MOT SO YEU CAU NHAM NANG GAU GHAT LIfliNG UAY HUG LAM VAN NGHI LUAN HA HUI fi TRIffiNG TRUNG HUG PHU THONG VO NGOC DQC Abstract In the context of teaching innouation for Language Arts and Literature a[.]
MOT SO YEU CAU NHAM NANG GAU GHAT LIfliNG UAY HUG LAM VAN NGHI LUAN HA HUIfiTRIffiNG TRUNG HUG PHU THONG VO NGOC DQC Abstract: In the context of teaching innouation for Language Arts and Literature according^ approach of competency as today, teachers should haue innouatiue thinking in teaching the luriSg texts in general and the social debate in particular Therefore, this article discusses some basic orientation to innovate the teaching methods of Ihe social debate lo enhance the quality of teaching the social debate at high schools Based on this orientation, teachers should be proactive, flexible lo choose the appropriate level for each lesson and student Keywords: Language Arts, Literature T rong so cac kieu van ban ma hpc sinh (HS) dupc hpc phan mon Lamyancisa chuong trinh Ngd van a \mng hpc thong (THPT), van ngh j luan covjtriquan tipng dac biettrong viee phat trien tuduy, kha nang ti/nhan djnh danh gia, trinh bay^ van de mptcach thuyetphuc Nghj luan dtn/dng thong thudng co hai dang: nghi luan van hgeva nghi luan xahgi (NLXH) Neu nghj iuan van hpc giup HS ren luyen tuduy nghj luan vet^c p h ^ hay nhan djnh van hpe thi NI.XH giup cac em phat trien tu ve nhung van de, hien tupng xa ha, hoae mpt tu tudng dao limangy nghia xahoi Day la mpt "kenh" ratquan trpng viec giao due nhan each cho HS Bai viet de cap mptsd'yeu cau day hpe NI.XH nhSm nang eao chat Iupng day hpc theo tinh than doi mdi Day hpc NLXH theo hudng tich hpp Chuongtrinh Ngavan THPT da khing "djnh/ay quan diem tich hep lam nguyen tac chu dao tochtk ngidung chuong trinh, bien soan SGK vi It/a chgn phuang phap giang day Vdi dac trung cua minh, lam van NLXH cho phep viec thuc hien tich hpp nhu mpt nhu cau tu than Bdi le, van de xa hpi la pham tnj phi/c tap, ton tai vdi nhieu moi quan he, nhieu phuong dieri ddi song Viec thuc hanh nghj luan ve eac van de xa hpi ddi hoi phai huy dpng mpt each tong luc nhieu kie'n thdc d nhieu linh vue, dac bietia cac kie'n thOfc khoa hpc xa hpi nhu: lich su, dja li, chinh trj, dao ddc, van hda, ton giao, Cac kien thdc can phai mang tinh cap nhat va gan chatvdi thuc tiln ddi song Mat khae, viee tao lap eae van ban lam van phai su diing ngon ngd lam eong ey, doi hoi dHS nhung kien thi/c va kinang ve thuc hanh van ban tieng Viet ma phan mdn Tieng Viet 381 Tap chi Gido due so 379 dap ung Ben canh dd, de tutudng ban luan duct sau s^c, thau tinh, HS can co nhifrig chiem nghiem ve cac van de xa hpi dat tac pham van t i ^ ma phan mon Dpc van dap ung Do vay, lam van NLXH huy dpng mpt each tmg luc ca kie'n thuc - kTnang lien mon va npi mdn Tich hgp day hpc lam van NLXH vua lasi/phahgpcac kien thuc, kTnang cua phan mdn Tieng VietvaBgc van; vua lasutich hpp lien nganh detao ram^'^hong' van hda cho HS HS can van dung tong fiffl) tatca nhung kie'n thLC npi mon va lien mdn eung vdivonscnl von kinh nghiem eua ban than delam van NLXH Day hpc lam van NLXH theo hudng tich help la viec to chLfc noi dung day hpc cua giao vien (GV)sao cho HS cdthe huy dpng npi dung, kien thdc, kinang npi mdn va lien mon nham gialquyetdupccacvaiide xa hpi dat hoat dpng hpe tap va thyc th thong qua lai hinh kie'n thdc, kTnang moi,ti) ddphat trien dupc nhung nang lyc can thiet cho HS De day hpc lam van NLXH la theo hudng tich ho^ GV can hudng d i n HS huy dpng kie'n ttiiic 6eM sang td van de xa hpi dat theo nhung cau hoi goi mdft/duy tich hop Vi du nhu: - Degiai quyet diM van de nay, em can huy dpng nhung kien tfidcnao?Em se siidung tulieu dan chung thupc ffnh vyc nao? - Hay xac djnh pham vi dan chdng ctio van de; - Hay huy dong kien thdc thupc finh vyc A/B/C deminfi hga chovandexa hpi dang xet? GV cung cothe tich hpp lam van NLXH day tieng Viet hay dpc van blng each tao cac cau tioico van de Vi du: - Tdnhdng yeu eau ve sudyng Heng * Truvns Tning hgc plio thong Tran Quoc Ti -Thj banflakUf huyen Dak Ha, tinti KonTum (kil-4/201& i/iet, suy nghTve thuc trang sudung tieng Viet cua gidi [re hien {bai NhOng yeu cau ve sudung iBhg Viet, Nguvan10,tap2);-Hayvietmptdoanvanbanvey thdc bao ve moi tardng cua ngudi dan dia phuong Trong co su dung kieu eau co khdi ngd hoac cd trang ngdchitinh liuo'ng (bai Thuc hinh sudung mgt sokieu ciu van ban.HqQvanU,iap ^);-T\J quan diem song bai tho" Vgivan^' (Xuan Dieu), nghTve li tudng sd'ng cua nien thdi dai (bai l/p/Vangr.Nguvan 11, tap 2} Day hoc NLXH theo h u d n g tich cue hoa hoat dpng cua HS Trong quafrinh day hpc lam van NLXH, dephat huy tinh tich cue hoat dpng nhan thdc cua HS thiquatrinh day hpephaidien bien cho: - HS dupe dat d vj tri chu the, ty giac, tich cue, sang tao frong hoatdpng nhan thdc cac van de xa hpi cua ban than G V can tao dieu kien cho eac em dupc neu quandiem, chinh kie'n ve van dexa hpi tardc tap the Y kien ay se dupe ban luan, dong tinh, bo sung hay phan bien bdi ehinh tap theldp hpc, sau mdi la vai trd djnh hudng cua G V De lam dupc dieu nay, van de hdng thu co y nghTa va tam quan trpng dae biet Moi trudng giao t i ^ supham dan chu, than thien, khong djnh kien sequyetdjnhviectao vaduy tri thu Ben canh dd, de phat huy tinh ty giac, tich cyc, sang tao cua HS, G V can tao dupc ntiu cau giao tiep d cac em Bdi vay, cai khd cua ngudi G V day hpc lam van NLXH la d cho phai tao dupe nhdng tinh huong giao tie'p ve van de xahoi cho hap dan, 161 euon,taodupcnhu eau giao tie'p dephathuy tinh tieh cue va chu dpng cua HS i D a y h o c N L X H gan vdi t h u c te'ddi s o n g , de NLXH t r d t h a n h nhu cau t u t h a n cua HS Trong van NLXH, van de xa hpi la san pham cua tu thuc tien, la qua frinh khai quat hda nhieu sy viec hien tupng ddi song xa hpi nhdng quy luat nhan thde, nhung nhari djnh, chan li, nhdng trudng hpp dien hinh lam chude, detai cho hoatdpng nhan ttidccuachuthengudiviet Chinh thucte xahoi la nguon goc, dpng lye va muc tieu cua hoat dpng lam van NLXH.Vivay.khon^thedayhpc NLXH khicac hoatdpng hinh kien thdc-kTnang;thai dp cho HSthoaththycte Muc tieu cua nguyen tac la lam cho NLXH trdthanh nhu cau tu thudng xuyen, - Qua trinh day hpc phai dya tren sy nghien ctru can thietva tugiac cua HS, tue la NLXH can trdthanh nhimg quan niem, kien thdc xa hpi s^n cd cua ngudi nhu eau tuduy tythan eua HS hpe tap va lao dpc; khai thac nhdng thuan Ipi, dong thdi nghien cuu dong suot ddi Day hpc NLXH g§n vdi thye te ddi kTnhihig chudng ngai ve tu tudnq, ve tam ddn nhan song, vi these la CO sdtarc tiep dS hinh thanti vaphat cac van de xa hdi cua ngudi hpe de cd phuong hudng trial nang luc nhan thdc vadanh gia thucte xahoi eho day hpc phu hpp Theo dd, GV can lua chon van de cac em Nang luc giup bai lam van cua cac em cd xa hpi tronp day hpc lam van N LXH eho phu hpp nhifng luan cdsau sac va thuyet phuc^ ed nhdng tu vdi chutfiengui^ hpc, khong vuptquatam nhan thiJc tudng, nhdng doi thoai giau gia tri thuc tien Tddd, cac eua tam lilda tuoi, khong quaxa la so vert "phdng" kien em se tutin va chu dpng tiiam gia vao ddi song xa hoi thue s i n cd cua HS THPT vdl tu each la mot ngudi eong dan, mpt ngutM lao - Myc dich eua day hpc NLXH khdng chiduffig lai dpng chan chinh Vephuong hudng day hoc,day hpcNLXH gan vdi dvieccungcaptrithdc, kTnang, kTxao lam van ma eon phai day cho HS each hpc, each tu hpe, ty thyc teddi song can dupc hieu la nguyen tSc bao trum vaxuyensuottatcacac khau cua quatrinh day hpc: day hoat dpng nhan thde n h l m dap dnp cac nhu cau cua ban than va xa hpi Bdi vay, de phat huy tinh hpc li ttiuyet, ren luyen thue hanh, de kiem tra danh gia, cham vattabsa.C\i^i:-Tiongviect6chtk;dayhgc tich cue, chu dpng ciia HS day hpc lam van lam van NLXH: + Td cac luan diem nghj luan lien he NLXH, GV ed nhung dinh hudng giup HS tuhpc, den cac van de, hien tucmg, nhan vat xa hpi cd lien tutrai nghiem thye t e x a hpi nham phat trien eac quan; + Tdnhieu van de, hien tupng xa hpi, khai quat nang lyc cua ban than luan diem nghi luan phan anh dupc quy luathinh thanh,t6ntaivaphattrien cuacac hientupng.yandexa hoi ay; - Tmng viec kiem tra va danh gii.-Qe van can g i n lien vdi thuc te xa hpi, mang tinh thof sy sau s§e; -Quan trietthaidpton trpng thyc tiln nhumptphupng phap lam bai.Dd la yeu cau viet khach quan,tiung thye vadanh giathyctemptcachdijngdan.Day eung Iampt tieu chuandeGV danh gia bai viet, danh gia tutudng, thai dd cua HS (kil-412016) - Tietday can dupc da dang hoa cac phuong phap, hinh thdc tochdc day hpc, ap dung cac kTthuat day hpc tich cue nham phap huy tinh tich cue, chu dpng, sang tao d H S qua trinh day hpc NLXH Ben canh do, can edsudoi mdi each danh gia bai lam van NLXH cua HS mptcach khach quan, te nhj,tdn frpngvakhuyenkhich;franh kieu danh gia bai lam van mptcach thd bao, biquan, huy hoai niem tin va hdng thu hpe tap cua HS Tap chi Gido due so 379 39 Day hoc NLXH theo h u o n g tang cuong tinh thuc hanh Lam van la khau thgc hanh thuc hanh tong hop cac muc dptijflhap dai cao, tif bp phan tataig hop Ket qua hoc tap phan mon la can ciichuyeu (Jetfanh gia nang iuc NgiJvan cua HS nha trucmg Thuc techothay, HS I