suy nghT, khdng thfeh luyin vllt vd khdng cd KN vllt vdn NDCH Dllu ndy dd di nguqc vdi myc Hdu DH Ldm vdn vd ydu edu cOa DH hl$n dql ngdy VI v$y, cdn Hip h^c ddl mdl ndl dung, PPDH vdn NLXH d THPT d l nd thyc sy phdt huy duqc hi|u qud hong nhl$m vy phdt trlln ndng lye d i o H5, ddp ung nhu cdu xd hdl M d t s6 gldl phdp ndng coo chdt luqng DH vdn NLXH d THPT 1) Khat d^y d HS nhu cSu glao hip, nhu cdu viit nhifng dliu bdn mdn Htdy hOng Hid, Idm ddc di atla si vdl mql ngudi GVcdthi khuy^ khich HS ohdt hl$n di tdl luyin vlit tO chfnh nhOng vdn d l h'ong ddl sdng cOa ede em, hidn thyc xd hdl qucvih cdc em Ldu noy, cdc thdy cd quen dn d{nh cdc d l bdl NLXH HS thudng cOng duqc luy|n vllt mdt d l vdn c6 sfin Dllu ndy hiy cd nhimg m^t thudn \q\ nhung kli gdy ro nhllu khd khdn cho HS Khd khdn d chfi, cdc em phdl vtd v l mdt vdn d l md bdn thdn chuo quan tdm, suy nghT ndn kiln thOc chua chdc * i l M f B9i Ifc »rpli«a - H l U i Niqrto Tap chifiliiollipc so (la a - 4/aoia) chdn, quan dilm v l vdn d l dd mo hd hode khdng cdm, cdch nghT rldng cOa HS Mdt bdl vdn hoy Id ed ^ kiln gi, khdng ed nhu cdu, khdng cd hOng hoy d y vd Idi Khi dd ed ^ dOng, sdu sde, mdl tho vllt v l vdn d l dd Kit qud luy$n vllt sS Id suy md, ed eo sd dqo If vd khoa hqe vOng chdc, vdl nghT vdl vd, Idp f chdng chdnh, hdnh vfin hdl mdt edm xOc tq nhldn, Hnh cdm Hong sdng thi tq hqt, thilu mqeh Iqe, vd kdo theo dd Id cdu h> lOngnd sd sinh Idl Khi HS cd KN Idp % cd thdi auen cung, tdl nghTo cdl thl$n tinh hinh, ede em dd vllt bdng y cOa minh, bdng cdch cdu tv, Idp ludn vllt dyo dSm Hieo y eOo ngudi khdc, chdp vfin cOa minh Htl cdc em mdi duqc rdn luy$n vd phdt Idi li$u VI thi, HS mdt ddn sy h/ Hn vdo h; Hiln cdc ndng lye cOo bdn thdn Dllu dd thi hl|n duy, nhdn thOc vd khd nfing ngdn ngO, mdt ddn rd nhdt hong hoqt ddng luydn vllt vdn NLXH sOe sdng tqo cuo bdn thdn minh VI vdy, hoqt Ldp ^ dd khd Idp ^ cho bdl vdn NLXH edn khd ddng luy^n vllt phdl duqc bdt ddu h> nhu cdu, hem D l hbl cOa NLXH cd phqm vl rdng, HS chuo hOng tho cOa ngudi vllt v l nhOng vdn d l md ngudi duqe h-ang bj hudc Di Idp ^ cho bdl vdn NLXH, vllt quon tdm Khi HS hinh thdnh duqc KN, kr HS phdl cd vdn hllu bllt sdu rdng, chdc chdn xdo, GV ed thi ydu cdu cdc em vllt nhOng d l nhihig vdn d l v l tu tudng, dqo If vd ddl sdng xfi hdl, cd Idp hudng, tv h/dng dOng ddn, dqo dOc bdl chung cd Hnh chdt ndng coo vd Hnh cdm Hong sdng Chuong h-inh vd SGK Ti chuc cho HS hoa dil, chia si bdl vl^ cOa NgO vfin dd chO trqng din KN ndy d HS Tuy minh vdl bqn Hoqt ddng ndy, s3 ed nhihig tdc nhldn Hong thyc t l DH hl|n noy, HS cdn nhllu ddng Hch eye tdi cdc em N ^ ddl hjqng gioo lOng Mng Hong vl$c hiln khoi y eho mdt bdl vdn Hip Id GV thi cdc em sd thdy thilu tq Hn, khdng NIXH Ndl dung If thuylt vd h$ thdng bdl tdp Idp ddm bdy td hit suy nghl cOo minh vd vllt cOng ^ cho bdl vdn NLXH hong SGK chuo thdt cy thi khd khdn hon Nhung nlu ddi hjqng gioo Hip Id vd phong phu VI vdy, GV edn: cdc bqn, chdc chdn cdm gldc h/ Hn s8 thOe ddy cdc em chO ddng vlltvd hOng thu vllt hon Nhu - Cy hi hon nifa cdc thoo hie hong quy trinh Id vllt eho ngudi dd bilt vd v i ^ cho ngudi chua Idp cho bdl vdn NlXHdi HS d l vdn dyng LQp bllt vdy Dllu ndy ddng nghTo vdl v i ^ , HS sS ed y Id Hm tdl, thilt Idp n>dt h$ thdng ^ cdn thilt thi gdng, nfi lye qud trinh Idm sdng ro vdn d l hidn nhihig ndl dung co bdn Hong l}di vfin VI d l thuylt phyc bqn - bqn dqc gdn gOi md minh vqy, Idp y boo gdm hal budc: Hm f (xdc djnh y dd hi&) it nhllu v l tdm If, Hnh cdm HS vuo duqc tdng qudt, phdt Hiln y tdng qudt thdnh h$ thdng thudng thih: sdn phdm sdng tqo cOo nhou, hqc cy m l (y Idn, jf nhd) vd sdp xIp jr (theo hdt tq tdp Ifin nhou, vOo ed thi h-onh ludn sdl ndl v l tu k>gle cOo ddl tuqng nghl ludn vd theo bgic eOa hjdng vd cdch hinh bdy h-ong bdi vllt eOo minh, sy trinh bdy - Idp ludn cOa ngudi vllt) y tdng cuo bqn TdchOc tdt hoqt ddng ndy, vdn NLXH si qudt cdn duqc hllu Id f bao trOm, ^ Hqng tdm thyc sy phdt huy duqc vol trd cOo minh ddl vdl ndm ludn d l cuo bdl vdn Hd thdng y Idn, f vide rdn luydn cdc nfing lye thyc t l cho HS THPT nhd cdn duqc hilu Id h$ thdng yr chfnh, ^ phy 2) Quan Idm rin luy^n KN l0p y cho HS bdl vdn Trong dd vide xdc djnh ;^ tdng THPT Trong cdc KN Idm vdn KN Idp ^ Id KN cd qudt cho L>dl vfin Id rdt quon trqng Tdt ed cdc ^ Hong bdl sd duqc phdt trlln h> f tdng qudt vd h'nh quydt ^nh ddi vdl chdt luqng DH Idm vdn Idm sdng rd vdn d l md ^ tdng qudt ndu ro Cdc ndi chung vd DH vdn NLXH ndi rldng Cd thi ndl phuong phdp phdt trlln y nhu phuong phdp ^nh KN Idp ^ Id KN phOc h?p nhdt U thuylt v l Idp nghTo, phuong phdp phdn Hen vd phuong phdp h-ong cdc gido hrinh, tdl l l ^ DH din noy vdn cdn lldn tudng sd glOp HS d l ddng h-iln khol duqc h$ nhllu dilm chuo thdt thdng sudt Quy hinh thoo i h ^ cdn thilt Hong bdl vdn hk Idp -jr chuo duqc rd rdng Cdc phuong '• Tdch&c cho HS hroo dil chia si ddn f cOa phdp Idp y cdn rdt mo hd VI vdy, vl§e DH vi Idp y eho HS phd thdng chuo dqt hl$u qud Di vllt minh vdl bqn bi Quo qud trinh thdo ludn ede mdt bdl vdn, trudc hit HS phdi bllt Idp f Ty tim em ed dllu kl$n h-onh ludn phdn bt$n ddn -jr cOo tdi, thl^ Idp duqc mdt h$ thdng f, h-lln khol dOng bqn, Idp ludn thuylt phyc odn y cOa minh, dllu h-qng tdm cOa vdn d l , logic, chdt chd, sdu sde, ehlnh bo sung cdc y cdn thilt vdo ddn y Quan Ihdu ddo thi HS mdi ed thO vllt, h/ Hn vllt, trqng hem Id, HS cd dilu kidn khol sdu ndl vllt theo mqeh suy nghT vd cdm xOe ddi ddo cOa dung, khol Hidng mqeh Idp ludn eho bdl vllt ehinh minh Vd bdl vdn sd Hil hl^n duqe edeh cOo minh Khi dd quen, cdc em sd phdt huy Tap chi filao i ) (ki a - 4/aoin duqe Hnh thdn cOa tudi trd, tfch eye, sdl ndl, sdng tqo vd thO hoqt ddng thdo ludn Chd't luqng eOa hoqt ddng edn phy thudc vdo phuong phdp iu phqm cOo ngudi G V kidn tri, khdo Ido vd sdng tqo - D l khuyin khfch HS tq Idp 9, cd kl ndng Idp y, sdng tqo Idp f^ GV p/jd/ dil mdl cdch di, dil mdl cdcn if^e luyin tip, klim tra, ddnh gld vd sO dyng tfch eye mdt hd thdng bdl tdp rdn luy|n kf nfing tuong Ong Td chOc rdn luyin qua h | thdng Lidl tdp gdn vdl thoo tdc, kr ndng Thyc hi|n nhilu bdi tdp vdl nhllu dqng d l N I X H khdc nhau, vdl cdc ydu cdu v l ihdl glon, muc dd tq ddng hda cua thoo tde vd chdt luqng thoo tde, HS mdl htnh thdnh \(( ndng vd thdnh thqo kr ndng Idp ^ cho bdl vfin NLXH G V ed t h i sO dyng hl|u qud cdc tdl ll|u tham khdo v l vdn nghl ludn xd hdl bdng edeh glao bdl H^p ydu edu HS phdn tfch, ddnh gld, phdn bl|n Iql cdc bdl vdn, cdc ddn V cd sdn hong Idi l l | u Td chOc cho cdc em tq ddnh gid bdi cuo minh vd ddnh gid bdl cuo bqn Khuyin khfch ede em duo ro cdch nghTcOa rldng minh G V ddnh gld kit qud Idm vi^c cOo HS, phdn Hch, gidng gldl, bd sung Quo dd, HS vOo duqc trqc Hip quan sdt thyc t l sinh ddng cOa cdch bdy td quon d i l m , cdch Idp y, Idp ludn, hdnh vfin ede l>dl vdn nghj ludn xd hdl vOa duqc phdn IFch, phdn bidn, ddnh gld bdl vllt D l l u dd Idm cdc em thdy h/ Hn vd thfeh thO Kit qud, HS vita hqe duqc kr ndng vllt, vuo duqe rdn luydn tu duy, vuo thdm thO, sdng h?o HS Thdnh thqo kr ndng Idp ^ ihl ddng thdi cdc kr ndng d l l n dqt, hdnh vfin cOng sS ouqc ndng Idn vd chd't luqng bdi vdn cOo cdc em cOng sd tdt hon IX> d d , hoqt ddng luy|n tdp thye hdnh kr ndng Idp ^ H'ong chuong H n h phdi duqe phdn phdl mdt \vqng thdi gian phO hqp hon, k l l m Ho, ddnh gid kr ndng ndy thudng xuydn hon 3) Xdy dqng yiu cdu vd ibang ddnh gld bdl vdn cho hoqt ding luy^n vlit Ddl vdi Khig kllu bdl, G V edn cy t h i hda cdc ydu cdu, thong ddnh gld cOa bdl vllt v l ndl dung vd hinh thOc, di HS ddi chilu vd thyc hl|n hong qud trinh l u y ^ v l TO ydu cdu dd, GV duo cdc Hdu chf ddnh gid nhu mOc dd i h l hi$n ndl dung hqng tdm eOa bdi vllt, l$p y sdu sdc, rd rdng hav h-qng tdm khdng rd rdng, cdn ed y xa d l , Iqe d l Kit cdu ^ hodn chfnh, h-lnh tq ndl dung rd rdng hay khdng hodn chinh, rdl rqc, Idn xdn Ngdn ngCt ehlnh xdc, luu lodt, Ilin mqeh heiv khdng chfnh xdc, khdng Ilin mqeh Trinh bdy xhoa hqc, sqeh d^p, dOng chfnh Id hoy chO xdu, H-Inh bdy sol quy edeh Thong ddnh gld cy t h i , chl Hit ihl G V sd thudn Iql ddnh gid vd HS ed edn cu ey t h i d l luyin vllt Ldm vdn Id hoqt ddng rdn luv|n vd sdng tqo Tham gla vdo qud h-lnh vllt bdl vfin, HS duqc hou ddl vdn hieu bllt, rdn luy|n ndng lye vd bdl dudng tdm hdn, Hnh cdm, nhdn cdch DH vdn NLXH Hong nhd hudng fM6 thdng cd ^ nghTa vd cOng quan h^ng ddl vdl vide rdn luy$n^ cdc ndng lye thyc t l eho HS ChOng tdl nghldn cOu d l xudt mdt sd gldl phdp ndng cao chdt luqng dqy hqc vdn NLXH d THPT vdl mye dfch gdp phdn chlo sd nhihig khd khdn cOo GV vd HS DH vfin NLXH Thyc hl|n cdc gldl phdp ndy, hoqt ddng l u y ^ vllt NLXH s8 duqc cdl lhl$n vd kr ndng viit vdn ngh| ludn xd hdl cOa HS sd duqc ndng Idn • (1) Dl Kim Hli."VaiyDghiv^ vfin nghi lu|nvat|ip ihm vSn ngtij lu^n" Hudng din thyc hlfn chuong trbh SGK ngi^ Vfin 12 NXB Gido dqc, H 2006 Tdi li$u thani khdo l.DinhCao-LlA.Litaivdn,tSp l.NXBGi&4rK 1989 Ti^ Thanh Dfm U m vdn l a NXB Gufcd^ H 1990 Nguyin Via Tiing - Thdn Phuong Thu (tuyin cbpn 2009,2011) Tuyni t|p dl bdl vd bdi vdn ngh{ l u ^ xa h^i, t$p 1.2 NXB Cidodvc ViftNam H 2011 D NgQC Thing - Ph^m Minb Di$u - NguySn Thanh Thi Ldm v i a NXB Dqi hqc suphqm, Hd NQi 2007 Chuong - Ttii Pbmmg phdp ngli| l u ^ (sach d)ch) Til sdch Thanh Nghf Tinh, Thanh Ngh$, 1954 McDougal Littell The language of Literature California Edition grade V7, VlII McDougal Littell The language of Literature, CaHfomia Teacher's Edition Grade VI VIU Kil^fi «S:ti:«Elkll r s a i J K t i : >t)B.2006 10 Joy M.Reid The Process of Composition, by Prentice - Hall • New York 19S2 SUMMARY ArgLffnentesscrysarefamUarandpractkxilnleainers' life In terms of both topics c^Ki expresslr)g methods Tt\erefore teaching sW/ils to vfftte an argument essays requires: insfi^ring the communication needs, sharing and brc^rwtormlng building the assessment criteria tor their writing Provided that students ha