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Y kien trao 36\ Si 7(85) nim 2016''''» NHUMG DfMH HlTdNG GIUP HQC SIP«I TRUNG HQC PHO THONG REN LUYEN KI NANG L ^P LUAN TRONG BAI LAM VAN NGffl L U ^ XA HQI NGUYEN QUANG HUNG" TQMTAT Trong dgy hoc Ldm vd[.]
Y kien trao 36\ Si 7(85) nim 2016'» NHUMG DfMH HlTdNG GIUP HQC SIP«I TRUNG HQC PHO THONG REN LUYEN KI NANG L.^P LUAN TRONG BAI LAM VAN NGffl L U ^ XA HQI NGUYEN QUANG HUNG" TQMTAT Trong dgy hoc Ldm vdn d trudng trung hoc phd thdng (THPT), van nghi lu$n xa hgi (NLXH) ed vai trd khd quan h-ong viec gdn gido dgc d nhd trudng vcri xa hgi, Sng thai ddnh thirc d ngudi hoc thdi quan Idm Idi cdc vdn di cua hi$n thuc cudc sdng Van NLXH h-ang bi, ren luyen cho ngudi hoc ndng lue bdy td quan diim, thdi cOng nhii lu phan bien xa hoi Trong lam vdn NLXH, lap lugn Id la ndng thiit yeu, nd chinh la yiu Id quan tgo nen kit cdu vd sire thuyet phuc cho bdi vdn Tu khda: Dgc trung, van nghj lugn xa hdi, lap luin ABSTRACT The suggestions for training reasoning skills in social discourse essays for upper secondary students In literary teaching at schools, the social discourse plays an important role in aligning school education with society It also arouses learners the caring altitude to the real life Thanks lo this kind of literature, students have been equiped and trained with their ability of expressing their points of view, attitudes as well as social critical thinking In social discourse essays, reasoning, an important factor lo create texture and persuasion for essays, is an essential skill Keywords: features, social discourse, reasoning Khai nifm, die trung ca ban cua van nghi lu|n xa h§i 1.1 ii:fta7 ni^m van nghi luan xa hoi Theo Tir diin td vd ngir Hdn Viet, "nghi lugn" li dimg li luin dS phin tich y nghia phii trai, bin bgc, md rpng vin di; xa hdi la tip thS ngudi cimg chung sdng, gin bd vdi ttong quan he san xuit vi eac quan he khae (quan he giiia ngudi vdi ngudi vi cic mgt chinh ttj, kinh ti, xa hpi) [1] Theo each hiiu tten, "NLXH la thi vin hudng tdi phin tich, bin bgc, dinh gii cac vin dS liSn quan din ngudi, din xa hdi, din cic mdi quan he cua eon ngudi ttong ddi sing xa hdi Muc dich hudng din ban luin cua van NLXH la tjo nhtmg tie dpng tich cue din ngudi vi nhOnfe mdi quan he giila ngudi vdi eon ngudi ttong x i hdi" [2, tt.5] 1.2 Cdc dgc trimg ctf bdn cua vdn nghi lugn xd hdi (i) Ddi tupng phan inh vi pham vi phin inh cua van NLXH ttong trudng phi thdng hit sue phong phii, da dang, bao gdm tit ci nhitag vin di vS tuttidng, dgo Ii, loi song, quan diSm, eac mii qum he giila eon ngudi vdi ngudi, mii • ThS, Trudng THPT NguySn Ciii Thanh, Gia Lai; Emai(; hung.nguyenquang9S@yahoo.com 166 TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM quan hp giOa ngudi vdi xi hdi Cd nhiing van di dupc dgt ttong van NLXH mang tim khii quit rdng Idn nhu li tudng, muc dich sing, vin dS vS nhin sinh quan, tiiS gidi quan, nhung ciing cd nhitag vin de dupe dgt rat gan giii, eu the, thiet thyc vdi ngudi ttong cuoe sing nhu quan nipm vi tinh yeu, tinh bgn, viec hpc tgp, chpn nghi NSu dii tupng nghj lugn ciia vin nghj luin van hpe (NLVH) ehii ySu la cic van di vi van hpc ttong phgm vi nhi truimg, thi dii tupng nghj luin cua van NLXH Igi hudng' ngudi hpc dSn phgm vi, den cac vin di cua hien thyc ddi sdng xa hdi NSu hpc van NLVH ttong nhi trudng, ngudi hpe dupe tiep can vdi cuoe sdng qua ling kinh sing tgo eua nha van, thi hpc van NLXH ngudi hpc dupc tryc tiep ttii nghi?m cudc dcii qua ling kinh eua ehinh minh (ii) D^c tnmg ndi bit ttong van NLXH la tinh "thdi sy" Hiu nhu tit ci cic vin di ndi com, ndng bdng, bio ddng dang dien x i hdi, dupc du luin quan tam dSu cd thS ttd thinh ddi tupng nhin dien, phin inh, bin luan kjp thdi cua van NLXH Nhd tinh "tiidi sy", van NLXH cd ning phin inh chinh xic, trung thyc cic hien tuong, van dS xiy ttong xa hdi; tir dd dinh thuc d ngudi hpc thai dp quan tim din ddi sing xi hpi; dinh thiic, ttang bj tu nhgy ben vdi cudc sing Die trung niy di tgo cho di van NLXH sy hip din, mdi me, kich thich su hiing thd cua ngudi viit nhgn dien, ban lugn (iii) Xuit phat tir ddi tupng nghj luin, vin NLXH ed nhttng dgc ttwig rieng, ddi NguySn Quang Hiing hdi rieng, yeu ciu riSng cich thiic nghj luan va phuang thirc biiu dgt Khi lam vin NLXH, ngudi viit phii cd cai nhin bao quit, bam sit hien thue ddi sdng dS khdng bj ddng, lung tung trudc vin dS xi hpi cin ban luin; ddng thdi ngudi viSt ciing phii cd vdn sdng va su ttii nghiSm cudc sdng de ed cich nhin nhan, li giii, dinh gii vin di xa hpi mpt cich thiu dao, da chiSu, khach quan, dimg mue BSn cgnh do, lam van NLXH, ngudi viit phii biSt chu ddng bay td tu tudng, y kiSn, quan diSm danh gii ciia ban thin trudc mdt vin di, mdt Men tupng xi hdi dang diSn ttpng ddi sing thim chi trude mdt quan niem, mdt thii dp ciia ngudi khic, cua xa hdi Bai van NLXH thuyit phuc ngudi dpc, trudc hit d quan diSm lap luan ciia ngudi viet trudc van de xa hdi can ban luin: la khing djnh hay phu djnh, ddng tinh hay phin ddi mdt each ro rang tren lip trutmg tu tudng cu ths Ngoai ra, ngudi viSt van NLXH ciing can ths hien gdc dp lip luin cu the ciia bin than qua trinh bin luin vin di xa hdi (iv) Cimg vdi van nghi luin vin hpe, myc dich nghj luin hudng din eua van NLXH la tao nhitag tie dpng tieh eye den nhin thiic, den tu tudng ngudi vi mdi quan he giGa mpi ngudi xa hpi ma sy thay ddi nhgn thirc, tu tudng trudc tiSn li d ngudi viSt Trudc mdt vin dS, mdt hien tupng xa hdi cin bin luin, ngudi lim vin NLXH khdng chi dua y kiSn, quan diSm eiia ban thin de li giii mi cdn biSt dS xuat nhtmg hanh dpng, giii phip cy the, thiSt thyc dS thay ddi vi cii tgo vin dS, dd, dgc tnmg ndi bat 167 Y kien trao 66\ ciia van N1.XH la tinh "iing dung" thuc tiln, tinh "hanh dpng" n h ^ thurc va tu tuang cua nguai viet (v) Van NLXH trucmg thong khong co mot khuon mhi hay cdch thurc lam bai sin vi ban than dl van NLXH rit da d^g, phong phu, vi thl no kich thich su kham pha, tim toi, sang tao ciing nang luc nhan thurc, tu linh hoat sang tao a ca nguoi day va nguai hpc ' Binh hirdng r^n luyen ki nang lap lu|n cho hoc sinh THPT bai lam van NLXH Xu4t phat tir dac trung rieng vl npi dung nghi luan, muc dich nghi luan, yeu chu nghi luan, chung ta co thl thiy bai lam van NLXH, lap luan la kT nang rSt quan trpng Lap luan la qua trinh nguai viet biet xac \^p, to chiic cac phuang tien, cac yeu to ISp luan nhu luan diem, luan cii, luan chiing dong thai van dung cac thao tac lap luan de din dat, Ii giai, khang dinh van de Bai van NLXH thuydt phuc nguoi dpc khdng chi a he thong luan diem sang ro trien khai xoay quanh luan de trung tam ma li le, dSn chumg sac ben co thii tu lop lang loi cuon Nang lire cua nguai viet van duac the hi?n rat cu the qua each lap luan Ren kl nSng l$p l u ^ la yeu cau, dong thai la muc dich huong din cua qua trinh day hpc iam van NLXH truang ph6 thdng Khi tiln hanh l|p luan, nguai vilt cin dua vao su that va cac li Ig ddng tin cay dl neu len y kiln, quan dilm cua minh trudc van de xa h^i dang ban luan: tan ddng hay phan d6i dilu gi? Diem nao? Theo quan dilm cua chung toi, bai 168 Sd 7(85) nam 2016^ lam van NLXH quy dinh rit chat che cac budc, m6i budc l^i tuong iing vai vigc khai triln mot li4n dilm, luan diem chinh la su v£ln dung khai trien cua thao tac l|p luan Vi thl, lam van NLXH, nguoi vilt cin bilt v§n dung, ph6i hpp linh hoat cac thao tac lap luan 2.L Van d^ng linh hog.t cdc thao tdc l^p lu^n Trong bai ^ vSn NLXH, bSn canh viec xac lap cac yeu td lap luan nhu luan diem, luan cii, l u ^ chiing, de tien hanh l$p luan, ngudi viet phai sii diing cac thao tac l^p luan Thao tac chinh la each thiic de tien hanh, dS trien khai mdt cdng viec, mOt hoat dgng Trong lam van NLXH, cac thao tac lap luan thudng duac sii dung nhu: giai thich, chung minh, binh luan, phan tich, bac bd Mdi thao tac cd dac trung, each thiic tien hanh, vai trd va tac dung rieng Do do, lam van, ngudi viet can biet xac dinh miic dp, tinh chat, yeu cau khac nhau, ddng thdi biet sur dung kit hop, linh hoat cac thao tac lap luan Trong thuc te, bM vSn NLXH doi hdi kha chat che yeu cau ve dp dai van ban {sd lupng chii), v8 tinh logic, khiic chiet, mach lac, vi the, tiln hanh lap luan, ngudi vilt cin xac dinh vi tri, thii tu, miic dp cac thao tac lap luan nhu: thao tac l§.p luan trudc, sau; thao tac chinh, phu; thao tac nao can ngan gpn, thao tac nao can phdi hpp vdi din chiing Khi sii dung cac thao tac lap luan, ngudi lam van NLXH cin Iuu y: Nim viing va bam sat md hinh dang bai van NLXH dl tiln hanh khai triln bai vilt - dilu sg tranh cho ngudi vilt thilu budc, thilu y TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Trong bai lam van NLXH, ngudi vilt nen theo.thii tu vi tri cac thao tac lap Nguyen Quang HUng luan, ddng thdi nen theo md hinh thao tac l^p ludn bai lam van N L X H sau day: L Gioi tbi^a v ^ dl nghi lu^o (luaa d^) Tiiln khai inSn dl a Giai thicb Lvgn dieml Diln giai, khai qaat vin dl b PhaD tich Lu6n diern^ (Luancii) Bieu hi^n van d§ ThgttrfDgrlnde Loi ich vao de Tdc h9i - B i n qoa v i n dl Ngii>'en nhan van dl Binh luan Luqn diem (Liiln cij} I Bac bo Lugn diem (Lu|n Cli) Khang dinh van de Danh gia r i n de Ban bac, md* rong ran de Bai hoc nhan thirc, hanh dong Phe phan De xuat bien phap, giai phap i_ Khing dinh luan de Luu y: Trong bai lam van NLXH, ngudi viet can llnh hoat sir dung cac thao tac lltp luan, ddng thdi lap luan, ngudi vidt can biet ket hop luan cii (li IS + dan chiing) nhung thao tac lap luan bat budc Md hinh su: dung cac thao tac lap luan chiing tdi dua tren day cd t h l iing dung cho viec giai quyet nhieu dang bai van NLXH (nghi luan ve mdt tu tudng dao li, nghi luan ve mdt hien tupng ddi sdng, nghi luan ve mpt van de xa hpi h-ong tac pham van hpc) De lam ro tinh ling dung thirc hanh ciia md hinh, chiing ta hay xem xet vi du sau: "Biet tir hao ve ban than la cin thilt nhung bilt xau ho quan trpng hon Hay vilt mpt bai van ngin (khoang 600 tir) trinh bay suy nghT cua anh/chj ve y kien tren" {Di thi Tuyen sinh Dgi hoc mdn Ngir van khdi C ndm 2011) Hu&ng ddn ddp dn cua Bg Gido due vd Ddo tgo J Gidi thich y kien (Thao tac gidi thick) - Biet tu hdo vl ban than la thai dp hanh dien ve cai tdt dep ma minh co, ve nhung dong gop cua minh cho cudc song; biet xdu hd la cam thiy ho then v§ sir kem coi va nh&ng I6i lam cua minh trudc ngirdi khac (Diln giai kh^i ni^m) - N5i dung ^ kiln: De cao viec nhan thiic diy du, sau sic vl ban than, hudng din sir hoan thien minh (Khai quat van de nghi lu^n) Ludn bdn vi y kien (Thao tdc binh lucin) - Khing dinh sir cin thiet cua viec biet 169 y kiln trao doi S6 7(85) ndm 2016 tu hao: biet tir khang dinh minh, giiip ban v3n NLXH doi hdi khd cao kha n§ng xii than tir tin hem cuoc sdng va li vin de ciia ngudi vilt, vi pl^tn vi cdng viec, co th6m dpng lire de vuon tdi yeu ciu han hpp ve hinh thiic van ban {^ nhung irdc ma Idn han (Khang djnh van de dai bai van NLXH ^udng yeu cha nghi lu^n) khoang 300 din 600 chti), phgm vi - Phe phan thai dp tir cao, tu dai (tir han h?p vl thdi gian lam bai, ngudi viet danh gia minh qua cao, qua Idn vi the ma trd phai biet khai tridn van de mpt cdch n€n horn hmh) {Thao tdc bde bd) logic, mach lac de li giai va thuydt phuc - Khing dinh sir cin thilt cua viec biet ngudi nghe (ngudi dpc) vl van dl xa hdi xdu ho: giiip ngudi co y thiic dieu chinh duac ban luan Ben canh do, bai ldm van hanh vi cua minh phu hop vdi nhimg chuan NLXH khdng chi yeu cau ngudi vilt bilt muc dao diic; biet xdu ho quan trpng hon each ban luan, mk cdn phai cd nang lire biet tu hdo bdi no la bieu hi?n cua y thiic ban lugn vin de, ddng thdi bai van hoan toan tir giac, xuit phat tii lirang tSm, NLXH cung yeu cau ngudi viSt phai cd giiip ngudi nang cao nang l^c va ho^n nang luc de xuat cac bien phap, giai p h ^ thien nhan each (Khang dinh vkn de ngh| de tac ddng cai tao van de xa hdi Do do, luain) bai lam van NLXH yeu ciu kha cao nang - Phe phan thai dp tir ti, mac cam (tir lire phan bi?n van de cua ngudi viet danh gia thip ban than nen thilu tir tin) {Thao tdc bde bo) Theo chiing tdi, lam van Bdi hQC nhdn thirc vd hanh dgng NLXH, ddng trudc mpt van de ban (Thao tdc binh lugn) luan, ngudi viet can cd tu phan bien - Nhan thiic sau sac ve nhimg diem vin dk, "tu phan bien la mdt qua manh, diSm yeu ciia ban than trinh tu bidn chiing gom phan tich va - Nghiem khic ddi vdi chfnh minh; danh gia mdt thdng tin dS cd theo cac khong ngimg ren luyen, bdi duong dao due each nhin khac cho van de ^ dat nMm nhan each lam sang td va khang dinh lai tinh chinh 2.2 Ki nang phan bien vdn de xac cua van de" (Theo Bach khoa thu md i$p ludn Wikipedia) Tu phan bi^n la nang luc Trong lam van NLXH, su sang t^o, ngudi lam van NLXH biet soi rpi v§n de linh ho^t ciia ngudi vilt dupc thl hien ban iuan tir nhilu khia cgnh, gdc dO khac qua vi|c khai thac, xii li, giai quylt vin nhau, ddng thdi cd kha nang Igt ngupc de nghi luan Diing trudc mdt vin dl xa van de de xem xet, danh gia, tun tdi, hdi, ngudi vilt sg cd each xu li khac kham pha den tgn cung thirc chit vSn de, tiiy vao gdc diing, diem nhin va quan biet phat hien cac mdu thuan cua vin de diem d6 lap l u ^ - dieu tao sir khac de tim each giai quydt mau thuin, t h ^ biet, da dang cho bai van Vi thl, day chi ngudi lam van NLXH phai cd kha Lam van NLXH, dilu khd nhit ddi vdi nang tranh lu|n, suy luEin van dl dl li giai ngudi day la phai danh thiic, khoi day va thuyet phuc ngudi nghe, ngudi dpc duac d ngudi hpc kha nang linh boat, trudc vin dl ban luan sang t^o, da dang each lap luan giai quylt vin dl Thuc tl cho thiy, bai lam 170 TAP CHi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Do dd, trudc mdt vin de xa hdi, ngudi viet khdng chi ban lugn mdt each ddc lap ma cdn bilt xem xet, danh gia tir cac gdc nhin, cac quan dilm khac cua du luan xa hdi De lam tdt cac bai van NLXH, ngudi viet phai bam sat, phai trai minh vdi hidn thuc "bui bam", "bl bdn" dang dien hang xS hdi Day van NLXH phai hinh cho ngudi hpc thdi quen gan ddi tuong nghi l u ^ vdi thuc te cudc sdng Xa rdi hien thuc xa hdi, bai lam van se thidu siic sdng, thilu tinh thdi su (vdn la dac trung va yeu cau cua van NLXH) Ben canh do, van NLXH ciing ddi hdi ngudi vilt ddi didn trudc vin dl xa hdi phai bilt chii ddng, manh dan dd xuat chinh kidn ciia minh de li giai va thuyet phuc ngudi dpc bang nhihig Ii Ie xac dang Vi du: "Diem mdi ki thi Tdt nghidp THPT nam hpc 2013 - 2014 la hpc sinh duac quydn tu chpn hai mdn thi ngoai hai mdn bat bupc la Van, Toan Kdt qua thdng kd tu nhidu trudng THPT trdn ca nudc, mdn Sii cd sd hpc sinh dang ki thi rat thap, tham chi ed trudng khdng cd hpc sinh dang ki Day cd la mdt dieu bat thudng? Anh/chi hay trinh bay suy nghT cda minh bai van ngan" (^Q kiem trahpckillmdnNgii van nam hpc 20132014 cua tinh Gia Lai) Gai y: Trudc cau hdi ve thuc trang hpc sinh dang ki thi mdn Sir tdt nghiep THPT rit thip, ngudi vilt cd thl lap luan tit nhilu gdc dd khac Vi du: - Day la didu bit thudng, la su bao dpng vl y thdc, thai dd ciia ngudi Viet Nam dac bidt la cua thd he tre vdi lich sd nudc nha; ddng thdi bao ddng thirc trang Nguyen Quang HUng day hpc mdn Sii d trudng phd thdng hidn - Day la dilu binh thudng, phan anh xu thl "phan hda", "thuc dung" hpc tap va thi cua xa hpi va ciia ngudi hpc 2.3 Kl nang khai thdc, sA dung d&n chieng bdi vdn NLXH Trong lam van NLXH, din chiing cd vai trd quydt dinh tinh thuylt phuc va dp hay cua ca bai van Dan chiing dupc xem nhu Iinh hdn tao siic sdng cho bai van Tuy nhien, viec khai thdc, sd dung din chdng van NLXH cd nhiing yeu cau va ddi hdi ridng Trudc hit, din chiing bdi lam van NLXH cd tinh "md" d ca phgm vi khai thac va pham vi sir dung Ndu ddn chiing su dung bai lam van nghi lugn van hpc thudng gan lien va bat nguon td van ban van hpc nha trudng thi din chiing van NLXH co thd khai thac de sd dung tir nhieu ngudn khac nhu cac sir kien, su viec, nhan vat, sd lieu ddi sdng xS hpi, dan chiing cd thd lay lich sd, gin vdi nhan vat, sir kien Hch sd Can Iuu y, bai van NLXH, ngudi vilt cin tranh khai thac dan chiing tac phSm van hpc vi cac nhan vat, sir kien van hpc thudng duac hu cau, sang tao qua lang kinh cua nha van Din chung van NLXH cdn "md" pham vi sir dung, ddi mot sir kien, mdt nhan vat cd thl duac dimg nhilu bai van NLXH khac nlu ngudi vilt bidt khai thac din chung de sd dung cho nhieu gdc dp lap luan khac Vidul "Bill Gates sinh mdt gia y kien trao doi dinh kha gia d Hoa Ki Tu nhd dng da say me toan hpc, timg dgu vdo nganh Lugt cua Trudng Dgi hpc Harvad, nhung vdi nidm say me may tinh, dng da nghi hpc va cung vdi mgt ngudi bgn md cdng ti Microsoft Vuot qua nhieu khd khan, dng da trd ngudi giau nhat hanh tinh va hi^n dng danh 95% tdi san cua minh de lam tir thidn" [3] —> Thanh cdng nhd su tu hpc va niem dam me cdng vide; cdng nhd biet nam bat vd tgo ca hpi cho ban than; tim guang ve nghi lire Vidul "Walt Disney Id thii tu mdt gia dinh ndng ddn ngheo, cha nghien ruou, bai bgc Sdu tuoi da phai ddng lam vide Me vd nhung vi khdng co tiln nen dng dung than dl ve len giiy vd sinh Sau cai tdn W Disney da trd ndn ndi tilng thl gidi vdi nhiing bd phim hogt hinh dinh cao W Disney da timg ndi vl bdn didu lam ndn cugc ddi minh: Tin tudng: tin vao ban than minh Suy nghT: suy nghT vl nhiing gid tri ma minh mudn cd Mo udc: ma vl nhiing didu cd thl den dua tren niem tin vdo ban than vd nhiing gia tri cua chinh minh Can dam: can dam dd biln udc ma hien thy;c, dua tren nhimg nilm tin vdo ban than va nhirng gia tri cua chinh minh" [3] —» Thanh cdng nhd nghi luc vd biet vuot qua hodn canh; dimg bao gid tir bd dam me, khat vpng ciia ban than Trong bai van NLXH, din chiing la mpt ylu to khdng thl thidu cua qua trinh lgp lugn (din chiing nim luan cu), thieu din chimg, lap luan thilu dp tin cay 172 S6 7(8$) nam 2016 * va siic thuydt phyc Vipc dua din chirng vao bai lam van NLXH nhim myc dich bo trp, minh hpa, xac Igp can cd tin cgy cho qua trinh lap lugn cua ngudi viet Do do, dan chdng phai dugc dua vdo diing chd, dung budc, dung thao tac lap lugn de phat huy hidu qua thuylt phuc cho Igp lugn (trong bai ldm vdn NLXH din chiing thdng thudng dupc sir dyng cdc thao tac lap luan nhu phan tich, binh lugn, bac bd) Khi su dung dan chiing cho bdi lam van NLXH, ngudi vilt cin luu y: din chiing phai phii hpp vdi van dd nghi lugn dang ban va gan vdi van dd dang bdn, dan chiing bai lam vdn NLXH cin tranh ndi chung chung, nd phai cu thd, ro rang, chinh xac nhu ve ngudi, sd lidu, su kidn, thdng tin , ddng thdi dan chiing phai tidu bidu va cd y nghTa xa hdi Do dd, vide khai thac, lua chpn, sd dung dan chiing bai lam van NLXH the hidn rat ro ndng luc lam van cua ngudi vidt Khi sir dung dan chiing cho bdi lam vdn NLXH, ngudi viet cd the trich din nguyen van nhiing sir kien xa hdi, cau noi cua nhan vat, sd lieu kdt qua thdng ke , ddng thdi, ngudi vidt ciing cd thd xu li, dien dat lai dan chiing Tuy nhidn, bai lam van NLXH, ngudi vidt can tranh vide liet ke dan chiing ma thidu su phan tich thau dao Dan chiing dua vao bdi van NLXH phai dupc phan tich, khai quat, danh gid cy the dd tdng dp tin cay vd sue thuydt phyc cho luan diem bai van (trong vdn NLXH, din chimg thudng di sau li Ie de minh hpa, cung cd, khing djnh cho li le) TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Trong thuc ti lam van NLXH hien nay, nhigu hoc sinh THPT vin ngp nh$n, vigt bai van NLXH chi can sii dung dan chung la dii, din chiing cang phong phli, cang xac thuc thi bai lam van cang thuygt phuc Thuc ra, van NLXH, dan chirng rat quan nhung chua phai la ygu to nhit ciia lap luan Dg tao silc thuygt phuc cho bai van, nguai vigt phai tao jp dupc he th6ng lu jn digm chat che khai trign tir luan dg, ngoai nguoi vigt phai co he thgng luan cu (bao gom nhOng li le va din chiing) logic, sang tao Do do, van NLXH dSn chiing chi la mot ygu tfi b6 tro cho lap luan, no la ygu to cSn nhung chua dii dg NguySn Quang Hiing hinh bai van NLXH Trd Ign, chiing ta co thg thdy ki nang lap luan la kT nang rdt quan trpng bai lam bai van NLXH, no chinh la ygu t6 CO tinh tien quygt tao kgt ciu va sue thuygt phuc, hip din cho bai van, dong thoi day cung la ki nang kho ddi voi nguoi hpc Trong qua trinh day hpc van NLXH trucmg THPT, nguoi day cin dinh huong, trang bi, ren luyen cho hpc sinh kl nang lap luan, boi vi nim vung kl nang lap luan va bigt each lap luan, hpc sinh co thg tu tin, chii dpng, linh hoat ling truoc cac loai, cac dang de kigm tra, dg thi van NLXH TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyin Lan (2007), Tir diin tU vd ngir Hdn Viet Nxb Van hpc Do Ngoc Thdng (chu bign), Nguygn Thi Thanh Huygn (2010), Dgy vd hoc nghi ludn xd hdi, Nxb Giao due Ha Npi http://vanhth.vnweblogs.com it^iy Tda soan nhin duoc bai 22-5-2014: ngiy phin biin dinh gii: 05-6-2014: ngiy chip nhin iSng: 23-7-2018) 173 ... diem bai van (trong vdn NLXH, din chimg thudng di sau li Ie de minh hpa, cung cd, khing djnh cho li le) TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Trong thuc ti lam van NLXH hien nay, nhigu hoc sinh THPT vin... hpc Trong qua trinh day hpc van NLXH trucmg THPT, nguoi day cin dinh huong, trang bi, ren luyen cho hpc sinh kl nang lap luan, boi vi nim vung kl nang lap luan va bigt each lap luan, hpc sinh. .. cdng viec, mOt hoat dgng Trong lam van NLXH, cac thao tac lap luan thudng duac sii dung nhu: giai thich, chung minh, binh luan, phan tich, bac bd Mdi thao tac cd dac trung, each thiic tien hanh,